PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
I verbi inglesi si coniugano su 3 MODI:
INFINITIVE
(infinito)
PAST SIMPLE
(passato)
PAST PARTICIPLE
(participio
passato)
PLAY
PLAYED
PLAYED
EAT
ATE
EATEN
PRESENT PERFECT: LA STRUTTURA
Occorre studiare e imparare a
memoria la forma del
participio passato
dei verbi irregolari (e regolari)
Alcuni esempi:
Present
be
have
make
drive
visit
celebrate
cut
break
Past
was / were
had
made
drove
visited
celebrated
cut
broke
Past Participle
been
had
made
driven
visited
celebrated
cut
broken
Forma affermativa
We have climbed a mountain
Mark has driven to the waterfalls
SOGGETTO + HAVE/HAS + PARTICIPIO PASSATO
forma negativa:
We haven’t climbed a mountain
Mark hasn’t driven to the waterfalls
SOGGETTO + HAVEN’T / HASN’T + PARTIC. PASSATO
Forma interrogativa:
Have you climbed a mountain?
Has Mark driven to the waterfalls?
HAVE / HAS + SOGGETTO + PARTIC. PASSATO
Risposte brevi:
Yes, we have / No, we haven’t
Yes, he has / No, he hasn’t
La risposta breve si completa con l’ausiliare
PRESENT PERFECT: L’USO
Essendo un tempo passato,
occorre distinguere quando usarlo
rispetto al Past Simple,
come nei seguenti casi:
a) Quando si danno notizie recenti, si raccontano
fatti o avvenimenti, anche speciali:
I HAVE DONE BUNJEE JUMPING!
b) Quando il tempo in cui avvengono i fatti
NON E’ specificato:
WE HAVE JUST EATEN A BIG MAC
c) per sapere se una persona ha mai fatto
una cosa:
HAVE YOU EVER BEEN TO LONDON?
d) Con i seguenti avverbi: JUST – ALREADY –
EVER/NEVER – YET – RECENTLY
I’ve never been to London (mai)
They have already had lunch (già)
Susan has just got home (appena)
Susan hasn’t got home yet (non ancora)
He has recently passed an English exam
(di recente)
Have you ever visited the Uffizi Gallery?
(mai, in frasi interrogative)
IL VERBO ESSERE: OSSERVA
Present
I am
you are
He is
She is
It is
We are
You are
They are
Past
I was
You were
He was
She was
It was
We were
You were
They were
Past Participle
I have been
You have been
He has been
She has been
It has been
We have been
You have been
They have been
IL VERBO AVERE: OSSERVA
Present
I have
you have
He has
She has
It has
We have
You have
They have
Past
Past Participle
I had
You had
He had
She had
It had
We had
You had
They had
I have had
You have had
He has had
She has had
It has had
We have had
You have had
They have had