eleqtronuli demokratiis
politikis efeqturobis amaRleba
da sainformacio-sakomunikacio
teqnologiebis gamoyeneba
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publikacia momzadda qalTa sainformacio centris
mier fond Kvinna till Kvinna-s finansuri mxardaWeriT.
gamocemis xelmZRvaneli:
elene rusecki
avtorebi:
elene rusecki
aleqsandra delemenCuki
Tamar gogolaZe
redaqtori:
Tamar gogolaZe
dizaini:
Tiko xarSilaZe
dizaini da dakabadoneba
giorgi davTiani
foto:
qalTa sainformacio centri
megi bibiluri
viqtor maxaTaZe
nata kereseliZe
gaweuli konsultaciisa da SeniSvnebisaTvis avtorebi madlobas
uxdian samarTlebriv konsultants anano cincabaZes
ISBN - 978 - 9941 - 0 - 3381 - 0
2
qalTa sainformacio centris gamomcemloba
misamarTi: Tbilisi, 0102, winamZRvriSvilis q. N40;
telefoni: (995 32) 2 95 29 34;
faqsi: (995 32) 2 94 26 99
el-fosta: [email protected]
gamocemis eleqtronuli versia SegiZliaT ixiloT veb-gverdebze:
www.ginsc.net, www.wicge.org
s ar Cevi / C O N T E N T S
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winasityvaoba
Sesavali
saxelmZRvanelos miznebi da amocanebi
ZiriTadi miznebi da amocanebi
informaciis xelmisawvdomoba
specialuri amocanebi
rogor gamoviyenoT saxelmZRvanelo
sakiTxebi, romelic ganixileba yvela modulSi
sazogadoebrivi da zogadsaganmanaTleblo urTierTkavSiri
moduli I
sainformacio sazogadoebis koncefcia da problemebi
ICT-is sagani da saboloo miznebi
informaciuli sazogadoebis modelis ganviTareba
raSi mdgomareobs informaciuli sazogadoebis arsi?
,,meore da mesame buneba”
TemasTan dakavSirebuli terminebi
msoflio samiti informaciul sazogadoebaze
cifruli revolucia
,,cifruli dayofa”
msoflio samiti: globaluri diskusiis aucilebloba
informaciul sazogadoebaze msoflio samitis istoria da warmoSoba
pekinidan msoflio samitamde informaciul sazogadoebaze
moduli II
saerTaSoriso organizaciebi da iniciativebi
Sinaarsi da ZiriTadi amocanebi
informaciuli sazogadoebis monawileni
xelisufleba
kerZo seqtori
samoqalaqo sazogadoeba
gaero
sxva saerTaSoriso organizaciebi
eqspertTa specialuri jgufi cifrul SesaZleblobebze
cifruli da genderuli dayofa
situacia centralur da aRmosavleT evropaSi
genderuli Tanasworoba
aqtualuria Tu ara isev cifruli dayofa?
rogor ,,ganvsazRvroT” xelmisawvdomoba
moduli III
eleqtronuli demokratia
eleqtronuli demokratia (el-demokratia)
el-demokratiis formebi da saSualeba
el-demokratiis praqtikuli sakiTxebi
moqalaqeTa roli el-demokratiaSi
interneti, rogorc politikuri Suamavali
adgilobriv demokratiul gaerTianebaTa eleqtronuli mxardaWera
Rirebuleba da nakli
Rirebuleba
3
nakli
Ria eleqtronuli demokratiuli sazogadoeba
el-mTavrobis funqcionirebis modeli
el-mTavroba, romelic ar aris dakavSirebuli internetTan
el-mTavrobis potenciuri Rirseba da riski
riskebi
gansakuTrebuli meTvalyureoba
danakargebi
xelmiuwvdomloba
gamWvirvalobisa da angariSvaldebulebis mcdari grZnoba
upiratesoba
demokratizacia
sargebeli garemosaTvis
siCqare, efeqturoba da moxerxebuloba
sazogadoebrivi mxardaWera
el-mTavrobis specifikuri teqnologiebi
el-mTavrobis portalebi da platformebi
gaeros mier SemuSavebuli el-mTavrobaze gadasvlis mzaobis
maCvenebeli
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57
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moduli IV
erovnuli strategia da samoqmedo gegma sainformaciosakomunikacio teqnologiebze
Sinaarsi da amocanebi
amJamad arsebuli ICT-is infrastruqtura
internetis ganviTareba
ICT gamoyenebis tendencia
ICT gavrcelebis maCvenebeli
adre arsebuli da amJamindeli ICT strategia da codnis gadacemis
SesaZleblobebi
moduli V
sainformacio-sakomunikacio teqnologiebis gamoyeneba
programuli uzrunvelyofa
cifruli solidaroba
portali
samoqalaqo sazogadoebrivi organizaciebi
sainformacio Sesvla
eleqtronuli biuleteni
mimRebTa sia
samoqalaqo sazogadoebrivi organizaciebi
momxmarebelTa sazogadoebis Seqmna
momxmarebelTan urTierToba
TanamSromelTa personificireba
onalain diskusiebi
eleqtronuli biuleteni
mimRebTa sia
sazogadoebis wvlili Cvens saqmianobaSi
abreviatura
gamoyenebuli literatura
wi­na­sity­va­o­ba
pa­tiv­ce­mu­lo mkiTx­ve­lo,
dRes, Ta­na­med­ro­ve sam­ya­ro­Si, kom­pi­u­te­ri, in­ter­ne­ti, mo­bi­lu­ri
sa­te­le­fo­no kav­Si­ri, te­le da vi­deo ko­mu­ni­ka­cia Zal­zed aq­tu­a­
lu­ria. Tumca, sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis mxolod mcire nawilma icis, rom am
yo­ve­li­ves sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bi hqvia.
es swo­red is sfe­roa, ro­mel­sac qa­lis­T­vis “ara­sa­sur­velad”
miiCneven da fiq­ro­ben, rom qa­li ise ver da­e­uf­le­ba mas, ro­gorc
ma­ma­ka­ci. amav­d­ro­u­lad, Tu­ki sa­kiTxs Cav­uR­r­mav­de­biT, na­Te­lia,
rom Ta­na­med­ro­ve cxov­re­ba Se­uZ­le­be­lia am teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis ga­mo­
ye­ne­bis ga­re­Se. qa­li am sam­ya­ros na­wi­lia da Tu mas mi­e­ce­ma sa­Su­
a­le­ba, uda­voa, is ise­ve war­ma­te­biT ga­mo­i­ye­nebs am teq­no­lo­gi­ebs,
ro­gorc ma­ma­ka­ci.
Ta­na­med­ro­ve kvle­ve­bi da sta­tis­ti­ka gviC­ve­nebs ram­de­nad da­ba­
lia sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­eb­Tan qa­le­bi­sa da
go­go­ne­bis xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­ba. ri­Tia es gan­pi­ro­be­bu­li? amas sxva­
das­x­va mi­ze­zi da ax­s­na aqvs.
erTi ki cxadia, prob­le­ma ar­se­bobs da saWiroa am problemis
mosagvareblad garkveuli zomebis miReba, ra­Ta amaR­l­des sa­in­
for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­eb­Tan qa­le­bi­sa da gogo­ne­
bi­saT­vis xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­ba.
ele­ne ru­sec­ki
5
Se­sa­va­li
sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bi (ICT) – es aris teq­no­lo­gi­e­bi, rom­lis dax­ma­re­bi­Tac
xor­ci­el­de­ba in­for­ma­ci­is da­mu­Sa­ve­ba, gag­zav­na da kav­Si­ri eleq­t­ro­nu­li gziT. ICT gu­lis­x­mobs
Zve­li da axa­li teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis mTel speqtrs, ro­go­ri­caa: ra­dio, te­le­vi­zia, kom­pi­u­te­ri da
in­ter­ne­ti, sta­ci­o­na­lu­ri da mo­bi­lu­ri te­le­fo­ni, faq­si, prin­te­ri, ska­ne­ri, ase­ve, ma­sob­ri­vi in­
for­ma­ci­is beW­du­ri sa­Su­a­le­be­bi. ICT aris sa­Su­a­le­ba, rom­lis dax­ma­re­bi­Tac xel­mok­led mcxov­reb
qa­leb­sa da ma­ma­ka­cebs Se­saZ­leb­lo­ba aqvT mo­na­wi­le­o­ba mi­i­Ron qvey­nis eko­no­mi­kur da sa­mo­qa­la­qo
cxov­re­ba­Si da Ta­vi da­aR­wi­on si­Ra­ri­bes. ICT flobs udi­des po­ten­ci­als da sof­lad mcxov­reb ada­
mi­a­nebs Se­saZ­leb­lo­bas aZlevs mi­i­Ron ga­naT­le­ba, mo­i­Zi­on sam­sa­xu­ri, hqon­deT xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­ba
ba­zar­Tan, ase­ve mi­i­Ron eko­no­mi­ku­ri saq­mi­a­no­bi­sa da po­li­ti­kur pro­ce­seb­Si mo­na­wi­le­o­bi­saT­vis
auci­le­be­li in­for­ma­cia. Tum­ca, xSi­rad, sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis Ra­ri­bi fe­na, ume­te­sad ki qa­le­bi, ver sar­
geb­lo­ben sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­biT, gan­sa­kuT­re­biT yo­vel­dRi­ur cxov­re­ba­Si.
Zi­ri­Ta­dad es xde­ba sof­lad nak­leb­gan­vi­Ta­re­bu­li in­f­ras­t­ruq­tu­ri­sa da sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­
ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis pun­q­t­Ta arar­se­bo­bis ga­mo.
ar­se­bobs er­Ti faq­to­ri, ro­me­lic gan­mar­tavs ICT–is xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­bis SezRud­vas – es aris
in­f­ra an in­fo struq­tu­ra. ne­bis­mi­er gan­vi­Ta­re­bad qve­ya­na­Si ,,in­f­ra” an ,,in­fo” struq­tu­re­bi kon­
cen­t­ri­re­bu­lia xe­li­suf­le­bi­saT­vis stra­te­gi­u­lad mniS­v­ne­lo­va­ni saq­mi­a­ni cen­t­re­bis ax­los, sam­
rew­ve­lo ra­i­o­neb­sa da po­li­ti­ku­ri Stab-bi­neb­Si.
am­g­var si­tu­a­ci­eb­Si auci­le­be­lia ga­tar­des ise­Ti po­li­ti­ka, ro­me­lic qal­Ta sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­
ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­eb­Tan xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­bis da­mab­r­ko­le­bel mniS­v­ne­lo­van xar­vezs ga­mo­as­wo­
rebs. ICT-Tan Ta­na­ba­ri xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­bi­sa da ga­mo­ye­ne­bi­saT­vis re­ko­men­di­re­bu­lia mra­val­m­x­ri­vi
mid­go­ma. sa­qar­T­ve­los ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­e­bis erov­nul­ma ko­mi­si­am da sxva sa­xel­m­wi­fo struq­tu­reb­ma
gan­vi­Ta­re­bis prog­ra­mis Se­mu­Sa­ve­bi­sas un­da ga­iT­va­lis­wi­non Sem­de­gi:
1. gen­de­ru­li sa­Wi­ro­e­be­bi ICT-is po­li­ti­ki­sa da prog­ra­me­bis Se­mu­Sa­ve­bi­sa da re­a­li­ze­bi­sas;
2. eris gan­vi­Ta­re­bi­saT­vis ICT-is sa­Wi­ro­e­ba da mis mi­marT cno­bi­e­re­bis amaR­le­bis xel­Sewyo­ba:
da­in­te­re­se­bul­ma mxa­re­eb­ma or­ga­ni­ze­ba un­da ga­u­wi­on se­mi­na­reb­sa da sa­mu­Sao Sex­ved­rebs, ro­
me­lic xels Se­uwyobs mo­sax­le­o­bas ukeT ga­ac­no­bi­e­ros gan­vi­Ta­re­bi­saT­vis ICT-is sa­Wi­ro­e­ba;
3. sof­li­sa da cen­t­ri­dan da­So­re­bu­li ra­i­o­ne­bis gan­vi­Ta­re­bi­saT­vis axa­li pro­eq­te­bis mxar­da­
We­ra; ICT - is in­f­ras­t­ruq­tu­ris swra­fad gan­vi­Ta­re­bi­saT­vis sa­te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio or­ga­ni­za­ci­
eb­Tan Ta­nam­S­rom­lo­ba, bi­u­rok­ra­ti­u­li pro­ce­du­re­bis ga­mar­ti­ve­ba;
4. ICT-is po­li­ti­ka­sa da prog­ra­meb­Si Se­fa­se­bi­sa da mo­ni­to­rin­gis sis­te­mis da­ner­g­va gen­de­ru­
li da sa­mar­T­leb­ri­vi prin­ci­piT;
5. mo­sax­le­o­bis sa­Wi­ro­e­be­bis dak­ma­yo­fi­le­bis xel­Se­sawyo­bad be­ne­fi­ci­a­re­bi­sa da mom­sa­xu­re­bis
zus­ti gan­sazR­v­ra;
6. qvey­nis sa­te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio in­f­ras­t­ruq­tu­ris de­cen­t­ra­li­za­ci­is xel­Sewyo­ba.
6
Tum­ca, yve­la ze­moT­Ca­moT­v­li­li ar Ses­rul­de­ba, Tu qa­lebs ar eq­ne­baT Se­saZ­leb­lo­ba mi­i­Ron
auci­le­be­li cod­na da unar-Cve­ve­bi ICT-is ga­mo­sa­ye­neb­lad. uk­ve eqvs wel­ze me­tia qal­Ta sa­in­for­ma­
cio cen­t­ri mu­Sa­obs, ra­Ta qa­lebs uf­ro far­Tod mi­uw­v­de­bo­deT xe­li sainformacio-sakomunikacio
teqnologiebze (ICT) ata­rebs kvle­vebs, or­ga­ni­ze­bas uwevs tre­nin­gebs, ewe­va konsultaciebs.
am sa­xel­m­ZR­va­ne­lo­Si Tav­moy­ri­lia sxva­das­x­va wleb­Si tre­nin­ge­bis Se­de­gad dag­ro­vi­li ga­moc­
di­le­ba, rac mom­x­ma­re­bels Se­saZ­leb­lo­bas aZ­levs mi­mar­Tos swav­le­bis sxva­das­x­va me­Tods, ra­Ta
ga­a­far­To­vos qa­le­bis in­for­ma­ci­as­Tan xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­ba, e.i. xe­li Se­uwyos maT gan­vi­Ta­re­bas.
7
sa­xel­m­ZR­va­ne­los miz­ne­bi
da amo­ca­ne­bi
Zi­ri­Ta­di miz­ne­bi da amo­ca­ne­bi
sainformacio - sakomunikacio teqnologiebi (ICT) iZ­le­va gan­cal­ke­ve­bu­li baz­ris Seq­m­nis Se­
saZ­leb­lo­bas, ro­me­lic ar mo­iTxovs did ka­pi­tal­da­ban­de­bas da qa­lebs Se­uZ­li­aT da­mo­u­ki­deb­lad
Seq­m­nan an Ca­er­Ton biz­nes­Si. ICT-is sfe­ro­Si qa­lebs Se­uZ­li­aT sxva­das­x­va pro­fe­si­o­na­lu­ri do­nis
mom­sa­xu­re­bis Se­Ta­va­ze­ba.
in­for­ma­ci­is xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­ba
sainformacio - sakomunikacio teqnologiebis (ICT) dax­ma­re­biT qa­lebs aqvT swav­le­bis, in­for­
ma­ci­is mi­Re­bi­sa da, ase­ve, sxva­das­x­va ser­vis­Tan xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­bis uf­ro far­To Se­saZ­leb­lo­ba.
ma­ga­li­Tad, maT Se­iZ­le­ba mi­i­Ron in­for­ma­cia mo­sav­lis sa­baz­ro fa­se­bis, pro­fe­si­u­li zrdis Se­saZ­
leb­lo­bis, sa­ku­Ta­ri da oja­xis wev­r­Ta jan­m­r­Te­lo­bis dac­vis Se­sa­xeb. ase­ve mi­i­Ron auci­le­be­li
in­for­ma­cia cxov­re­bis ga­um­jo­be­se­bis miz­niT.
sxva prog­re­sul pro­ce­seb­Tan er­Tad ICT aZ­levs qa­lebs Se­saZ­leb­lo­bas ga­mo­xa­ton saku­Ta­ri
az­ri TavianTi viw­ro ga­re­moc­vis miR­ma, urTierToba daamyaron sxva qvey­nis qa­leb­Tan da uf­ro
efeq­turad ga­mo­vid­nen mTav­ro­ba­Ta pa­su­xis­m­geb­lo­bi­sa da gam­W­vir­va­lo­bis amaR­le­bi­saT­vis, uf­ro
far­To eko­no­mi­ku­ri Se­saZ­leb­lo­be­bis, Ta­nas­wo­ro­bis, ka­no­ni­e­ri in­te­re­se­bi­sa da uf­le­be­bis dac­
vi­sa da aRi­a­re­bi­saT­vis.
Tu ga­viT­va­lis­wi­nebT ICT-is gan­vi­Ta­re­bis yve­la ze­mo­T aR­niS­nul gen­de­rul mem­k­vid­re­o­bas, na­
Te­li gax­de­ba, rom mas Se­uZ­li­aT mniS­v­ne­lov­nad ga­zar­dos yve­la asa­kis qal­Ta mo­na­wi­le­o­bis Se­
saZ­leb­lo­ba gan­vi­Ta­re­bis pro­ces­Si.
ICT-is uax­les­ma miR­we­veb­ma Se­saZ­loa ga­a­far­To­vos tra­di­ci­u­li da ise­Ti teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis ga­mo­
ye­ne­ba, ro­me­lic ar mo­iTxovs spe­ci­a­lur cod­nas, ma­ga­li­Tad, ra­dio da te­le­vi­zia, ro­me­lic jer
ki­dev Zi­ri­Ta­di sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio ar­xia far­To audi­to­ri­i­saT­vis. Se­iZ­le­ba es mox­des pod­kas­te­bis1
meS­ve­o­biT, ro­me­lic gaZ­levT sa­Su­a­le­bas ga­mo­i­ye­noT in­for­ma­cia xe­lax­la, an da­uk­ve­ToT is sa­Wi­
ro­e­bis Sem­Tx­ve­va­Si vi­de­o­ma­sa­li­Ta da kom­paqt-dis­ke­biT.
gar­da ami­sa, ICT-im gan­vi­Ta­re­bis pro­ce­seb­Si Se­saZ­loa ga­a­far­To­vos am pro­ce­se­bis Se­saZ­leb­lo­
be­bi da mo­i­ta­nos da­ma­te­bi­Ti sar­ge­be­li.
dis­tan­ci­u­ri swav­le­bi­sa da tre­nin­gi­saT­vis ICT Se­saZ­loa ga­mo­ad­geT qa­lebs, rom­leb­sac usaf­r­
Txo­e­bis an sa­o­ja­xo saq­mi­a­no­bis ga­mo ar Se­uZ­li­aT me­ca­di­ne­o­beb­ze, sa­Ra­mos, an sak­vi­rao kur­seb­ze
si­a­ru­li.
8
*1
podkasti aris cifruli faili (audio an video), an failebis wyeba, romlis gavrcelebac xdeba internetiT, syndication feeds-is meSveobiT, portatul mediasakravze da personalur kompiuterze dasakravad. ese igi, internetis
momxmarebels SeuZlia, nebismier dros mousminos an uyuros programas, romelic avtomaturad CamoitvirTa
internetidan. termini “podkasti” ori nawilisgan Sedgeba (POD da CAST) da aris IPOD-is (“eplis” kompiuteris
portatuli sakravis) da broadcast-is (mauwyeblobis) kombinacia.
spe­ci­a­lu­ri amo­ca­ne­bi:
yy ICT-is ga­mo­ye­ne­bis unar-Cve­ve­bis swav­le­ba, mi­si ga­mo­ye­ne­ba qal­Ta or­ga­ni­za­ci­e­bi­sa da jgu­fe­
bis aq­ti­u­ri mo­na­wi­le­o­bi­saT­vis eleq­t­ro­nu­li de­mok­ra­ti­is gan­vi­Ta­re­ba­Si;
yy axal­gaz­r­da, me­war­me da sof­lad mcxov­reb qal­TaT­vis ICT-is ga­mo­ye­ne­bis unar-Cve­ve­bis in­di­
vi­du­a­lu­ri swav­le­ba gan­vi­Ta­re­bi­sa da sa­zo­ga­do­eb­riv saq­me­Si aq­ti­u­ri mo­na­wi­le­o­bi­saT­vis;
yy qal­Ta or­ga­ni­za­ci­ebs So­ris ,,eleq­t­ro­nu­li so­li­da­ro­bis” struq­tu­ris or­ga­ni­ze­bis wi­na­
pi­ro­bis Seq­m­na;
yy qal­Ta dac­vis, kvle­ve­bis Ca­ta­re­bis, fon­de­bis mo­zid­vi­sa da ko­leq­ti­u­ri saq­mi­a­ni ur­Ti­er­
To­be­bi­saT­vis qal­Ta or­ga­ni­za­ci­eb­sa da jgu­febs So­ris ICT-is ga­mo­ye­ne­bi­saT­vis wi­na­pi­ro­bis
Seq­m­na.
