π‘æπ∏åµâπ©∫—∫
°“√„™â ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“ (Spirulina platensis) „π°“√ªÑÕß°—π‚√§µ—«·¥ß
¥«ß¢“«„π°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥” (Penaeus monodon) √–¬–‚æ ∑å≈“√å«“·≈–
√–¬–«—¬√ÿàπ
ªî¬“≈—¬ ‡À¡∑“ππ∑å 1 ∂“æ√ ¥‘‡√°∫ÿ…√“§¡2 ·≈–«‘…≥ÿ ∫ÿ≠≠“«‘«—≤πå 3
Abstract
Hemtanon, P.1, Direkbusarakom, S.2, and Bunyaviwat, V.3
Application of Spirulina platensis for prevention of white spot syndrome virus in
post larvae and juvenile black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon)
Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol., 2005, 27(Suppl. 1) : 253-263
In this study, the extract of Spirulina platensis were examined in vitro to inhibit white spot syndrome
virus (WSSV) and application of dry S. platensis in diet for prevention of white spot syndrome (WSS) in post
larvae and juvenile black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). The results showed that the lowest concentration
of the extract for inhibiting WSSV was 0.01 mg/ml, while the optimum concentration was found to be 0.1 mg/
ml in which the mortality rate of the shrimp was 4 percents and infection was not detected from survival
shrimp by the immunohistochemistry method.
Furthermore, The results showed that the survival rate of the post larvae fed on steamed egg containing dry S. platensis 5 g/kg of diet was higher than that of the control (p<0.05) when challenged with WSSV and
no WSSV infected shrimp examine by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. In the case of juvenile shrimp,
the survival rate of shrimp fed pellets containing dry S. platensis 10 g/kg of diet was higher than that of the
control group (p<0.05) after challenging with WSSV. Moreover percent of WSSV infection in the survival
shrimp using the immunohistochemistry method was lower than that of the control group.
Key words : Spirulina platensis, white spot syndrome virus, black tiger shrimp,
Penaeus monodon
1
Nakhon Si Thammarat Coastal Fisheries Research and Development Center, Sichon, Nakhon Si Thammarat
80120, 2Institute of Agriculture Technology, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160,
3
Faculty of Vaterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand.
1
«∑.¡. («‘∑¬“»“ µ√å°“√‡°…µ√) “¢“«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å°“√ª√–¡ß π—°«‘™“°“√ª√–¡ß »Ÿπ¬å«®‘ ¬— ·≈–æ—≤π“ª√–¡ß™“¬Ωíßò ®—ßÀ«—¥π§√»√’∏√√¡√“™
Õ”‡¿Õ ‘™≈ ®—ßÀ«—¥π§√»√’∏√√¡√“™ 80120 2Ph.D. (Fish Diseases) ºŸâ™à«¬»“ µ√“®“√¬å ”π—°«‘™“‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’°“√‡°…µ√ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬
«≈—¬≈—°…≥å Õ”‡¿Õ∑à“»“≈“ ®—ßÀ«—¥π§√»√’∏√√¡√“™ 80160 3Ph.D. (Veterinarian) §≥– —µ«·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å
«‘∑¬“‡¢µ°”·æß· π Õ”‡¿Õ°”·æß· π ®—ßÀ«—¥π§√ª∞¡ 73140
Corresponding e-mail : [email protected]
√—∫µâπ©∫—∫ 15 惻®‘°“¬π 2547
√—∫≈ßæ‘¡æå 1 °ÿ¡¿“æ—π∏å 2548
Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol.
Vol. 27 (Suppl. 1), 2005 : Aquatic Science
Application of Spirulina platensis in black tiger shrimp
Hemtanon, P., et al.
254
∫∑§—¥¬àÕ
ªî¬“≈—¬ ‡À¡∑“ππ∑å ∂“æ√ ¥‘‡√°∫ÿ…√“§¡ ·≈– «‘…≥ÿ ∫ÿ≠≠“«‘«—≤πå
°“√„™â ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“ (Spirulina platensis) „π°“√ªÑÕß°—π‚√§µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«„π°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥”
(Penaeus monodon) √–¬–‚æ ∑å≈“√å«“·≈–√–¬–«—¬√ÿàπ
«. ߢ≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑. 2548 27(©∫—∫摇»… 1) : 253-263
°“√»÷°…“§√—Èßπ’ȉ¥â∑¥≈Õß„™â “√ °—¥®“° ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈𓬗∫¬—È߇™◊ÈÕ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«„πÀ≈Õ¥∑¥≈Õß ·≈–π”
‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“·Àâߺ ¡„πÕ“À“√‡æ◊ËÕ„™âªÑÕß°—π‚√§∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«„π°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥”√–¬–‚æ ∑å≈“√å«“ ·≈–
√–¬–«—¬√ÿπà º≈°“√»÷°…“æ∫«à“ “√ °—¥®“° ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“ “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—ßÈ ‡™◊ÕÈ ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«‰¥â ‚¥¬§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπµË” ÿ¥
¢Õß “√ °—¥∑’ˬ—∫¬—È߉¥â§◊Õ 0.01 ¡°./¡≈. ¢≥–∑’˧«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ∑’Ë¥’∑’Ë ÿ¥„π°“√¬—∫¬—È߇™◊ÈÕ‰«√— §◊Õ 0.1 ¡°./¡≈. ‚¥¬°ÿâß¡’
Õ—µ√“°“√µ“¬‡©≈’ˬ 4% ·≈–‰¡àæ∫°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ„π°ÿâß∑’Ë√Õ¥µ“¬‡¡◊ËÕµ√«®°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ‚¥¬«‘∏’Õ‘¡¡Ÿ‚πŒ’ ‚µ‡§¡‘ µ√’
º≈°“√»÷°…“°“√ªÑÕß°—π‚√§∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“« æ∫«à“„π≈Ÿ°°ÿâß√–¬–‚æ ∑å≈“√å«“∑’ˉ¥â√—∫‰¢àµÿãπ
º ¡ ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“ 5 °√—¡/°°. ¡’Õ—µ√“°“√√Õ¥µ“¬ Ÿß°«à“™ÿ¥∑’ˉ¥â√—∫‰¢àµÿãπÕ¬à“߇¥’¬«Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (p<0.05)
·≈–‰¡àæ∫°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÕÈ ‡¡◊ÕË µ√«®‚¥¬«‘∏æ’ ´’ Õ’ “√å (PCR) ”À√—∫°“√∑¥≈Õß„π°ÿßâ °ÿ≈“¥”√–¬–«—¬√ÿπà ∑’‰Ë ¥â√∫— Õ“À“√‡¡Á¥º ¡
‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“ 10 °√—¡/°°. ¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π°“√ªÑÕß°—π°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«¥’∑’Ë ÿ¥ §◊Õ °ÿâß¡’Õ—µ√“√Õ¥µ“¬
100% ´÷Ëß·µ°µà“ß®“°°ÿâß∑’ˉ¥â√—∫Õ“À“√ª°µ‘Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (p<0.05) ‡¡◊ËÕµ√«®‚¥¬«‘∏’Õ‘¡¡Ÿ‚πŒ’ ‚µ‡§¡‘ µ√’
æ∫‡ªÕ√凴Áπµå°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ„π°ÿâß∑’Ë√Õ¥µ“¬‡æ’¬ß 15% ´÷Ëߵ˔°«à“™ÿ¥§«∫§ÿ¡
ªí®®ÿ∫—π°“√‡≈’Ȭ߰ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥”„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬‡ªìπ°“√
‡≈’Ȭ߰ÿâß·∫∫æ—≤π“ ¡’ªí≠À“∑’Ë ”§—≠§◊Õ°“√¢“¥√–∫∫°“√
®—¥°“√¿“¬„π∫àÕ∑’Ë¥’ ∑”„Àâª√– ∫ªí≠À“µà“ßÊ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–
‚√§°ÿßâ ∑—ßÈ ∑’¡Ë ’ “‡Àµÿ®“°‚ª√‚µ´—« ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ ·≈–‰«√— ‚¥¬
‡©æ“–„π™à«ßª≈“¬ªï 2537 µàÕ‡π◊ËÕߪï 2538 ‰¥â¡’‚√§
√–∫“¥Õ¬à“ß√ÿπ·√ß„π°“√‡≈’Ȭ߰ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥” ´÷Ë߇ªìπº≈¡“®“°
‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“« ∑”„À⇰…µ√°√ºŸâ‡≈’Ȭ߰ÿâߪ√– ∫
¿“«–°“√¢“¥∑ÿπÕ¬à“ßÀπ—° ·≈–º≈º≈‘µ√«¡∑—Èßæ◊Èπ∑’ˇ≈’Ȭß
°ÿâß≈¥≈ßÕ¬à“ß¡“° °ÿâß∑’Ë¡’Õ“°“√®–∑¬Õ¬µ“¬ ·≈–®–µ“¬
À¡¥¿“¬„π‡«≈“ 5-7 «—π (®‘√“æ√·≈–§≥–, 2538) ´÷Ëß
‰¡à¡’ “√‡§¡’·≈–¬“∑’Ë„™â√—°…“‚√§π’ȉ¥â „πªí®®ÿ∫—π‰¥â¡’ß“π
«‘®¬— °“√ „™â “√®“°∏√√¡™“µ‘‡æ◊ÕË ªÑÕß°—π‚√§®“°‰«√— ™π‘¥π’È
„π°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥” ‡™àπ À≠â“„µâ„∫ (Phyllanthus urinaria)
( ∂“æ√ ·≈–§≥–, 2540) “√ °—¥®“°„∫¡–¡à«ß‡¢’¬«‡ «¬
(™≈‘¥“ ·≈–§≥–, 2540) ·≈–øŸ§Õ¬·¥π (fucoidan) ´÷Ëß
‡ªìπ “√°≈ÿà¡´—≈‡øµ ‚æ≈’·´§§“√å‰√¥å °—¥‰¥â®“° “À√à“¬
