English Language and Translation II (mod B)
Translation Theory and Practice
Module B part 2 – Translation Practice
•
Translation into B language/L2 (IT>EN) for
tourism
•
Link(s) between theory and practice
•
Range of activities
- take-home assignments
- text analysis
- preparation and presentation
- vocabulary expansion, reformulation, etc.
Module B part 2 – Translation Practice
•
Metalanguage
- L1/A (Italian); L2/B (English)
- SL/ST and TL/TT
- ESP
- Parallel texts
•
Key areas to develop further
- vocabulary et al.
- grammar (accuracy and correctness)
- culture-bound elements and references
AWARENESS OF MAIN FEATURES OF
TOURIST TEXTS
Tourist texts…
…”consist of a variety of publications produced by
Tourist Boards, city councils and private enterprises to
promote a given locality, its tourist attractions, services
and facilities” (Laviosa&Cleverton 2003:59)
Visitor
guides
(booklet
and/or
brochure)
Leaflets
Flyers
Magazines
Posters
Descriptive
panels
Tourist texts…
Main functions (=)
Appellative
Informative
* Jakobson and his categorisation of “functions”
Wide-ranging language domains (=)
Geography
Architecture
History
Sports
History of art
Gastronomy
Culture and
traditions
Economics
AIDA
Capture Attention
Maintain Interest
Create Desire
Get Action
Monolingual English dictionary
•
Bilingual dictionary: no longer enough
•
English monolingual + thesaurus = very useful
resources! Use them effectively!
•
but…how can I choose the right dictionary?
paperback editions, NOT pocket-sized ones!
look at macro/microstructure…
…what about online dictionaries?
English dictionaries
Bilingual
dictionaries
Garzanti Linguistica:
http://garzantilinguistica.sapere.it/
Hoepli:
http://dizionari.repubblica.it/
Monolingual
dictionaries
Cambridge online:
http://dictionary.cambridge.org/
Merriam-Webster online:
http://www.merriam-webster.com/
Oxford online:
http://oxforddictionaries.com/
Tourist texts… IT > EN
•
Stylistic adjustments
•
Synctactic restructuring
•
Lexical simplification
•
Cultural adaptation
Style (≠)
ITA-ST
- Impersonal and more formal
style
- More vivid descriptions and
figurative/evocative language,
glossy pictures
Lasciatevi
emozionare
da questi
vini, dalla
loro storia,
dal
loro
sapore…
…il Salento è
metafora di
una felice
adesione
della storia e
della natura
ai desideri
del
viaggiatore
EN-ST
- Personal and informal
style, e.g. use of
imperative (more engaging)
- More informative
Step into our
world and
discover three
beautiful
seaside towns
and
breathtaking
scenery
Enjoy the
freedom of
touring by
bike…
Style (=)
ITA-ST
EN-ST
-Thematisation of place and
time adverbials (slightly
marked)
- Fronted themes (slightly
marked). Adverbials are fairly
mobile
* Thematisation of object /
complement (slightly
marked)
* Predicated themes (highly
marked)  cleft structure
- Fronting of non-finite
temporal clauses gerund,
temp prep + simple/past
infin, past participle
- -ing form, temporal prep+ -ing
form
In una posizione privilegiata
e proteso verso il golfo di
Trieste si erge il Castello di
Miramare nobile dimora voluta
dall’Arciduca Massimiliano
d’Asburgo.
In a prominent position
overlooking the Gulf of
Trieste stands the Castle of
Miramare, the royal
residence built at the behest
of Habsburg Archduke
Maximilian.
** In uno dei luoghi più
incantevoli della Toscana,
all’ombra delle maestose
Alpi Apuane, si snoda la
“Strada del marmo”.
** The “Marble Route” wends its
way through one of the most
enchanting places in Tuscany
In the shadow of the majestic
Apuan Alps.
Tre volte bombardato tra il
1943 e il 1945, l’antico edificio
è stato letteralmente avvolto
dalla nuova architettura
Bombarded three times
between 1943 and 1945, the
old building has been literally
surrounded by the new
architecture
MARKED STRUCTURES
Il centro storico merita una
passeggiata e camminando tra le
caratteristiche vie e vicoletti, si
può notare che sulle architravi di
numerose
abitazioni,
sono
ancora presenti epigrafi
settecentesche.
It is well worth taking a stroll
along the characteristic
streets and lanes in the old-town
centre, where 18th century
inscriptions can still be seen on the
lintels of many houses.
Di
notevole
importanza Of considerable naturalisticnaturalistico-ambientale è il environmental importance is the
lago di Montepulciano…
lake of Montepulciano…
NORMALISED STRUCTURES
Interessanti infine le sculture in
legno appoggiate ai pilastri della
navata centrale, forse opera di
Francesco da Valdambrino
The wooden sculptures against the
pilasters of the central nave are
interesting; they are possibly the
work of Francesco da Valdambrino.
