ახალციხის სახელმწიფო სასწავლო უნივერსიტეტი
გლობალური დათბობა,
მოსალოდნელი შედეგები
და
მასთან ბრძოლის საშუალებები
Tanamedrove kacobrioba cxovrobs Tavbrudamxvev samecniero teqnikuri progresis epoqaSi, romelsac Tan axlavs bunebriv garemoze
aqtiuri zemoqmedeba.
miuxedavad imisa, rom ukanasknel aTwleulebis manZilze iReben
garkveul zomebs garemos dacvaze, saerTo mdgomareoba kidev ufro
uaresdeba.
sameurneo saqmianobiT garemoze zemoqmedebis
masStabebi marlTlac
rom giganturia.
yovelwliurad dedamiwis wiaRidan kacobrioba iRebs 100 miliard
tonaze met sasargeblo wiaRiseuls, adnobs 800 milion tona
sxvadasxva liTons, awarmoebs 60 milion tonaze met
bunebisTvis ucxo sinTeTikur masalebs, sasoflo sameurneo
savargulebze Seaqvs 500 milion tonaze meti mineraluri sasuqebi
da 3 milion tonamde Sxam-qimikatebi, saidanac mesamedi
Cairecxeba wyalsatevebSi da Setivtivdeba atmosferoSi.
adamianis saqmianobis Sedegad binZurdeba liTosfero,
hidrosfero da atmosfero. globaluri daTbobis ZiriTadi mizezi
mainc atmosferos dabinZurebaa.
dabinZurebul atmosferoSi
saTburis efeqtis Seqmnas
ganapirobebs e.w. “saTburis
gazebi”.
“saTburis efeqtSi” naxSirorJangis (CO2) wilia 55 %, azotis oqsidebis
(NxOy) wilia 10%, meTanis wilia 20 %, xolo naxSirwyalbadebis - 15 %.
“saTburis gazebis” umTavresi wyaroebia:
 dedamiwis napralebidan da vulkanebidan
amofrqvevebi
 yvela cocxali organizmis amosunTqa
 yvela saxis organuli sawvavis /navTobi, qvanaxSiri,
airi, merqani/ dawva.
msoflioSi mxolod Tboeleqtro- centralebis RumelebSi, romlebic
muSaoben organul sawvavze, yovel- wliurad warmoiqmneba
daaxloebiT
6 mlrd t CO2. misi ZiriTadi nawili akumilirdeba karbonatul
kristalur qanebSi, okianis fskerze,
mcenareul da cxovelur organizmebSi
atmosferoSi CO2 - is Semcveloba nel-nela matulobs.
ukanaskneli 100 wlis manZilze CO2 - is Semcveloba
atmosferoSi 25%-iT gaizarda. aman gamoiwvia dedamiwaze
saSualo temperaturis gazrda 0,5-0,70C-iT.
atmosferos saSualo temperaturis gazrdam gamoiwvia klimatis
sagrZnobi cvlileba, rasac moyva myinvarebis, arqtikisa da
antarqtidis yinulovani masis Semcireba, sxvadasxva regionebSi
kataklizmebis gaxSireba.
varaudoben, rom XXI saukunis bolosaTvis atmosferoSi CO2
-is Semcveloba gaormagdeba da saSualo wliuri temperatura
1,5 - 4,50C -iT gaizrdeba.
mosalodnelia okeaneebSi
wylis temperaturis gazrda,
rac gamoiwvevs wylis donis
awevas da xmeleTis nawilis
dafarvas
polusebisaken zRvis yinulis sazRvris gadanacvlebis Sedegad
mosalodnelia polarul olqebSi zamTris temperaturis
mkveTrad aweva
wylis sarkuli zedapiris farTobis gazrdis
da zRvis yinulis sisqis Semcirebis
Sedegad mosalodnelia polarul
sferoebSi atmosferos qveda fenis
temperaturis samjeradi amaRleba
grelandia planetis yvelaze didi kunZulia. misi
farTobi Seadgens 43000 km2, romlis udidesi nawili
dafarulia yinulovani masiT. am yinulis sisqe
saSualod Seadgens 2.5 kilometrs. Tu am yinulis
mTeli masa dadneba, msoflio okeanis done aiwevs
7 metriT da dafaravs wylispira qalaqebs da
tropikebis bevr kunZuls. grelandiis yinulis gaqroba
Secvlis ara marto fizikur ruqas, aramed politikur
ruqasac, radgan grelandia imyofeba daniis
proteqtoratis qveS da didi xania ocnebobs
damoukideblobaze
globaluri daTbobis tempebis Semcireba an sulac SeCereba
SesaZlebelia atmosferoSi CO2 koncentraciis zrdis
SeCerebiT an sulac SemcirebiT.
adamianis gaCenamde bunebam gamoimuSava CO2 -is Sekavebis meqanizmebi. tyis masivebs
SeswevT unari fotosinTezis gziT gadaamuSaon es nivTiereba da gamoyon Jangbadi. magram,
rogorc cnobilia adamianis saqmianobis Sedegad “saTburis gazebis” gamoyofam iseT masStabebs
miaRwia, rom bunebrivi meqanizmebi ukve nel-nela veRar umklavdebian aseT maStabur
“samuSaos”, miTumetes, rom tyeebis masivebis ganadgurebac ramdenadme swrafad
mimdinareobs, xolo aRdgenas sWirdeba sakmaod didi dro.