’πÈ”µ“≈ ™◊ËÕ«à“ Cladosiphon okamuranus (Takahashi,
et al., 1998) ‡ªìπµâπ
‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“ (Spirulina platensis) ‡ªìπ·æ≈ß°å
µÕπæ◊™„π°≈ÿà¡ “À√à“¬ ’‡¢’¬«·°¡πÈ”‡ß‘π∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥§à“∑“ß
Õ“À“√ Ÿß ‚¥¬¡’‚ª√µ’π Ÿß∂÷ß 70% ¢ÕßπÈ”Àπ—°·Àâß ´÷Ëß¡’
°√¥Õ–¡‘‚π∑’Ë®”‡ªìπµàÕ√à“ß°“¬ ‡™àπ ‰Õ‚´≈‘«´’π ≈‘«´’π
‰≈´’π ·≈–‡¡∑‰∏‚Õπ’𠇪ìπµâπ ·≈–¬—ߪ√–°Õ∫‰ª¥â«¬
°√¥‰¢¡—𠇙àπ °√¥‰≈‚π‡≈Õ‘° °√¥‰¡√‘ µ‘° ·≈–°√¥‚Õ‡≈Õ‘°
‡ªìπµâπ ·√à∏“µÿ ‡™àπ ∑Õß·¥ß ‡À≈Á° ‚æ·∑ ‡´’¬¡ ·≈–
·¡°π’‡´’¬¡ ‡ªìπµâπ ·≈–«‘µ“¡‘π∑’Ë ”§—≠À≈“¬™π‘¥ ‡™àπ
«‘µ“¡‘π‡Õ «‘µ“¡‘π∫’ 6 ·≈–«‘µ“¡‘π∫’ 12 ‡ªìπµâπ (Hills,
1980) „π«ß°“√ —µ«åπÈ”π‘¬¡π” ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“¡“‡ √‘¡„πÕ“À“√
‡æ◊Ëՙ૬„π‡√◊ËÕß°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ·≈–°“√‡√àß ’ (Nakamura,
1982) πÕ°®“°π’È ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“¬—ß¡’ “√∑’ˇªìπª√–‚¬™πåÕ’°
À≈“¬™π‘¥ ®“°√“¬ß“π¢Õß Hayashi ·≈– Hayashi
(1996) æ∫«à“ “√·§≈‡´’¬¡ ‰ª√Ÿ·≈π ´÷Ëß °—¥‰¥â®“°
‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“ “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—È߉«√— ™π‘¥µà“ßÊ ∑’Ë¡’‡ª≈◊Õ°Àÿâ¡
(envelope virus) ‰¥â ‡™à𠉫√— ‚√§À—¥ (Measles virus)
‰«√— ‚√§‡√‘¡ (Herpes simplex virus type 1) ‰«√— ‚√§
§“ß∑Ÿ¡ (Mumps virus) ·≈–‰«√— ‚√§‡Õ¥ å (HIV-1) ‡ªìπµâπ
¥—ßπ—π
È “√ °—¥®“° ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“πà“®–¡’ƒ∑∏‘„Ï π°“√¬—∫¬—ßÈ ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“« ´÷ßË ‡ªìπ‰«√— ∑’¡Ë ‡’ ª≈◊Õ°Àÿ¡â (®‘√“æ√·≈–§≥–,
2538) ‡™àπ°—π ¥â«¬‡Àµÿπ®’È ß÷ ∑”°“√»÷°…“‚¥¬π” “√ °—¥®“°
‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“¡“„™â„π°“√¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ‰«√— «. ߢ≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑.
ªï∑’Ë 27 (©∫—∫摇»… 1) 2548 : «“√‘™»“ µ√å
255
µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“« ‡æ◊ÕË ‡ªìπ·π«∑“ß„π°“√æ—≤π“π” ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“
‰ª„™â„π°“√ªÑÕß°—π‚√§µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«„π°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥”µàÕ‰ª
Õÿª°√≥å·≈–«‘∏’°“√∑¥≈Õß
1. °“√»÷°…“º≈¢Õß “√ °—¥®“° ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“ „π°“√¬—∫¬—Èß
‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«„πÀ≈Õ¥∑¥≈Õß
1.1 °“√‡µ√’¬¡‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«
‡™◊ÕÈ ‰«√— ∑’„Ë ™â„π°“√∑¥≈Õß ‡ªìπ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«
“¬æ—π∏ÿ å ߢ≈“ ‡µ√’¬¡µ“¡«‘∏¢’ Õß ∂“æ√·≈–§≥– (2540)
1.2 °“√‡µ√’¬¡ “√ °—¥®“° ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“
‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“∑’„Ë ™â„π°“√∑¥≈Õß π”¡“®“° ∂“∫—π«‘®¬—
°“√‡æ“–‡≈’È¬ß —µ«åπÈ”™“¬Ωíòß ß¢≈“ ‡≈’Ȭ߄πÕ“À“√ Ÿµ√
¢Õß∏‘¥“ (2542) ‡°Á∫‡°’ˬ«∑ÿ° 7 «—π ·≈–π”¡“Õ∫·Àâß∑’Ë
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 60°C ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 10 ™—Ë«‚¡ß π”¡“∫¥·≈– °—¥
µ“¡«‘∏’¢Õß Herunsalee ·≈– Direkbusarakom (1993)
°“√„™â ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“„π°“√ªÑÕß°—π‚√§„π°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥”
ªî¬“≈—¬ ‡À¡∑“ππ∑å ·≈–§≥–
¡≈. ”À√—∫™ÿ¥§«∫§ÿ¡∑’Ë 1 ©’¥ “√≈–≈“¬ LHM ∑’ˉ¡à¡’
“√ °—¥ ™ÿ¥§«∫§ÿ¡∑’Ë 2 ©’¥‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√— §«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 10-5
®“°π—ÈππÈ”°ÿâß∑—Èß 8 ™ÿ¥°“√∑¥≈Õ߉ª‡≈’Ȭ߄πµŸâ°√–®° ´÷Ëß
∫√√®ÿπÈ” 25 ≈‘µ√ „Àâ°ÿâß°‘πÕ“À“√‡¡Á¥„πÕ—µ√“ 3.5% ¢Õß
πÈ”Àπ—°µ—«/«—π «—π≈– 4 §√—Èß (7.00, 11.00, 15.00 ·≈–
19.00 π.) „ÀâÕ“°“»µ≈Õ¥‡«≈“ ¡’°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ∂à“¬πÈ”„π
™à«ß‡™â“∑ÿ°«—π «—π≈– 30% ∫—π∑÷°Õ—µ√“°“√µ“¬∑ÿ°«—πÀ≈—ß
°“√©’¥‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 14 «—π ·≈–µ√«®¬◊π¬—π‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√— „π°ÿâß
∑’Ë√Õ¥µ“¬ ‚¥¬¥Õß„ππÈ”¬“∑’Ë¥—¥·ª≈ß®“° Ÿµ√‡¥«‘¥ —π
(modified Davidson fixative) ‡æ◊ËÕµ√«®À“‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«¥â«¬«‘∏’Õ‘¡¡Ÿ‚πŒ’ ‚µ‡§¡‘ µ√’ (immunohistochemistry) µ“¡«‘∏’¢Õß ‘√‘≈—°…≥å (2545)
2. °“√„™â ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“„π°“√ªÑÕß°—π‚√§µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«„π
°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥”
2.1 °“√„™â ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“„π°“√ªÑÕß°—π‚√§µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«
„π°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥”√–¬–‚æ ∑å≈“√å«“
1.3 °“√À“§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπµË” ÿ¥¢Õ߇™◊ÕÈ ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß
1) °“√‡µ√’¬¡≈Ÿ°°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥”
¢“«∑’Ë∑”„Àâ°ÿâß∑¥≈Õßµ“¬ 100%
π” “√≈–≈“¬‰«√— ∑’ˇµ√’¬¡‰«â¡“‡®◊Õ®“ߥ⫬ “√
≈–≈“¬ LHM (Lobster Haemolymph Medium)
(Boonyaratpalin, et al., 2001) „À≥⧫“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß
·µà≈–‡™◊ÈÕ≈¥≈ߧ√—Èß≈– 10 ‡∑à“ §◊Õ §«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 10-1,
10-2, 10-3, 10-4, 10-5, 10-6, 10-7 ·≈– 10-8 π”¡“©’¥‡¢â“
°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥”∑“ß°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕª≈âÕß∑’Ë 6 §«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ≈– 3 ´È”
·µà≈–´È”„™â°ÿâß®”π«π 5 µ—« ©’¥µ—«≈– 0.2 ¡≈. ”À√—∫™ÿ¥
§«∫§ÿ¡©’¥ “√≈–≈“¬ LHM ®“°π—Èπ∫—π∑÷°Õ—µ√“°“√µ“¬
À≈—ß©’¥∑ÿ°«—𠇪ìπ‡«≈“ 10 «—π ‡æ◊ËÕÀ“√–¥—∫§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ
µË” ÿ¥∑’∑Ë ”„Àâ°ßâÿ ∑¥≈Õßµ“¬ 100% (™≈‘¥“ ·≈–§≥–, 2540)
1.4 °“√∑¥ Õ∫º≈¢Õß “√ °—¥®“° ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“„π°“√
¬—∫¬—È߇™◊ÈÕ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«
π” “√ °—¥®“° ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“¡“‡®◊Õ®“ߥ⫬ “√≈–≈“¬
LHM „Àâ ¡’ § «“¡‡¢â ¡ ¢â π µà “ ßÊ §◊ Õ 0.1, 0.05, 0.025,
0.01, 0.005 ·≈– 0.0005 ¡°./¡≈. π”¡“º ¡°—∫‡™◊ÈÕ
‰«√— §«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπµË” ÿ¥∑’Ë∑”„Àâ°ÿâß∑¥≈Õßµ“¬ 100% ´÷Ëß
‡∑à“°—∫ 10-5 „πÕ—µ√“ à«π 1:1 ∑‘È߉«â∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 25°C „π
∑’Ë¡◊¥π“π 2 ™—Ë«‚¡ß ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ “√ °—¥ÕÕ°ƒ∑∏‘Ï π”‰ª©’¥‡¢â“
°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕª≈âÕß∑’Ë 6 „π°ÿâߢπ“¥πÈ”Àπ—° 10-15 °√—¡
§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ≈– 5 ´È” ·µà≈–´È”„™â°ÿâß 5 µ—« ©’¥µ—«≈– 0.2
π”≈Ÿ°°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥”√–¬–‚æ ∑å≈“√å«“∑’Ë 10 ®“°
‚√߇擖øí ° ¢Õß ∂“π’ ‡ æ“–‡≈’È ¬ ß — µ «å πÈ” ™“¬Ωíò ß ®— ß À«— ¥
π§√»√’∏√√¡√“™¡“Õπÿ∫“≈„π∂—߉ø‡∫Õ√å°≈“ ¢π“¥ 200
≈‘µ√ ∑’Ë∫√√®ÿπÈ”∑–‡≈§«“¡‡§Á¡ 25 æ’æ’∑’ ‡æ◊ËÕª√—∫ ¿“æ
„Àâ≈Ÿ°°ÿâߧÿâπ‡§¬°—∫ ¿“æÀâÕß∑¥≈Õß ª√–¡“≥ 5 «—π ·≈–
„ÀâÕ“À“√‰¢àµÿãπ„πÕ—µ√“ 10% πÈ”Àπ—°µ—«/«—π «—π≈– 5 ¡◊ÈÕ
§◊Õ 07.00, 11.00, 15.00, 19.00 ·≈– 23.00 π.
