Beyond the AGB
(not in the sense of stellar evolution)
My new E-mail:
[email protected]
Inputs: opacity, eos,
neutrinos rate,
thermonuclear rates…..
Stellar
model
Outputs: Luminosity,
effective temperature, chemical
composition…..
Sometime,
ba-stards are
lucky
Sn Watch-dog
IR Telescope
(SWIRT)
Lab for Underground
Nuclear Astrophysics
(LUNA)
Ba-star-dini
head quarter
Gran Sasso
Laboratory for
Underground
Nuclear
Astrophysics
Noise reduction at LNGS
(shielding: 4000 m w.e.)
Radiation
LNGS/surface
muons
neutrons
Photons
10-6
10-3
0.2
The adopted set-up
SPECIFICATIONS
 Umax= 50 – 400 kV
 I  500 mA for proton
 DEmax= 0.07 keV
The H burning
pp chain
p + p  2H + e+ + n [0.27 MeV]
99.75%
2H
86%
LUNA 1999
3He
+
3He

4He
+ 2p
7Be
3He
+ p  3He + g
14%
2·10-5%
ERNA & LUNA
NABONA
+ e-  7Li + n [0.81 MeV]
+ p  8Be
8Be
Qeff
LUNA 2001
+ 4He  7Be + g
99.89%
7Li
CHAIN I
= 26.20 MeV
p + e- + p  2H + e+ + n [1.44 MeV]
0.25%
 2 4He
CHAIN II
Qeff= 25.66 MeV
0.11%
3He
+ p  4He + e+ + n
NABONA 2000 & LUNA 2001
7Be
+ p  8B + g
8B
 8Be + e+ + n [6.80 MeV]
8Be
 2 4He
CHAIN III
Qeff= 19.67 MeV
CHAIN IV
Qeff= 16.84 MeV
14N(p,g)15O:
the bottleneck of the CNO
1E+01
solid target tot
gas-target
S-factor (keVb)
8E+00
6E+00
4E+00
2E+00
0E+00
0
50
100
150
200
E (keV)
250
300
350
400
Stellar Energies: the Gamow’s peak
Isochrones for Globular Clusters
The age of the oldest Globular Clusters should be
increased by about 0.7-1 Gyr
V-I
Imbriani, Costantini, Formicola et al. , A&A, 420, 2004
Straniero et al.
1999
from
VI TORINO
WORKSHOP
ROME
Ed. by Franca
D’Antona
Further Adventures
•
12C(a,g)16O
•
25Mg(p,g)26Al
@ ERNA
@ LUNA
Coming soon
From Imbriani et al. 2001 ApJ 558,903
M-R relation:
high rate =
shorter C
burning = more
compact
progenitor
Onset of
core
collapse
End of Cburning
Beginning
of Neburning
Yields
Affected by the amount of C
available for shell burning
Affected by the
steepness M-R relation
NOW, ON THE TOP
…. and ON THE ICE
CW-Leo: a red lighthouse
Irradiated IR light (10 mm)
Reflected V light
Stardust
SiC grains
Grain signatures
are more clear
above 3 m
Courtesy of
Busso & Co
The IRAIT project, a Italian-Spanish
collaboration
CONCORDIA (3200 m)
The Robotic Telescope
Riunione IRAIT-AMICA
Roma, 27 Gennaio 2006
AMICA
Antarctic Multiband Infrared CAmera
Riunione IRAIT-AMICA
Roma, 27 Gennaio 2006
I due rivelatori di AMICA
SWA (1-5 mm)
Array InSb 256 x 256 Raytheon Corp.
Top  25 - 35 K
LWA (5-28 mm)
Array Si:As BIB MF-128 DRS Techn. Inc.
Top  4 - 10 K
Riunione IRAIT-AMICA
Roma, 27 Gennaio 2006
Sistema ottico di AMICA
• Sistema completamente riflettente
• 4 specchi dorati (2 parabole fuori asse + 2 piani)
• Riduttore di focale 1 : 1.47
• Diffraction-limited performances
• Campionamento ottimale PSF di Airy a 3 mm su SWA e a 10 mm su LWA
• Scala:
0.538 arcsec / pix
(SWA)
• FOV:
1.345 arcsec / pix
(LWA)
2.29  2.29 arcmin2
(SWA)
2.87  2.87 arcmin2
(LWA)
Riunione IRAIT-AMICA
Roma, 27 Gennaio 2006
Finestra d’ingresso e filtri
• Finestra in CdTe ad alta trasmissione (>70 % tra 1 e 25 mm)
• Filtri in quarzo (<6 mm), germanio (6 mm<<13 mm) e CdTe (>13 mm):
Banda larga
Banda stretta
K @ 2.21 mm (0.34 mm)
L @ 3.43 mm (0.60 mm)
M @ 5.08 mm (0.39 mm)
N1 @ 8.79 mm (0.98 mm)
N2 @ 11.63 mm (3.29 mm)
Q1 @ 18.96 mm (3.40 mm)
Q2 @ 22.40 mm (1.95 mm)
3 filtri eventuali da
scegliere da una
lista già compilata
Finestra d’ingresso realizzata insieme al criostato da IRlabs.
Contatti in corso con Barr Associates per i dettagli dei filtri.
Riunione IRAIT-AMICA
Roma, 27 Gennaio 2006
ARS Displex Closed Cycle Cryocooler DE-210S
with ARS-10 Compressor
2nd stage: 0.8 W @ 4.2 K
1st stage: 35 W @ 41 K
Min temp.: 0 W @ 2.8 K
Type:
GM
Cooling: Water, CUSTOM
Power consumption:
6 kW @ 200 V AC,
3 phase, 50 Hz
Ambient temperature range: 5 to 35°C
Cooling water:
Minimum flow
8 LPM @ 27°C maximum temperature
IMPORTANTE: Serie di cryocooler già sperimentati in Antartide.
Riunione IRAIT-AMICA
The AMICA Control System:
Roma, 27 Gennaio 2006
C-PCI CRATE
HOST PENTIUM CPU
TEMP-CONTROLLED
AMBIENT
-10 c° / 10 c°
PMC DETECTOR
CONTROL I/F
TEMP-CONTROLLED
AMBIENT
-10 c° / 10 c°
CONTROL
PLC
LAKESHORE
TEMPERATURE
CONTROLLER & MONITOR
TEMPERATURE
&
STEP-MOTOR
CONTROL
NIR
PRE-AMP
CLOCK
BOX
AMICA
CRYOSTAT
- 40 c° / -80 c°
external temperature
MIR
PRE-AMP
CLOCK
BOX
NIR/MIR DETECTOR
CONTROLLER
Taormina, June, 2005
DUAL-STAGE
STEP-MOTOR
CONTROLLER
VACUUM
COMMANDED
VALVE
P-GAUGE
4.2 K
40 K
cryo-cooler
VACUUM
PUMP
CRYO-COOLER
COMPRESSOR
Riunione IRAIT-AMICA
Roma, 27 Gennaio 2006
An Example
Source Flux : 9.5 Jy
Integration time : 20 s (0.01s x frame)
Point source overall counts (ADU): 5.88154e+006
Point source clean counts (ADU): 1.79103e+006
Sky average counts (ADU): 83479.9
Signal-to-noise ratio: 20.4989
λ : 21 μ
http://www.te.astro.it/attivitascientifica/progetti/amica/index.htm