9
ro­gor ga­mo­vi­ye­noT
sa­xel­m­ZR­va­ne­lo
wi­nam­de­ba­re sa­xel­m­ZR­va­ne­lo ar aris Cve­u­leb­ri­vi sas­wav­lo sa­xel­m­ZR­va­ne­lo. is uf­ro in­s­t­ruq­
ciaa ICT-is sam­ya­ro­Si qal­Ta Ca­sar­Ta­vad da Sed­ge­ba xu­Ti mo­du­lis aR­we­ri­sa­gan:
•
•
•
•
•
mo­du­li I: sa­in­for­ma­cio sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis kon­cef­cia da prob­le­me­bi;
mo­du­li II: sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so or­ga­ni­za­ci­e­bi da ini­ci­a­ti­ve­bi;
mo­du­li III: eleq­t­ro­nu­li de­mok­ra­tia (glo­ba­lu­ri qse­lis mar­T­va: ka­no­ne­bi da or­ga­ni­za­
ci­e­bi);
mo­du­li IV: erov­nu­li stra­te­gia da sa­moq­me­do geg­me­bi sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­
lo­gi­eb­ze;
mo­du­li V: sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis ga­mo­ye­ne­ba.
am xu­Ti mo­du­li­dan ne­bis­mi­e­ri Se­iZ­le­ba ga­mo­vi­ye­noT da­mo­u­ki­deb­lad, Se­saZ­le­be­lia er­Ti an
ram­de­ni­me mo­du­lis er­Tob­li­vad ga­mo­ye­ne­bac, ga­aC­nia, ro­go­ria audi­to­ri­is mza­o­ba da da­sa­xu­li
amo­ca­ne­bi. yo­ve­li mo­du­lis aR­we­ri­Ti na­wi­li mo­i­cavs Te­ma­tu­ri ma­sa­lis mi­wo­de­bis geg­mas, wya­
ro­ebs, ase­ve, Te­zi­sebs Ti­To­e­u­li mo­na­wi­li­saT­vis da rCe­vebs tre­ne­re­bis­T­vis. mi­u­xe­da­vad ami­sa,
sa­xel­m­ZR­va­ne­lo­Si ar aris ama Tu im ma­sa­lis war­sad­ge­nad kon­k­re­tu­li sa­var­ji­So­e­bis an saq­mi­a­no­
bis for­me­bis amom­wu­ra­vi sia, rad­gan, Cve­u­leb­riv, yve­la tre­ne­ri sar­geb­lobs sa­ku­Ta­ri me­To­di­Ta
da kre­a­ti­u­lobiT. sa­xel­m­ZR­va­ne­lo mxo­lod da­ma­te­bi­Ti ma­sa­laa tre­ne­ris­T­vis, ro­me­lic msme­nels
aw­v­dis sxva­das­x­va wya­ro­dan aRe­bul auci­le­bel in­for­ma­ci­as da ara yve­las­T­vis kar­gad cno­bil
sa­var­ji­So­Ta kre­buls.
sa­xel­m­ZR­va­ne­lo­Si Tqven ver ipo­viT in­for­ma­ci­as mo­na­wi­le­eb­Tan pir­ve­li gac­no­bis Se­sa­xeb, an
jgu­feb­Tan mu­Sa­o­bis Se­ma­ja­me­be­li Se­fa­se­bis pro­ce­du­ras. ase­Ti sa­xis in­for­ma­cia Se­iZ­le­ba ux­vad
mo­i­po­voT bevr sxva sa­xel­m­ZR­va­ne­lo­sa da pub­li­ka­ci­a­Si.
ami­tom, Cven kon­cen­t­ra­ci­as vax­denT ICT-is sa­kiTxeb­ze da mis Te­ma­ti­ka­sa da Si­na­ar­s­Tan da­kav­
Si­re­bul zo­gi­erT rCe­va­ze, ro­me­lic gav­le­nas ax­dens sas­wav­lo pro­ces­ze. Cven, ase­ve, da­ma­te­biT
Se­ve­xe­biT sa­kiTxebs, ro­me­lic, sa­va­ra­u­dod, Se­iZ­le­ba gaC­n­des tre­nin­gis das­ru­le­bis Sem­d­gom. sa­
xel­m­ZR­va­ne­lo iT­va­lis­wi­nebs tre­nings, ro­gorc mud­mi­vi pro­ce­sis na­wils, ro­me­lic mo­i­cavs swav­
le­bas, una­re­bis ga­mo­mu­Sa­ve­ba­sa da kon­k­re­tul qme­de­bebs. Tum­ca, Ti­To­e­u­li mo­du­lis far­g­leb­Si
ga­mo­ye­ne­bu­lia ma­sa­lis ga­dmocemis am­g­va­ri Ta­nmim­dev­ro­ba:
•
•
•
ICT-is ga­mo­ye­ne­bis unar-Cve­ve­bis da­uf­le­ba (da­mo­ki­de­bu­lia Se­Ta­va­ze­bul mo­dul­sa da mis
kom­bi­na­ci­a­ze);
mi­Re­bu­li cod­nis TviT­Se­fa­se­ba an jgu­fu­ri Se­fa­se­ba (da­mo­ki­de­bu­lia jgu­fis pro­fil­ze);
sas­wav­lo ma­sa­le­bi (da­mo­ki­de­bu­lia Se­Ta­va­ze­bul mo­dul­sa da mis kom­bi­na­ci­a­ze).
yve­la Se­Ta­va­ze­bu­li ma­sa­lis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia sa­ku­Ta­ri sa­in­for­ma­cio an sas­wav­lo ma­sa­
lis Se­saq­m­ne­lad da iolad kom­bi­nir­de­ba mo­ce­mul Te­ma­ze ar­se­bul sa­xel­m­ZR­va­ne­lo­eb­Tan.
10
sa­kiTxe­bi, ro­me­lic
ga­ni­xi­le­ba yve­la mo­dul­Si:
sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi da zo­gad­sa­gan­ma­naT­leb­lo ur­Ti­er­T­kav­Si­ri
cxri­li 1.
socialuri problemebi, romlis gaTvaliswineba aucilebelia
problema
gadawyvetileba
sazogadoebas miaCnia, rom ICT-is
gamoyeneba qalis saqme ar aris
• masmediam popularizacia unda gauwios ICT-is sferoSi qalis
uflebebsa da maTi dacvis, karieruli zrdis, aseve, informaciis
mimocvlis anonimurobasTan dakavSirebul informacias;
• masmediam farTod unda gaaSuqos magaliTebi ICT-is sferoSi qalis
rolis Sesaxeb;
• ojaxSi unda gaigon, rom kompiuteri SeiZleba gamoiyenos orive
sqesis bavSvma (da ara mxolod mamebma da vaJebma).
ICT-is sferoSi momuSave qalebisTvis
SedarebiT mcire anazRaureba
• qalis xelfasi unda gauTanabrdes mamakacis xelfass.
arsebuli azri imis Sesaxeb, rom qali
unda iyos ojaxis mfarveli da ar
izrunos karieraze
• mSobelTa cnobierebis amaRleba;
• masmedia (televizia da a.S.).
monawileebi unda waaxalisoT ICT-is
sferoSi karieris Sesaqmnelad
warmatebuli karieris Sesaxeb
magaliTebis simcire
vaJebisa da gogonebis daniSnulebaze
gansxvavebuli warmodgenebi, anu
gogonebi unda isxdnen saxlSi da
uvlidnen ojaxs
sakuTar SesaZleblobebSi mcire
TviTdajereba
•
•
•
•
•
swori orientireba karieraze;
mrewvelobis am dargis warmomadgenelTa saubrebi bavSvebTan;
saubrebi qalebTan, romelTac gaikeTes kariera;
saubrebi bavSvebTan da axalgazrdebTan;
warmatebuli karieris mqone qalebis Sesaxeb filmebis
popularizacia.
• masmediam ufro xSirad unda gaaSuqos warmatebuli karieris
magaliTebi;
• weros ICT-is sferoSi momuSave qalebze;
• moawyos satelevizio programebi.
• ICT-is xelmisawvdomobis gazrda.
•
•
•
•
warmatebuli magaliTebi;
swavleba;
TviTganviTareba;
saswavlo programebi.
SiSi, rom qalebisTvis unar-Cvevebis
ganviTareba saxifaToa ojaxuri
TvalsazrisiT (anu qali ,,miatovebs”
saojaxo saqmianobas)
stipendia qalebisaTvis.
wignierebis done
saganmanaTleblo programebi qalebisa da mamakacebisaTvis.
teqnologiebze SezRuduli
xelmisawvdomoba
• axali miRwevebis danergva servisis dabali donis mqone raionebSi;
• daxmarebisa da swavlebis uzrunvelyofa menejmentis efeqturobis
asamaRleblad;
• sainformacio sazogadoebrivi centrebis popularizacia iq, sadac
arsebobs Sesabamisi infrastruqtura;
• am kuTxiT provaiderebisa da saxelmwifo struqturebis
TanamSromloba.
11
cxri­li 2
problemebi
warmatebuli magaliTebi
socialuri sakiTxebi
ra unda SeviZinoT aucileblad saerTaSoriso gamocdilebidan?
gadawyvetileba
• rogor SeZles sxva qveynebSi ICT-is xelmisawvdomobis amaRleba, umaRles
saswavleblebsa da teqnikur kolejebSi msurvelebis mozidva da ra
sargebeli moutana aman sazogadoebas;
• sxva qveynebis warmatebuli da warumatebeli gamocdileba; ar aris saWiro
xelaxla velosipedis gamogoneba;
• fineTis, irlandiis, aSS-sa da sxva qveynebis gamocdileba, sadac gatarda
qalebze orientirebuli politika da strategia;
• sxva regionebisa da ganviTarebadi qveynebis gamocdilebis Seswavla;
• saerTaSoriso gamocdilebis gamoyeneba adgilobriv konteqstSi.
•
•
•
•
•
•
damxmare stuqturebi da
gaerTianebebi
saxelmZRvanelo karieris
Sesaqmnelad/dadebiTi
magaliTebi
treningi genderuli
cnobierebis asamaRleblad
•
•
•
•
•
•
Tanasworoba ojaxSi da cvlileba sqesTa urTierTobebSi;
qalTa da mamakacTa aRzrda Tanasworobis suliskveTebiT;
codnisa da gamocdilebis gaziareba;
ganaTlebis kultura da ara konkurencia;
kulturuli tradiciebis gaTvaliswinebiT samsaxurSi qalebis miRebisas
pozitiuri diskriminacia;
bavSvebisaTvis (gansakuTrebiT gogonebisaTvis) swavleba, rom ar
SeeSindeT riskis.
qalTa da gogonaTa swavlebisaTvis saxsrebis gamoyofa da programis
SemuSaveba teqnologiur sferoSi maTi samuSao adgilis Sesaqmnelad;
pensiaze gasuli mamakacebisa da qalebis dabruneba ekonomikaSi
maswavleblebad.
rogor movizidoT gogonebi karieris arCevisas ICT sferoSi?
ra roli aqvs masmedias (televizia da a.S) sxva qveynebSi qalis karieris
popularizaciaSi?
programebi mamakacebisaTvis imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor imuSaon qal
kolegebTan da ar ibatonon maTze;
programebi qalebisTvis, romelic stimuls miscems gamoTqvan sakuTari
azri saqmianobis dros koleqtivSi, sadac mamakacebi dominireben; rogor
miaRwion imas, rom kacebma qalebi aRiqvan seriozulad.
cxrili 3.
saWiroebebi da xarvezebi
ra inovaciebia ganaTlebis sferoSi?
gansazRvreba
ICT-is gansazRvreba
• komunikaciis srulyofa;
• karieris arCevis SesaZlebloba.
aucilebelia ICT-is misce ufro sruli
gansazRvreba
• prezentacia da misi Sinaarsi unda iyos warmtaci; (multimediuri
teqnologiis, animaciisa da grafikuli dizainis gamoyenebiT).
infrastruqtura
codnasa da infrastruqturasTan
xelmisawvdomoba
• eqsperimentebisTvis aucilebeli teqnologiuri saSualebebis
uzrunvelyofa (aqcenti keTdeba kreatiulobaze).
nimuSebi (modelebi)
swavleba
12
• onlain swavleba;
• TanatolTa swavleba (magaliTad, kavSiri sxva qveynebTan, kavSiri
sxva Tanatol gogonebTan);
• sxvadasxva qveynis gogonebs Soris gacvliTi vizitebi.
warmatebuli magaliTebis
arasakmarisi Seswavla
• mravaldisciplinaruli meTodebis gansazRvra, rogorc
TanamSromlebs Soris barieris aRmofxvris efeqturi saSualeba
teqnologiebis sferoSi.
maswavlebeli
treningebis araefeqturi meTodika
• maswavleblebisaTvis treningebis organizeba.
saswavlo masalebis ukmarisoba ICT-Tvis
• aucilebelia masalebis SemuSaveba saswavlo gegmisaTvis.
ICT-is sagnis swavleba mosawyeni da
arakreatiulia
•
ICT - es aris saSualeba, da ara
saboloo wertili
• maswavleblebi unda iyvnen momzadebulni swavlebis procesSi ICT-is
gamosayeneblad;
• moswavleebs unda hqondeT SesaZlebloba eqsperimentebisTvis.
ICT - swrafad viTardeba, xolo
maswavleblebi CamorCebian process
• aucilebelia gadamzadebis kursebi.
maswavleblebi floben arasakmaris
codnas ICT-is sferoSi arsebul yvela
SesaZleblobaze
• skolaSi unda moviwvioT adamianebi, romlebic muSaoben
mrewvelobis am dargSi, raTa maT gauziaron informacia karierul
mimarTulebebze.
maswavleblebs unda eZleodeT enTuziazmi ICT-is
SesaZleblobebisgan.
SemdegSi
zrdasrulTa swavleba da ICT-is
treningi
• sustad momzadebul an moumzadebel zrdasrulTa mozidva (maT
Soris soflis macxovrebelTa CaTvliT) TemisTvis proeqtis
Seqmnis mizniT.
ufskruli biznesis saWiroebebisa da
ganaTlebis dones Soris
• biznessa da saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebas Soris partnioroba.
saswavlo gegmebi
ICT ar Sedis saswavlo gegmebSi
• ICT unda CaerTos saswavlo gegmebSi yvela doneze da yvela saganSi.
saswavlo gegmebi orientirebuli unda
iyos biznessa da ICT-ze
• mxatvrul skolaTa msgavsi miznobrivi ICT skolebi.
mniSvnelovania konteqstis
gaTvaliswineba
• aucilebelia bunebrivi midrekilebebis gamoyeneba, raTa gaakeTo
raime kreatiulad da Taviseburad;
• jgufuri saqmianobis urTierTkavSiri.
adgilobrivi da inglisuri ena,
rogorc saqmiani
• saswavlo masalebis adaptacia adgilobriv pirobebTan.
13
14
mo­du­li I sa­in­for­ma­cio sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis kon­cef­cia da prob­le­me­bi

ICT-is sa­ga­ni da sa­bo­loo miz­ne­bi pir­vel mo­dul­Si mo­ce­mu­lia sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so do­ku­men­teb­sa da re­zo­lu­ci­eb­Si in­ter­net­Tan da
sa­in­for­ma­cio teq­no­lo­gi­eb­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bu­li Zi­ri­Ta­di kon­cef­ci­e­bi­sa da ter­mi­ne­bis mi­mo­xil­
va. mo­dul­Si gan­xi­lu­lia ise­Ti cne­be­bi, ro­go­ri­caa: ,,in­for­ma­ci­u­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba”, ,,glo­ba­lu­ri
qse­li”, ,,sa­in­for­ma­cio struq­tu­ra”, ,,cif­ru­li gan­yo­fi­le­ba”, ase­ve, sa­in­for­ma­cio teq­no­lo­gi­eb­Tan
da­kav­Si­re­bu­li spe­ci­fi­ku­ri sa­kiTxe­bi da ICT sfe­ro­Si sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so do­ne­ze mim­di­na­re Zi­ri­Ta­di
dis­ku­si­e­bi.
mo­du­lSi Se­su­lia oTxi ti­pis saq­mi­a­no­ba, maT So­ris, in­for­ma­ci­ul sa­zo­ga­do­e­bas­Tan da­kav­Si­
re­bu­li Zi­ri­Ta­di cne­be­bi da in­for­ma­ci­u­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis Se­sa­xeb msof­lio sa­mit­ze gan­xi­lu­li
sa­kiTxe­bi. mo­dul­Si gan­xi­lu­lia ise­Ti Te­me­bi, ro­go­ri­caa: ,,mo­na­ce­me­bi”, ,,in­for­ma­cia”, ,,cod­na
da teq­no­lo­gi­e­bi” da gan­sazR­v­ru­lia ras niS­navs ,,in­for­ma­ci­u­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba” da­in­te­re­se­bu­li
sa­zo­ga­do­e­bi­saT­vis. sa­in­for­ma­cio da sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bi (ICT) war­mod­ge­ni­lia ro­gorc
in­s­t­ru­men­ti ada­mi­a­nis gan­vi­Ta­re­bi­saT­vis, xo­lo in­for­ma­ci­u­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba da­na­xu­lia ro­gorc
am gan­vi­Ta­re­bis sa­Su­a­le­ba.
mo­du­lis me­o­re na­wil­Si mo­ce­mu­lia in­for­ma­ci­u­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis gan­mar­te­ba, ro­me­lic gan­s­x­vav­
de­ba tra­di­ci­u­li, eko­no­mi­kur prin­ci­pe­ze da­fuZ­ne­bu­li da so­cio-po­li­ti­ku­ri moR­va­we­e­bis mi­er
pro­pa­gan­di­re­bu­li gan­mar­te­bisa­gan.
is efuZ­ne­ba in­for­ma­ci­u­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis uf­ro far­To cne­bas da gu­lis­x­mobs so­ci­a­lur sa­
kiTxebs, rom­lis ga­dawy­ve­ta aici­le­be­lia sa­in­for­ma­cio moTxov­ne­bis da­sak­ma­yo­fi­leb­lad nak­leb
gan­vi­Ta­re­bul qvey­neb­Si.
sa­mu­Sao sa­a­Te­bis ra­o­de­no­ba: 4 sa­a­Ti
ga­mo­ye­ne­bu­li ma­sa­la:
in­for­ma­ci­u­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba es aris sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba, ro­mel­Sic Seq­m­na, ga­na­wi­le­ba, gav­r­ce­le­ba, da­
ner­g­va da mi­mar­T­va in­for­ma­ci­as­Tan war­mo­ad­gens mniS­v­ne­lo­van na­wils eko­no­mi­kur, po­li­ti­kur da
kul­tu­rul cxov­re­ba­Si.
ase­Ti sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis Ta­vi­se­bu­re­ba mdgo­ma­re­obs ima­Si, rom sa­in­for­ma­cio teq­no­lo­gi­ebs uka­via
cen­t­ra­lu­ri ad­gi­li war­mo­e­bis sfe­ro­Si, eko­no­mi­ka­sa da mTli­a­nad sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba­Si. in­for­ma­ci­u­li
sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba da­na­xu­lia, ro­gorc in­dus­t­ri­u­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis2 mim­Re­bi. pos­tin­dus­t­ri­u­li sa­zo­ga­
do­e­ba3 (daniel beli)4 ,,pos­t­for­diz­mi”, pos­t­mo­der­nu­li5 da ,,cod­nis sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba”, ise­ve, ro­gorc
,,te­le­ma­ti­ku­ri”6 sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba, sa­in­for­ma­cio re­vo­lu­cia da ,,qse­lu­ri” sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba (ma­nu­el kas­
tel­si) 7 war­mo­ad­gens mWid­rod da­kav­Si­re­bul cne­bebs.
 in­for­ma­ci­u­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis mo­de­lis gan­vi­Ta­re­ba
erT-er­Ti pir­ve­li, vinc Se­i­mu­Sa­va in­for­ma­ci­u­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis kon­cef­cia, iyo eko­no­mis­ti
fric max­lu­pi (Fritz Machlup). 1933 wels man da­iwyo kvle­veb­ze pa­ten­t­Ta gav­le­nis Ses­wav­la. mu­Sa­
o­bis Se­de­gad man 1962 wels ga­mo­aq­vey­na re­vo­lu­ci­u­ri Sro­ma ,,cod­nis war­mo­e­ba da ga­na­wi­le­ba
ix: gv.18, TemasTan dakavSirebuli terminebi
ix: gv.18; TemasTan dakavSirebuli terminebi;
*4
daniel beli (Daniel Bell) – sociologi, harvardis universitetis sapatio profesori;
*5
ix: gv.19; TemasTan dakavSirebuli terminebi.