2) °“√‡µ√’¬¡Õ“À“√‰¢àµÿãπ ”À√—∫≈Ÿ°°ÿâß√–¬–
‚æ ∑å≈“√å«“
¥—¥·ª≈ß®“°™“≠‡¥™ (2543) ‚¥¬„™â‰¢à‰°à 12
øÕß π¡ºß 20 °√—¡ πÈ” 200 ¡≈. ªíòπ„À⇢⓰—π ·∫àß
ÕÕ°‡ªìπ 3 à«π à«π∑’Ë 1 ‰¡àº ¡ ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“ à«π∑’Ë 2
º ¡ ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“·Àâß 5 °√—¡/Õ“À“√ 1 °°. à«π∑’Ë 3 º ¡
‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“·Àâß 50 °√—¡/Õ“À“√ 1 °°. 𔉪π÷Ëß 15-20
π“∑’ ®“°π—È π π”·µà ≈ – à « π‰ªºà “ πµ–·°√ß¢π“¥ 300
‰¡§√Õπ ‡°Á∫‰«â∑ÕË’ ≥
ÿ À¿Ÿ¡‘ 4°C (‰¢àµπ
ãÿ ‡µ√’¬¡„À¡à∑°ÿ 3 «—π)
3) °“√∑¥ Õ∫°“√µâ“π∑“πµàÕ‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß
¥«ß¢“«
∑¥≈ÕßÕπÿ∫“≈≈Ÿ°°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥”√–¬–‚æ ∑å≈“√å«“∑’Ë
15 „πµŸâ°√–®° ¡’ª√‘¡“µ√πÈ” 30 ≈‘µ√ ‚¥¬·∫àß°“√∑¥≈Õß
Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol.
Vol. 27 (Suppl. 1), 2005 : Aquatic Science
Application of Spirulina platensis in black tiger shrimp
Hemtanon, P., et al.
256
‡ªìπ 3 ™ÿ¥°“√∑¥≈ÕßÊ ≈– 6 ´È” (´È”≈– 100 µ—«) ¥—ßπ’È
™ÿ¥°“√∑¥≈Õß∑’Ë
1
2
3
Treatment
„ÀâÕ“À“√‰¢àµÿãπ
„ÀâÕ“À“√‰¢àµÿãπº ¡ ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“ 5 °√—¡/°°.
„ÀâÕ“À“√‰¢àµπÿã º ¡ ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“ 50 °√—¡/°°.
„ÀâÕ“À“√‰¢àµÿãπ 10% ¢ÕßπÈ”Àπ—°µ—«/«—π «—π≈– 4 ¡◊ÈÕ §◊Õ
06.00, 12.00, 16.00 ·≈– 22.00 π. ¥Ÿ¥µ–°Õπ«—π≈–
2 §√—Èß „Àâ°‘πÕ“À“√‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 3 «—π ·≈â«·™à„πµŸâ∑’Ë¡’‡™◊ÈÕ
‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ∑’Ë∑”„Àâ≈Ÿ°°ÿâßµ“¬ 50%
§◊Õ 10-2 ‡≈’ȬߵàÕ‰ªÕ’° 7 «—π π—∫®”π«π°ÿâß∑’ˇÀ≈◊Õ√Õ¥
𔉪¥Õß„π·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å 70% ‡æ◊ËÕµ√«® Õ∫°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ
¥â«¬«‘∏’∑“ßæ’´’Õ“√å (PCR)
∑¥ Õ∫§«“¡·µ°µà“ß‚¥¬«‘‡§√“–À凪Õ√凴Áπµå
Õ—µ√“°“√µ“¬¢Õß°ÿßâ §«“¡·ª√ª√«π ·≈–‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫§«“¡
·µ°µà“ߢÕß§à“‡©≈’ˬ¥â«¬«‘∏’ Duncan's multiple range
test (Steel and Torrie, 1986) ∑’Ë√–¥—∫§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ¡—Ëπ 95%
2.2 °“√„™â ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“„π°“√ªÑÕß°—π‚√§µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«
„π°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥”√–¬–«—¬√ÿàπ
1) °“√‡µ√’¬¡°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥”
π”°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥”¢π“¥ 10-15 °√—¡ ®”π«π 500
µ—« ®“°∫àÕ‡≈’¬È ߢÕß»Ÿπ¬åæ≤
— π“ª√–¡ßæ◊π
È ∑’≈Ë ¡àÿ πÈ”ª“°æπ—ß
Õ—π‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°æ√–√“™¥”√‘ ∑’˺à“π°“√ ÿࡵ√«®‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“« ‚¥¬«‘∏’æ’´’Õ“√å (PCR) ¡“æ—°„π∫àÕ´’‡¡πµå
∑’Ë∫√√®ÿπÈ”∑–‡≈‡µ√’¬¡‰«â 30 µ—𠇪ìπ‡«≈“Õ¬à“ßπâÕ¬ 5 «—π
„ÀâÕ“À“√‡¡Á¥„πÕ—µ√“ 3.5% ¢ÕßπÈ”Àπ—°µ—«/«—π «—π≈– 4
§√—Èß (7.00, 11.00, 15.00 ·≈– 19.00 π.) „ÀâÕ“°“»
µ≈Õ¥‡«≈“ °àÕπ∑¥≈Õßπ”°ÿßâ ¡“‡≈’¬È ß„πµŸ°â √–®° ´÷ßË ∫√√®ÿπÈ”
80 ≈‘µ√ µŸâ≈– 10 µ—« „ÀâÕ“À“√‡¡Á¥«—π≈– 4 §√—Èß (7.00,
11.00, 15.00 ·≈– 19.00 π.) „ÀâÕ“°“»µ≈Õ¥‡«≈“ ·≈–¡’
°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ∂à“¬πÈ”™à«ß‡™â“∑ÿ°«—π ª√–¡“≥«—π≈– 30% ‡ªìπ
‡«≈“Õ¬à“ßπâÕ¬ 3 «—π ‡æ◊ÕË ª√—∫„À⇧¬™‘π°—∫ ¿“æ°“√∑¥≈Õß
2) °“√‡µ√’¬¡Õ“À“√‡¡Á¥º ¡ ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“
‡µ√’¬¡Õ“À“√‡¡Á¥µ“¡«‘∏’°“√¢Õß∑‘æ¬å«√√≥
( 2542) §”π«≥ª√‘¡“≥‚ª√µ’π„π·µà≈– Ÿµ√Õ“À“√„Àâ
„°≈⇧’¬ß°—π
º ¡ ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“·Àâß„πÕ—µ√“ à«π 0, 0.005,
0.05, 0.5, 5 ·≈– 10 °√—¡/Õ“À“√ 1 °°. π”‡¢â“‡§√◊ËÕß
∫¥Õ—¥‡¡Á¥∑’Ë¡’¢π“¥‡ âπºà“»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß 0.2 ¡¡. 𔉪Õ∫„Àâ
·Àâß∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 60°C ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 6-10 ™—Ë«‚¡ß Õ“À“√
∑¥≈Õß®–‡°Á∫‰«â∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 4°C
3) °“√∑¥ Õ∫°“√µâ“π∑“πµàÕ‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß
¥«ß¢“«
∑¥≈Õ߇≈’¬È ß°ÿßâ °ÿ≈“¥”„πµŸ°â √–®° ¡’ª√‘¡“µ√πÈ”
80 ≈‘µ√ µŸâ≈– 10 µ—« ‚¥¬·∫àß™ÿ¥°“√∑¥≈Õ߇ªìπ 6 ™ÿ¥
°“√∑¥≈ÕßÊ ≈– 5 ´È” ¥—ßπ’È
™ÿ¥°“√∑¥≈Õß∑’Ë
1
2
3
4
5
6
Treatment
„Àâ°ÿâß°‘πÕ“À“√‡¡Á¥ª°µ‘ (™ÿ¥§«∫§ÿ¡)
„Àâ°ÿâß°‘πÕ“À“√‡¡Á¥∑’˺ ¡ ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“
0.005 °√—¡/°°.
„Àâ°ÿâß°‘πÕ“À“√‡¡Á¥∑’˺ ¡ ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“
0.05 °√—¡/°°.
„Àâ°ÿâß°‘πÕ“À“√‡¡Á¥∑’˺ ¡ ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“
0.5 °√—¡/°°.
„Àâ°ÿâß°‘πÕ“À“√‡¡Á¥∑’˺ ¡ ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“
5 °√—¡/°°.
„Àâ°ÿâß°‘πÕ“À“√‡¡Á¥∑’˺ ¡ ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“
10 °√—¡/°°.
