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€
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Da dove e quando a qui e subito!
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H2IT
Marieke Reijalt
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Seminar TF € arly Markets
Milano 7 aprile 2008
€
H2IT, Associazione Italiana
Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile
Contenuti
1. H2IT
2. Definizione
3. Dove
- le prime infrastrutture in Europa;
- le prospettive per Italia;
4. Quando
- prospettive sulle tecnologie per produrre H2
5. Qui
- da dove cominciare
- catene industriali di valore
- prezzi
6. Subito!
- JTI;
- Programmi nazionali
- H2IT Piano di azione 2008
H2IT, Associazione Italiana
Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile
H2IT - L’associazione Italiana
Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile
Nasce come Associazione nel 2004 e fa parte della FAST,
Federazione Associazioni Scientifiche e Tecniche a Milano.
Si propone di:
essere un portavoce per gli attori che operano nel settore;
promuovere le attività sull’idrogeno a livello nazionale;
facilitare lo sviluppo delle infrastrutture per l’idrogeno
stabilire forte collegamenti alle iniziative internazionali
H2IT, Associazione Italiana
Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile
H2IT - L’associazione Italiana
Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile
Obiettivi principali per 2008:
Facilitare la rinascita della piattaforma nazionale;
Sostegno alla JTI; facilitare partecipazione italiana;
Facilitare entrata italiana nel Hydrogen Bus Alliance;
Supporto allo sviluppo locale; miscela, centri logistici;
Partner in progetti europei importanti come coordinatore dei
WP Dissemination: 6Pq: Hyapproval, H2Training, HYPER;
H2IT Roadshow 2008 visita il sito: www.h2it.org/roadshow;
Preparazione di un Roadmap verso il WorldExpo 2015.
H2IT, Associazione Italiana
Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile
Definizione Early Markets : IG Business
Development and Early Markets (HFP)
- On site hydrogen supply systems for small service
vehicles;
- FC systems and hydrogen storage components for
back up power of off grid antenna installations;
- Fuel cell systems for cogeneration of condominiums,
hotels and hospitals;
- Small service vehicles as forklift trucks, airport
trolleys, transport on big fairgrounds;
H2IT, Associazione Italiana
Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile
Dove? Hydrogen deployment in 3 phases (Hyways)
Phase
Vehicles EUwide
Regional spread of H2 use
Phase I
(lighthouse
projects, precommercial phase)
10,000
Some large-scale demonstration “first user
centres” in Europe (LHPs)
Phase II (early
commercialisation)
10,000500,000
app. 2-5 “early user centres” per country**
(10-25% of population totally, emerging
simultaneously).
Potentially furthermore a network of transit
roads for commuters out of the early user
centers and between them (considered by
various deployment scenarios, representing
focus on private cars or captive fleets)
Phase III (full
commercialisation)
>500,000
Step 1:
500,000
Step 2: 4 mill.
Step 3: 16 mill.
Extension of existing user centres and
development of new hydrogen regions;
dense network installed by 2030; vehicles
EU-wide: one distributed and one
concentrated users deployment scenario in
all steps
H2IT, Associazione Italiana
Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile
Dove?
Distributed users
Hydrogen deployment map Italy
Concentrated users
H2IT, Associazione Italiana
Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile
Dove? Hydrogen intensity map –
Phase II (10,000 cars EU-wide)[GWh/(a km2)]?“
High penetration - Distributed users - Early
networkd
Low penetration - Concentrated users – Late
network
1,000 vehicles
1,000 vehicles
21% of population
21% of population
188 fuelling
stations
94 fuelling
stations
H2IT, Associazione Italiana
Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile
Dove?
Hydrogen intensity map - Phase III-3 (16 mill cars EUwide) [GWh/(a km2)]?