*6
ix: gv.19; TemasTan dakavSirebuli terminebi;
*7
manuel kastelsi ( Manuel Castells) – sociologi, mkvlevari informaciuli sazogadoebisa da kavSiris sferoSi;
*2
*3
15
ame­ri­kis Se­er­Te­bul Sta­teb­Si”. wig­ni far­Tod gav­r­cel­da da iTar­g­m­na ru­sul da iapo­nur ena­ze.
iapo­ni­a­Si, ase­ve, iq­na Ses­wav­li­li in­for­ma­ci­u­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba ioho­ka Sa­kai (Jo­ho­ka Sha­kai) ume­sa­os
mi­er, - sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi evo­lu­ci­is umaR­le­si sa­fe­xu­ri bi­o­lo­gi­u­ri evo­lu­ci­is ana­lo­gi­u­rad. es
kon­cef­cia far­Tod ga­ni­xi­le­bo­da ga­su­li sa­u­ku­nis 50-ian 60-ian wleb­Si.
 ra­Si mdgo­ma­re­obs in­for­ma­ci­u­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis ar­si?
ar ar­se­bobs ter­mi­nis - ,,in­for­ma­ci­u­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba” - sa­yo­vel­Ta­od mi­Re­bu­li gan­mar­te­ba.
Te­o­re­ti­kos­Ta um­rav­le­so­ba Tan­x­m­de­ba ima­ze, rom ad­gi­li aqvs mci­re tran­s­for­ma­ci­as, ro­me­lic
ga­su­li sa­u­ku­nis 70-ian wleb­Si da­iwyo, dRem­de grZel­de­ba da ro­mel­mac sa­fuZ­vel­Si­ve Sec­va­la
sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis fun­q­ci­o­ni­re­ba. sa­in­for­ma­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bi - es ar aris mxo­lod in­ter­ne­ti. mim­di­
na­re­obs dis­ku­sa imis Se­sa­xeb, ram­de­nad di­dia ma­sob­ri­vi in­for­ma­ci­is cal­ke­u­li sa­Su­a­le­be­bis an
war­mo­e­bis cal­ke­u­li for­me­bis ro­li.
zo­gi­er­Ti mkvle­va­ri, ker­Zod, an­to­nio neg­ri8 da ni­ut jin­g­ri­Ci9 mi­iC­nevs, rom in­for­ma­ci­ul
sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba­Si ada­mi­a­ne­bi da­ka­ve­bul­ni ari­an ara­niv­Ti­e­ri, ara­ma­te­ri­a­lu­ri Sro­miT. maT mxed­
ve­lo­ba­Si aqvT cod­nis war­mo­e­ba an kul­tu­ru­li ar­ti­faq­te­bi. am­g­va­ri mo­de­lis prob­le­ma mas­Si
ma­te­ri­a­lu­ri da sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis in­dus­t­ri­u­li sa­fuZ­v­lis ar­sis ig­no­ri­re­baa. mi­u­xe­da­vad ami­sa, am
mo­del­Si Se­dis prob­le­me­bi Cve­u­leb­riv ada­mi­a­neb­Tan da­kav­Si­re­biT da ba­debs kiTx­vas Se­moq­me­di
ada­mi­a­ne­bis ra ra­o­de­no­ba esa­Wi­ro­e­ba sa­zo­ga­do­e­bas nor­ma­lu­ri fun­q­ci­o­ni­re­bi­saT­vis? ma­ga­li­Tad,
Tqven ge­sa­Wi­ro­e­baT mxo­lod ram­de­ni­me cno­bi­li, da ara uam­ra­vi uc­no­bi msa­xi­o­bi, vi­na­i­dan, Tqven
Se­giZ­li­aT ga­a­na­wi­loT yve­la ro­li cno­bil msa­xi­ob­Ta So­ris, da­nar­Cen­ni ki dar­Ce­bi­an rolis
gareSe. dRes ga­mom­cem­le­bi, Cve­u­leb­riv, po­pu­la­ri­za­ci­as uwe­ven mxo­lod ise­Ti wig­nebs, ro­mle­bic
kar­gad iyi­de­ba, xo­lo im av­to­rebs, ro­mel­Ta wig­neb­zec sta­bi­lu­rad aris moTxov­na, eri­de­bi­an
rom da­beW­don.
axa­li fil­mis po­pu­la­ro­ba ir­k­ve­va Cve­ne­bis pir­ve­li­ve kvi­ras mo­ge­bis da ara sity­vi­e­ri STa­beW­
di­le­be­bis ga­da­ce­mis sa­fuZ­vel­ze.
in­for­ma­ci­ul sa­zo­ga­do­e­bas­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bul sxva prob­le­ma­Ta So­ris am ter­mi­nis er­Ti­a­ni gan­
sazR­v­re­bis mo­Zeb­nac igu­lis­x­me­ba. in­for­ma­ci­u­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba Se­iZ­le­ba Se­i­cav­des ara mxo­lod
xe­lov­ne­bas, teq­s­tob­riv da ko­pi­re­bul ma­sa­leb­sa da sa­mec­ni­e­ro Te­o­ri­ebs, ara­med, mcdar in­for­
ma­ci­as, fex­bur­Tis mat­Cis Se­de­gebs, Sem­Tx­ve­viT we­ri­lebs, Sec­do­mebs da a.S. in­for­ma­cia yo­vel­T­vis
pro­duq­ti­u­li da sa­sar­geb­lo ar aris, is Se­iZ­le­ba sa­zi­a­noc iyos.
imis gaT­va­lis­wi­ne­biT, rom sa­in­for­ma­cio me­ta­fo­re­bi da teq­no­lo­gi­e­bi sul uf­ro me­tad xde­
bi­an ur­Ti­er­T­da­mo­ki­de­bul­ni, Cven Seg­viZ­lia zo­gi­er­Ti, gan­sa­kuT­re­biT, iapo­nu­ri sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba,
gan­vi­xi­loT ro­gorc in­for­ma­ci­u­li, vi­na­i­dan ase­Tad mig­vaC­nia.
 ,,me­o­re da me­sa­me bu­ne­ba”
16
ro­gorc uk­ve aR­v­niS­neT, in­for­ma­ci­u­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba war­mo­ad­gens er­Ti ad­gi­li­dan me­o­re­ze in­
for­ma­ci­is ga­da­ce­mis sa­Su­a­le­bas (Jay­ne Wark)10. vi­na­i­dan sul uf­ro srul­yo­fi­li xde­ba Ta­na­med­ro­ve
teq­no­lo­gi­e­bi, ix­ve­we­ba ada­mi­a­nebs So­ris in­for­ma­ci­is gac­v­lis sa­Su­a­le­be­bic.
,,me­o­re bu­ne­bas” ukav­Sir­de­ba kul­tu­ru­li saq­mi­a­no­bis sxva­das­x­va sa­Su­a­le­be­bi. mo­po­ve­bu­li ga­
moc­di­le­ba tran­s­for­mir­de­ba, eZ­le­va axa­li mniS­v­ne­lo­ba da sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis­T­vis bu­neb­ri­vi xde­ba.
gar­k­ve­u­li kul­tu­ru­li ni­mu­Se­bis kval­dak­val ada­mi­a­ne­bi swav­lo­ben rac Se­iZ­le­ba gan­s­x­va­ve­bu­lad
ga­mo­i­ye­non da ga­das­cen in­for­ma­cia, isa­ub­ron er­T­ma­neT­Tan sxva­das­x­va dro­is zo­na­Si myo­feb­ma
(onla­in), an gac­va­lon Setyo­bi­ne­be­bi sxva­das­x­va qve­ya­ne­bi­dan. yo­ve­li­ve es iq­ca Cve­u­leb­riv praq­
ti­kad, ro­mel­sac sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba aRiq­vams ro­gorc auci­le­bels..
Tum­ca, in­for­ma­ci­is gac­v­lis pro­ces­Si veq­to­ris meS­ve­o­biT Cven gveZ­le­va Se­saZ­leb­lo­ba ki­dev
uf­ro Sors ga­vav­r­ce­loT in­for­ma­cia. veq­to­ris sa­Su­a­le­biT in­for­ma­cia Se­iZ­le­ba airi­os, xo­lo
antonio negri (Antonio Negri) – italieli marqsistuli sociologi da politikuri filosofosi;
niut jingriCi (Newt Gingrich) – aSS kongresis warmomadgenlobiTi palatis yofili spikeri;
10
uorq makenzi, avstralieli mwerali da swavluli; 1997, gv. 22
8
9
Sem­deg ga­mo­e­yos imas, ra­mac Ta­vi­dan ga­mo­iw­via mi­si are­va. aq Cnde­ba ra­Rac ise­Ti, ra­sac ,,me­sa­me
bu­ne­bas” uwo­de­ben. me­sa­me bu­ne­ba, ro­me­lic me­o­ris gag­r­Ze­le­baa, mar­Tavs mas. is afar­To­vebs me­o­re
bu­ne­bis SezRu­dul mxa­re­ebs. mas Se­uZ­lia sxvag­va­rad da ax­le­bu­rad in­for­ma­ci­is for­mi­re­ba, daC­
qa­re­ba, gam­rav­le­ba, da­yo­fa, vi­de­oC­ve­ne­bis Sec­v­la da ga­moS­ve­ba Cven­Tan sxva wya­ro­dan. mi­si mi­za­nia
aRad­gi­nos dro­sa da siv­r­ces So­ris wo­nas­wo­ro­ba (ix. ,,me­o­re bu­ne­ba”). ma­ga­li­Tis­T­vis Se­iZ­le­ba
mo­viy­va­noT te­leg­ra­fi, ro­me­lic pir­ve­li war­ma­te­bu­li teq­no­lo­gi iyo da Se­eZ­lo in­for­ma­cia
ga­da­e­ca da mi­e­Ro uf­ro mci­re dro­Si, vid­re ada­mi­ans ra­i­me sag­nis er­Ti ad­gi­li­dan me­o­re­ze ga­da­
sa­ad­gi­leb­lad sWir­de­ba.
am­g­va­rad, me­o­re da me­sa­me bu­ne­bis ga­mo­ye­ne­bi­sas sa­zo­ga­do­e­bam Se­iZ­le­ba ga­mo­i­ye­nos da ga­mo­i­Zi­
os Se­saZ­leb­lo­be­bis axa­li veq­to­ri, sa­dac in­for­ma­cia Se­iZ­le­ba Ca­mo­ya­lib­des ur­Ti­er­T­q­me­de­ba­Ta
axa­li for­me­bis Seq­m­nis miz­niT.
 Te­mas­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bu­li ter­mi­ne­bi
dRes­dRe­o­biT, ga­mo­ye­ne­bul ter­min­Ta um­rav­le­so­ba asa­xavs msof­lio eko­no­mi­ku­ri wes­ri­gis na­
Te­sa­ur, mag­ram gan­s­x­va­ve­bul as­peq­tebs. ,,in­for­ma­ci­u­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba” uf­ro yov­lis­mom­c­ve­li xde­
ba iq, sa­dac eko­no­mi­ka am­g­va­ri sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis na­wi­lia.
in­for­ma­ci­u­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba es aris sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba, ro­mel­Sic Seq­m­na, ga­na­wi­le­ba, gav­r­ce­le­ba, da­
ner­g­va da mi­mar­T­va in­for­ma­ci­as­Tan war­mo­ad­gens mniS­v­ne­lo­van na­wils eko­no­mi­kur, po­li­ti­kur da
kul­tu­rul cxov­re­ba­Si.
in­dus­t­ri­u­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba - ter­mi­ni ga­mo­i­ye­ne­ba eko­no­mi­ku­ri or­ga­ni­za­ci­i­sa da so­ci­a­lu­ri wes­
ri­gis gan­sa­kuT­re­bu­li for­mis aR­sa­we­rad. in­dus­t­ri­u­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis ma­xa­si­a­Teb­le­bia: war­mo­e­
bis pro­ce­sis av­to­ma­ti­za­cia da ko­mer­ci­a­li­za­cia; ag­ra­rul seq­to­r­Si da­saq­me­bu­li mo­sax­le­o­bis
wi­lis swra­fi Sem­ci­re­ba; Si­na­me­ur­ne­o­bis ga­mo­yo­fa war­mo­e­bi­sa­gan; er­Ti­an ba­zar­sa da mo­ne­ta­rul
sis­te­ma­ze da­fuZ­ne­bu­li erov­nul-li­be­ra­lu­ri sa­xel­m­wi­fo­e­bis war­mo­So­ba; ur­ba­ni­za­cia; stra­ti­
fi­ka­ci­is tra­di­ci­u­li sqe­me­bis rRve­va da swra­fi so­ci­a­lu­ri mo­bi­lu­ro­ba; kla­sob­ri­vi kon­f­liq­
te­bis in­s­ti­tu­ci­o­na­li­za­cia; mox­ma­re­bi­sa da so­ci­a­lu­ri ke­Til­dRe­o­bis zrda;11
pos­tin­dus­t­ri­u­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba gu­lis­x­mobs war­mo­e­bis uf­ro mo­der­ni­ze­bul re­Jim­ze ga­das­v­las,
ra­sac mo­aqvs cvli­le­be­bi sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis so­ci­a­lur struq­tu­ra­Si. pos­tin­dus­t­ri­u­li sa­zo­ga­do­
e­bi­saT­vis da­ma­xa­si­a­Te­be­lia: sa­in­for­ma­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis do­mi­nan­tu­ri ro­li; mox­ma­re­bi­s, da
ara war­mo­e­bis, pri­o­ri­te­ti; tran­s­na­ci­o­na­lu­ri kor­po­ra­ci­e­bis swra­fi zrda; fi­nan­su­ri baz­ris
glo­ba­li­za­cia; so­ci­a­lu­ri frag­men­ta­cia da axa­li, mra­val­gan­zo­mi­le­bi­a­ni so­ci­a­lu­ri iden­to­bis
Ca­mo­ya­li­be­ba, eko­no­mi­ku­ri ka­pi­ta­lis Ca­nac­v­le­ba e.w. ada­mi­a­nu­ri ka­pi­ta­liT, anu eko­no­mi­ku­ri
eli­taruli klasis Ca­nac­v­le­ba in­te­leq­tu­a­le­bi­sa da me­ne­je­re­bis axa­li kla­siT da a.S.12
pos­t­for­diz­mi war­mo­e­bis or­ga­ni­za­ci­is me­To­di gan­vi­Ta­re­bul in­dus­t­ri­ul sa­zo­ga­do­e­beb­Si,
ro­me­lic hen­ri for­dis sa­xels ukav­Sir­de­ba. mi­u­xe­da­vad imi­sa, rom fordizmi da postfordizmi
um­Tav­re­sad war­mo­e­bis pro­cess ukav­Sir­de­ba, isi­ni xSi­rad ga­mo­i­ye­ne­bian maT­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bul
so­ci­a­lur da po­li­ti­kur Se­de­geb­Tan mi­mar­Te­ba­Si.13 igi­vea, rac ne­o­for­diz­mi. da­kav­Si­re­bu­lia
kom­pi­u­te­re­bi­sa da ro­bo­to­teq­ni­kis war­mo­e­bis sfe­ro­Si ga­mo­ye­ne­ba­sa da ase­ve ma­Ti meS­ve­o­biT
in­for­ma­ci­i­sa da sa­qon­lis gac­v­lis axal Se­saZ­leb­lo­beb­Tan. for­diz­mis sa­pi­ris­pi­rod, pos­t­for­
dis­tu­li epo­qis ni­Sans war­mo­ad­gens mo­cu­lo­biT Se­da­re­biT mci­re sa­war­mo­e­bi da war­mo­e­bis moq­
ni­lo­ba (war­mo­e­bis pro­fi­lis ad­vi­li Sec­v­la).*14
pos­t­mo­der­niz­mis cne­ba so­ci­a­lur mec­ni­e­re­beb­Si Se­mo­vi­da ar­qi­teq­tu­ri­dan, igi Se­mo­i­ta­na ame­
ri­kel­ma ar­qi­teq­tu­ris Te­o­re­ti­kos­ma, jen­q­s­ma, 1976 wels; mim­di­na­re­o­ba so­ci­o­lo­gi­a­Si, ase­ve
sxva mec­ni­e­re­beb­Si. postmodernizmis Ta­nax­mad, Ta­na­med­ro­ve sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba­Si gar­k­ve­u­lo­bis yve­la
ele­men­ti dar­R­ve­u­lia da sa­eW­vo­daa miC­ne­u­li, mas­Si ada­mi­a­ne­bis cxov­re­bis pi­ro­be­bi glo­ba­lu­ri
*11
ix: socialur da politikur terminTa leqsikoni–cnobari / [sared.: jgufi: eduard kodua da sxv; gamomc.: laSa
beraia] - Tb.: logos presi, 2004 - 351gv.; www.nplg.gov.ge/gwdict/index.php?a=term&d=6&t=4425
*12
iqve: gv. 351;
*13
iqve: gv. 351;
*14
iqve: gv. 351;
17
da frag­men­tu­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis xa­si­aTs iRebs da ar ar­se­bobs Se­fa­se­bis ab­so­lu­tu­ri we­se­bi da
kri­te­ri­u­me­bi.15
kav­Sir­gab­mu­lo­bis da te­le­ma­ti­ku­ri mom­sa­xu­re­ba (sa­te­le­fo­no mom­sa­xu­re­ba, mo­na­ce­me­bis ga­da­ce­
ma, sxva in­for­ma­ci­is mi­Re­ba teq­s­tis sa­xiT (we­ri­lo­bi­Ti-fos­tiT), te­leg­ra­miT, te­leq­siT, faq­siT
da sxva;16
,,sa­in­for­ma­cio pe­ri­o­di” es aris dro­is SezRu­du­li mo­nak­ve­Ti, rad­ga­nac, is da­kav­Si­re­bu­lia
kom­pi­u­te­re­bis far­Tod ga­mo­ye­ne­bi­sa da amis Se­de­gad mi­Re­bul cod­na­ze da­fuZ­ne­bu­li eko­no­mi­kis
aR­mo­ce­ne­bis oc­da­aT­w­li­a­ni dro­is Su­a­led­Tan.
sa­in­for­ma­cio Su­a­ma­va­li (pro­va­i­de­ri)17 - ro­me­lic ka­no­nis, nor­ma­ti­u­li aq­tis an xel­Sek­ru­le­bis
sa­fuZ­vel­ze axor­ci­e­lebs me­sa­me pi­ris sa­in­for­ma­cio teq­no­lo­gi­as­Tan daS­ve­bas, ag­reT­ve in­for­ma­
ci­is gav­r­ce­le­ba­s, da­mu­Sa­ve­bas­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bul mom­sa­xu­re­o­bas.
sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio in­f­ras­t­ruq­tu­ra – te­ri­to­ri­u­lad ga­na­wi­le­bul sa­xel­m­wi­fo da
ker­Zo sa­in­for­ma­cio sis­te­me­bis, sa­te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio qse­le­bis, maT So­ris kav­Sir­gab­mu­lo­bis xa­ze­
bis, mo­na­cem­Ta ga­da­ce­mis qse­le­bi­sa da ar­xe­bis, sa­in­for­ma­cio na­ka­de­bis ko­mu­ta­ci­i­sa18 da mar­T­vis
sa­Su­a­le­be­bis, ag­reT­ve or­ga­ni­za­ci­u­li struq­tu­re­bisa da sa­mar­T­leb­riv-nor­ma­ti­u­li ad­mi­nis­t­ra­
ci­u­li me­qa­niz­me­bis fi­zi­ku­ri kav­Si­ri, ro­me­lic uz­run­vel­yofs sa­in­for­ma­cio pro­duq­te­bi­sa da
mom­sa­xu­re­o­bis war­mo­e­ba­sa da bo­lo mom­x­ma­reb­lam­de mi­wo­de­bas.