„Àâ°ÿâß°‘πÕ“À“√„πÕ—µ√“ 3.5% ¢ÕßπÈ”Àπ—°µ—«/«—π «—π≈–
4 ¡◊ÈÕ §◊Õ‡«≈“ 06.00 12.00 16.00 ·≈– 22.00 π. ¡’
°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ∂à“¬πÈ”™à«ß‡™â“∑ÿ°«—π ª√–¡“≥«—π≈– 30%
∑¥≈Õ߇ªìπ‡«≈“ 7 «—π π”¡“∑¥ Õ∫°“√µâ“π∑“πµàÕ‡™◊ÈÕ
‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«
𔇙◊ÈÕ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«„π√–¥—∫§«“¡‡¢â¡
¢âπµË” ÿ¥∑’Ë∑”„Àâ°ÿâß∑¥≈Õßµ“¬ 100% §◊Õ 10-5 ©’¥‡¢â“
°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕª≈âÕß∑’Ë 6 ¢Õß°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥” µ—«≈– 0.2 ¡≈. À≈—ß
®“°π—π
È „Àâ°ßâÿ °‘πÕ“À“√µ“¡ª°µ‘ ∫—π∑÷°Õ—µ√“°“√µ“¬∑ÿ°«—π
À≈—ß°“√©’¥ ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 14 «—π π”§à“∑’ˉ¥â‰ª«‘‡§√“–Àå§à“
ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ°“√ªÑÕß°—π (protective efficacy) ‚¥¬„™â
Ÿµ√µ“¡ Amend (1981)
«. ߢ≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑.
ªï∑’Ë 27 (©∫—∫摇»… 1) 2548 : «“√‘™»“ µ√å
°“√„™â ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“„π°“√ªÑÕß°—π‚√§„π°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥”
ªî¬“≈—¬ ‡À¡∑“ππ∑å ·≈–§≥–
257
Protective efficacy = (1-%mortality in experiment
group) x 100
Table 1. Mortality (%) of P. monodon challenged
with WSSV using injection bioassay
method
%mortality in control group
µ√«®¬◊π¬—π‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√— „π°ÿâß∑’Ë√Õ¥µ“¬ ‚¥¬π”
¡“¥Õß„ππÈ”¬“ Modified Davidson ‡æ◊ËÕ𔉪µ√«®À“
°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÕÈ ‚¥¬«‘∏Õ’ ¡‘ ¡Ÿ‚πŒ’ ‚µ‡§¡‘ µ√’µ“¡«‘∏¢’ Õß ‘√≈‘ °— …≥å
(2545)
∑¥ Õ∫§«“¡·µ°µà“߇ªÕ√凴ÁπµåÕµ— √“°“√µ“¬
¢Õß°ÿßâ ‚¥¬«‘‡§√“–À姫“¡·ª√ª√«π ·≈–‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫§«“¡
·µ°µà“ߢÕß§à“‡©≈’¬Ë ¥â«¬«‘∏’ Duncan's multiple range test
(Steel ·≈– Torrie, 1986) ∑’Ë√–¥—∫§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ¡—Ëπ 95%
Treatment
Mortality (%)1
(No. of dead/No. of test)
LHM (Control)
WSSV (10-1)
WSSV (10-2)
WSSV (10-3)
WSSV (10-4)
WSSV (10-5)
WSSV (10-6)
WSSV (10-7)
WSSV (10-8)
0.00±0.00 (0/15)
100.00±0.00 (15/15)
100.00±0.00 (15/15)
93.33±11.55 (14/15)
100.00±0.00 (15/15)
93.33±11.55 (14/15)
53.33±46.19 (8/15)
13.33±23.09 (2/15)
0.00±0.00 (0/15)
1
º≈°“√∑¥≈Õß
1. °“√»÷°…“º≈¢Õß “√ °—¥®“° ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“ „π°“√¬—∫¬—Èß
‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«„πÀ≈Õ¥∑¥≈Õß
°“√»÷°…“º≈¢Õß “√ °—¥®“° ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“„π°“√
¬—∫¬—È߇™◊ÈÕ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«„π°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥” ‚¥¬„™â‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«√–¥—∫§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπµË” ÿ¥∑’Ë∑”„Àâ°ÿâß∑¥≈Õß
µ“¬„°≈⇧’¬ß 100% §◊Õ 10-5 (Table 1) º ¡°—∫ “√ °—¥
®“° ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“ æ∫«à“ “√ °—¥®“° ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈𓧫“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ
µË” ÿ¥∑’Ë “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—È߇™◊ÈÕ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«‰¥â §◊Õ 0.01
¡°./¡≈. °ÿâß¡’Õ—µ√“°“√µ“¬‡æ’¬ß 8±10.95% µ√«® Õ∫
Mortality (%) = (No. of dead shrimp/No. of test shrimp)
x 100
°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«„π°ÿâß∑’Ë√Õ¥µ“¬ ‚¥¬„™â«‘∏’
Õ‘¡¡Ÿ‚πŒ’ ‚µ‡§¡‘ µ√’ æ∫«à“¡’°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ 65.21% ·≈–
√–¥—∫§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ∑’Ë 0.1 ¡°./¡≈. ‰¡àæ∫°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ ´÷Ëß∑—Èß
2 ™ÿ¥°“√∑¥≈Õß¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ßÕ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘
(P<0.05) °—∫™ÿ¥§«∫§ÿ¡∑’ˉ¥â√—∫‡©æ“–‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß
¥«ß¢“«‡æ’¬ßÕ¬à“߇¥’¬« ´÷Ëß¡’Õ—µ√“°“√µ“¬ 100% ·µà‰¡à
·µ°µà“ß°—∫™ÿ¥§«∫§ÿ¡∑’‰Ë ¥â√∫— ‡©æ“– “√≈–≈“¬·Õ≈‡Œ™‡ÕÁ¡
´÷Ëß¡’Õ—µ√“°“√µ“¬ 0% ¥—ßπ—È𧫓¡‡¢â¡¢âπ∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡
¢Õß “√ °—¥„π°“√¬—∫¬—È߇™◊ÈÕ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“« §◊Õ 0.1
¡°./¡≈. (Table 2)
Table 2. Antiviral activity of S. platensis extract against WSSV in P. monodon
Treatment
WSSV 10-5 (Positive control)
LHM 1 (Negative control)
S. platensis extract 0.1 mg/ml + WSSV (10-5)
S. platensis extract 0.05 mg/ml + WSSV (10-5)
S. platensis extract 0.025 mg/ml + WSSV (10-5)
S. platensis extract 0.01 mg/ml + WSSV (10-5)
S. platensis extract 0.005 mg/ml + WSSV (10-5)
S. platensis extract 0.0005 mg/ml + WSSV (10-5)
1
Mortality (%) (No. of
dead/No. of test)
100± 0.00a (25/25)
0±0.00b (0/25)
4±8.94b (1/25)
20±14.14c (5/25)
12±17.89bc (3/25)
8±10.95bc (2/25)
100±0.00a (25/25)
100±0.00a (25/25)
WSSV infection
(%)
-
(n=0)
23
65
-
(n=13)
(n=14)
(n=0)
(n=0)
‰¡àµ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ (n=13)
‰¡àµ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ (n=13)
‰¡àµ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ (n=13)
Mortality (%) = (No. of dead shrimp/No. of test shrimp) x 100
Mean values within the same column having the same superscript are not significantly different at 95% levels.
Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol.
Vol. 27 (Suppl. 1), 2005 : Aquatic Science
Application of Spirulina platensis in black tiger shrimp
Hemtanon, P., et al.
258
2. °“√„™â ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“„π°“√ªÑÕß°—π‚√§µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«„π Õ“À“√‡¡Á¥„πÕ—µ√“ à«π 0, 0.005, 0.05, 0.5, 5 ·≈–
°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥”
10 °√—¡/Õ“À“√ 1 °°. „Àâ°ßâÿ °‘π‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 7 «—π ‡¡◊Õ
Ë ∑¥ Õ∫
°“√„™â ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈𓧫∫§ÿ¡‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«
„π≈Ÿ°°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥”√–¬–‚æ ∑å≈“√å«“ ‚¥¬°“√º ¡ ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“
·Àâß 0, 5 ·≈– 50 °√—¡/Õ“À“√‰¢àµÿãπ 1 °°. „Àâ≈Ÿ°°ÿâß°‘π
‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 3 «—π À≈—ß®“°π—Èππ”¡“∑¥ Õ∫‚¥¬°“√·™à≈Ÿ°°ÿâß
„ππÈ”∑’Ë¡’‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 10-2 ‚¥¬
≈Ÿ°°ÿßâ ∑’°Ë π‘ ‰¢àµπÿã º ¡ ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“ 5 °√—¡/°°. ¡’Õµ— √“°“√µ“¬
πâÕ¬°«à“™ÿ¥§«∫§ÿ¡Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (p<0.05)
·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ∑¥ Õ∫°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ‚¥¬«‘∏’æ’´’Õ“√åæ∫«à“™ÿ¥§«∫§ÿ¡
¡’°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÕÈ ∑—ßÈ 6 ´È” „π¢≥–∑’≈Ë °Ÿ °ÿßâ °‘π‰¢àµπÿã º ¡ ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“
5 °√—¡/°°. ‰¡àæ∫°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ∑—Èß 6 ´È” ·≈–™ÿ¥∑’Ë„À≢àµÿãπ
º ¡ ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“ 50 °√—¡/°°. æ∫°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ 1 ´È” Õ—µ√“
°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ 16.67% (Table 3)
°“√„™â ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß
¥«ß¢“«„π°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥”«—¬√ÿàπ ‚¥¬°“√º ¡ ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“·Àâß„π
‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«æ∫«à“°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥”∑’ˉ¥â√—∫Õ“À“√‡¡Á¥
º ¡ ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“ 10 °√—¡/°°. ‰¡à¡’°“√µ“¬‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ ·µ°µà“ß
®“°™ÿ¥§«∫§ÿ¡Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (p<0.05) ·≈–
ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ°“√ªÑÕß°—π‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“« 100%
(Table 4)
‡¡◊ÕË π”°ÿßâ °ÿ≈“¥”∑’√Ë Õ¥µ“¬‰ªµ√«® Õ∫°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÕÈ
‰«√— ‚¥¬«‘∏’Õ‘¡¡Ÿ‚πŒ’ ‚µ‡§¡‘ µ√’ æ∫«à“°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥”∑’ˉ¥â√—∫
Õ“À“√‡¡Á¥º ¡ ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“ 10 °√—¡/°°. ¡’Õ—µ√“°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ
‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«πâÕ¬∑’ Ë ¥ÿ √Õß≈ß¡“§◊Õ°ÿßâ °ÿ≈“¥”∑’‰Ë ¥â√∫—
Õ“À“√‡¡Á¥º ¡ ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“ 5 °√—¡/°°. (Table 4) ´÷ßË ‡π◊ÕÈ ‡¬◊ÕË
∑’µË ¥‘ ‡™◊ÕÈ µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«¡’À≈“¬ à«π ‡™àπ à«π‡Àß◊Õ° (gill)
à«π √â“߇¡Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥ (hematopoietic) °≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ (mus-cle)
·≈–‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ‡°’ˬ«æ—π (connective tissue) (Figure 1 AD) ´÷Ëß®–‡ÀÁπ à«π∑’˵‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ‡ªìπ®ÿ¥ ’πÈ”µ“≈‡¢â¡‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫
Table 3. Percent mortality and percent of WSSV infection in postlarvae challenged with WSSV
Concentration of dry S. platensis
in steamed egg (g/kg)
Mortality1
(%)
WSSV infection2
(%)
0
5
50
26.25±10.34a
13.50±8.80b
16.83±3.87ab
100 (6/6)
0 (0/6)
16.67 (1/6)
1
Mortality (%) = (No. of dead shrimp/No. of test shrimp) x 100
WSSV infection (%) = (No. of infected replication/ No. of replication) x 100
Mean values within the same column having the same superscript are not significantly different at 95% levels.
