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% area fogliare (cm2) media e danni fitotossici da rame rilevati su piante di Actinidia
deliciosa e di Actinidia chinensis sottoposte a trattamenti con differenti agrofarmaci
rameici (SR, SRP) alla dose di campo (dc), al doppio (2dc) ed al triplo (3dc) della stessa,
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CONTENIMENTO DELLA MALATTIA
Parametro considerato
(% piante con)
Kiwi Verde
femmine
Kiwi Verde
maschi
Kiwi Giallo
femmine
Kiwi Giallo
maschi
sintomi
- 47%
- 73%
- 36%
- 42%
necrosi fiorali
- 42%
spot su rami di 1 anno
- 75 %
- 71%
- 27%
- 6%
spot su rami di 2-4 anni
- 53%
- 76%
- 31%
- 27%
- 48%
EFFETTI SULLA PRODUZIONE DI FRUTTI
Parametro
considerato
Qualità frutti
Kiwi Verde
Kiwi Giallo
testimone
sperimentale
testimone
sperimentale
ottima
ottima
ottima
ottima
Incremento peso
medio frutti
+ 14,7 g
+ 22,7 g
Incremento
produzione/ha
+ 40-54%
+ 68%
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D-/<<%*("*C"$%E)$$,-"%6%;") (,66FG#"=,-."$H (,;6"*!$/("*(,66)*2/.?")
!"#$%&'("))*%+$&
,-*./&0&#"- -1%+#2"* 345 "$)+#+/+"*6',78
90(%.#+0*#)+'/+'(&$$+&:+'*';+&%+'*'$&#-*2.*#)*'$"-$&:"6'
#*$%&-+';&2:+"%+6'$"#$%+'%"0*":+ $&#'3%&/.<+&#*'/+'
*--./")+6'"44+<<+0*#)&'/*+';%.))+6'0&%)*'/*::*'3+"#)*
<#*+-,(=#>>?-)+,(@?%%AB+>)*)@)#C(@)DDE"),*?()*(F>#%)#
3
3:;
Balestra G.M., L. Fratarcangeli, A. Mazzaglia, A. Quattrucci, R.
Spinelli, S. Graziani, S. Molducci e A Rossetti (2008).
Bacterial Canker on Actinidia chinensis. L’Informatore
Agrario, 11, 75-76.
Balestra G.M. , A. Mazzaglia, A. Quattrucci, M. Renzi, L. Ricci, A.
Rossetti (2009). The spread of kiwifruit bacterial canker
increases in Italy. L’Informatore Agrario, 24, 58-60.
Balestra G.M., Mazzaglia A, Quattrucci A., Renzi M., and A.
Rossetti (2009). Current status of bacterial canker spread on
kiwifruit in Italy. Australasian Plant Disease Note 4, 34-36.
Balestra G.M. , Mazzaglia A., Quattrucci A, Renzi M. (2009).
Occurrence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in Jin
Tao kiwi plants in Italy. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 48,
299–301.
Mazzaglia A., Renzi M., Taratufolo M.C., Gallipoli L., Bernardino
R., Ricci L, Quattrucci A., Rossetti A. Balestra G.M. (2010).
Cancro Batterico dell’Actinidia in Italia: il punto della
situazione. Rivista di Frutticoltura 9, 66-76.
~ 6//
Balestra G.M., Renzi M.,
Mazzaglia A. (2010). First
report of bacterial canker of
Actinidia deliciosa caused by
Pseudomonas syringae pv.
actinidiae in Portugal. New
Disease Reports, Vol. 22, 10.
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Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (PSA) ! Cancro Batterico
su/in piante di Actinidia spp. in Italia
Inverno
PSA, Riduzione dell’attività biologica
"@/??'$#$%&1
Sopravvivenza
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2+,/,43/6$2+3:-+5-$-5;',,'$5+5$'0-.-5/,'6$,/70-$
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'??48/,-6$>/5>3-6$2+,/,43/6$3/8->-6
9-+0'5,-$,'.2+3/0-6$73/58-5/,'
C.=DEF*C&6"#$&2%3$1*6%#*:?.5#&(1:$0#"G*:%*=1#%'$%G*:"*D"$0#"*%*:?E3%#5&"
C.=DE
!"#"$$%#&'$&()%*+&*,-.
/,'%0+1213"' '4#&3"5% 678*"($&3&+&"%9*"5%3$%*+%:*!"3(#1*;"$$%#&(1
<#0661*+&*=&$1>"$$%#&1:15&" +%::?@3&7%#'&$A +%5:&*-$0+&*+%::"*B0'(&"
IDENTIFICAZIONE
PSA Analisi Genetico-Molecolari
Authori
geni
ampliconi (bp)
Falsi positivi (P.s. pathovars)
Koh & Nou, 2002
Rees-George et al., 2010
Gallelli & Loreti, 2010
SCAR (from RAPD)
ITS
Duplex PCR: Koh & Nou + avrD fragment
492
280
492 + 226
theae; tomato; syringae; papulans.
theae
----
Isolati: 45 PSA Italiani, 7 PSA Asiatici (+ 8 di altre P. s. pvs) analizzati mediante:
efficacienza
• (GTG)5-PCR
• Rep-PCR (BOX, REP, ERIC)
• IS50-PCR
• RAPD (3 primers selezionati)
Evidenze
1. Elevata similarità
genetica tra tutti gli
isolati di PSA italiani;
2. Debole, ma chiara
distinzione tra gli
isolati di PSA italiani e
quelli asiatici;
Risultati divulgati a livello Internazionale
Mazzaglia A., Renzi M., Balestra G.M. (2011). Comparison and utilization of different PCRbased approaches for molecular typing of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae strains from
Italy – Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 33 (1), 8-18.
TOSSINE
PSA CARATTERISTICHE BIOCHIMICHE
La presenza e la produzione di
tossine è stata studiata mediante
differenti tecniche (PCR amplification
of specific genes and bioassays)
Giappone
Corea
Italia
Faseolotossina
+
-
-
Coronatina
-
+
-
Giappone
Faseolotossina:
phaseolotoxin gene cluster, ROCT gene
Coronatina:
CFL gene, corR gene, CMA gene
Corea
Italia
phaseolotoxin
gene cluster
RESISTENZA A RAME E ANTIBIOTICI
Le strategie di controllo includono
l’impiego di agrofarmaci a base di rame
Un uso massiccio di antibiotici nelle
strategie di controllo ha sempre
determinato l’insorgenza di popolazioni
di PSA antibiotico-resistenti
Lo studio di un ampio
numero di isolati di PSA
Italiani ha evidenziato che
essi sono tutti SENSIBILI
sia agli antibiotici, sia ai
Sali di rame (es. nitrato)
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60
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