kom­pi­u­te­ru­li re­vo­lu­cia es aris me-20 sa­u­ku­nis me­o­re na­xev­ris sa­mec­ni­e­ro-teq­ni­ku­ri re­vo­lu­
ci­is erT-er­Ti Zi­ri­Ta­di kom­po­nen­ti, ro­mel­mac di­di gav­le­na mo­ax­di­na sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi cxov­re­bis
yve­la sfe­ro­ze: eko­no­mi­kis, mec­ni­e­re­bis, teq­ni­kis, ga­naT­le­bis, kul­tu­ris gan­vi­Ta­re­ba­ze. kom­pi­u­
te­re­bi Se­ad­ge­nen sam­rew­ve­lo-sa­in­for­ma­cio sis­te­mebs, rom­le­bic axa­li teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis efeq­tu­
rad ga­mo­ye­ne­bis sa­fuZ­vels iZ­le­va.
am Sem­Tx­ve­va­Si sa­in­for­ma­cio eko­no­mi­ka da cod­nis eko­no­mi­ka ukav­Sir­de­ba in­te­leq­tu­a­lu­ri sa­
kuT­re­bis Si­na­arss, ro­me­lic, Se­sa­ba­mi­sad, iyi­de­ba in­for­ma­ci­ul da cod­nis ba­zar­ze.
sa­in­for­ma­cio eko­no­mi­ka (post-sam­rew­ve­lo sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba­Si mar­T­vis we­se­bi) aris mec­ni­e­re­ba, ro­
me­lic ik­v­levs ada­mi­a­nis sa­me­ur­neo saq­mi­a­no­bas, ro­me­lic iT­va­lis­wi­nebs sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi war­mo­
e­bis, ga­na­wi­le­bi­sa da sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis mox­ma­re­bis­T­vis eleq­t­ro­nu­li teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis far­To ga­mo­
ye­ne­bas.
eleq­t­ro­nu­li vaW­ro­ba da eleq­t­ro­nu­li biz­ne­si da­kav­Si­re­bu­lia ga­ri­ge­bis (tran­zaq­ci­is) war­
mo­e­bas­Tan in­ter­ne­tis meS­ve­o­biT. cif­ru­li eko­no­mi­ka kon­cen­t­ri­re­bu­lia ki­ber­ne­ti­ku­li siv­r­cis
bi­te­bis ga­yid­va­ze da ara fi­zi­ku­ri siv­r­cis ato­meb­ze.
qse­lur eko­no­mi­ka­Si upi­ra­te­so­ba eni­We­ba qse­lis meS­ve­o­biT biz­ne­sis ko­leq­ti­ur saq­mi­a­no­bas,
ro­de­sac is saq­mi­a­ni eko­sis­te­mis na­wils war­mo­ad­ge­ns da ara cal­ke­ul da­mo­u­ki­de­bel er­Te­uls.
so­ci­a­lu­ri ga­er­Ti­a­ne­ba qsel­Si gu­lis­x­mobs Ta­nam­S­rom­lo­bis pro­cess glo­ba­lu­ri mas­S­ta­biT.
in­ter­ne­tu­li eko­no­mi­ka efuZ­ne­ba in­ter­ne­tiT amoq­me­de­bul ba­zars. cod­nis mi­wo­de­bis sam­sa­xu­
re­bi srul­yo­fen eko­no­mi­kur kon­teqsts. cod­nis mi­wo­de­bis sam­sa­xu­re­bi aer­Ti­a­ne­ben or­ga­ni­za­ci­is
Sig­niT cod­nis me­nej­ments, rom­le­bic am cod­nis mim­wo­deb­le­bi da cod­niT mo­vaW­re­e­bi ari­an.
mi­u­xe­da­vad imi­sa, rom er­Ti Se­xed­viT yve­la ter­mi­ni si­no­ni­me­bad mo­Cans, yo­ve­li maT­ga­ni asa­xavs
er­Ti da ima­ve sa­kiTxis an sag­nis ar­se­biT ni­u­anss, an od­nav gan­s­x­va­ve­bul xed­vas. Ti­To­e­u­li ter­
mi­ni war­mo­ad­gens eko­no­mi­ku­ri saq­mi­a­no­bis sa­va­ra­u­do xa­si­a­Tis erT ni­Sans mo­ma­val post-in­dus­t­
ri­ul sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba­Si. al­ter­na­ti­vis sa­xiT axa­li eko­no­mi­ku­ri wes­ri­gi ga­a­er­Ti­a­nebs yve­la ze­moT
­Ca­moT­v­lils, ase­ve, yve­la im at­ri­buts, ro­me­lic es-esaa Cnde­ba.
18
iqve: gv. 351; www.nplg.gov.ge/gwdict/index.php?a=term&d=6&t=5898
www.gncc.ge/index.php?sec_id=50500&letter=%E1%83%A2
17
ix: saqarTvelos kanoni informatizaciis Sesaxeb; Tavi I. zogadi debulebani muxli 1 (16)
18
komutacia – eleqtrodenis mimarTulebis Secvla. cvladi denis gardaqmna mudmiv denad specialuri aparatis
saSualebiT.
*15
16
 msof­lio sa­mi­ti in­for­ma­ci­ul sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba­ze
ga­e­ros ge­ne­ra­lu­ri asam­b­le­is 2001 wlis 21 de­kem­b­ris #56/18319 re­zo­lu­ci­iT dam­t­kic­da, rom
in­for­ma­ci­ul sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba­ze msof­lio sa­mi­ti gaimarTeboda or eta­pad. pir­ve­li eta­pi Sed­ga 2003
wlis 10 -12 de­kem­bers, Je­ne­va­Si20, xo­lo me­o­re - 2005 wlis 16 -18 de­kem­bers, tu­nis­Si21.
mTa­va­ri amo­ca­na pir­vel etap­ze iyo po­li­ti­ku­ri ne­bis mka­fio ga­mo­xat­va da kon­k­re­tu­li na­bi­je­
bis ga­dad­g­ma, ra­Ta sa­fuZ­ve­li Cay­ro­da in­for­ma­ci­ul sa­zo­ga­do­e­bas, ro­me­lic aer­Ti­a­nebda yve­las
da asa­xavda ar­se­biT in­te­re­sebs.
sa­mits Je­ne­va­Si es­w­re­bo­da 50-mde sa­xel­m­wi­fos pre­zi­den­ti da vi­ce-pre­zi­den­ti, 82 mi­nis­t­ri,
26 mi­nis­t­ris mo­ad­gi­le 175 qvey­ni­dan, ase­ve sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so or­ga­ni­za­ci­e­bis, ker­Zo seq­to­rias da
sa­mo­qa­la­qo sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis ma­Ral­Ci­no­sa­ni war­mo­mad­gen­le­bi. yve­la maT­gan­ma ga­mo­xa­ta po­li­ti­ku­ri
mxar­da­We­ra Je­ne­vis dek­la­ra­ci­is22 prin­ci­pe­bi­sa da Je­ne­vis sa­moq­me­do plat­for­mis23 mi­marT, ro­
me­lic dam­t­kic­da 2003 wlis 12 de­kem­bers. mTli­a­no­ba­Si, 175 qvey­ni­dan 11 000 war­mo­mad­ge­nel­ze
met­ma mi­i­Ro mo­na­wi­le­o­ba sa­mi­tis mu­Sa­o­ba­sa da mas­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bul sxva Ro­nis­Zi­e­beb­Si.
me­o­re etap­ze mTa­va­ri amo­ca­na iyo Je­ne­vis sa­moq­me­do geg­mis gan­xor­ci­e­le­ba, ase­ve ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­
be­bis mi­Re­ba da Se­Tan­x­me­bis miR­we­va in­ter­net-mar­T­vi­sa da fi­nan­su­r sfe­ro­Si Je­ne­vi­sa da tu­ni­sis
do­ku­men­te­bis mo­ma­va­li qme­de­be­bis gan­sazR­v­ri­saT­vis.
sa­mi­tis me­o­re etaps tu­nis­Si es­w­re­bo­da 50-mde sa­xel­m­wi­fos pre­zi­den­ti da vi­ce-pre­zi­den­ti,
197 mi­nis­t­ri, mi­nis­t­ris mo­ad­gi­le 174 qvey­ni­dan, ase­ve, sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so or­ga­ni­za­ci­e­bis, ker­Zo seq­
to­ri­sa da sa­mo­qa­la­qo sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis ma­Ral­Ci­nos­ne­bi. maT mxari dauWires tu­ni­sis val­de­bu­le­
be­bs, ro­me­lic mi­Re­bul iq­na 2005 wlis 18 no­em­bers. 174 qvey­ni­dan 19 000 wa­mo­mad­ge­nel­ze met­ma
mi­i­Ro mo­na­wi­le­o­ba sa­mi­tis mu­Sa­o­ba­sa da mas­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bul Ro­nis­Zi­e­beb­Si.
 cif­ru­li re­vo­lu­cia
cif­rul­ma re­vo­lu­ci­am, rom­elsac sa­fuZ­v­lad da­e­do sa­in­for­ma­cio da sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­
lo­gi­e­bis miR­we­ve­bi, fun­da­men­tu­rad Sec­va­la az­rov­ne­bis xa­si­a­Ti, qce­va, ur­Ti­er­To­ba, ada­mi­an­Ta
saq­mi­a­no­ba da fu­lis ga­mo­mu­Sa­ve­bis xer­xi. man sa­xe uc­va­la eko­no­mi­ki­sa da biz­ne­sis, sa­xel­m­wi­fo­sa
da po­li­ti­ku­ri pro­ce­se­bis mar­T­vas. da­aC­qa­ra hu­ma­ni­ta­ru­li da sa­me­di­ci­no dax­ma­re­bis ga­we­va, ase­
ve, Se­saZ­leb­lo­ba mog­v­ca ax­le­bu­rad Seg­ve­xe­da ga­re­mos­dac­vi­Ti prob­le­me­bi­saT­vis. mi­si wya­lo­biT
gaC­n­da gar­To­bi­sa da Ta­vi­su­fa­li dro­is ga­sa­ta­reb­lad axa­li ad­gi­le­bi. in­for­ma­ci­i­sa da cod­nis
xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­ba wi­na­pi­ro­baa axa­li aTas­w­le­u­lis amo­ca­na­Ta ga­da­saW­re­lad; is sa­Su­a­le­bas gvaZ­
levs ga­um­jo­bes­des cxov­re­bis do­ne mi­li­o­no­biT ada­mi­a­ni­saT­vis mTel msof­li­o­Si. uf­ro me­tic,
ada­mi­a­nebs So­ris ur­Ti­er­To­be­bis sa­Su­a­le­ba­Ta srul­yo­fa ex­ma­re­ba kon­f­liq­te­bis ga­daW­ras da
xels uwyobs msof­li­o­Si mSvi­do­bis miR­we­vas.
 ,,cif­ru­li da­yo­fa”
mi­u­xe­da­vad imi­sa, rom cif­rul­ma re­vo­lu­ci­am ga­a­far­To­va ,,msof­lio xis” sazR­v­re­bi, msof­li­os
di­di na­wi­li jer ki­dev ar aris Car­Tu­li am pro­ces­Si. cod­na­sa da ar­cod­nas So­ris mzard uf­s­k­
rul­Tan er­Tad iz­r­de­ba qve­ya­na­Si mdid­reb­sa da Ra­ri­bebs So­ris gan­vi­Ta­re­bis uf­s­k­ru­lic, ise­ve,
ro­gorc mdi­dar da Ra­rib qvey­nebs So­ris uf­s­k­ru­li. ami­tom, msof­lio sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis wi­na­Se dgas
amo­ca­na aR­mo­ifx­v­ras es ,,cif­ru­li da­yo­fa” da ICT-is swra­fi gan­vi­Ta­re­bis gziT ga­a­far­To­vos uax­
le­si teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis cod­na.
19
gaeros generaluri asambleis rezolucia #56/183,,umaRlesi donis msoflio Sexvedra
informaciul sakiTxebze”; eleqtronuli versia ixileT veb gverdze: www.itu.int/wsis/docs/background/resolutions/56_183_unga_2002-ru.pdf
20
informaciul sazogadoebaze msoflio samitis pirveli, Jenevis etapi; www.un.org/russian/conferen/wsis/geneva.htm
21
informaciul sazogadoebaze msoflio samitis meore, tunisis etapi: www.un.org/russian/conferen/wsis/index.htm
22
Jenevis deklaracia; www.un.org/russian/conferen/wsis/dec.pdf
23
Jenevis samoqmedo gegma; www.un.org/russian/conferen/wsis/plan.pdf
19
 msof­lio sa­mi­ti: glo­ba­lu­ri dis­ku­si­is auci­leb­lo­ba
mas Sem­deg, rac sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­e­bis kav­Sir­ma ga­ac­no­bi­e­ra, rom axa­li di­na­mi­u­ri
pro­ce­se­bi iTxovs glo­ba­lur gan­xil­vas, ga­e­ros Ses­Ta­va­za msof­lio sa­mi­tis or­ga­ni­ze­ba in­for­
ma­ci­ul sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba­ze da am sa­kiTxis Se­ta­na dRis wes­rig­Si. es ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­ba mi­Re­bul iq­na
tu­ni­sis mTav­ro­bis mxar­da­We­riT sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­e­bis kav­Si­ris sru­luf­le­bi­an kon­
fe­ren­ci­a­ze, ro­me­lic 1998 wels ga­i­mar­Ta q. mi­ne­a­po­lis­Si (re­zo­lu­cia #73).24
2001 wels sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­e­bis kav­Sir­ma ga­dawy­vi­ta sa­mi­tis Ca­ta­re­ba or eta­pad:
pir­ve­li - 2003 wlis 10 -12 de­kem­bers Je­ne­va­Si, xo­lo me­o­re - 2005 wlis 16 -18 no­em­bers, tu­nis­Si.
ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­ba dam­t­kic­da ga­e­ros ge­ne­ra­lu­ri asam­b­le­a­ze (re­zo­lu­cia 56/183). am ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­
bis Ta­nax­mad wam­y­va­ni or­ga­ni­za­ci­is ro­li sxva da­in­te­re­se­bul or­ga­ni­za­ci­eb­Tan da par­t­ni­o­reb­Tan
Ta­nam­S­rom­lo­biT mi­e­ni­Wa sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­e­bis kav­Sirs. mza­de­ba sa­mi­tis gan­sa­xor­ci­
e­leb­lad dro­i­sa da pi­ro­be­bis Se­uzRu­da­vad Se­Ta­va­ze­bul iq­na sa­uwye­ba­Ta­So­ri­so mo­sam­za­de­be­li
ko­mi­te­tis­T­vis, ro­mel­sac un­da mo­em­za­de­bi­na sa­mi­tis Ro­nis­Zi­e­be­bis prog­ra­ma, ga­ne­xi­la sxva da­
in­te­re­se­bu­li mxa­re­e­bis mo­na­wi­le­o­bis pi­ro­be­bi da mi­e­ca sa­bo­loo for­ma dek­la­ra­ci­is wi­nas­war
mom­za­de­bu­li teq­s­ti­sa da wi­nas­wa­ri sa­moq­me­do geg­mi­saT­vis.
 in­for­ma­ci­u­l sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba­ze msof­lio sa­mi­tis is­to­ria da war­mo­So­ba
sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­e­bis kav­Si­ris #73 re­zo­lu­ci­iT (mi­ne­a­po­li­si, 1998 w.) mi­Re­bul
iq­na ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­ba ge­ne­ra­lur mdi­vans ga­e­ros ad­mi­nis­t­ra­ci­u­li sab­Wos­T­vis ko­or­di­na­ci­is sa­
kiTxeb­Si (am­Ja­mad ga­e­ros mTa­va­ri aR­mas­ru­le­be­li sab­Wo) Se­e­Ta­va­ze­bi­na in­for­ma­ci­ul sa­zo­ga­do­e­
ba­ze msof­lio sa­mi­tis mow­ve­vis sa­kiTxis dRis wes­rig­Si Se­ta­na da Se­de­ge­bis mox­se­ne­ba sab­Wos­T­vis,
sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­e­bis kav­Si­ris mmar­T­ve­li or­ga­nos­T­vis. am sa­kiTx­Tan da­kav­Si­re­biT
1999 wels sab­Wos se­si­a­ze ge­ne­ra­lur­ma mdi­van­ma an­ga­riS­Si aR­niS­na, rom ga­e­ros ad­mi­nis­t­ra­ci­u­li
sab­Wo ko­or­di­na­ci­is sa­kiTxeb­Si da­de­bi­Tad ga­mo­ex­ma­u­ra am wi­na­da­de­bas da sxva or­ga­ni­za­ci­e­bi­ca
da sa­a­gen­to­e­bic da­in­te­res­d­nen sa­mi­tis Ca­ta­re­biT. mi­Re­bul iq­na ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­ba, rom sa­mi­ti Ca­
tar­de­bo­da ga­e­ros ge­ne­ra­lu­ri mdiv­nis pat­ro­na­JiT da mis mom­za­de­ba­Si wam­y­va­ni ro­li da­e­kis­re­
bo­da sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­e­bis kav­Sirs.
ga­e­ros ge­ne­ra­lur­ma asam­b­le­am #56/183 re­zo­lu­ci­iT da­am­t­ki­ca sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­
ci­is kav­Si­ris mi­er Se­Ta­va­ze­bu­li sa­mi­tis Ca­ta­re­bis Car­Co­e­bi, ase­ve sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­
ci­is kav­Si­ris wam­y­va­ni ro­li sa­mi­tis Ca­ta­re­ba­sa da mom­za­de­ba­Si sxva da­in­te­re­se­bul or­ga­ni­za­ci­
eb­Tan da par­t­ni­o­reb­Tan Ta­nam­S­rom­lo­biT.
Sem­d­gom, #56/183 re­zo­lu­ci­iT, ga­e­ros ge­ne­ra­lu­ri asam­b­le­is mi­er re­ko­men­di­re­bul iq­na sa­
mi­tis mom­za­de­ba yo­vel­g­va­ri dro­i­sa da pi­ro­be­bis SezRud­vis ga­re­Se da­e­va­le­bi­naT sa­uwye­ba­Ta­
So­ri­so mo­sam­za­de­be­li ko­mi­te­ti­saT­vis, ro­me­lic gan­sazR­v­rav­da sxva da­in­te­re­se­bu­li mxa­re­e­bis
mo­na­wi­le­o­bis pi­ro­bebs da mis­cem­da sa­bo­loo sa­xes dek­la­ra­ci­is prin­ci­pe­bis wi­nas­war mom­za­de­
bul teq­s­t­sa da sa­moq­me­do geg­mas. asam­b­le­am Ses­Ta­va­za sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­e­bis kav­Sirs
Ta­vis Tav­ze aeRo mmar­T­ve­li ro­li sa­mi­tis aR­mas­ru­le­bel sam­div­no­Si da mo­ew­via sxva­das­x­va qvey­
nis mTav­ro­ba, ra­Ta aq­ti­u­rad Car­Tu­liy­v­nen sa­mi­tis mom­za­de­bis pro­ces­Si da rac Se­iZ­le­ba ma­Ral
do­ne­ze mi­e­RoT mo­na­wi­le­o­ba sa­mi­tis mu­Sa­o­ba­Si.
ga­e­ros ge­ne­ra­lu­ri asam­b­lea #56/183 re­zo­lu­ci­a­Si, ase­ve, mi­e­sal­ma sa­mi­tis mom­za­de­bi­sa da
mim­di­na­re­o­bis pro­ces­Si ga­e­ros yve­la Se­sa­ba­mi­si struq­tu­ri­sa da sxva sa­uwye­ba­Ta­So­ri­so or­ga­ni­
za­ci­e­bis, maT So­ris, sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so, re­gi­o­na­lu­ri da ara­sam­Tav­ro­bo or­ga­ni­za­ci­e­bis, sa­mo­qa­la­qo
sa­zo­ga­do­e­bi­sa da ker­Zo seq­to­ris mo­na­wi­le­o­bas.
20
24
informacia xelmisawvdomia eleqtronul misamarTze: www.itu.int/wsis/docs/background/resolutions/73.html
po­li­ti­kis axa­li sa­xe­e­bi
 pe­ki­ni­dan msof­lio sa­mi­tam­de in­for­ma­ci­ul sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba­ze
sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so
te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­is
sab­Wos,
ro­gorc
sa­zo­ga­do­e­
bis
gan­vi­Ta­re­bi­sa
da
tran­s­for­ma­ci­is
in­s­t­ru­men­tis
ro­li,
mud­mi­vi
in­te­re­
sis
sa­ga­nia
sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so
are­na­ze,
gan­sa­kuT­re­biT,
ame­ri­kis
Se­er­Te­bul
Sta­teb­Si.