2
Table 4. Mortality, protective efficacy and WSSV infection of orally administered S. platensis
on WSSV in juvenile P. monodon
Concentration of dry S. platensis
in pellet (g/kg)
0 (Control)
0.005
0.05
0.5
5
10
Mortality (%)1
(No.of dead /No.of test)
protective
efficacy (%)
WSSV infect
(%)
60( 37.42a (30/50)
56(38.47a (28/50)
36(40.99ab (18/50)
52(37.68a (26/50)
28(38.99ab (14/50)
0(0.00b (0/50)
0.00a
6.67a
40.00ab
13.33a
53.33ab
100.00b
75.00 (n=18)
66.67 (n=18)
50.00 (n=18)
83.33 (n=18)
22.22 (n=18)
15.00 (n=20)
1
Mortality (%) = (No. of dead shrimp/No. of test shrimp) x 100
Mean values within the same column having the same superscript are not significantly different at 95% levels
«. ߢ≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑.
ªï∑’Ë 27 (©∫—∫摇»… 1) 2548 : «“√‘™»“ µ√å
259
‡∑’¬∫°—∫‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕª°µ‘ (Figure 2 A-B) ∑’ˉ¡à¡’®ÿ¥ ’πÈ”µ“≈
°“√„™â ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“„π°“√ªÑÕß°—π‚√§„π°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥”
ªî¬“≈—¬ ‡À¡∑“ππ∑å ·≈–§≥–
‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ
Figure 1. Immunohistochemistry of tissue from WSSV infected P. monodon. The dark brown
precipitate (arrow) indicates a positive reaction. (A) gill, (B) hematopoietic, (C)
muscle and (D) connective tissue. (100X)
Figure 2. Immunohistochemistry of tissue from negative control of P. monodon. Show negative
reaction. (A) gill and (B) muscle. (100X)
Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol.
Vol. 27 (Suppl. 1), 2005 : Aquatic Science
Application of Spirulina platensis in black tiger shrimp
Hemtanon, P., et al.
260
√ÿªº≈°“√»÷°…“
1. °“√»÷°…“º≈¢Õß “√ °—¥®“° ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“ „π°“√¬—∫¬—Èß
‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«„πÀ≈Õ¥∑¥≈Õß
„πªí®®ÿ∫—π‰¥â¡’√“¬ß“π∑“ß«‘∑¬“»“ µ√凰’ˬ«°—∫
“√ °—¥®“°æ◊™µà“ßÊ ∑’Ë¡’ƒ∑∏‘Ï„π°“√µâ“π‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√— ‡™àπ
øŸ§Õ¬·¥π (fucoidan) ´÷Ë߇ªìπ “√°≈ÿà¡´—≈‡øµ ‚æ≈’·´§§“√å‰√¥å °—¥‰¥â®“° “À√à“¬ ’π”È µ“≈ ™◊ÕË «à“ Cladosiphon
okamuranus “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡æ‘Ë¡®”π«π¢Õ߉«√— ™π‘¥
∑’Ë¡’‡ª≈◊Õ°Àÿâ¡ ‰¥â·°à ‰«√— ‚√§‡√‘¡ (herpes simplex virus,
HSV) ‰«√— ‚√§§“ß∑Ÿ¡ (human cytomegalo virus, HCM)
·≈–‰«√— ‡Õ¥ å (human immunodeficiency virus, HIV)
‡ªìπµâπ ‚¥¬¡’°≈‰°¬—∫¬—È߉«√— „π√–¬–∑’ˉ«√— ¡’°“√‡™◊ËÕ¡µ‘¥
°—∫º‘«‡´≈≈å (adsorption) (Baba, et al., 1988) ·≈–´—≈‚ø‰≈ªî¥ (Sulfolipid) ´÷Ë߇ªìπ “√„π°≈ÿà¡°√¥‰¢¡—π (fatty
acid) ´÷Ëß °—¥‰¥â®“°·æ≈ß°åµÕπæ◊™ ™◊ËÕ«à“ Lyngbya
lagerheimii ·≈– Phormidium tenue “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—È߉«√— ‚√§‡Õ¥ 剥â (Gustafson, et al., 1989) ‡ªìπµâπ ®“°
°“√∑¥≈Õߧ√—Èßπ’Èæ∫«à“ “√ °—¥®“° ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“¡’º≈¬—∫¬—Èß
‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“« Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫º≈°“√∑¥≈ÕߢÕß
Hayashi ·≈–§≥– (1993) ∑’æ
Ë ∫«à“ “√ °—¥®“° ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“
“¡“√∂¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ¢Õ߉«√— ‡Õ¥ å ‰«√— ‚√§‡√‘¡
‰«√— ‰¢âÀ«—¥„À≠à ™π‘¥ A (Influenza A virus) ‰«√— ‚√§
§“ß∑Ÿ¡ ·≈–‰«√— ‚√§À—¥ (Measles virus) ´÷Ë߉«√— ‡À≈à“π’È
‡ªìπ‰«√— ™π‘¥∑’Ë¡’‡ª≈◊Õ°Àÿâ¡ (Enveloped virus) ‡™àπ‡¥’¬«
°—∫‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“« (®‘√“æ√ ·≈–§≥–, 2538) πÕ°
®“°π’È Ayehunie ·≈–§≥– (1998) ‰¥â√“¬ß“π«à“ “√ °—¥
πÈ”®“° ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“ “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—È߇™◊ÈÕ‰«√— ‡Õ¥ å „π à«π¢Õß
∑’‡´≈≈å (T-cell) ·≈– à«π√Õ∫πÕ°¢Õ߇¡Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥ (peripheral blood mononuclear cells, PMBC) ‰¥â ‚¥¬ “√
°—¥∑’‰Ë ¥â®“° ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“∑’¡Ë º’ ≈¬—∫¬—ßÈ ‰«√— ‡√’¬°«à“ ·§≈‡´’¬¡
‰ª√Ÿ·≈π (calcium spirulan) ‡ªìπ‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈πÈ”µ“≈‚æ≈’·´§§“‰√¥å ´÷Ëߪ√–°Õ∫‰ª¥â«¬ ·√¡‚π (rhamnose)
‰√‚∫ (ribose) ·¡π‚π (manose) ø√ÿ§‚µ (fructose)
°“·≈§‚µ (galactose) ‰´‚≈ (xylose) °≈Ÿ‚§ (glucose)
°√¥°≈Ÿ §‘ « ‚√π‘ § (glucuronic acid) °“·≈§∑Ÿ ‚ √π‘ §
(galacturonic) ´—≈‡øµ (sulfate) ·≈–‡‡§≈‡´’¬¡ (calcium)
πÕ°®“°π’È ·§≈‡´’¬¡ ‰ª√Ÿ·≈π¡’πÈ”Àπ—°‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈‚¥¬
ª√–¡“≥‡∑à“°—∫ 2.6 x 105 ·≈– 3.1 x 105 µ“¡≈”¥—∫‡¡◊ËÕ
„™â«‘∏’ gel filtration ·≈– light scattering (Hayashi and
Hayashi, 1996) ‚¥¬ Ayehunie ·≈–§≥– (1998) ‰¥â
Õ∏‘∫“¬°≈‰°„π°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß “√ °—¥·§≈‡´’¬¡ ‰ª√Ÿ·≈π
‰«â«“à °“√‡¢â“‡°“–¢Õ߉«√— ®–‡¢â“‡°“–∑’‡Ë ¬◊ÕË Àÿ¡â ‡´≈≈å ·µà‡¡◊ÕË
¡’ “√ °—¥®“° ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈𓉫√— ®÷߉¡à “¡“√∂‡®“–ºà“π‡¬◊ÕË Àÿ¡â
‡´≈≈å ∑”„À≫√— ‰¡à “¡“√∂‡æ‘Ë¡®”π«π‰¥â „π¢—Èπ ÿ¥∑⓬
®–∂Ÿ°°”®—¥‚¥¬°≈‰°°“√ªÑÕß°—π‚¥¬∏√√¡™“µ‘¢Õß√à“ß°“¬
πÕ°®“°π’È Ayehunie ·≈–§≥– (1998) ‰¥â√“¬ß“π°≈‰°
°“√¬—∫¬—È߉«√— ‡Õ¥ å¢Õß “√ °—¥®“° ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“ ‚¥¬ à«π
¢Õß‚æ≈’·´§§“‰√¥å (polysaccharide) ‡™◊ËÕ¡°—∫ à«π´’¥’ 4
(CD4) ¢Õ߇´≈≈å ∑”„Àâ à«π®’æ’ 120 (gp120) ¢Õ߉«√— ‡Õ¥ å ™π‘¥ 1 ‰¡à “¡“√∂®—∫°—∫ à«π¢Õß´’¥’ 4 ∫πº‘«‡´≈≈å
‰¥â “√ °—¥ ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“®÷ß¡’ª√–‚¬™πå„π°“√√—°…“·≈–™à«¬
¬◊¥√–¬–°“√√—°…“ºŸâªÉ«¬‡Õ¥ åÕÕ°‰ª‰¥â
®“°°“√»÷°…“§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß “√ °—¥®“° ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“„π°“√¬—∫¬—È߇™◊ÈÕ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«„π°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥” æ∫
«à“ §«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß “√ °—¥ 0.1 ¡°./¡≈. °ÿâß¡’Õ—µ√“°“√
µ“¬‡©≈’ˬ 4% ´÷Ëß¡’§à“µË”°«à“‡¡◊ËÕ‡∑’¬∫°—∫§à“§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ
¢Õß “√ °—¥®“°„∫¡–¡à«ß‡¢’¬«‡ «¬∂÷ß 100 ‡∑à“ (10 ¡°./
¡≈.) (™≈‘¥“ ·≈–§≥–, 2540) ·≈–®“°°“√»÷°…“¢Õß
Ë ∫«à“ “√ °—¥®“°µâπÀ≠â“„µâ„∫
∂“æ√ ·≈–§≥– (2540) ∑’æ
(Phyllanthus urinaria) §«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 1 ¡°./¡≈. “¡“√∂
¬—∫¬—ßÈ ‡™◊ÕÈ ‰¥â 100% ∑—ßÈ π’ÕÈ “®‡π◊ÕË ß¡“®“°«‘∏°’ “√ °—¥µà“ß°—π
∂÷ß·¡â«“à “√ °—¥ ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“∑’§Ë «“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 0.01 ·≈– 0.025
¡°./¡≈. ®– “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—È߇™◊ÈÕ‰«√— ‰¥â‡™àπ°—π ·µà‡¡◊ËÕµ√«®
°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ„π°ÿâß∑’Ë√Õ¥µ“¬ ‚¥¬«‘∏’Õ‘¡¡Ÿ‚πŒ’ ‚µ‡§¡‘ µ√’
æ∫«à“¡’Õ—µ√“°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√— 22.72 ·≈– 65.21% µ“¡
≈”¥—∫ „π¢≥–∑’Ë√–¥—∫§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß “√ °—¥ 0.1 ¡°./
¡≈. ‰¡àæ∫°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÕÈ ·µàÕ¬à“ß„¥ ´÷ßË π—∫«à“‡ªì𧫓¡‡¢â¡¢âπ
∑’ªË ≈Õ¥¿—¬·≈–‡À¡“– ¡∑’π
Ë ”‰ª„™â„π°“√ªÑÕß°—π°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÕÈ
‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“« ‡æ√“–„π°≈ÿà¡∑’Ëæ∫°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ„π°ÿâß∑’Ë
√Õ¥µ“¬ Õ“®°≈“¬‡ªìπæ“À–π”‚√§µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«‰¥â„π
Õ𓧵 ‡™àπ°“√»÷°…“¢Õß Muroga ·≈– Nishizawa
(2001) æ∫«à“°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥”∑’Ë√Õ¥µ“¬®“°ø“√å¡∑’ˇ°‘¥‚√§µ—«
·¥ß¥«ß¢“«√–∫“¥ ‡¡◊ÕË π”¡“∑”„À⇰‘¥§«“¡‡§√’¬¥ ®–‡ªìπ
‚√§µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«Õ’°§√—ÈßÀπ÷Ëß
«. ߢ≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑.
ªï∑’Ë 27 (©∫—∫摇»… 1) 2548 : «“√‘™»“ µ√å
261
°“√¬—∫¬—ßÈ ‡™◊ÕÈ ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«¢Õß “√ °—¥®“°
‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“ ‰¡à‰¥â‡°‘¥®“°§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘§«“¡‡ªìπ°√¥¥à“ßÀ√◊Õ
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘¢Õß “√ °—¥ ´÷Ëß®“°°“√»÷°…“ Chang ·≈–§≥–
(1998) æ∫«à“ªí®®—¬∑’Ë¡’º≈µàÕ°“√ÕÕ°ƒ∑∏‘Ï¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ‰«√— µ—«
·¥ß¥«ß¢“« ‡™àπ À“°‰«√— Õ¬Ÿà∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 55oC ‡ªìπ‡«≈“
90 π“∑’ ®–∑”„À⇙◊ÈÕÀ¡¥ƒ∑∏‘Ï ´÷Ëß„π°“√∑¥≈Õߧ√—Èßπ’ȉ¥â
∫ࡇ™◊ÈÕ‰«√— °—∫ “√ °—¥∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 25oC ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 60 π“∑’
¥—ßπ—ÈπÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘·≈–‡«≈“∑’Ë„™â„π§√—Èßπ’È®÷߉¡à¡’º≈„π°“√∑”„Àâ
‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√— À¡¥ƒ∑∏‘Ï πÕ°®“°π’ÈÀ“°‡™◊ÈÕÕ¬Ÿà„π ¿“«–∑’Ë¡’
§«“¡‡ªìπ°√¥¥à“ß 3 ·≈– 12 ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 1 ™—Ë«‚¡ß ·≈–
10 π“∑’ µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ÀâÕß®–¡’º≈„À⇙◊ÈÕÀ¡¥ƒ∑∏‘Ï
‡™àπ°—π ·µà„π°“√∑¥≈Õߧ√—Èßπ’È«—¥§«“¡‡ªìπ°√¥¥à“ߢÕß
“√ °—¥‰¥â 6-7 ¥—ßπ—È𧫓¡‡ªìπ°√¥¥à“ߢÕß “√ °—¥®÷ß
‰¡à¡’º≈„π°“√∑”„À≫√— À¡¥ƒ∑∏‘Ï
2. °“√„™â ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“„π°“√ªÑÕß°—π‚√§µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«„π
°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥”
®“°°“√∑¥≈Õߢâ“ßµâπ æ∫«à“ “√ °—¥®“° ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“
“¡“√∂¬—∫¬—È߇™◊ÈÕ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«„πÀ≈Õ¥∑¥≈Õß ®÷ß
‰¥â∑¥≈Õßπ” ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“¡“„™âº ¡Õ“À“√ ‚¥¬„™â„π√Ÿª ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“·Àâß ‡π◊ËÕß®“°°“√À“°π” ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“¡“„™â„π√Ÿª “√
°—¥ ®–∑”„Àâµπâ ∑ÿπ°“√º≈‘µ Ÿß ·≈–‡°…µ√°√𔉪„™â‰¥â¬“°
„π°“√Õπÿ∫“≈°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥”√–¬–‚æ ∑å≈“√å«“ ‰¥â„™â ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“
º ¡Õ“À“√‰¢àµπÿã æ∫«à“ “¡“√∂„™â ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“„π°“√ªÑÕß°—π
°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«‰¥â ‚¥¬‡¡◊ËÕµ√«® Õ∫°“√
µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“« ‚¥¬«‘∏’∑“ßæ’´’Õ“√å æ∫«à“≈Ÿ°°ÿâß
∑’Ë„À≢àµÿãπº ¡ ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“ 5 °√—¡/°°. ‰¡à¡’°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ „π
¢≥–∑’Ë≈Ÿ°°ÿâß„π™ÿ¥§«∫§ÿ¡¡’°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√— ∑—Èß 6 ´È” ·≈–
°“√∑’Ë™ÿ¥∑¥≈Õß∑’Ë„À≢àµÿãπ 50 °√—¡/°°. ¡’°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ 1
´È” Õ“®‡°‘¥®“°º≈¢Õß·§≈‡´’¬¡„𠉪√Ÿ‰≈π“∑’¡Ë “°‡°‘π‰ª
®“°√“¬ß“π¢Õß Belay (1997) æ∫«à“„𠉪√Ÿ‰≈π“·Àâß
100 °√—¡ ®–¡’·§≈‡´’¬¡ 700 ¡°. ´÷Ëß®“°°“√∑¥≈ÕߢÕß
Gollas-Galvan ·≈–§≥– ( 1997 ) æ∫«à “ ª√‘ ¡ “≥
·§≈‡´’¬¡∑’ˇæ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ®–¡’º≈µàÕ√–∫∫‚ª√øïπÕ≈ÕÕ°´‘‡¥ (Prophenoloxidase Activating System) „π‡≈◊Õ¥°ÿâß
’πÈ”µ“≈ (Penaeus californiensis, Holmes) ‚¥¬§«“¡
«àÕ߉«¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡åøïπÕ≈ÕÕ°´‘‡¥ ®–≈¥≈ß ∑”„Àâ°ÿâß¡’
‚Õ°“ µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ‰¥âßà“¬¢÷Èπ
°“√„™â ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“„π°“√ªÑÕß°—π‚√§„π°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥”
ªî¬“≈—¬ ‡À¡∑“ππ∑å ·≈–§≥–
°“√„™â ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“º ¡„πÕ“À“√‡¡Á¥„Àâ°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥”
√–¬–«—¬√ÿàπ°‘π „πÕ—µ√“ à«π 10 °√—¡/°°. ‰¡à¡’°“√µ“¬
‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ ·µ°µà“ß®“°™ÿ¥§«∫§ÿ¡Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘
(p<0.05) ·≈–ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ°“√ªÑÕß°—π‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß
¥«ß¢“« 100% ·≈–‡¡◊ÕË π”°ÿßâ °ÿ≈“¥”∑’√Ë Õ¥µ“¬‰ªµ√«® Õ∫
°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√— ‚¥¬«‘∏’Õ‘¡¡Ÿ‚πŒ’ ‚µ‡§¡‘ µ√’ æ∫«à“¡’Õ—µ√“