1 kg qvanaxSiris, mazuTis, an 1 m3 bunebrivi airis
dawvisas ixarjeba 11 m3 haeri, xolo Tanamedrove reaqtiuli
TviTmfrinavi evropidan amerikaSi gadafrenisas imden
Jangbads moixmars, ramdensac mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi
warmoqmnis 10 000 heqtari tye.
bunebis dasaxmareblad unda gamovides TviT “damnaSave” adamiani da problemis erT-erT gadawyvetilebad SeiZleba iqces
“xelovnuri xe”
axali xelovnuri xe ar iqneba mxolod dekoraciis obieqti, aramed iqneba sasargeblo
ekologiuri nageboba. arizonis Statis globaluri teqnologiuri gamokvlevebis organizaciis
mecnierebi muSaoben pirveli “xelovnuri xis” Seqmnaze, romelmac unda STanTqos
naxSirorJangi da amiT gawmindos haeri, rogorc namdvilma mcenarem. aseTi “xeebi”
damzadebuli iqneba tute rezinisagan - axali masalisagan, romelic reagirebs CO2 -Tan.
xelovnuri xeebi mwarmoeblebsac moutans sargebels, radgan tute rezinSi dagrovebul
naxSirorJangs gamoiyeneben gaziani sasmelebis dasamzadeblad.
igegmeba, rom “xelovnuri xeebi ukve 2 - 3 weliwadSi gamova gayidvaSi da misi
savaraudo fasi iqneba 150 USD.
www.trendhunter.com
xelovnuri xis erT-erTi saxeoba, romlis proeqtsac amuSaveben kolumbiis
universitetis mecnierebi da romelmac unda SeZlos naxSirorJangi STanTqos
aTasjer ufro swrafad, vidre namdvil xem. Sesabamisi kvlevebi tardeba 1998
wlidan da optimizmiT acxadeben, rom moaxlovda proeqtis dasrulebis dro
dedamiwaze globaluri daTbobis procesi aris faqti.
magram mis gamomwvev mizezebze mecnierTa azri orad
iyofa. erTni Tvlian, rom adamianis anTropogenuli saqmianoba
am procesSi dominantia, xolo meoreni amtkiceben, rom es
procesi kosmosuri gavleniTaa gamowveuli da adamianis
saqmianobis wili mxolod ramdenime procentiT ganisazRvreba.
1998 wels andrei kapicam pirdapir sensaciuri gancxadeba gaakeTa britaneTis
geografiuli sazogadoebis konferenciaze. man Tqva, rom globaluri daTboba aris
grandiozuli samecniero mistifikacia, romelic eyrdnoba mizezebis SedegebiT Secvlas.
kapica, romelsac arcTuise mcirericxovani mxardamWerebi hyavda msoflios samecniero
wreebSi, amtkicebda, rom globaluri daTboba sulac ar aris gamowveuli atmosferoSi
CO2 koncentraciis gazrdiT, ufro piriqiT, daTbobis Sedegad xdeba kolosaluri moculobis
naxSirorJangis gamoyofa da adamiani aq arafer SuaSia.
adamianis saqmianobiT atmosferoSi gamofrqveuli “saTburi gazebis” raodenoba mTlian
procesSi mxolod ramodenime procentia.
maS riTaa gamowveuli
globaluri daTboba?
globaluri, metic, kosmosuri mizezebiT - pasuxoben kapicas
momxreebi.
kosmosSi mimdinare procesebi zegavlenas axdenen
dedamiwaze - rogorc cocxal organizmze.
(magaliTad, mzis aqtivaciis cikluri movlenebi)
aq skeptikosebs gamoadgebaT planetis atmosferos cvlilebis adreuli
monacemebi.
ukanaskneli 400 000 wlis ganmavlobaSi globaluri daTboba ara erTxel
momxdara. saSualod yovel 100 000 weliwadSi erTxel. es xdeboda, roca
temperaturis rxeva iyo Zalian maRali. naklebad mniSvnelovani
cvlilebebi ki xdeboda ufro xSirad. mxolod ukanasknel aTaswleulSi
mniSvnelovani temperaturuli rxevebi dafiqsirebuli iyo XI, XIV da
XVII saukuneebSi.
bunebrivia, im droisaTvis subari adamianis saqmianobiT klimatis
zegavlenaze sul cota uxerxulia.
Zvirfaso megobrebo, am sakiTxebze msjeloba TqvenTvis
momindvia
gmadlobT yuradRebisaTvis!