1995 wels, pe­kin­Si, qal­Ta me­oTxe msof­lio kon­fe­ren­ci­a­ze, ga­dawy­da gar­dam­tex etapad CaT­
v­li­li­yo sa­in­for­ma­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis aRi­a­re­ba, ro­gorc mZlav­ri sa­Su­a­le­ba qa­le­bis mi­er
ma­Ti­ ga­aq­ti­u­re­bis, in­for­ma­ci­is gac­v­li­sa da sa­ku­Ta­ri gav­le­nis gaZ­li­e­re­bi­saT­vis. vir­tu­a­
lur­ma sa­zo­ga­do­e­bam, ro­me­lic kon­fe­ren­ci­is Se­de­gad war­mo­iS­va pe­kin­Si, da­sa­ba­mi da­u­do qal­
Ta or­ga­ni­za­ci­e­bis sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so eleq­t­ro­nul qsels. es qse­li ar­se­bobs dRe­sac da mud­mi­vad
far­Tov­de­ba. pe­ki­nis kon­fe­ren­cia iyo pir­ve­li sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so kon­fe­ren­cia, ro­mel­zec gan­xi­
lul iq­na qa­leb­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bu­li re­a­lu­ri prob­le­me­bi. kon­fe­ren­ci­a­ze, ase­ve, iq­na gan­xi­lu­
li sa­in­for­ma­cio da sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bi, Tum­ca kon­fe­ren­ci­is prog­ra­mis Zi­ri­Tad sa­
kiTxeb­Tan gan­ye­ne­bu­lad. 2000 wlis sa­moq­me­do geg­mis Ses­ru­le­bis Se­sa­xeb mi­mo­xil­va­Si aR­niS­
nu­lia Se­saZ­leb­lo­be­bis zrda, ro­me­lic sa­Su­a­le­bas aZ­levs qa­lebs ICT ga­mo­i­ye­non cod­nis ga­
zi­a­re­bis, kon­taq­te­bis dam­ya­re­bi­sa da eleq­to­nu­li vaW­ro­bisa­T­vis. mag­ram mi­mo­xil­va­Si, ase­ve,
aR­niS­nu­lia, rom si­Ra­ri­be, sa­te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio in­f­ras­t­ruq­tu­ra­ze xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­bis SezRud­va,
enob­ri­vi ba­ri­e­ri, kom­pi­u­te­ris ga­mo­ye­ne­bis Se­uZ­leb­lo­ba, ase­ve, ga­naT­le­bis da­ba­li do­ne, ab­
r­ko­lebs qa­lebs ga­mo­i­ye­non sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bi, maT So­ris in­ter­ne­ti.
pe­ki­nis kon­fe­ren­ci­is mu­Sa­o­ba­Si mniS­v­ne­lo­va­ni wvli­li Se­i­ta­na, ase­ve, mec­ni­e­re­bi­sa da teq­no­lo­
gi­e­bis gan­vi­Ta­re­bis sa­kiTxeb­­Si ga­e­ros ko­mi­si­am. man yo­vel­m­x­riv Se­is­wav­la gen­de­rul kuT­v­ni­le­ba­
sa da gan­vi­Ta­re­bas, mec­ni­e­re­ba­sa da teq­no­lo­gi­ebs So­ris ur­Ti­er­T­kav­Si­ri. es mu­Sa­o­ba da­ma­je­reb­
lad am­t­ki­ceb­da, rom se­ri­o­zu­li gen­de­ru­li gan­s­x­va­ve­ba ar­se­bob­da teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis ga­mo­ye­ne­ba­sa da
mis xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­bas­Tan da­kav­Si­re­biT. ker­Zod, mec­ni­e­re­bi­sa da teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis gan­vi­Ta­re­bis sa­
kiTxeb­ze ga­e­ros ko­mi­si­is mi­mo­xil­va­Si (UNCSTD) ga­ke­Te­bu­lia das­k­v­na, rom sa­in­for­ma­cio re­vo­lu­ci­am
gver­di auara qa­lebs da in­for­ma­ci­u­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis Se­sa­xeb li­te­ra­tu­ra­Si ara­fe­ria naT­q­va­mi gen­
de­rul prob­le­meb­ze, ase­ve, in­for­ma­ci­ul sa­zo­ga­do­e­bas­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bul kvle­veb­sa da praq­ti­kul
pro­eq­teb­Si ar aris gaT­va­lis­wi­ne­bu­li is gan­sa­kuT­re­bu­li vi­Ta­re­ba, ro­mel­Sic im­yo­fe­bi­an qa­le­bi.
uka­nas­k­nel do­ku­men­teb­Si, ro­me­lic exe­ba teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis sfe­ro­Si sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so po­li­ti­kas, aRi­a­
re­bu­lia sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis ga­mo­ye­ne­ba­Si gen­de­ru­li mo­na­wi­le­o­bis ro­li, xo­lo qa­le­bis
cod­ni­sa da unar-Cve­ve­bis gan­vi­Ta­re­ba sa­in­for­ma­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis xel­mi­saw­vo­mo­bi­sa da ga­mo­ye­ne­bi­
saT­vis gan­sazR­v­ru­lia, ro­gorc Zi­ri­Ta­di amo­ca­na, ro­me­lic dgas in­for­ma­ci­u­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis wi­na­Se.
pe­ki­nis kon­fe­ren­ci­is Ca­ta­re­bis Sem­deg msof­li­o­Si mniS­v­ne­lov­nad gaZ­li­er­da qal­Ta prob­
le­me­bis ga­ge­ba. 1995 wlis Sem­deg qa­le­bi sa­ku­Ta­ri prob­le­me­biT pir­da­pir mi­di­an xe­li­
suf­le­bas­Tan da te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­is struq­tu­reb­Tan. qal­Ta mo­na­wi­le­o­bam pe­ki­nis Sex­ved­
ris mza­de­ba­Si ro­gorc re­gi­o­na­lur, ase­ve msof­lio do­ne­ze, xe­li Se­uwyo qal­Ta ga­er­Ti­
a­ne­bis Seq­m­nas, sa­dac fiq­ro­ben gen­de­rul sa­kiTxeb­sa da qa­le­bis ad­gil­ze ICT po­li­ti­ka­Si.
pir­ve­li mniS­v­ne­lo­va­ni sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so kon­fe­ren­cia, ro­mel­zec ga­ni­xi­les sa­in­for­ma­cio teq­
no­lo­gi­e­bis Se­saZ­leb­lo­be­bi da ma­Ti ro­li gan­vi­Ta­re­bad qvey­neb­Si, iyo qal­Ta ko­mi­te­tis mi­
er 1997 wels Ca­ta­re­bu­li kon­fe­ren­cia - ,,glo­ba­lu­ri cod­na” (GK97). spe­ci­a­lu­rad Se­iq­m­na kon­
fe­ren­ci­is - ,,glo­ba­lu­ri cod­na” – Ca­sa­ta­reb­lad, sxva­das­x­va or­ga­ni­za­ci­i­sa da eleq­t­ro­nu­li
fos­tis meS­ve­o­biT in­ten­si­u­ri lo­bi­re­bis Se­de­gad kon­fe­ren­ci­a­ze mra­va­li mo­na­wi­le Se­ik­ri­ba,
rac mniS­v­ne­lo­va­ni na­bi­ji gax­da geg­ma­Si - ,,gan­vi­Ta­re­ba cod­nis Se­de­gad” – qa­le­bis Ca­sar­Ta­
vad. kon­fe­ren­ci­is mo­na­wi­le­e­bi aq­ti­u­rad iy­v­nen Car­Tul­ni gen­de­ru­li Ta­nas­wo­ro­bis, par­t­ni­
o­ro­bi­sa da sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis gan­vi­Ta­re­bis sa­kiTx­ze ka­no­nis mi­Re­ba­
Si, ro­mel­Sic aR­niS­nu­lia sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis gan­vi­Ta­re­bis zo­gi­er­Ti
prin­ci­pi da xaz­gas­mu­lia ma­ma­kac­Ta da qal­Ta Ta­nas­wo­ri mo­na­wi­le­o­ba ICT-is ga­mo­ye­ne­bi­saT­vis.
21
22
ma­le war­mo­iS­va axa­li ten­den­ci­e­bic. re­zo­lu­ci­is sa­fuZ­vel­ze, ro­me­lic mi­Re­bul iq­
na 1998 wels, te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­is gan­vi­Ta­re­bis sa­kiTxeb­ze organizebul msof­lio kon­
fe­ren­ci­a­ze, Se­iq­m­na sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­e­bis kav­Si­ris gan­vi­Ta­re­bis seq­tor­
Tan ar­se­bu­li spe­ci­a­lis­te­bis spe­ci­a­lu­ri jgu­fi (Task Force). mis amo­ca­neb­Si Se­di­o­
da gan­vi­Ta­re­bad qvey­neb­Si qa­le­bi­sa da ma­ma­ka­ce­bis Ta­nas­wo­ro­bi­sa da sa­mar­T­li­a­no­
bis uz­run­vel­yo­fa te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­i­sa da in­for­ma­ci­u­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis ga­mo­ye­ne­bi­saT­vis.
2000 wels, me­o­re msof­lio kon­fe­ren­ciis - ,,glo­ba­lu­ri cod­na” (GK97) mimdinareobisas, gen­
de­rul sa­kiTxeb­Tan, cod­na­sa da in­for­ma­ci­as­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bu­li aq­ti­vo­be­bis do­ne im­de­nad ma­
Ra­li iyo, rom kon­fe­ren­ci­is far­g­leb­Si ga­i­mar­Ta qal­Ta fo­ru­mi, ro­mel­zec Se­Ta­va­ze­bul iq­na
mTe­li ri­gi re­ko­men­da­ci­e­bi. pe­ki­nis dek­la­ra­ci­i­sa da sa­moq­me­do geg­mis mi­mo­xil­vi­sa da Se­fa­
se­bi­sas (pe­ki­ni +5, iv­ni­si, 2000 w.) ICT-is efeq­tu­ri ga­mo­ye­ne­ba Zi­ri­Tad amo­ca­nad iq­na war­mod­
ge­ni­li sa­mo­mav­lod qal­Ta gan­vi­Ta­re­bi­sa da da­wi­na­u­re­bis­T­vis. 2000 wlis iv­lis­Si sa­er­Ta­So­
ri­so te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­e­bis kav­Sir­ma, ga­e­ros gan­vi­Ta­re­bis prog­ra­mam (UNDP) da ga­e­ros qal­Ta
fon­d­ma (UNIFEM) xe­li mo­a­we­ra ur­Ti­er­T­Se­Tan­x­me­bi­sa da Ta­nam­S­rom­lo­bis me­mo­ran­dums, ro­
me­lic exe­bo­da gen­de­ru­l Tanasworobas te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­i­sa da ICT po­li­ti­kis gan­vi­Ta­re­ba­Si.
2001 wels ga­e­ros ge­ne­ra­lur­ma mdi­van­ma da­a­fuZ­na sa­in­for­ma­cio da sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis
ma­Ral­k­va­li­fi­ci­ur eq­s­per­t­Ta spe­ci­a­lu­ri jgu­fi, ro­mel­mac Se­ad­gi­na 2001 wlis no­em­ber­Si dam­t­ki­ce­bu­
li sa­moq­me­do geg­ma, sa­dac mka­fi­od iyo war­mod­ge­ni­li gen­de­ru­li ana­li­zi da gen­de­ru­li per­s­peq­ti­ve­bi.
eq­s­per­t­Ta spe­ci­a­lu­ri jgu­fis amo­ca­nas war­mo­ad­gen­da ,,ga­e­ros wam­y­va­ni ro­lis uz­run­vel­yo­fa
sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis gan­vi­Ta­re­bi­saT­vis stra­te­gi­is Se­sa­mu­Sa­veb­lad da am
teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis ga­mo­ye­ne­ba yve­la da­in­te­re­se­bu­li mo­na­wi­li­sa da ga­e­ros wev­ri qvey­ne­bis kon­sul­ta­
ci­is sa­fuZ­vel­ze, ase­ve stra­te­gi­u­li par­t­ni­o­ro­bis Seq­m­na ga­e­ros sa­a­gen­to­ebs, ker­Zo me­war­me­ebs,
fi­nan­sur tres­tebs, da­we­se­bu­le­beb­sa da do­no­rebs So­ris, rom­le­bic mo­na­wi­le­o­ben qvey­ne­bis prog­
ra­meb­sa da sxva mniS­v­ne­lo­van da­in­te­re­se­bul mxa­re­ebs So­ris, ga­e­ros re­zo­lu­ci­e­bis Se­sa­ba­mi­sad”.
te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­is gan­vi­Ta­re­bis msof­lio kon­fe­ren­ci­a­ze, ro­me­lic ga­i­mar­Ta 2002 wels, mar­tis
Tve­Si, ga­dawy­da Seq­m­ni­li­yo te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­is gan­vi­Ta­re­bis seq­tor­Si gen­de­ru­li qve­gan­yo­fi­le­ba
(ITU-D), am or­ga­ni­za­ci­is mu­Sa­o­ba­Si upi­ra­te­so­ba mi­e­ni­We­bi­naT gen­de­ru­li sa­kiTxe­bis­T­vis da eq­s­per­t­Ta
spe­ci­a­lu­ri jgu­fi gen­de­rul sa­kiTxeb­Si gar­da­eq­m­naT te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­e­bis gan­vi­Ta­re­bis seq­tor­Tan
ar­se­bul mud­miv­moq­med sa­mu­Sao jgu­fad. kon­fe­ren­ci­a­ze, ase­ve, ga­dawy­da xe­li Sewyo­bo­da in­for­ma­ci­
ul sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba­ze msof­lio sa­mi­tis mu­Sa­o­ba­s da mis Te­ma­ti­ka­Si gen­de­ru­li per­s­peq­ti­ve­bis Car­T­vas.
2002 wlis no­em­ber­Si, se­ul­Si, qal­Ta da­wi­na­u­re­bis sa­kiTxeb­Si ga­e­ros qve­gan­yo­fi­le­bam (DAW)
Ca­a­ta­ra sa­in­for­ma­cio da sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis eq­s­per­t­Ta jgu­fis (EGM) Sex­ved­ra.
Sex­ved­ris mo­na­wi­le­eb­ma mo­iy­va­nes uam­ra­vi ma­ga­li­Ti imis Se­sa­xeb, Tu ro­gor iye­nebs zo­gi­er­
Ti qa­li sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­ebs sa­ku­Ta­ri Ta­vis da­wi­na­u­re­bi­saT­vis. amas­
Ta­na­ve, aR­niS­nes, rom ase­Ti ma­ga­li­Te­bi er­Te­u­lia da iS­vi­a­Tad gvxvde­ba. um­Tav­re­si prob­le­
ma ICT po­li­ti­ka­Si gen­de­ru­li ana­li­zi­sa da Se­sa­ba­mi­si prog­ra­me­bis arar­se­bo­baa. uf­ro me­tic,
mra­va­li qa­lis­T­vis, ar­se­bu­li Si­da ba­ri­e­re­bis gar­da, ro­go­ri­caa: teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis wi­na­Se Si­Si,
nak­le­bi TviT­dajerebuloba da a.S. ro­me­lic xels uS­lis ga­mo­i­ye­non sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­
ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bi, ar­se­bobs spe­ci­fi­ku­ri struq­tu­ru­li gen­de­ru­li ba­ri­e­re­bi, ro­me­lic sa­
Su­a­le­bas ar aZ­levs qa­lebs, ise­ve, aq­ti­u­rad isar­geb­lon sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­
no­lo­gi­e­biT, ro­gorc ma­ma­ka­ceb­ma. ase­Ti ba­ri­e­ria ma­ma­ka­ceb­sa da qa­lebs So­ris uTa­nas­wo­ro­ba
ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­bis mi­Re­bis do­ne­ze, rac xels uS­lis qa­lebs ga­ni­xi­lon sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­
cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bi gan­vi­Ta­re­bis sa­Su­a­le­bad. sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis ga­
mo­ye­ne­bi­sa­gan qa­le­bis izo­la­cia mi­a­niS­nebs ima­sac, rom maT mci­re Se­saZ­leb­lo­ba eq­ne­baT mi­i­
Ron ga­naT­le­ba an mo­ewy­on sam­sa­xur­Si, ar eq­ne­baT xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­ba jan­dac­vis sis­te­ma­sa da sxva
so­ci­a­lur sam­sa­xu­reb­Tan, rac ki­dev uf­ro ga­aZ­li­e­rebs ar­se­bul gen­de­rul uTa­nas­wo­ro­bas.
iunes­kos erT-erT sak­van­Zo prog­ra­mas war­mo­ad­gen­da prog­ra­ma ,,qa­le­bi da mas­me­dia”, rom­lis
far­g­leb­Si moq­me­deb­da ori spe­ci­a­lu­ri pro­eq­ti -,,qsel­Si mo­mu­Sa­ve qa­le­bi” da ,,qa­le­bi esa­ub­
re­bi­an er­T­ma­neTs” (ra­dio sof­lad mcxov­reb­le­bis­T­vis yve­la­ze nak­leb gan­vi­Ta­re­bul qvey­neb­
Si, 1996 w). prog­ra­mis - ,,qa­le­bi da mas­me­dia” - meS­ve­o­biT or­ga­ni­za­cia cdi­lob­da dax­ma­re­bo­
da wevr qvey­nebs ga­ne­vi­Ta­re­bi­naT ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­is, in­for­ma­ci­i­sa da in­for­ma­ci­u­li Se­saZ­leb­lo­
be­bi praq­ti­kul da po­li­ti­kur sfe­ro­eb­Si. prog­ra­me­bi mo­i­cav­da ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­i­sa da in­for­ma­ci­is
gac­v­lis yve­la for­mas, dawye­bu­li sof­lis ub­ra­lo ra­di­op­rog­ra­me­biT, dam­Tav­re­bu­li yve­la­ze
axa­li ma­sob­ri­vi in­for­ma­ci­is eleq­t­ro­nu­li sa­Su­a­le­be­biT. iunes­kos erT-erT amo­ca­nas war­mo­
ad­gen­da yve­la Se­saZ­lo sa­Su­a­le­bis ga­mo­ye­ne­ba in­for­ma­ci­is xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­bis ga­sa­far­To­veb­
lad. prog­ra­ma re­a­lu­rad dax­ma­re­bo­da qalebs da xe­li Se­ewyo ma­Ti aq­ti­u­ri mo­na­wi­le­o­bis­T­
vis sa­zo­ga­do­eb­riv cxov­re­ba­Si. qa­leb­ma ga­i­a­res tre­nin­ge­bi axa­li am­be­bis ga­Su­qe­bis, me­nej­men­tis,
sof­li­sa da sa­Te­mo or­ga­ni­za­ci­eb­Si ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­bis mi­Re­bis sa­kiTxeb­ze. gar­da ami­sa, or­ga­ni­
za­cia aq­ti­u­rad akvirdeboda sqes­Ta uTa­nas­wo­ro­bis sta­tis­ti­kur mo­na­ce­meb­sa da maC­ve­neb­leb­s.
sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis gan­vi­Ta­re­bi­sa da tran­s­for­ma­ci­i­saT­vis sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­
lo­gi­e­bis ro­lis gaT­va­lis­wi­ne­bi­sas ,,cif­ru­li da­yo­fis’’ prob­le­ma iZens gan­sa­kuT­re­bul mniS­
v­ne­lo­bas. auci­le­be­lia, rom ICT-is miR­we­ve­bi qa­le­bi­saT­vis iyos xel­mi­saw­v­do­mi da iq­ces Zi­ri­
Tad sa­Su­a­le­bad sqes­Ta Ta­nas­wo­ro­bis gan­vi­Ta­re­bi­sa da uf­le­ba­mo­si­le­bis ga­far­To­e­bi­saT­vis.
ami­tom, iunes­ko informaciul sazogadoebaze msoflio samitis farglebSi di­a­lo­gi­s, genderul
sakiTxebze msjelobisaTvis iw­vevs yve­la mniS­v­ne­lo­van mxa­res, maT So­ris xe­li­suf­le­bis, pro­
fe­si­u­li ga­er­Ti­a­ne­be­bi­sa da sa­mo­qa­la­qo sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis war­mo­mad­gen­lebs, or­m­x­riv da mra­val­m­
x­riv par­t­ni­o­reb­sa da ker­Zo seq­to­ris war­mo­mad­gen­lebs uf­ro far­To kon­teq­s­tiT sa­mar­T­li­
a­no­bi­sa da Ta­nas­wo­ro­bis prin­cip­ze da­fuZ­ne­bu­li sa­in­for­ma­cio sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis Se­saq­m­ne­lad.
sa­va­ra­u­do kiTx­ve­bi jgu­feb­Si gan­sa­xil­ve­lad (ix. cxri­li 1 da 2)
1. ar­se­bobs Tu ara in­for­ma­ci­u­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis cne­ba Tqvens cxov­re­ba­Si?