°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«πâÕ¬∑’Ë ÿ¥ ´÷Ë߇¡◊ËÕ§‘¥‡ªìπ
πÈ”Àπ—°¢Õß “√ °—¥„𠉪√Ÿ‰≈π“ ®–¡’§à“‡∑à“°—∫ 1.2 °√—¡
‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫°“√»÷°…“¢Õß≈‘≈“ ·≈–§≥– (2543) ∑’Ë„™â
“√ °—¥®“°æ≠“¬Õº ¡„πÕ“À“√„Àâ°ÿâß°‘π„πÕ—µ√“ à«π 1
°√—¡/Õ“À“√ 1 °°. ∑’Ë¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ°“√ªÑÕß°—π°“√µ‘¥
‡™◊ÕÈ ‡ªìπ 33.33% ·≈â«æ∫«à“°“√„™â ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ
„π°“√ªÑÕß°—π°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ‰¥â¥’°«à“ ®“°°“√»÷°…“¢Õß
Takahashi ·≈–§≥– (1998) æ∫«à“øŸ§Õ¬·¥π‡ªìπ “√
°≈ÿà¡´—≈‡øµ ‚æ≈’·´§§“‰√¥å ‚¥¬ °—¥‰¥â®“° “À√à“¬ ’
πÈ”µ“≈™◊ÕË «à“ Cladosiphon okamuranus “¡“√∂§«∫§ÿ¡
‚√§µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«„π°ÿâߧÿ√ÿ¡“‰¥â ‚¥¬„™â„πÕ—µ√“ à«π 60
·≈– 50 ¡°./πÈ”Àπ—°°ÿâß 1 °°. ´÷Ëß°≈‰°°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß
“√µ—«π’È ®–‰ª¬—∫¬—È߉¡à„À≫√— ‡¢â“‡°“–µ‘¥∫πº‘«‡´≈≈å
·≈–®“°°“√»÷°…“¢Õß Hayashi ·≈– Hayashi (1996)
æ∫«à“ “√ °—¥®“° ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“∑’ˬ—∫¬—È߇™◊ÈÕ‰«√— °Á‡ªìπ “√
°≈ÿà¡´—≈‡øµ ‚æ≈’·´§§“‰√¥å ‡™àπ°—π Ayehunie ·≈–§≥–
(1998) ‰¥â»°÷ …“‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°“√„™â “√ °—¥®“° ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“
„π°“√¬—∫¬—È߇™◊ÈÕ‰«√— ‡Õ¥ å (HIV-1) √–À«à“ß°“√∑’ˇ´≈≈å
‰¥â√—∫‡™◊ÈÕ°àÕπ‰¥â√—∫ “√ °—¥ °“√∑’ˇ™◊ÈÕ‰¥â√—∫ “√ °—¥°àÕπ
∑’Ë®–‡¢â“ Ÿà‡´≈≈å ·≈–°“√∑’ˇ´≈≈剥â√—∫ “√ °—¥°àÕπ‰¥â√—∫‡™◊ÈÕ
æ∫«à “ °“√¬— ∫ ¬—È ß ‰«√— „π‡´≈≈å ® –‰¥â º ≈¥’ °Á µà Õ ‡¡◊Ë Õ ‡´≈≈å ¡’
‚Õ°“ ‰¥â√—∫ “√ °—¥·§≈‡´’¬¡ ‰ª√Ÿ·≈π°àÕπ∑’Ë®–‰¥â√—∫
‡™◊ÕÈ ‰«√— ´÷ßË Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫°“√∑¥≈Õߧ√—ßÈ π’È §◊Õ °“√ªÑÕß°—π
°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“« ‰¥âº≈¥’°«à“§◊ÕµâÕß„Àâ°ÿâß
°ÿ≈“¥”‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√º ¡ ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈𓵑¥µàÕ°—π°àÕπ∑’Ë®–‰¥â√—∫
‡™◊ÈÕ ‚¥¬¡’°≈‰°¢Õß “√°≈ÿà¡´—≈‡øµ ‚æ≈’·´§§“‰√¥å‡¢â“
¬—∫¬—ßÈ ‰«√— ∑’®Ë –‡¢â“‡°“–‡´≈≈å¢Õß°ÿßâ °ÿ≈“¥”‡ªìπº≈„Àâ “¡“√∂
ªÑÕß°—π°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«‰¥â
°“√∑’Ë®–π” ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“¡“„™âº ¡„πÕ“À“√‡≈’Ȭ߰ÿâß
°ÿ≈“¥”‡æ◊ËÕªÑÕß°—π‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“« µâÕߧ”π÷ß∂÷ßªí®®—¬
µà“ßÊ ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷È𠇙àπ Õ“À“√ ·≈–§ÿ≥¿“æπÈ” (§«“¡‡ªìπ
°√¥¥à“ß ª√‘¡“≥ÕÕ°´‘‡®π≈–≈“¬πÈ” §«“¡‡ªìπ¥à“ß
Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol.
Vol. 27 (Suppl. 1), 2005 : Aquatic Science
Application of Spirulina platensis in black tiger shrimp
Hemtanon, P., et al.
262
§«“¡‚ª√àß· ß ·≈–Õ◊ËπÊ) ‡ªìπµâπ ‡æ√“–°“√∑¥≈Õߧ√—Èßπ’È
‰¥â∑¥≈Õß„π ¿“«–∑’Ë “¡“√∂§«∫§ÿ¡ªí®®—¬µà“ßÊ ‰¥â ‡™àπ
§ÿ≥¿“æÕ“À“√ ·≈–§ÿ≥¿“æπÈ” ´÷ËßÕ“®®–‰¡à‡À¡◊Õπ°—∫
¿“æ°“√‡≈’Ȭ߮√‘ß∑’ˉ¡à “¡“√∂§«∫§ÿ¡ªí®®—¬ ‰¥â∑ÿ°Õ¬à“ß
√–¬–‡«≈“°“√‡°Á∫‡°’¬Ë «·≈–™π‘¥¢Õߪÿ¬Ü ∑’„Ë ™â‡≈’¬È ß ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“
Õ“®¡’º≈µàÕª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π°“√¬—∫¬—È߉«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«
·µ°µà“ß°—π‰¥â ‡™àπ °“√∑¥ Õ∫¢Õß Unander ·≈–§≥–
(1990 Õâ“ß‚¥¬ ∂“æ√ ·≈–§≥–, 2540) æ∫«à“ “√ °—¥∑’Ë
‰¥â®“°À≠â“„µâ„∫ (Phyllanthus urinaria) ∑’ˉ¥â√—∫ªÿܬ¡’
ƒ∑∏‘Ϭ—∫¬—È߉«√— Ÿß‡ªìπ 2 ‡∑à“ ¢ÕßÀ≠â“„µâ„∫∑’˪≈Ÿ°„π·À≈àß
∑’‰Ë ¡à„™âª¬ÿÜ ®÷ߧ«√¡’°“√»÷°…“‡æ‘¡Ë ‡µ‘¡„π à«ππ’¥È «â ¬ πÕ°®“°
π’È ‘Ëß∑’˧«√§”π÷ß∂÷ßÕ’°Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷Ëß §◊Õµâπ∑ÿπ ‡π◊ËÕß®“° ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“·Àâ߇°√¥ ”À√—∫ —µ«å∑’Ë¡’¢“¬µ“¡∑âÕßµ≈“¥ √“§“
ª√–¡“≥ 400-600 ∫“∑/°°. ´÷ËßÀ“°„™âµ“¡Õ—µ√“ à«π∑’Ë
‰¥â®“°°“√∑¥≈Õߧ√—Èßπ’È §◊Õ 10 °√—¡/Õ“À“√ 1 °°. ®–
∑”„Àâ√“§“Õ“À“√°ÿâß¡’µâπ∑ÿπ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ 4-6 ∫“∑ ¥—ßπ—ÈπÀ“°
®–π” ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“¡“„™â §«√»÷°…“°“√≈¥µâπ∑ÿπ°“√º≈‘µ
‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“ ‡™àπ °“√‡≈’È¬ß ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“„ππÈ”∑‘Èß®“°‚√ßß“π
Õÿµ “À°√√¡ ( √«‘», 2543)
°‘µµ‘°√√¡ª√–°“»
ß“π«‘®—¬‡√◊ËÕßπ’ȇªìπ à«πÀπ÷ËߢÕß«‘∑¬“π‘æπ∏å‡√◊ËÕß
"º≈¢Õß “√µâ“π‰«√— ·≈– “√µâ“π·∫§∑’‡√’¬®“° ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“
(Spirulina platensis) „π°“√ªÑÕß°—π‚√§µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ®“°‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“« ·≈– Vibrio harveyi „π°ÿßâ °ÿ≈“¥”" ´÷ßË
‰¥â √— ∫ °“√ π— ∫ πÿ π ß∫°“√«‘ ®— ¬ ®“°∑ÿ π Õÿ ¥ Àπÿ π °“√∑”
«‘ ∑ ¬“π‘æπ∏å∫—≥±‘µ»÷°…“ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬«≈—¬≈—°…≥å ·≈–
»Ÿπ¬åæ—π∏ÿ«‘»«°√√¡·≈–‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’·Ààß™“µ‘ (BT-B-06-50— ™‘πÈ π’ È ”‡√Á®≈ÿ≈«à ߉ª¥â«¬¥’ ¢Õ¢Õ∫§ÿ≥
48-443) ∑”„Àâß“π«‘®¬
§ÿ≥«’√– ‡®√‘≠æ—°µ√å À—«Àπâ“ ∂“π’‡æ“–‡≈’È¬ß —µ«åπÈ”
™“¬Ωíòßπ§√»√’∏√√¡√“™ ·≈– §ÿ≥æ‘…≥ÿ π“Õπ—πµå
ºŸâÕ”π«¬°“√»Ÿπ¬åæ—≤π“ ª√–¡ßæ◊Èπ∑’Ë≈ÿà¡πÈ”ª“°æπ—ß Õ—π
‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°æ√–√“™¥”√‘ ∑’ËÕπÿ‡§√“–Àåæ—π∏ÿå°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥” ¢Õ
¢Õ∫§ÿ≥ §ÿ≥Õ√«√√≥ ∫ÿµ√¥’ §≥– —µ«·æ∑¬»“ µ√å
¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å «‘∑¬“‡¢µ°”·æß· π∑’„Ë À⧫“¡
Õπÿ‡§√“–Àå„π°“√µ√«® Õ∫¥â“π‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ·≈–°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ
‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«
‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß
®‘√“æ√ ‡°…√®—π∑√å ‘∑∏‘ ∫ÿ≥¬√—µº≈‘π ‡√«—µ√ §ßª√–¥‘…∞å
·≈– Õÿ…≥’¬å ‡Õ°ª≥‘∏“πæß»å. 2538. ‰«√— √Ÿª·∑àß “‡Àµÿ
¢Õß‚√§µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«„π°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥”. ‡Õ° “√«‘™“°“√
©∫—∫∑’Ë 3/2538. ∂“∫—π«‘®—¬°“√‡æ“–‡≈’È¬ß —µ«åπÈ”™“¬Ωíòß,
ߢ≈“. 10 π.