High penetration - Distributed users - Early
network
2.7 mill vehicles (8%)
100% of population
5900 fuelling stations
Low penetration - Concentrated users – Late
network
2.7 mill vehicles (8%)
85% of population
4400 fuelling stations
H2IT, Associazione Italiana
Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile
Quando? Produzione di H2
CCS +
(gasification/
reforming)
Demo
Early
commercial
Commercial
2011
+/-2015
+/- 2020
Coal gasification
with biomass
cofeeding
Bio-gasification
Bio-gas
reforming
(small scale)
Electrolysis
large scale,
using renewable
electricity
Electrolysis
small scale,
renewable
electricity
2007
+/- 2008
+/- 2014
+/- 2018
2006
+/-2013
+/-2018
2008
2003
+/- 2010
+/- 2016
Application
Comments
•Shell Pernis (NL), • Capture cost with
RCI R’dam (NL),
gasification is much lower,
RWE Cologne (G) than for reforming
•Nuon, Buggenum • Buggenum coal gasification
plant (NL)
power plant can use up to 3
0% of biomass as feedstock
•Freiburg (G),
Choren,
•Gussing (A)
• Beta plant being constructed;
syngas supplied to
Fisher-Trops reactor,
15 KT/yr Bio-fuel=4 KT/yr H2)
•Hynor (Norway) • Biomethane as feedstock (
land fills, Agriculture)
• Gas impurity bad for catalyst,
Discontinuous process issue
•Sote Vento (Es), • Large scale electrolysis is used
Gaz Naturel (120 for production of Chlorine, only
m3, 250 kg/day)
appropriate when renewable
electricity is abundant
•Statoilhydro
• Reliability of the electrolyser (ly
Hamburg,
Reykjavik
H2IT, Associazione Italiana
Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile
Quando? Hydrogen delivery mechanisms both to
the fuelling station and the vehicle
Demo
Early
commercial
Commercia
l
Fuelling Station
High Pressure
Hydrogen Supply
2003
+/-2010
2015
•many
• Robustness of components
• Safety
• Underground systems
Fuelling Station
Liquid Hydrogen
Supply
2003
+/- 2012
+/- 2020
•Berlin
• Robustness of components
• Safety
• Underground systems
High Pressure
Hydrogen
(700bar+)
2005
+/-2013
+/- 2015
•Marl, Berlin
(’09)
• Composite storage, higher
pressures, more robust
components and processes
Hydrides
2005
+/-2013
+/-2020
•HyChain
•some off road
niche vehicles
• Continued development of
hydride mix
Pipeline
2020
+/-2025
+/- 2025
•-
Liquid Hydrogen
2025
2030
•-
• Urban pipelines required
Cost reduction for installation
and maintenance of safety vs
NG
• New LHY cycles, larger production
trains, production integration with
other processes, storage /
component enhancements
Application
Comments
H2IT, Associazione Italiana
Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile1
1
Qui!
H2IT, Associazione Italiana
Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile
Qui!
H2IT, Associazione Italiana
Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile
Qui!
1. Stazioni di servizi esistenti.
2. Centri logistici:
1. elevatori,
2. trasferimenti ai veicoli servizi piccoli a bassi
emissioni, taxi e bus;
3. sistemi di back up power.
3. Parchi eolici:
California: 80.000 MW in attesa, mancanza capacità
sufficiente della rete;
Giappone: NEDO, National Energy Development
Agency stoccaggio prerequisito per lo sviluppo del
eolico in Giappone;
Ungeria: problemi tecnici con connessioni;
H2IT, Associazione Italiana
Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile
Qui!: Rete Automotive
fonte: Bocconi 2006
H2IT, Associazione Italiana
Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile
Subito! prospettive FCV in 2008
Honda, Takeo Fukui, Sole 24ore, 28-02-08:
“Nell’estate 2008 in Usa e in autunno in Giappone
comincia la commercializzare della FCX Clarity.”
Mercedes, Dieter Zetsche, Motorshow Ginevra 07-03-08:
In 2010 inizia modesta della produzione di massa della
B-Class: verso 2014-15, arrivano i modelli “distinctive,
economically competitive fuel-cell, 100,000 a year.”
Fiat: Frankfurt Motorshow Fiat Aria primo modello a
combustione interna alimentato dalla miscela H2
(30%V)/CNG: decine di Aria in Lombardia e Piemonte
H2IT, Associazione Italiana
Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile
Subito!: sviluppare catene industriali di valore
Industrial Sectors
Residues of organic material
Recycling of primary and secondary materials
Residues of inorganic material
Technology Bridges
Fermentation
Product Bridges
Natural gas and other gases
Pyrolysis, gassification
Hydrogen rich gas
Cogeneration
Microturbines
Electrical Generation
Metallurgic ovens
Equipment manufacturing
Printing machinery
Engines, filters and other components
Combustion engines
Vehicles
Surface treatment
Printed material
Metal membranes
semi porous materials
Filters
Support for metal
membranes and semi
porous materials
Photo catalyctic surface treatment
Surface treatment
Air purifiers
Vernices
Sinteration
Metallurgic processes
Thermal treatment
Hot air treatment
Other smart materials
H
IT,
Associazione Italiana
2
Metal powders
Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile
Reducters
Resistent materials
Subito!: i prezzi
AGIP Francoforte:
idrogeno a €8 al kg
Valori H2:
Con 1,5 kg H2 si fa 100km ;
0.089 kg/ Nm3
3 kWh/Nm3 H2
H2IT, Associazione Italiana
Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile
Hydrogen production mix and specific
hydrogen costs at the pump (Hyways)
Produced hydrogen [GWh]
20,000
10.0 ct/kWh
13.34 ct/kWh
12.4 ct/kWh
NUCLEAR EL
18,000
COORIDOR
16,000
BYPRODUCT
14,000
12,000
10,000
Coal or biomass or
mix of coal & biomas
gasification
WIND
OFFSHORE
WIND ONSHORE
BIOMASS
ONSITE
BIOMASS
CENTRAL
ELECTROLYSIS
CENTRAL
ELECTROLYSIS
ONSITE
HARD COAL
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
WASTE
LINGITE CCS
24.9 ct/kWh 20.5 ct/kWh 19.6 ct/kWh
HARD Coal CCS
0
USER
CENTRES
2017
2017
2017
2027
Concentrated
User Early
Network
Bounds
20%LH2
Concentrated
User Early
Network
Bounds
0%LH2
Concentrated
User Early
Network
NoBounds
0%LH2
Concentrated
User Early
Network
Bounds
20%LH2
2027
2027
SMR Central CCS
Concentrated Concentrated
SMR Onsite
User Early
User Early
Network
Network
SMR Central
Bounds
NoBounds
H2IT, Associazione Italiana
0%LH2Idrogeno
0%LH2
e Celle a Combustibile
Subito!: i prezzi, powertrain costs (Hyways)
Spec. additional costs / savings* of a FCV compared to
conventional vehicle
Drivers:
Additional cost
Internalisation of CO2
fuel
0 €/t
Hydrogen
Wind
Cost Savings
70 €/t
CO2
NG
100 $/bbl
25 $/bbl
Crude oil
CO2
Hydrogen drive system
Moderate PR
Max cost differences:
* (w/o tax)
6
Max
additional
cost
3
0
3
6
Optimistic PR*
9 c/km
Max savings
H2IT, Associazione Italiana
Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile
Subito!: Iniziativa tecnologica congiunta JTI
1.