2. ra­Si ga­mo­i­xa­te­ba es?
3. ra nak­li aqvs?
4. ra­Si mdgo­ma­re­obs cif­ru­li da­yo­fis ne­ga­ti­u­ri mxa­re­e­bi?
5. ro­gor Se­iZ­le­ba in­for­ma­ci­ul sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba­ze msof­lio sa­mi­tis pe­ki­nis plat­for­mis Se­de­ge­bis
gamoyeneba qal­Ta sru­luf­le­bi­a­no­bi­saT­vis?
me­To­di­kis va­ri­an­te­bi (ixi­leT na­wi­li ,,ro­gor ga­mo­vi­ye­noT mo­ce­mu­li sa­xel­m­ZR­va­ne­lo” Zi­ri­Tad Se­mo­Ta­va­
ze­bul me­To­di­kas­Tan Se­sa­da­reb­lad).
1. in­te­raq­ti­u­li leq­cia
2. jgu­fu­ri gan­xil­ve­bi da ga­mos­v­le­bi
3. cal­ke­u­li ma­ga­li­Te­bis gan­xil­va
4. ,,tvi­nis Stur­mi”
23
24
mo­du­li II
sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so or­ga­ni­za­ci­e­bi da ini­ci­a­ti­ve­bi
yy Si­na­ar­si da Zi­ri­Ta­di amo­ca­ne­bi me­o­re mo­dul­Si sa­u­ba­ria sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so mo­na­wi­le­eb­sa da ma­Ti ini­ci­a­ti­ve­bis Se­sa­xeb. uka­nas­k­nel
wleb­Si far­Tod gav­r­cel­da qse­leb­sa da sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­eb­Tan, ker­Zod,
,,cif­ru­li da­yo­fis” aR­mofx­v­ri­saT­vis mi­mar­Tu­li sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so ini­ci­a­ti­ve­bi. ama­ve dros, iq­m­ne­ba
sul uf­ro da uf­ro me­ti sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so sa­mu­Sao jgu­fi, ro­go­ri­caa ga­e­ros eq­s­per­t­Ta spe­ci­a­lu­
ri jgu­fi sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­eb­Tan da­kav­Si­re­biT da eq­s­per­t­Ta spe­ci­a­lu­ri
jgu­fi, ro­me­lic da­fuZ­n­da di­di rvi­a­nis sa­mit­ze cif­rul Se­saZ­leb­lo­beb­Tan da­kav­Si­re­biT. mo­
dul­Si war­mod­ge­ni­lia or­m­x­riv da mra­val­m­x­riv do­ne­ze Zi­ri­Ta­di sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so mo­na­wi­le­ni da
ma­Ti ini­ci­a­ti­ve­bi.
pir­ve­li na­wi­li: ICT-is ro­li gan­vi­Ta­re­ba­Si
am na­wil­Si ga­ni­xi­le­ba sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so kon­teq­s­ti, ro­mel­Sic mim­di­na­re­obs ICT-is po­li­ti­ka da
mi­si kav­Si­ri sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so gan­vi­Ta­re­bis pro­ce­seb­Tan.
gan­sa­kuT­re­bi­Taa xaz­gas­mu­li is amo­ca­ne­bi, ro­me­lic gan­vi­Ta­re­bis seq­tor­sa da erov­nul sa­in­
for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis wi­na­Se ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­bis mim­Reb sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so sa­zo­ga­
do­e­bis do­ne­ze dgas, ase­ve, Suq­de­ba da­in­te­re­se­bul mxa­re­Ta axa­li mid­go­me­bi da in­for­ma­ci­ul
sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba­ze msof­lio sa­mi­tis mza­de­bis pro­ce­si.
me­o­re na­wi­li: ICT da gen­de­ru­li sa­kiTxe­bi
mo­du­lis me­o­re na­wil­Si gan­xi­lu­lia Se­saZ­leb­lo­be­bi, amo­ca­ne­bi da ris­ke­bi, ro­me­lic ukav­
Sir­de­ba ICT-is gav­r­ce­le­ba­sa da ICT-is seq­to­ris zrdas gen­de­ru­li per­s­peq­ti­ve­bis Tval­saz­ri­siT.
,,cif­ru­li da­yo­fis” msgav­sad, saWiroa ,,gen­de­ru­li da­yo­fis” gaT­va­lis­wi­ne­ba. sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so da
erov­nul sa­moq­me­do geg­me­bis Sed­ge­ni­sas ICT po­li­ti­kis gan­vi­Ta­re­bi­saT­vis. moy­va­ni­lia ,,gen­de­ru­
li da­yo­fis” xa­si­a­Te­bi da ICT po­li­ti­kis di­fe­ren­ci­re­bu­li so­ci­a­lu­ri da eko­no­mi­ku­ri gav­le­na
ma­ma­kac­Ta da qal­Ta cxov­re­ba­ze; Se­Ta­va­ze­bu­lia ICT-Tan qal­Ta xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­bis ga­far­To­e­bis
gze­bi Se­sa­ba­mis pi­ro­beb­Si. ga­ni­xi­le­ba Se­sa­ba­mi­si ga­re­mos Seq­m­nis ele­men­te­bi, ro­me­lic xels Se­
uwyob­da sqes­Ta Ta­nas­wo­ro­bas da aR­mofx­v­ri­da dis­k­ri­mi­na­ci­as.
sa­a­Te­bis ra­o­de­no­ba: 4-6 sa­a­Ti (da­mo­ki­de­bu­lia mo­du­lis pir­vel na­wil­Si gan­xi­lul ICT-Tan da­
kav­Si­re­bul ini­ci­a­ti­ve­bis ra­od
­ e­no­ba­ze).
dam­x­ma­re ma­sa­la:
yy in­for­ma­ci­u­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis mo­na­wi­le­ni
xe­li­suf­le­ba
erov­nu­li Se­mo­sav­le­bis do­ni­sa da in­f­ras­t­ruq­tu­ris mi­u­xe­da­vad yve­la xe­li­suf­le­ba un­da iyos
da­in­te­re­se­bu­li, ra­Ta maT qve­ya­na­Si gan­vi­Tar­des in­for­ma­ci­u­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba. maT un­da iTa­ma­Son
Zi­ri­Ta­di ro­li, ra­Ta uz­run­vel­yon in­for­ma­ci­u­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis upi­ra­te­so­biT sar­geb­lo­ba yve­
la mo­qa­la­qi­saT­vis, ase­ve, ga­na­vi­Ta­ron erov­nu­li da glo­ba­lu­ri po­li­ti­ka da struq­tu­ra, ro­
me­lic in­for­ma­ci­u­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis amo­ca­nebs wyvets. imi­saT­vis, rom mo­sax­le­o­ba dainteresdes
sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­biT, mTav­ro­beb­ma un­da aamaR­lon mo­sax­le­o­bis in­for­mi­
re­bu­lo­ba, ga­a­far­To­on in­for­ma­ci­is xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­ba, ase­ve, sa­fuZ­ve­li Ca­u­ya­ron mo­sax­le­o­bis mi­
er sa­in­for­ma­cio da sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis miR­we­va­Ta ga­mo­ye­ne­bas, rac sa­Su­a­le­bas mis­cems
maT ga­i­um­jo­be­son cxov­re­ba, so­ci­a­lu­ri mom­sa­xu­re­ba da uz­run­vel­yon eko­no­mi­ku­ri zrda.
25
msof­lio sa­mi­tis glo­ba­lu­ri xed­vis po­li­ti­ku­ri mxar­da­We­ra in­for­ma­ci­u­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis Seq­m­na­ze mTe­
li sicxa­diT ga­mov­lin­da 2003 wlis 10-12 de­kem­bers, Je­ne­va­Si, ro­de­sac mTe­li msof­li­os xel­m­ZR­va­ne­leb­ma,
maT So­ris, sa­xel­m­wi­fo­Ta da mTav­ro­ba­Ta 40-ma pre­zi­den­t­ma da vi­ce-pre­zi­den­t­ma, 175 qvey­nis ma­Ra­li wo­de­
bis de­le­gat­ma mo­na­wi­le­o­ba mi­i­Ro sa­in­for­ma­cio sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ze Ca­ta­re­bul msof­lio sa­mi­tis pir­vel etap­ze.
in­for­ma­ci­u­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis Se­sa­xeb Ca­ta­re­bul msof­lio sa­mi­tis me­o­re etap­ze, ro­me­lic 2005 wlis 16-18
no­em­bers ga­i­mar­Ta, tu­nis­Si, ase­ve, mo­na­wi­le­o­ba mi­i­Ro sa­xel­m­wi­fo­Ta da mTav­ro­ba­Ta 40-ze met­ma pre­zi­den­t­ma
da vi­ce-pre­zi­den­t­ma, ra­Ta da­em­t­ki­ce­bi­naT Je­ne­vis sa­mi­tis Se­de­ge­bi da mi­Re­bul ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­ba­Ta re­a­li­
ze­bis Sem­d­go­mi auci­leb­lo­ba.
ker­Zo seq­to­ri
mTav­ro­beb­sa da sa­mo­qa­la­qo sa­zo­ga­do­e­bas­Tan er­Tad ker­Zo seq­to­ri aq­ti­ur rols Ta­ma­Sobs in­for­
ma­ci­ul sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba­Si. is sTa­va­zobs mTels msoflioSi ganviTarebis amocanaTa gadaWris ekonomikurad
sicocxlisunarian models. ker­Zo seq­to­ri xels uwyobs ma­te­ri­a­lu­ri pi­ro­be­bis Seq­m­nas, ro­me­lic uz­run­
vel­yofs glo­ba­lur xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­bas in­for­ma­ci­a­sa da sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis ser­vis­
Tan. ker­Zo seq­to­ris mo­na­wi­le­o­ba sa­mit­Si xels uwyobs eko­no­mi­kur zrdas da par­t­ni­o­ru­li ur­Ti­er­To­be­bis
dam­ya­re­bas, is ex­ma­re­ba teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis gav­r­ce­le­ba­sa da axal teq­no­lo­gi­eb­Tan da­kav­Si­re­biT sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis
in­for­mi­re­bu­lo­bis amaR­le­bas, ase­ve kva­li­fi­ci­u­ri sa­mu­Sao ad­gi­le­bis Seq­m­nas ad­gil­ze da gan­vi­Ta­re­bis sti­
mu­li­re­bas.
ker­Zo seq­to­ri mo­na­wi­le­ob­da sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so sa­vaW­ro pa­la­tas­Tan (ICC) ar­se­buli biz­nes par­t­ni­o­ro­bis sa­
ko­or­di­na­cio ko­mi­te­tis (CCBI) ini­ci­a­ti­viT.
sa­mo­qa­la­qo sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba
sa­mo­qa­la­qo sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba aq­ti­ur rols Ta­ma­Sobs Ta­na­med­ro­ve ten­den­ci­e­bis so­ci­a­lur da kul­tu­ru­li
Se­de­ge­bis gan­sazR­v­ra­Si, pa­su­xis­m­ge­be­lia mi­i­Ros de­mok­ra­ti­ul prin­ci­peb­ze da­fuZ­ne­bu­li stra­te­gi­u­li ga­
dawy­ve­ti­le­ba yve­la do­ne­ze. sa­mo­qa­la­qo sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis mra­val­fe­rov­ne­bi­sa da sxva­das­x­va sa­kiTxe­bi­sad­mi
mis­T­vis da­ma­xa­si­a­Te­be­li praq­ti­ku­li mid­go­mis wya­lo­biT, is mniS­v­ne­lo­van rols Ta­ma­Sobs sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so
par­t­ni­o­ro­bis pro­ce­seb­Si, ris­ke­nac mo­u­wo­debs ga­e­ros ge­ne­ra­lu­ri mdi­va­ni.
mo­sam­za­de­be­li ko­mi­te­tis me­o­re mo­sam­za­de­bel sxdo­ma­ze (PrepCom-2 in­for­ma­ci­ul sa­zo­ga­do­e­baze msof­lio
sa­mi­tis Je­ne­vis etap­i) Se­iq­m­na ,,sa­mo­qa­la­qo sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis sa­kiTx­Ta bi­u­ro”. mas un­da Se­e­mu­Sa­ve­bi­na di­a­lo­gis
war­mo­e­bis me­qa­niz­me­bi mTav­ro­beb­Tan da uz­run­vel­yo in­for­ma­ci­ul sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba­ze msof­lio sa­mi­tis ga­dawy­
ve­ti­le­be­bis mim­Reb Zi­ri­Tad struq­tu­reb­Si sa­mo­qa­la­qo sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis pro­duq­ti­u­li mo­na­wi­le­o­ba. sa­mo­qa­
la­qo sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis sa­kiTx­Ta bi­u­ros Se­mad­gen­lo­ba­Si Se­vid­nen sa­mo­qa­la­qo sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis msxvi­li ga­er­Ti­a­ne­
be­bi, ro­go­ri­caa: sxva­das­x­va kav­Si­ri, mas­me­dia, kul­tu­ris mu­Sa­ke­bi, qa­la­qe­bi­sa da ra­i­o­ne­bis xel­m­ZR­va­ne­le­bi,
ara­sam­Tav­ro­bo or­ga­ni­za­ci­e­bi, eq­s­per­te­bi gen­de­rul sa­kiTxeb­Si, SezRu­du­li Se­saZ­leb­lo­be­bis mqo­ne pi­re­bi,
ub­ra­lo ada­mi­a­ne­bi da a.S. mas­Si Se­vid­nen, ase­ve, sxva­das­x­va mrCev­le­bi (ma­ga­li­Tad, ada­mi­a­nis uf­le­ba­Ta da in­
ter­ne­tis mar­T­vis sa­kiTxeb­Si da a.S.) da kon­k­re­tu­li war­mo­mad­gen­le­bi, ra­Ta uz­run­vel­yon kav­Si­ri qvey­neb­sa
da kon­ti­nen­tebs So­ris.
sa­mo­qa­la­qo da biz­nes seq­to­ris war­mo­mad­gen­leb­ma mi­i­Res mo­na­wi­le­o­ba sa­mi­tis ori­ve eta­pis gax­s­na­Si, Je­
ne­va­sa da tu­nis­Si.
in­for­ma­ci­ul sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba­ze msof­lio sa­mi­tis, pir­ve­li, Je­ne­vis eta­pis uka­nas­k­nel ple­na­rul sxdo­ma­ze,
sa­mi­tis pre­zi­dents, mis aR­ma­te­bu­le­ba ba­ton pas­kal kuS­pens (Pascal Co­uc­he­pin), wa­red­gi­na sa­mo­qa­la­qo sa­zo­ga­
do­e­ba­ze Je­ne­vis dek­la­ra­cia ,,in­for­ma­ci­u­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis for­mi­re­ba ka­cob­ri­o­bis sa­Wi­ro­e­be­bi­saT­vis”. ana­
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lo­gi­u­rad, tu­ni­sis ple­na­rul sxdo­ma­ze bi­u­ros war­mo­mad­ge­nel­ma sa­mo­qa­la­qo sa­kiTxeb­Si, g. ada­ma sa­ma­se­kum
(Adama Sa­massékou) da­am­t­ki­ca sa­mo­qa­la­qo sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba­ze tu­ni­sis dek­la­ra­cia.
ga­e­ro
msof­lio Ta­na­me­gob­ro­bis sa­mit­ze Se­Ta­va­ze­bul iq­na uni­ka­lu­ri Se­saZ­leb­lo­ba ga­e­a­na­li­ze­bi­naT, em­s­je­laT
da mo­ex­di­naT sa­er­To mo­mav­lis for­mu­li­re­ba, vi­na­i­dan dRes, ro­gorc aras­d­ros, isea yve­la qve­ya­na da eri
er­T­ma­neT­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bu­li. ga­e­ros Ta­na­me­gob­ro­ba, ro­me­lic sa­er­To miz­ne­bis mi­saR­we­vad aer­Ti­a­nebs sxva­
das­x­va qveynis mTavrobas, ker­Zo seq­tors, sa­mo­qa­la­qo sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba­sa da sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so sa­zo­ga­do­e­bas, war­
mo­ad­gens cvli­le­ba­Ta ka­ta­li­za­tors. ga­e­ros mTe­li sis­te­ma da mi­si spe­ci­a­li­zi­re­bu­li sa­a­gen­to aq­ti­u­rad
mo­na­wi­le­ob­da sa­mi­tis or­ga­ni­ze­bi­sa da Ca­ta­re­bis pro­ces­Si da ag­r­Ze­lebs mo­na­wi­le­o­bas mi­Re­bul ga­dawy­ve­
ti­le­ba­Ta cxov­re­ba­Si gan­sa­xor­ci­e­leb­lad.
sxva sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so or­ga­ni­za­ci­e­bi
sa­mit­Si mo­na­wi­le­o­bis mi­sa­Re­bad mow­ve­ul iq­na yve­la da­in­te­re­se­bu­li sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so da re­gi­o­na­lu­ri or­
ga­ni­za­cia, rom­elic ar Se­di­s ga­e­ros Se­mad­gen­lo­ba­Si. zo­gi­er­Ti maT­ga­ni gan­sa­kuT­re­biT da­in­te­res­da sa­mi­tiT,
ma­ga­li­Tad, ev­ro­pis sab­Wo (2004 wels Za­la­Si Se­vi­da kon­ven­cia ki­ber-da­na­Sa­u­lis Se­sa­xeb) da fran­ko­fo­noara­bu­li li­ga. sa­mit­Si mo­na­wi­le sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so da re­gi­o­na­lu­ri or­ga­ni­za­ci­e­bis sru­li nus­xa Se­saZ­le­be­lia
mo­vi­Zi­oT Je­ne­vi­sa da tu­ni­sis sa­mi­tis mo­na­wi­le­Ta si­a­Si.
sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so sa­te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio kav­Si­ri (ITU) war­mo­ad­gens ga­e­ros mTa­var sa­a­gen­tos sa­in­for­ma­cio da
sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis sa­kiTxeb­Si. is aris sa­ko­or­di­na­cio cen­t­ri mTav­ro­be­bi­sa da ker­Zo seq­to­ri­
saT­vis ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­i­sa da Se­sa­ba­mi­si mom­sa­xu­re­bis gan­vi­Ta­re­bis sa­kiTxeb­Si. uk­ve 145 we­lia sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so sa­
te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio kav­Si­ri ko­or­di­ni­re­bas uwevs ra­di­o­six­Si­re­e­bis er­Tob­liv ga­mo­ye­ne­bas, xels uwyobs sa­er­
Ta­So­ri­so Ta­nam­S­rom­lo­bas sa­te­li­tu­ri or­bi­te­bis mo­po­ve­ba­Si, mu­Sa­obs te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­is in­f­ras­t­ruq­tu­ris
ga­um­jo­be­se­bi­saT­vis gan­vi­Ta­re­bad qvey­neb­Si, awe­sebs msof­lio stan­dar­tebs sa­i­me­do ur­Ti­er­T­kav­Si­re­bi­saT­vis
gan­s­x­va­ve­bul sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio sis­te­mebs So­ris da xels uwyobs Ta­na­med­ro­ve­o­bis glo­ba­lu­ri prob­le­me­bis glo­ba­lu­ri daT­bo­bi­sa da kom­pi­u­te­ru­li teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis ga­mo­ye­ne­bi­sas usaf­r­Txo­e­bis amaR­le­bis - er­Tob­liv
ga­dawy­ve­tas.
sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so sa­te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio kav­Si­ri or­ga­ni­ze­bas uwevs, ase­ve, msof­lio da re­gi­o­na­lur ga­mo­fe­neb­sa
da fo­ru­mebs, ma­ga­li­Tad ITU TELECOM WORLD, sa­dac iw­ve­ven mTav­ro­bi­sa da sa­te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio da sa­in­for­
ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio in­dus­t­ri­is gav­le­ni­an war­mo­mad­gen­lebs ide­e­bis, cod­ni­sa da teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis ga­sac­v­le­
lad msof­lio Ta­na­me­gob­ro­bis sa­ke­Til­dRe­od gan­vi­Ta­re­ba­di qvey­ne­bi­saT­vis.
sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so sa­te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio kav­Si­ri (ITU) mu­Sa­obs Ta­na­med­ro­ve msof­li­os yve­la sa­xe­o­bis kav­Sir­ze,
in­ter­ne­tis far­To­zo­lo­va­ni ar­xi­dan dawye­bu­li dam­Tav­re­bu­li uka­nas­k­ne­li Ta­o­bis uka­be­lo teq­no­lo­gi­e­
biT, kos­mo­su­ri da sazR­vao na­vi­ga­ci­i­dan - ra­di­o­as­t­ro­no­mi­a­sa da Ta­nam­g­zav­rul me­te­o­ro­lo­gi­am­de, fiq­si­re­
bu­li da mo­bi­lu­ri te­le­fo­ne­bis kon­ver­gen­ci­is25, mi­saw­v­do­mo­bis, mo­na­cem­Ta ga­da­ce­mis, xmo­va­ni kav­Si­ri­sa da
in­ter­ne­tiT te­le-tran­s­la­ci­i­dan - mo­ma­va­li Ta­o­bis kav­Si­ris sis­te­me­bam­de.
sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so sa­te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio kav­Si­ris (ITU) sa­Tao cen­t­ri mde­ba­re­obs Sve­i­ca­ri­a­Si, Je­ne­va­Si. kavSirSi
191 sa­xel­m­wi­fo, 700-ze me­ti seq­to­ris wev­ri da aso­ci­re­bu­li wev­ria.
eq­s­per­t­Ta spe­ci­a­lu­ri jgu­fi cif­rul Se­saZ­leb­lo­beb­ze
eq­s­per­t­Ta spe­ci­a­lu­ri jgu­fi cif­rul Se­saZ­leb­lo­beb­ze (dot for­ce) Se­iq­m­na msof­lio in­for­ma­ci­u­li sa­zo­ga­
do­e­bis Se­sa­xeb oki­na­vas qar­ti­is sa­fuZ­vel­ze, ro­me­lic mi­Re­bul iq­na ki­u­Su-oki­na­vas sa­mit­ze (Kyushu-Okinawa
Sum­mit). es jgu­fi mu­Sa­ob­da sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so cif­ru­li da­yo­fis aR­mofx­v­ri­sa da 2001 wels ita­li­is qa­laq ge­
nu­a­Si da­geg­mil di­di rvi­a­nis sa­mi­tis an­ga­ri­Sis mom­za­de­bi­saT­vis kon­k­re­tu­li na­bi­je­bis Se­sas­wav­lad.
eq­s­per­t­Ta spe­ci­a­lu­ri jgu­fis sa­i­na­gu­ra­cio sxdo­ma (dot for­ce) Sed­ga 27-28 no­em­bers, to­ki­o­Si. mas­Si mo­na­
wi­le­ob­d­nen mTav­ro­be­bis, ker­Zo seq­to­ris, di­di rvi­a­nis hu­ma­ni­ta­ru­li or­ga­ni­za­ci­e­bis, ase­ve, gan­vi­Ta­re­ba­di
qvey­ne­bi­sa da sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so or­ga­ni­za­ci­e­bis war­mo­mad­gen­le­bi. sxdo­ma mim­di­na­re­ob­da sa­ga­reo saq­me­Ta mi­nis­
t­ris, ba­ton ioSi­ji no­ga­mis (Yoshiji Nogami) Tav­m­j­do­ma­re­o­biT. Zi­ri­Ta­di dis­ku­sia sxdo­ma­ze ga­i­mar­Ta Sem­deg
sa­kiTxeb­ze:
1) sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so cif­rul da­yo­fas­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bu­li ar­se­bu­li viTarebis gan­xil­va;
konvergencia - sxvadasxva socialuri da politikuri sistemis, maTi struqturebis TandaTanobiTi daaxloeba
urTierTkavSiris, TanamSromlobisa da urTierTgagebis safuZvelze, arsebiTi winaaRmdegobebis gadalaxva da
serTo maxasiaTeblebis SeZena, rac gansakuTrebiT aqtiurdeba samecniero-teqnikuri ganviTarebis, internacionalizaciisa da globalizaciis procesebis viTarebaSi. ix: socialur da politikur terminTa leqsikoni; 2004;
gv 135;
am SemTxvevaSi satelekomunikacio qselebis konvergencia niSnavs ramdenime, adre dayofil momsaxurebis erT
momsaxurebad gaerTianebas. magaliTad Triple Play - telefonis, internetis, televiziis erT sakabelo internetCarTvad gaerTianeba.
25
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2) spe­ci­a­lu­ri jgu­fis Sem­d­go­mi mu­Sa­o­bis gra­fi­kis Sed­ge­na.
am uka­nas­k­nel­Tan da­kav­Si­re­biT mi­Re­bul iq­na ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­ba, rom an­ga­ri­Sis mo­sam­za­deb­lad sa­Wi­ro iyo
2001 wlis Te­ber­val­Si, an mar­tis da­sawyis­Si, erT-erT gan­vi­Ta­re­bad qve­ya­na­Si me­o­re sxdo­mis or­ga­ni­ze­ba,
xo­lo me­sa­me se­si­is Ca­ta­re­ba sa­Wi­ro iyo da­geg­mi­li­yo 2001 wlis ma­i­sis bo­los ita­li­a­Si.
yy cif­ru­li da gen­de­ru­li da­yo­fa
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mdgomareoba cen­t­ra­lur da aR­mo­sav­leT ev­ro­pa­Si
is­to­ri­u­lad ise mo­ewyo, rom cen­t­ra­lur da aR­mo­sav­leT ev­ro­pis qvey­neb­Si qa­le­bis ga­naT­le­
bis do­ne ise­Ti­ve ma­Ra­li iyo, ro­gorc ma­ma­ka­ce­bis. gar­da ami­sa, ar­se­bob­da Zve­li tra­di­cia, rom
qa­le­bi mu­Sa­ob­d­nen sax­lis ga­reT da Se­ad­gen­d­nen teq­ni­kur mom­sa­xu­re­Ta, nas­wav­l­Ta da in­Ji­ner­Ta
did um­rav­le­so­bas (1998 wlis mo­na­ce­me­biT 13% qa­le­bi da 10% ma­ma­ka­ce­bi). qal­Ta ga­naT­le­bis sa­
er­To ma­Ra­li maC­ve­ne­be­li am qvey­neb­Si qmnis po­ten­ci­als sa­in­for­ma­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis seq­tor­Si
qal­Ta win­s­v­lis­T­vis.
90-ian wleb­Si am qvey­ne­bis eko­no­mi­ka da­za­ral­da sa­fi­nan­so struq­tu­reb­Si ga­uT­va­lis­wi­ne­be­li
li­be­ra­li­za­ci­is Se­de­gad, rac ase­ve uar­yo­fi­Tad aisa­xa qal­Ta da­saq­me­ba­ze. dRes qal­Ta da­saq­me­
bis maC­ve­ne­be­li mniS­v­ne­lov­nad Ca­mor­Ce­ba ma­ma­kac­Ta da­saq­me­bis maC­ve­ne­bels. sqes­Ta uTa­nas­wo­ro­bis
axa­li do­ne­e­bi gar­k­ve­u­li xa­ris­xiT war­mo­iS­va imis Se­de­gad, rom aR­mo­sav­leT ev­ro­pis so­ci­a­lis­
tu­ri wyo­bis sa­xel­m­wi­fo­eb­Si da­cu­li iyo qal­Ta uf­le­be­bi, Tum­ca es uf­le­be­bi mka­fi­od aras­d­ros
ar yo­fi­la gan­sazR­v­ru­li. qa­le­bi da ma­ma­ka­ce­bi am qvey­neb­Si ar iy­v­nen aq­ti­u­rad Car­Tul­ni sqes­Ta
Ta­nas­wo­ro­bis prin­ci­pe­bis gan­xil­va­Si, xo­lo Zli­e­ri sa­xel­m­wi­fo xe­li­suf­le­ba di­di xnis gan­mav­
lo­ba­Si niR­bav­da kul­tu­ris kon­ser­va­ti­u­lo­bas, ro­me­lic efuZ­ne­bo­da ma­ma­kac­Ta do­mi­ni­re­bas. im
dros, ro­de­sac am qvey­ne­bis po­li­ti­ka mi­mar­Tu­li iyo qal­Ta cxov­re­bis pi­ro­be­bis ga­um­jo­be­se­
bi­sa­ken (msof­li­os sxva qvey­neb­Si ar­se­bul qal­Ta mdgo­ma­re­o­bas­Tan Se­da­re­biT) is miT uf­ro ar
aye­neb­da qa­lebs ma­ma­ka­ceb­Tan Ta­nas­wor pi­ro­beb­Si. dRes qa­le­bi grZno­ben cvli­le­bebs uke­Te­so­
bi­sa­ken, mag­ram jer ki­dev aqvT ma­Ti ga­moc­di­le­bi­sa da ga­naT­le­bis Se­sa­ba­mis sam­sa­xur­Si mowyo­bis
prob­le­me­bi, ga­nic­di­an dis­k­ri­mi­na­ci­as sam­sa­xu­reb­Si, iRe­ben ma­ma­ka­ce­bis sa­Su­a­lo do­nis xel­fas­ze
nak­lebs, ase­ve im ma­ma­ka­ce­bis xel­fas­ze nak­lebs, rom­le­bic ima­ve sfe­ro­Si maT­Tan er­Tad ari­an
da­saq­me­bul­ni. ev­ro­kav­Sir­Si Se­ma­va­li qvey­ne­bi­saT­vis bev­ri ram keT­de­ba, ra­Ta am qvey­neb­Si gan­vi­
Tar­des sqes­Ta Ta­nas­wo­ro­ba da ga­tar­des po­li­ti­ka qal­Ta mi­marT dis­k­ri­mi­na­ci­is yve­la for­mis
aR­mofx­v­ris ko­mi­te­ti­sa da ga­e­ros prin­ci­pe­bis Se­sa­ba­mi­sad.
qal­Ta mdgo­ma­re­o­bis ga­u­a­re­se­ba 90-ian wleb­Si eko­no­mi­ku­ri si­tu­a­ci­i­dan ga­mom­di­na­re aisa­xa
maT­T­vis ICT xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­ba­zec. qa­lebs Se­e­xoT Sem­ci­re­be­bis Zi­ri­Ta­di dar­ty­ma, isi­ni mox­v­d­nen
sa­baz­ro eko­no­mi­kis fsker­ze da mo­u­wi­aT oja­xis bi­u­jet­sa da so­ci­a­lur dax­ma­re­beb­Tan da­kav­Si­
re­bu­li prob­le­me­bis ga­daW­ra, yo­ve­li­ve es sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba­Si qa­lis ro­lis mkac­rad ga­ba­to­ne­bu­li
tra­di­ci­u­li Se­xe­du­le­be­bis fon­ze. am faq­to­reb­ma ga­mo­iw­via am qvey­neb­Si qa­le­bis Se­mo­sa­va­lis
Sewy­ve­ta, maT aRar dar­CaT dro sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis unar-Cve­ve­bis ga­mo­
sa­mu­Sa­veb­lad. mTli­a­no­ba­Si aR­moC­n­da ara­sa­sur­ve­li mdgo­ma­re­o­ba ICT Se­saZ­leb­lo­be­bis ga­mo­sav­
le­nad. ma­ga­li­Tad, po­lo­neT­Si in­ter­ne­tis xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­ba da mi­siT sar­geb­lo­bis Se­saZ­leb­lo­ba
qa­le­bi­sa da go­go­ne­bi­saT­vis uf­ro da­ba­lia, vid­re cen­t­ra­lu­ri da aR­mo­sav­le­Ti ev­ro­pis sxva
qvey­neb­Si. in­ter­ne­tis mom­x­ma­reb­lebs So­ris po­lo­neT­Si qa­li sul 18,7%-ia. Ce­xe­Tis res­pub­li­ka­Si
34%, ungreTSi 47% da da­sav­leT ev­ro­pa­Si 41%.
ro­gorc yvel­gan, sqe­si, ge­og­ra­fi­u­li mde­ba­re­o­ba (qa­la­qi an so­fe­li) oja­xu­ri mdgo­ma­re­o­ba
(mar­to­xe­la de­da) da asa­ki (40-46 wlis asa­kis ze­moT qa­le­bi­saT­vis xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­bis dab­r­ko­le­ba)
uqmnis ba­ri­ers qa­le­bs ICT- is ga­mo­ye­ne­bisaTvis xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­bis­T­vis. es faq­to­re­bi Rrmav­de­ba
sxva mi­ze­ze­bi­Tac:
• mci­re Se­mo­sav­le­bis mqo­ne mo­sax­le­o­bi­saT­vis iaf­fa­si­a­ni in­ter­ne­tis xel­mi­uw­v­dom­lo­ba;
• re­gi­o­neb­Si in­ter­net-pun­q­te­bis mci­re ra­o­de­no­ba da axa­li unar-Cve­ve­bis Se­sa­Ze­nad SezRuduli
Se­saZ­leb­lo­ba (in­for­ma­ci­i­sa da ICT sfe­ro­Si tre­nin­ge­bis Se­Ta­va­ze­bis sim­ci­re), ase­ve, sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­
cio qse­lis nak­le­bi gan­vi­Ta­re­ba da ga­ba­to­ne­bu­li az­ri, rom ICT ma­ma­ka­ce­bis sfe­ros war­mo­ad­gens.
ev­ro­kav­Si­ris ume­tes qvey­neb­Si mi­i­Res (an mom­za­de­bis pro­ces­Sia) erov­nu­li sa­moq­me­do geg­ma sa­
in­for­ma­cio po­li­ti­kis Se­sa­xeb. am geg­mis sa­fuZ­vel­ze re­gi­o­na­lu­ri xe­li­suf­le­ba sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis
yve­la sfe­ro­Si da­ner­gavs ICT- is (kor­po­ra­ti­ul, ker­Zo, sa­zo­ga­do­eb­riv da sa­gan­ma­naT­leb­lo sfe­
ro­Si, is iq­ne­ba gaT­va­lis­wi­ne­bu­li ad­mi­nis­t­ra­ci­ul da te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­is, zo­gi­erT Sem­Tx­ve­va­Si
ucxo­u­ri in­ves­ti­ci­e­bis­T­vi­sac). es geg­me­bi qvey­neb­isaTvis, rom­le­bic api­re­ben ev­ro­kav­Sir­Si Ses­v­
las, Zi­ri­Ta­dad Sed­ge­ba ,,eleq­t­ro­nu­li ev­ro­pis” mi­er Se­mu­Sa­ve­bu­li sa­moq­me­do geg­mis sa­fuZ­vel­
ze. am do­ku­men­teb­Si cal­ke ar aris sa­u­ba­ri sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­eb­Tan da­kav­
Si­re­bul saq­mi­a­no­ba­Si qal­Ta mo­na­wi­le­o­ba­ze. sam­wu­xa­rod, am qvey­neb­Si or­ga­ni­za­ci­e­bi, rom­le­bic
xels uwyo­ben qa­lebs, ar ic­no­ben in­for­ma­ci­u­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis gar­Se­mo war­mo­e­bul po­li­ti­ka­sa da
dis­ku­si­ebs. ar aqvT mniS­v­ne­lo­va­ni kav­Si­ri gen­de­rul da ICT sfe­ro­Si mo­mu­Sa­ve in­for­ma­ci­u­li sa­
zo­ga­do­e­bis Seq­m­nis pro­ces­Si mo­na­wi­le sis­te­mas­Tan, ro­me­lic glo­ba­lu­ri xa­si­a­Ti­saa da gan­sa­kuT­
re­biT aq­ti­u­ria azi­i­sa da af­ri­kis zo­gi­erT qve­ya­na­Si. in­for­ma­ci­as­Tan SezRu­du­li xel­mi­saw­v­do­
mo­ba ase­ve mi­a­niS­nebs, rom cen­t­ra­lu­r da aR­mo­sav­leT ev­ro­pa­Si mcxov­re­bi qa­le­bi nak­le­bad ari­an
Car­Tul­ni in­for­ma­ci­ul sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba­ze msof­lio sa­mit­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bul erov­nul pro­ce­seb­Si.
ICT po­li­ti­ka­Si gen­de­ru­li mi­mar­Tu­le­bi­sa da in­f­ras­t­ruq­tu­ris gan­vi­Ta­re­ba ase­ve gar­Tu­le­
bu­lia sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­eb­Si qal­Ta mo­na­wi­le­o­ba­ze sak­ma­ri­si mo­na­ce­me­bis
ar­qo­nis ga­moc mi­ze­zi isaa, rom am­g­va­ri mo­na­ce­me­bi CEE/CIS (dsT-sa da ev­ro­pu­li eko­no­mi­ku­ri
ko­mi­si­is) am re­gi­on­Si Zne­lad­mosapovebelia, yo­vel­T­vis san­do ar aris da ar Se­i­cavs in­for­ma­ci­
as sqes­Ta Ta­nas­wo­ro­bis xa­ris­x­ze. sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis Se­sa­xeb an­ga­ri­Si,
sxva­das­x­va sa­a­gen­to­s mi­er mom­za­de­bu­li gan­s­x­va­vdeba Ta­vi­si xa­ris­xi­Ta da san­do­o­biT. mo­na­ce­me­bi,
na­wi­lob­riv, aRe­bu­lia me­o­ra­di da da­u­sa­bu­Te­be­li wya­ro­e­bi­dan da savaraudo xa­si­a­Ti­saa. am­g­var­
ma me­Tod­ma Se­saZ­le­be­lia sa­bo­loo jam­Si mog­v­ces ICT - is ga­mo­ye­ne­bisas qal­Ta mo­na­wi­le­o­bas­Tan
da­kav­Si­re­biT (an in­for­ma­ci­ul sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba­Si) sa­eW­vo da sa­pi­ris­pi­ro su­ra­Ti.
da­sas­rul, Cven miv­di­varT im das­k­v­nam­de, rom qal­Ta ICT - is ga­mo­ye­ne­bis xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­bas
damabrkolebeli faq­to­re­bi scil­de­ba teq­no­lo­gi­ur in­f­ras­t­ruq­tu­ra­sa da so­ci­a­lur-eko­no­mi­
kur ga­re­mo­e­bas­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bul Car­Co­ebs.
gen­de­ru­li Ta­nas­wo­ro­ba
mZlav­ri sa­in­for­ma­cio sis­te­ma, in­ter­ne­ti msof­li­os dah­pir­da de­mok­ra­ti­ul da Ta­nas­wor sa­
zo­ga­do­e­bas, sa­dac ar ar­se­bobs gen­de­ru­li dis­k­ri­mi­na­cia. Tum­ca re­a­lu­ri su­ra­Ti sul sxvag­va­ria.
saq­me ima­Sia, rom sqes­Ta uTa­nas­wo­ro­ba kom­pi­u­te­rul siv­r­ce­Si, ise­ve, far­Tod aris gav­r­ce­le­bu­
li, ro­gorc re­a­lur cxov­re­ba­Si. Zi­ri­Ta­dad, es xde­ba imi­tom, rom kom­pi­u­te­ru­li siv­r­ce aris
sfe­ro, sa­dac do­mi­ni­re­ben ma­ma­ka­ce­bi. am faqts se­ri­o­zu­li Se­de­gi aqvs qa­le­bis­T­vis, ker­Zod, qa­
lebs axlos ar uS­ve­ben axal sa­in­for­ma­cio teq­no­lo­gi­eb­Tan, da Tu ma­inc uS­ve­ben, maT Tavs aty­
de­baT sqes­Ta dis­k­ri­mi­na­ci­is, Se­u­racx­yo­fi­sa da por­nog­ra­fi­is gri­ga­li. (Dale Spen­der)26.
ga­e­ros kvle­vis Ta­nax­mad, eleq­t­ro­nul mTav­ro­bas di­di dax­ma­re­bis ga­we­va Se­uZ­lia qa­le­bis­T­
vis, mag­ram ami­saT­vis auci­le­be­lia qa­le­bis Car­Tu­lo­ba da maT­T­vis teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis me­ti xel­mi­
saw­v­do­mo­ba. wi­na­aR­m­deg Sem­Tx­ve­va­Si isi­ni ver mi­i­Re­ben in­for­ma­ci­as sam­Tav­ro­bo saq­mi­a­no­bi­sa da
im pro­eq­te­bis Se­sa­xeb, ro­me­lic iT­va­lis­wi­ne­bs maT dax­ma­re­bas jan­dac­va­sa da sxva sfe­ro­eb­Si. es
yo­ve­li­ve ki ma­Ti­ve ke­Til­dRe­o­bis­T­vi­saa ga­miz­nu­li.