™≈‘¥“ ™¡“ππ∑å ¡¿æ √ÿßà ÿ¿“ ·≈– «’≥“ ‡§¬æÿ¥´“. 2540.
°“√»÷ ° …“ƒ∑∏‘Ï ¢ Õß “√ °— ¥ ®“°„∫¡–¡à « ßµà Õ ‡™◊È Õ ‰«√— À—«‡À≈◊Õß ·≈–‡™◊ÈÕ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«„π°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥”,
®ÿÓ≈ß°√≥å¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬, °√ÿ߇∑æœ. 41 π.
™“≠‡¥™ «—ß –«‘∫Ÿ≈¬å. 2543. º≈¢Õß°“√„™â§≈Õ‡√≈≈“„π°“√
Õπÿ∫“≈≈Ÿ°°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥”√–¬–‚æ ∑å≈“√å«“ (æ’ 5-æ’ 15) ∑’Ë„Àâ
Õ“À“√¡’™«’ µ‘ ·≈–‰¡à¡™’ «’ µ‘ .«‘∑¬“π‘æπ∏åª√‘≠≠“¡À“∫—≥±‘µ
“¢“°“√‡æ“–‡≈’È¬ß §≥–ª√–¡ß ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å, °√ÿ߇∑æœ.
∑‘æ¬å«√√≥ ª√‘æ—≤π“ππ∑å. 2542. ·π«∑“ß°“√º≈‘µÕ“À“√°ÿâß
¥â«¬µ—«‡Õß °“√‡µ√’¬¡·≈–‡∑§π‘§°“√„ÀâÕ“À“√°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥”.
π. 21-26. „π ‡Õ° “√ª√–°Õ∫°“√ —¡¡π“«‘™“°“√
¡À“«‘ ∑ ¬“≈— ¬ «≈— ¬ ≈— ° …≥å · ≈–»Ÿ π ¬å æ— π ∏ÿ «‘ » «°√√¡·≈–
‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ™’«¿“æ·Ààß™“µ‘, π§√»√’∏√√¡√“™.
∏‘¥“ ‡æ™√¡≥’. 2542. §Ÿà¡◊ժؑ∫—µ‘°“√°“√Õπÿ∫“≈≈Ÿ°°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥”
‚¥¬‰¡à„™âÕ“√å∑’‡¡’¬. ∂“∫—π«‘®—¬°“√‡æ“–‡≈’È¬ß —µ«åπÈ”
™“¬Ωíòß, ߢ≈“. 12 π.
≈‘≈“ ‡√◊Õß·ªÑπ ∂“æ√ ¥‘‡√°∫ÿ…√“§¡ ‡¬“«π‘µ¬å ¥π¬¥≈
∏‘¥“ ‡æ™√¡≥’ ¬ß¬ÿ∑∏ ª√’¥“≈—¡¿–∫ÿµ√ ·≈– ®‘µ‡°…¡
®— π ∑√å ºà Õ ß. 2543. ª√– ‘ ∑ ∏‘ ¿ “æ·≈–º≈°√–∑∫¢Õß
°“√„™âæ≠“¬Õ (Clinacanthus nutants) ªÑÕß°—π‚√§
‰«√— „π°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥”. π. 15. „π ∫∑§—¥¬àÕ°“√ª√–™ÿ¡
—¡¡π“«‘™“°“√ª√–®”ªï 2543 °Õ߇擖‡≈’È¬ß —µ«åπÈ”
™“¬Ωíòß °√¡ª√–¡ß °√–∑√«ß‡°…µ√·≈– À°√≥å,
°√ÿ߇∑æœ.
∂“æ√ ¥‘‡√°∫ÿ…√“§¡ ‡§√◊Õ«—≈¬å ÕàÕπ∑Õß ¡æ√ √ÿàß°”‡π‘¥«ß»å ·≈– π‘æ—∑∏å ‚™µ‘°“√. 2540. ƒ∑∏‘Ï¢Õß “√ °—¥®“°
¡ÿ π ‰æ√∫“ß™π‘ ¥ µà Õ ‡™◊È Õ ‰«√— ∑’Ë ∑”„Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ ‚√§µ— « ·¥ß
¥«ß¢“«„π°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥”. π. 145-150. „π °“√ª√–™ÿ¡
«‘™“°“√¢Õß¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å §√—Èß∑’Ë 35 “¢“
ª√–¡ß «‘∑¬“»“ µ√å «‘»«°√√¡»“ µ√å §À°√√¡»“ µ√å
°“√®—¥°“√∑√—欓°√·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ »÷°…“»“ µ√å ·≈–
‡»√…∞»“ µ√å, 3-5 °ÿ¡¿“æ—π∏å 2540. ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬
‡°…µ√»“ µ√å, °√ÿ߇∑æœ.
√«‘» ‡ºà“∑Õß»ÿ¢. 2543. “À√à“¬: »—°¬¿“æ°“√«‘®—¬·≈–
æ—≤π“‡æ◊ËÕ°“√„™âª√–‚¬™π宓° “À√à“¬„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬.
‚√ßæ‘¡æå·Ààß®ÿÓ≈ß°√≥å¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬, °√ÿ߇∑æœ. 356 π.
«. ߢ≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑.
ªï∑’Ë 27 (©∫—∫摇»… 1) 2548 : «“√‘™»“ µ√å
263
‘ √‘ ≈— ° …≥å ‡®√‘ ≠ º≈. 2545. °“√‚§≈π¬’ π ·≈–º≈‘ µ ‚ª√µ’ π
‚§√ß √â“ß à«π ”§—≠¢Õ߇™◊ÈÕ‰«√— µ—«·¥ß¥«ß¢“«„π°ÿâß
°ÿ≈“¥”. «‘∑¬“π‘æπ∏åª√‘≠≠“¡À“∫—≥±‘µ “¢“æ—π∏ÿ«‘»«°√√¡¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å, °√ÿ߇∑æœ.
Amend, D.F. 1981. Potency testing of fish vaccine.
International symposium on fish biologics:
Serodiagnostics and vaccines. Developments in
Biological Standardization. 49: 447-454.
Ayehunie, S., Belay, A., Hu, Y., Baba, T. and Ruprecht,
R. 1998. Inhibition of HIV-1 replication by an
aqueous extract of Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira
platensis). J. Acq. Imm. Def. Synd. and Hum.
Retr. 18: 7-12.
Baba, M., Snoeck, R., Pauwels, R. and de Clercq, E.
1988. Sulfated polysaccharides are potent and
selective inhibitors of various enveloped viruses,
including herpes simplex virus, human cytomegalo
virus and human immunodeficiency virus. Antimicrobe Agents Chemother 32: 1742-1745.
Belay, A. 1997. Mass culture of Spirulina outdoors.
The Earthrise farm experience. pp. 131-158. In
Von Shak, A. (ed.), Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira): Physiology, cell-biology and Biotechnology. Taylor and Francis. London, England.
Boonyaratapalin, M., Supamattaya, K., Verakunpiriya,
V. and Suprasert, D. 2001. Effect of alfatoxin B1
on growth performance, blood components, immune function and histopathological changes in
black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon Fabricus).
Aquacult. Res. 32: 388-394.
Chang, P.S., Chen, L.J. and Wang, Y.C. 1998. The effect
of ultraviolet irradiation, pH, ozone, salinity and
chemical disinfectants on the infectivity of white
spot syndrome baculovirus. J. of Aquacult. 166:
1-17.
Gollas-Galvan, T., Jorge, H.L. and Francisco, V.A.
1997. Effect of calcium on the prophenoloxidase
system activation of the brown Shrimp (Penaeus
californiensis, Holmes). Comparative Biochem.
and Physio. 117A (3): 419-425.
Gustafson, K., Carellina, J.H., and Fuller, R.W. 1989.
AIDS-anti-viral sulfolipids from cyanobacteria
°“√„™â ‰ª√Ÿ‰≈π“„π°“√ªÑÕß°—π‚√§„π°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥”
ªî¬“≈—¬ ‡À¡∑“ππ∑å ·≈–§≥–
(blue green algae). J. the National Cancer Institute
81 : 1254-1258.
Hayashi, K., Hayashi, T., Morita, N. and Kojma, I. 1993.
An extract from Spirulina platensis is a selective
inhibitor of herpes simplex virus type 1 penetration into hela cells. Phytotherapy Research. 7:
76-80.
Hayashi, T. and Hayashi, K. 1996. Calcium spirulan,
an inhibitor of enveloped virus replication, from
blue-green alga Spirulina platensis. J. Natural
Products. 59: 83-87.
Herunsalee, A. and Direkbusarakom, S. 1993. Investigation on the bioactive thai medicinal plants to
virus in tiger prawn. pp. 104-106. In Menasavet,
P. (ed.), Proceed-ings of Conference on Marine
Biotechnology in the Asian Pacific Region 16-20
November 1993, Bangkok, Thailand.
Hills, C. 1980. It would be the Manna from Heven; New
Food and New Aspirations Food from Sunlight,
King Sport Press, pp 322-334.
Muroga, K. and Nishizawa, T. 2001. Quasi-immune
response in kuruma prawn to penaeid rod-shaped
DNA virus (PRDV). p. 51-64. In Proceedings
of the JSPS-NRCT: International Symposium on
Sustainable Shrimp Culture and Health Management Disease and Environment 30 Sep 2001.
Tokyo University of Fisheries.
Nakamura, H. 1982. Spirulina Food for Hungry World,
a Pioneer's story in aquaculture. University of the
Trees Press, Boulder Creek, California. 215 p.
Takahashi, Y., Uehara, K., Watanabe, R., Okumura, T.,
Yamashita, T., Omura, H., Yomo, T., Kawano, T.,
Kanemitsu, A., Narasaka, H., Suzuki, N. and
Itami, T. 1998. Efficacy of oral administration of
fucoidan, sulfated polysaccharide, in controlling
white spot syndrome in kuruma shrimp in Japan.
p. 171-173. In Flegel TW (ed.), Advances in
Shrimp Biotechnology. National Center for
Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Bangkok.
Steel, R.G.D. and Torrie, J.H. 1960. Principles and
Procedures of Statistics. McGraw-Hill, New York,
481p.