JOINT TECHNOLOGY INITIATIVE proposal without
further delay: the most effective instruments for
concentrating industry effort & funding over the whole
innovation chain;
2.
LIGHTHOUSE DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS including
public procurement enhance current demonstration
projects towards commercialization;
3.
PUBLIC PROCUREMENT & BUYERS’ POOLS – example:
MOU Joint Public Procurement of H2 buses by European
Cities and Regions (5 October 06);
4.
STRATEGIC PROCUREMENT APPROACH for start-ups
(pre- commercialization phase): include H2&FC in the
current EC public procurement legislation.
H2IT, Associazione Italiana
Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile
Subito! Iniziativa tecnologica congiunta JTI (2)
5.
REMOVE REGULATORARY BARRIERS, harmonize
CODES & STANDARDS internationally – example: EC
Regulation on H2 vehicles;
6.
FINANCING INSTRUMENTS: specific approaches for
SMEs, but also a need for new financing approaches,
based on equity investments to address the specific
needs of independent private developers
H2IT, Associazione Italiana
Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile
Subito! Implementation Plan IDA 4 Early Markets
Action
reference
Action
number
Action focus
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Portable Micro-FCs
EM
1
EM
EM
EM
EM
EM
2
3
4
5
6
7
EM
EM
EM
EM
8
9
10
EM
11
EM
EM
EM
EM
EM
EM
12
13
14
15
16
17
EM
EM
EM
18
19
20
EM
21
EM
EM
EM
EM
22
23
24
25
EM
EM
EM
26
27
28
EM
30
EM
EM
EM
EM
EM
EM
EM
EM
EM
EM
EM
EM
EM
EM
EM
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
State of the art
technology
System development
Basic R&D
General
Diagnostic tools
System modelling
Reduction of complexity
Reformer
Reformer
Improvement of performances
Demonstration
Alpha testing
Product development & demo
Portable generators, Back-up power, UPS
State of the art
technology
System development
Basic R&D
General
Diagnostic tools
System modelling
Reduction of complexity
Reformer
Demonstration
Improvement of performances
Alpha testing
Product development & demo
Specialist vehicles
State of the art
technology
System development
General
Diagnostic tools
System modelling
Reduction of complexity
Improvement of performances
Alpha testing
Product development & demo
By-product H2 Power Generation
State of the art
technology
System development
General
Diagnostic tools
System modelling
Reduction of complexity
Improvement of performances
Demonstration
Pilot
Alpha testing
Product development & demo
From research to market - Developing a healthy
Demonstration
Building the Market - Stimulating and Meeting Early
Creating Peace of Mind - Developing and
Getting the numbers right - socio-economics modelling
H2IT, Associazione Italiana
Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile
2013
Subito! Iniziativa tecnologica congiunta JTI - Budget
Operational Resources Breakdown 2008-2013
EC Contribution
(in M€)
120.0
100.0
80.0
106.800
90.100
70.300
73.800 80.900
IDA 3
IDA 2
60.0
40.0
IDA 4
28.100
IDA 1
EC Contribution
20.0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Timeframe
H2IT, Associazione Italiana
Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile
Subito!: Finanziamenti nazionali
1.
Industria 2015: per efficienza energetica 200 mln per 11
area di cui area a4 ) riferisce a
- celle a combustibile di 3 e 30 kW;
- accumulo d’idrogeno;
- termine dal 30 aprile a 30 giugno 2008;
- max. €15 mln per l’intero progetto, max €5 mln/partner
2.
Finanziaria 2008:
€ 10 mln per la piattaforma nazionale per le tecnologie
d’idrogeno e le tecnologie collegate (incl. la miscela).
H2IT, Associazione Italiana
Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile
Subito! Azioni H2IT
- Facilitare informazioni diretti sull’avanzamento JTI;
- Creazione di un attività di verifica delle possibilità per
il WorldExpo 2015 a Milano;
- Facilitare alleanze con iniziative internazionali :
Hydrogen Bus Alliance;
Contact:
Marieke Reijalt
www.h2it.org
[email protected]
Tel direct +39 340 7914751
H2IT, Associazione Italiana
Idrogeno e Celle a Combustibile