Starting at sea-level at Llandudno, this single track
line climbs its way up the beautiful Lledr valleys…
Dopo aver avvistato la fertile valle coltivata ai
piedi di Luras, il paesaggio intorno a noi
accentua sempre più il suo aspetto accidentato e
boscoso…
Syntax: long sentences [I]
Questo agile vademecum dei
percorsi gastronomici del Friuli
Venezia Giulia, compendio di
gusto, storia e tradizione, vuole
essere un viatico per chi parte,
perché non si dimentichi i luoghi
e i sapori della sua terra
d’origine,e anche una facile guida
per chi arriva per la prima volta,
affinché possa gustare, con la
mente e con il corpo, tutto quanto
gli offre questa regione ospitale.
This easy-to-consult handbook of
Friuli Venezia Giulia’s food and
wine routes is a compendium of
taste and tradition.
It aims to be a guide for those who
are leaving, so they will not forget
the places and flavours of their
homeland.
It is also a handy introduction for
first-time visitors, giving their minds
and bodies a sample of all the
delights this friendly region has to
offer.
Syntax: long sentences [II]
Di volta in volta i panorami di
Trieste possono essere ricchi dei
colori caldi della bella stagione
come possono essere impregnati
dei
grigi
dell’autunno
e
dell’inverno;
il
mare
poi,
onnipresente, è per sua natura
mutevole e, congiunto ai fattori
sopra elencati, favorisce la
potenzialità del territorio di essere
sempre nuovo e passibile di
riscoperte.
The panoramas of Trieste can be
rich in the warm colours of summer,
just as they can be impregnated
with the greys of autumn and
winter.
And the sea is ever-present.
Together with the factors mentioned
above, its constantly changing
nature gives this territory the
potential to be ever new, always
there to be rediscovered.
Syntax: long sentences [III]
La zona di San Daniele ha una
sua aria speciale: riesce infatti a
conservare in perfetto stato, da
più di cinquecento anni, i codici
della
Guarneriana,
è
fondamentale per dare un sapore
unico all’omonimo prosciutto e fa
in modo che un prodotto
semplice, la trota, diventi eccelso
come Regina di San Daniele.
The air in San Daniele is very
special.
For more than five hundred
years, it has perfectly conserved
the manuscripts in the Guarneriana
library and it is equally crucial for
the flavour it imparts to San
Daniele’s Prosciutto Crudo (aircured ham).
That same air makes a simple
product – trout – into a delicacy
known as the Regina di San
Daniele.
Key strategy
Simplify the Italian wording
BEFORE
translating into English
Culture-bound terms
Original English guides
Siena has 17 contrade (districts). Each contrada holds an annual
parade and the alfieri, the famous flag throwers, can often be seen
practising in the streets.
Translated English guides (from Italian)
-
Convention: translate as much as possible in the target language
Words normally borrowed and used on their own: names of
people, places, local food and wine produce. Other instances of
loan words often followed by a translation in brackets.
English translation of Italian culture-bound words
ST
Campo dei Miracoli
TT
Campo dei
Miracles)
Miracoli
(Field
of
…fa la sua comparsa un certo …a certain “Politian Castle” made
“castello Politiano”
its appearance
Lago di Montepulciano
Lake of Montepulciano
Il Papa Marcello II dei Cervini
Pope Marcello II dei Cervini
Chiesa di Santa Lucia
Church of St Lucy
Le statue di San Giovanni Statues of St John the Baptist, St
Battista, Santa Caterina da Siena, Catherine of Siena, St George and
San Giorgio e Sant’Agnese
St Agnes
Ad Antonio da Sangallo il Vecchio The design of the Renaissance
di deve il progetto rinascimentale Temple of St Blaise is owed to
del tempio di San Biagio
Antonio Da Sangallo the Elder
Loan words
ST
TT
Nobile da Montepulciano, primo
vino italiano ad avere ottenuto il
Sigillo di Origine Controllata e
Garantita
Nobile di Montepulsiano, the first
Italian wine to have obtained the
DOC (Controlled Appellation of
Origin)
Val d’Orcia
Val d’Orcia
Porta al Prato
Porta al Prato
Piazza delle Erbe
Piazza delle Erbe
Un vino … che nasce da un
accurato e paziente dosaggio di
uve canaiolo nero, prugnolo
gentile,
mammolo,
trebbiano
toscano e malvasia del Chianti
This wine … originates from a
painstaking and patient dosing of
black canaiolo grapes, gentle
prugnolo,
mammolo,
Tuscan
trebbiano and malvasia del Chianti
References
Laviosa, S. & V. Cleverton (2003) Learning by
Translating. A Course in Translation: English to Italian
& Italian to English, Modugno: Edizioni dal Sud