The Torino history
and in the history
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first news
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It is known, from Greek an
Latin historians, that our land
was populated by “Taurini”
since VI-III century BC
the name come from Taur or
Thor, i.e. mountain in celtic
language, not from taurus =
bull (the symbol of Torino)
taurini means populations of
the mountains, migrating from
a Drava region in VI-III century
a.C. in our region, already
populated by Ligurians, the
autochthonal populations
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about the town of
Taurasia
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a town located at the confluence of Dora
and Po river was cited by Appiano da
Alessandria (ca 95 – 161 AC) in the “Storia
Annibalica” as “Taurasia”
during the II punic war, 218-201 BC,
Hannibal cross the alps with 37 elephants
and took Taurasia after three days of siege
the romans were very grateful to taurini
because they leave time to reorganize
but just for short time ....
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romans brings the
“roman pax”
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when Rome decide the invasion of
the Gallia, our region become a
military region, crossed by an
important road between Rome and
the Gallia
Julius Caesar founded a roman castrum on
year 27 AC
the castrum was called “Augusta Taurinorum” in
honour of emperor Ottaviano Augusto
the structure of the castrum, with the road
crossing at 90 degree, is still a typical
characteristic of Torino
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Roman theater and Porte Palatine
romans expansion and
the medium age
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the two main road of the camp are
still there: the “decumana maximus”
is the Via Garibaldi and the
“Porta Pretoria” is on the
back of Palazzo Madama.
The “cardo maximus” is
the present Via S. Tommaso
the medium age was a black period for
our region, just the border between
Francs and Longobards kingdoms.
Piedmont was a land of battles whith a
consequent great economical
depression
Augusta Taurinorum map
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The Savoia dukes
and kings
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the influence of Savoia family
was very big in Piedmont and
in Italy
the first citation of a Savoia member in the history was the
Count Oddone Moriana-Savoia, husband of Adelaide,
marquess of Piemont in 1046
The Savoia was a fighting dynasty, for 900 years they try
to expand in every directions but the France directions was
very hard, the Italy direction was much more easy!
The Savoia dukedom upgrade to kingdom of Sardinia in
1713 (Utrecht treaty) and kings of Italy in 1861 with the
king Vittorio Emanuele II
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Torino, the capital of
Italian kingdom
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the Kingdom of Italy was declared by the
first Italian Parlamant in Torino on March
17, 1861
Torino was the capital of kingdom from
1861 to 1864, when the capital was moved
to Florence and Rome, consequence of
agreement between France and Piedmont
great change and shock in the economy of
the town. Thousands of working positions Palazzo Carignano
in the administration of the kingdom was
lost. Popular inssurections with hundreds of
people dead.
to compensate the economical crack of
Torino, a new “Science town”, including our
Physics Institute, was created on 1884
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Torino and the
science
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the first italian public University
was created in Bologna on 1088,
the knowledge before was appanage of
Church, the teaching was done on monastery and bishop's
palaces
the second University was created in Padua on 1222 from
rebels students and professors coming from Bologna
the third University was created in Vercelli on 1228 from Padua,
with 3 faculties (theology, jurisprudence and medicine) and 14
professors (1 theologist, 3 jurist, 4 decretisti (???), 2 physicians,
2 dialectics, 2 literacy), payed by the students and a
contribution by the commune for 500 lodging places
the word laurea come from laurel wreath (corona
d’alloro), dressed by the students at the end studies
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more on
science
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the Vercelli University was closed
on 1361 and moved to Pavia
a new University was open on 1404 in Torino
the “società scientifica”, created on 1757 by
Angelo Saluzzo di Monesiglio, Giovanni Cigna
e Luigi De La Grangia became Accademia
delle Scienze on 1783
 a new scientific city created on
1884. Investement on Research.
The base for the beginning of
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industrialization in Piemont (Fiat …)
outstanding people of
Torino
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Joseph-Louis Lagrange, author of
Mecanique Analytique, born in Torino on 1736
Erasmus of Rotterdam, got the laurea
in Torino on 1506
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Amedeo Avogadro di Quaregna founder
of atomic theory, born in Torino on 1776
Ascanio Sobrero, discovery of nitroclycerine,
trasformed in dynamith by Alfred Nobel
Galileo Ferraris, discovery of the rotating
magnetic field, the base of electrical motor
three Nobel prize in medicine: Salvatore
Lauria (1969), Renato Dulbecco (1975), Rita
Levi-Montalcini (1986)
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innovations and
innovators of Torino
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first electronic calculator, the perottina (1964)
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Giovanni Agnelli, FIAT cars
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Italian movies Studios, since end of 1800
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first TV trasmission in Italy
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first machine for industrial chocolate production
(Doret-Caffarel 1778)
Carpano, Martini and Cinzano Vermouth
(P.zza Castello, 1786)
first “Magnum like ice-cream”, ice cream on a stick
covered by chocolate (Gelati Pepino, Via Po, 1928)
first “Sprite”, lemonade with CO2 gas, called “gassosa”
(Caffè Guelpa, C.so Vittorio 58, 1833)
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Torino, science and more
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conclusion
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Torino is an old town with many hystorical places,
important museum and a nice and pleasant center
suggestions
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take your time to walk around
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try to drink capuccino and marocchino (everywhere),
bicerin (caffè della Consolata)
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enjoy the aperitivo in any of the hystorical coffee shop
downtown (Baratti & MIlano, Mulassano, Caffè Torino)
PAY THE MAXIMUM ATTENTION OF
PICKPOKET AND TAKE CARE OF YOUR
WALLET ON THE BUS AND TRAM
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IWHSS08
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finally, in the remainig time, enjoy our workshop!
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