ga­mo­kiTx­veb­ma aC­ve­na, rom qve­ya­na­Si in­ter­ne­tis xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­bis maC­ve­ne­be­li Zne­lad gan­sazR­
v­ravs in­ter­ne­tis mom­x­ma­re­bel qal­Ta ricxvs. in­ter­ne­tis mom­x­ma­reb­le­bi gan­vi­Ta­re­bad qvey­neb­Si
ari­an 35 wels qve­moT ma­ma­ka­ce­bi, rom­leb­mac ici­an in­g­li­su­ri, aqvT kar­gi ga­naT­le­ba da kar­gi
Se­mo­savali. sam­wu­xa­rod, mci­rea sa­Su­a­le­bebi ar­se­bobs “gen­de­ru­li uTa­nas­wo­ro­bis” ricx­veb­Si ga­
mo­sa­xa­tad, rac das­tur­de­ba, ga­e­ros 2005 wlis kvle­ve­biT.
deil spenderi (Dale Spender), - avstralieli feministi, swavluli, pedagogi, mwerali da konsultanti;
,,Nattering on the net : women, power and cyberspace” 1995; gv.190;
26
29
er­Tis mxriv, in­ter­ne­tis meS­ve­o­biT xde­ba sxva­das­x­va pro­eq­te­bis pro­pa­gan­da, rac ,uda­vod, sa­
sar­geb­loa qa­le­bi­sa da go­go­ne­bis­T­vis, mag­ram amas­Ta­na­ve, in­ter­nets far­Tod ga­mo­i­ye­ne­ben qa­leb­
ze Za­la­do­bi­sa da por­nog­ra­fi­is ga­sav­r­ce­leb­lad. 2006 wlis ma­is­Si, ga­er­Ti­a­ne­bu­l sa­me­fo­Si Daily
Mail-is27 mi­er Ca­ta­re­bu­li ga­mo­kiTx­vi­dan, cxa­di gax­da, rom 9 mi­li­on ma­ma­kac­ze me­ti (zrdas­ru­li
ma­ma­ka­ce­bis TiT­q­mis 40 %), ise­ve, ro­gorc 1.4 mi­li­o­ni qal­ba­to­ni, da­re­gis­t­ri­re­bu­li iyo por­nosa­it­ze. ame­ri­kis Se­er­Te­bul Sta­teb­Si, “Se­cu­re Com­pu­ting Cor­po­ra­ti­on“-ma28 da­a­fiq­si­ra 420 mi­li­o­ni
in­di­vi­du­a­lu­ri por­no-sa­i­ti 2005 wels.29
eko­no­mi­ki­sa da so­ci­a­lu­ri prog­re­sis ma­Ra­li do­ne ga­na­pi­ro­bebs eleq­t­ro­nu­li mTav­ro­bis gan­
vi­Ta­re­bas da gen­de­rul win­s­v­las. mag­ram es on­la­in sa­ja­ro ser­vi­se­bi, ver Se­am­ci­rebs uTa­nas­wo­
ro­bas qa­leb­sa da ma­ma­ka­cebs So­ris.
kom­pi­u­te­ru­li siv­r­ce, gen­de­ru­li do­mi­ni­re­bis Tval­saz­ri­siT, uda­vod, ma­ma­kac­Ta te­ri­to­riaa.
am faqts mra­val­m­x­ri­vi ax­s­na aqvs: yve­la­ze Tval­sa­Ci­noa is, rom ma­ma­ka­cebis saqme ufro metad aris
da­kav­Si­re­bu­li kom­pi­u­ter­Tan da uf­ro met dros ata­re­ben mas­Tan, vid­re qa­le­bi30. va­ra­u­do­ben,
rom ma­ma­ka­ce­bis in­te­re­si kom­pi­u­te­ri­sad­mi mom­di­na­re­obs iqidan, rom maT bav­S­vo­ba­Si kom­pi­u­te­ru­
li unar-Cve­ve­bis gan­vi­Ta­re­bis me­ti Se­saZ­leb­lo­ba hqondaT. did bri­ta­neT­Si Ca­ta­re­bu­li kvle­vis
Se­de­gad dad­gin­da, rom bi­Webs eq­v­s­jer uf­ro xSi­rad yi­du­lo­ben kom­pi­u­ters, vid­re go­go­nebs.31
ase­Ti­ve ten­den­cia nar­Cun­de­ba zrdas­rul asak­Sic. 3700 - ma ada­mi­an­ma mi­i­Ro mo­na­wi­le­o­ba msof­
lio qse­lis WWW (World-Wi­de Web) kiTx­var­Si, ro­me­lic Ca­a­ta­ra je­ims pit­kov­ma da mi­mi re­ker­ma32
jor­ji­is Sta­tis teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis in­s­ti­tu­tis pro­fe­so­reb­ma (Ja­mes Pitkow and Mimi Rec­ker of Georgia
Institute of Tec­h­no­logy). maT un­da epa­su­xaT kiTx­va­ze, Tu ro­gor iye­ne­ben in­ter­nets. mom­x­ma­re­bel­Ta
56% iyo 21-dan 30 wlis asa­kam­de, maT So­ris 94% iyo ma­ma­ka­ci.33 ase­Ti maC­ve­neb­le­biT ga­sak­vi­ri
ar aris, rom kom­pi­u­te­rul siv­r­ces uwo­de­ben ma­ma­ka­cis te­ri­to­ri­as. Zi­ri­Ta­d mi­ze­zad, ris ga­moc
qa­le­bi nak­le­bad ari­an war­mod­ge­nil­ni kom­pi­u­te­rul siv­r­ce­Si, Se­iZ­le­ba da­sa­xel­des is, rom maT
xSi­rad uwevT sxva­das­x­va se­ri­o­zu­li ba­ri­e­ris ga­da­lax­va. ase­Ti ba­ri­e­ria axal sa­in­for­ma­cio teq­
no­lo­gi­eb­Tan qa­le­bis ,,ar miS­ve­ba”, ase­ve, kom­pi­u­te­ris Se­Ze­nis, swav­le­bi­sa da in­ter­ne­tiT sar­geb­
lo­bis ZviradRirebuleba. sa­Su­a­lod, qa­lebs, uf­ro nak­le­bi fu­li aqvT, vid­re ma­ma­ka­cebs. Tu­ki
qa­le­bi ma­inc ga­da­la­xa­ven pir­vel ba­ri­ers da Se­aR­we­ven kom­pi­u­te­rul siv­r­ce­Si, maT eq­m­ne­baT dab­
r­ko­le­ba eleq­t­ro­nul qse­leb­sa da sxva teq­no­lo­gi­ur saq­mi­a­no­beb­Si muSaobisas. es xde­ba qa­le­bis
ara­sak­ma­ri­si mom­za­de­bi­sa da ma­Ti dasaqmebis SezRu­dvis ga­mo. kab­re­ra-ba­le­zam, ro­me­lic ara­sam­
Tav­ro­bo or­ga­ni­za­cia Isis International-Si mu­Sa­obs sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio pro­ce­seb­Si qal­Ta mo­na­wi­le­o­bis
sa­kiTxeb­ze, da­ad­gi­na, rom mi­u­xe­da­vad imi­sa, rom qa­le­bi xSi­rad mu­Sa­o­ben mo­na­cem­Ta Seg­ro­ve­bi­sa
da teq­s­te­bis da­mu­Sa­ve­bis sfe­ro­Si, Za­li­an iS­vi­a­Tad Se­uZ­li­aT apa­ra­tu­li uz­run­vel­yo­fis Seq­m­
nas­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bu­li sam­sa­xu­ris Sov­na. am mom­ge­bi­an in­dus­t­ri­a­Si isi­ni yve­la­ze da­bal sa­fe­xur­ze
arian, vi­na­i­dan dam­saq­meb­lebs mi­aC­ni­aT, rom qa­le­bi Ta­vi­an­Ti oja­xu­ri mo­va­le­o­be­bis ga­mo xan­g­r­
Z­lad ver imu­Sa­ve­ben.34
ise­ve, ro­gorc Cve­u­leb­riv cxov­re­ba­Si, qa­le­bi sqe­sob­ri­vi niS­niT dis­k­ri­mi­ni­re­bul­ni ari­an
kom­pi­u­te­rul siv­r­ce­Sic. es prob­le­ma, far­To ga­ge­biT, da­kav­Si­re­bu­lia seq­su­a­lur ze­wo­la­sa da
por­nog­ra­fi­as­Tan. xSi­rad, qa­le­bi, awy­de­bi­an maT­T­vis sru­li­ad mi­u­Re­bel seq­su­a­lu­ri xa­si­a­Tis
leq­seb­sa da xum­ro­bebs, mtrul Se­niS­v­neb­sa da por­nog­ra­fi­is mra­val­ricxo­van for­mebs. es prob­
le­me­bi Trgu­navs qa­lebs da moq­me­debs maT ma­ma­ka­ceb­Tan ur­Ti­er­To­bi­sa­sac. de­il spen­de­ris35 mtki­
Daily Mail – erT-erTi pirveli britanuli gazeTi. dRes erTaderTi yoveldRiuri gazeTia, romlis mkiTxvelTa
50% qalia;
28
Secure Computing Corporation (SCC) – msoflioSi lideri kompania, romelic muSaobs erovnuli usafrTxoebis
riskebis marTvis sferoSi. www.securecomputing.com/
29
gaeros kvleva ,,eleqtronuli mmarTvelobis berketebi ekonomikis krizisis dros”; 2010 weli; http://unpan1.
un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan038851.pdf
30
ix: deil spenderi (Dale Spender), 1995, gv.116
31
Anne Cole; Tom Conlona; Sylvia Jacksona; Dorothy Welch; Gender and Education: Information Technology and Gender. Problems and
Proposals; http://wiki.media-culture.org.au/index.php/Digital_Divide_-_Gender
32
ix. http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=195688
33
ix. http://wiki.media-culture.org.au/index.php/Digital_Divide_-_Gender
34
ix. IPS Correspondents, 2003, gv.2.
35
deil spenderi; gv. 203
27
30
ce­biT, xSi­rad, seq­su­a­lur ze­wo­las iye­ne­ben ro­gorc sa­Su­a­le­bas, da­a­ka­von qa­le­bi kom­pi­u­te­ru­li
siv­r­cis, ro­gorc ma­ma­kac­Ta te­ri­to­ri­is, sazR­v­rebs miR­ma.
kom­pi­u­te­rul siv­r­ce­Si gen­de­ru­li uTa­nas­wo­ro­bis kuTxiT ar­se­bu­li Zal­ze bev­ri prob­le­ma
sa­Wi­ro­ebs ga­daW­ras. is faq­ti, rom qa­le­bi flo­ben ise­Ti­ve in­te­leq­tu­a­lur Se­saZ­leb­lo­bebs da
aqvT ise­Ti­ve ini­ci­a­ti­ve­bi, ro­gorc ma­ma­ka­cebs, axal sa­in­for­ma­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis gan­vi­Ta­re­ba­Si
Ta­na­ba­ri mo­na­wi­le­o­bis mi­sa­Re­bad, aR­mo­Ce­na ar aris, Tum­ca, sa­nam maT eq­m­ne­baT prob­le­me­bi sa­
in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­bis SezRud­vas­Tan da­kav­Si­re­biT, sa­nam
isi­ni awy­de­bi­an seq­su­a­lur dis­k­ri­mi­na­ci­as da ar­se­bobs por­nog­ra­fia, gen­de­ru­li Ta­nas­wo­ro­bis
per­seq­ti­ve­bi ara­sa­nu­ge­Soa.
aq­tu­a­lu­ria Tu ara isev cif­ru­li da­yo­fa?
SeS­fo­Te­bas iw­vevs cif­ru­li da­yo­fa, ker­Zod, mom­x­ma­re­bel­Ta da­yo­fa sxva­das­x­va so­ci­a­lur jgu­
fad da qvey­nad ICT-is ga­mo­ye­ne­bis mi­xed­viT. es afer­xebs Se­iq­m­nas Ta­na­ba­ruf­le­bi­a­ni in­for­ma­ci­u­li
sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba. swo­red ami­tom, mi­Re­bul iq­na so­ci­a­lur po­li­ti­kas­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bu­li mTe­li ri­gi
zo­me­bi. ma­ga­li­Tad, gan­vi­Ta­re­bul qvey­neb­Si Se­mu­Sav­da we­se­bi or­ga­ni­za­ci­is in­f­ras­t­ruq­tu­ri­sa da
sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi sub­si­di­e­bis Se­sa­xeb, ase­ve Se­Ta­va­ze­bul iq­na af­ri­ki­sa da sxva qvey­ne­bi­saT­vis (sa­
dac mi­si ga­mo­ye­ne­bis da­ba­li do­nea) Tan­xis ga­mo­yo­fa ICT-is gav­r­ce­le­bis mxar­da­sa­We­rad. am­g­va­ri
Ca­re­vis po­li­ti­kis mo­wi­na­aR­m­de­ge­ni mi­u­Ti­Te­ben, rom yo­ve­li axa­li teq­no­lo­gi­is da­ner­g­va Tav­
da­pir­ve­lad mdi­dar qvey­neb­Si xde­bo­da da mi­siT sar­geb­lob­d­nen uf­ro SeZ­le­bu­li mo­qa­la­qe­e­bi.
dro­Ta gan­mav­lo­ba­Si uf­ro far­Tod vrcel­de­ba ICT teq­no­lo­gi­e­bi da mcir­de­ba sxva­o­ba mi­si ga­
mo­ye­ne­bi­sas.36 Tu am­g­va­ri mtki­ce­ba­ni swo­ria in­ter­net­Tan mi­mar­Te­ba­Si, ma­Sin Ca­re­va im prob­le­mis
ga­da­saW­re­lad, ro­me­lic Ta­vis­Ta­vad ga­dawy­de­ba, sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi sax­s­re­bis tyu­i­li xar­j­va iq­ne­
bo­da. gar­da ami­sa, am­g­va­ri Ca­re­va da­a­ma­xin­jeb­da sa­baz­ro ur­Ti­er­To­bebs sa­qon­lis mwar­mo­eb­leb­sa
da me­war­me­ebs So­ris mom­sa­xu­re­bis sfe­ro­Si. mniS­v­ne­lo­ba ar aqvs imas, rom am­g­va­ri ar­gu­men­ta­cia
efuZ­ne­ba (zog­jer da­u­sa­bu­Teb­lad) va­ra­uds, rom axa­li teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis gav­r­ce­le­bis Se­yov­ne­ba arc
ise ga­ar­Tu­lebs ara­mom­ge­bi­an mdgo­ma­re­o­ba­Si myof so­ci­a­lur jguf­Ta mdgo­ma­re­o­bas.
ise­Ti ar­gu­men­te­bi, ro­me­lic Ta­vi­dan mxo­lod ri­to­ri­ku­li iyo, axa­li mo­na­ce­me­bis Se­de­gad sul
uf­ro Se­u­va­li xde­ba. Tan­da­Ta­no­biT qre­ba cif­ru­li da­yo­fa, ro­me­lic jer ki­dev xu­Ti wlis win
iw­vev­da gan­gaSs. mag­ram maT So­ris gen­de­ru­li cif­ru­li da­yo­fa ma­inc yve­la­ze Se­sam­C­ne­via. 2002
wlis aSS-s mo­na­ce­me­bi mow­mobs in­ter­ne­tis mom­x­ma­re­bel­Ta So­ris gen­de­ru­li gan­s­x­va­ve­bis Sem­ci­re­
bas (NTIA 2002). Ci­neT­Si, qve­ya­na­Si, sa­dac Se­da­re­biT gvi­an da­iwyes in­ter­ne­tis mox­ma­re­ba, Se­saZ­le­be­
lia da­vak­vir­deT Tu ra swra­fad ic­v­le­ba si­tu­a­cia. 5 wlis gan­mav­lo­ba­Si, 1997 wel­Tan Se­da­re­biT,
mom­x­ma­re­bel qal­Ta pro­cen­ti ga­i­zar­da 12-dan 39%-mde (CNNIC 2002).
al­ter­na­ti­u­li ar­gu­men­tiT Tu­ki, sa­va­ra­u­dod, gaq­re­ba yve­la­ze uf­ro cxa­di da­yo­fa, kerZod,
mom­x­ma­re­bel­Ta cif­ru­li da­yo­fa de­mog­ra­fi­u­li prin­ci­piT, iq­ne­ba nak­le­bad Se­sam­C­ne­vi. es exe­ba
ICT-is xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­bis xa­risxs, efeq­tu­ri unar-Cve­ve­bis flo­bas, ase­ve, Tu ro­gor aiolebs xel­
mi­saw­v­do­mo­bas sa­qo­nel­Tan da mom­sa­xu­re­bas­Tan in­ter­ne­tis mox­ma­re­ba. es gan­s­x­va­ve­be­bi da­kav­Si­re­
bu­lia so­ci­a­lur jguf­Ta pri­vi­le­gi­re­bul da arap­ri­vi­le­gi­re­bul kuT­v­ni­le­bas­Tan.
zo­gi­er­Ti ada­mi­a­ni sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­eb­Si xe­davs ga­mo­sa­vals, fiq­robs,
rom is aris samsaxuris moZiebis saSualeba, mi­si ar­qo­na ki aR­r­ma­vebs prob­le­mebs. ama­ve dros,
bevrs epa­re­ba eW­vi, rom ne­bis­mi­er teq­no­lo­gi­as Se­uZ­lia si­Ra­ri­bis do­nis an uTa­nas­wo­ro­bis sxva
as­peq­te­bis Sem­ci­re­ba. mi­u­xe­da­vad ami­sa, mi­aC­ni­aT, rom ma­Ti aR­mo­Ce­na Se­i­tans po­zi­ti­ur wvlils
eko­no­mi­kur-so­ci­a­lur aRor­Zi­ne­ba­Si.
ro­gor ,,gan­v­sazR­v­roT” xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­ba
xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­ba so­ci­a­lu­ri mov­le­naa. iqam­de, sa­nam es mox­de­ba, auci­le­be­lia, sul mci­re, ga­vi­
goT imis Se­sa­xeb, Tu ras war­mo­ad­gens in­ter­ne­ti, ri­Tia is sa­in­te­re­so, ro­gor un­da mi­si mox­ma­re­ba
da ri­si miR­we­va Se­iZ­le­ba mi­si dax­ma­re­biT. ada­mi­an­Ta um­rav­le­so­ba amas igebs sam­sa­xur­Si ko­le­geb­
Tan, me­gob­reb­Tan da oja­xis wev­reb­Tan ur­Ti­er­To­bis pro­ces­Si, ase­ve wig­ne­bis kiTx­vis, te­le­ga­da­
Thierer 2000; Compaine 2001; Fink and Kenny; 2003
36
31
ce­me­bis yu­re­bis, ra­di­os mos­me­ni­sa da swav­lis Se­de­gad. in­ter­net­Tan xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­ba so­ci­a­lu­ri
mov­le­naa, rad­gan man un­da mo­i­ta­nos sar­ge­be­li yo­vel­dRi­ur cxov­re­ba­Si, iq­ne­ba es ma­ta­reb­le­bis
gan­ri­gis Se­sa­xeb in­for­ma­ci­is mo­po­ve­ba, da­sas­ve­ne­be­li sag­zu­ris mi­Re­ba, me­gob­reb­Tan ur­Ti­er­To­ba,
sa­mu­Sa­os Ses­ru­le­ba, ub­ra­lod, Ta­vi­su­fa­li dro­is ga­ta­re­ba.
am­g­va­ri ga­ge­biT teq­ni­ku­ri xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­ba (in­ter­net­Si Car­Tul kom­pi­u­ter­Tan si­ax­lo­ve, mo­
bi­lu­ri te­le­fo­ne­bi, te­le­vi­zo­ri da sxva ICT mowyo­bi­lo­be­bi) auci­le­be­li, mag­ram arasak­ma­ri­si pi­
ro­baa xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­bi­saT­vis. Tum­ca, is mniS­v­ne­lo­van rols Ta­ma­Sobs xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­bis xa­ris­xis
gan­sazR­v­ri­sas. ma­ga­li­Tad, far­To­zo­li­a­ni ar­xi sa­Su­a­le­bas iZ­le­va ram­de­ni­me mo­na­wi­les­Tan gqon­
des ,,re­a­lu­ri” vi­de­o­ur­Ti­er­To­ba, ma­Sin, ro­de­sac mo­bi­lu­ri te­le­fo­ni, ro­me­lic aR­Wur­vi­lia
mo­na­cem­Ta ga­da­ce­mis uka­be­lo pro­to­ko­liT (Wi­re­less Application Protocol (WAP)) sTa­va­zobs efeq­tur
xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­bas veb-gver­de­bis mxo­lod gan­sazR­v­rul ra­o­de­no­bas. mniS­v­ne­lo­va­nia ro­gor so­ci­
a­lur pi­ro­beb­Si xor­ci­el­de­ba ase­Ti xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­ba. es xde­ba bib­li­o­Te­ka­Si, ro­me­lic mu­Sa­obs
gan­sazR­v­rul sa­mu­Sao sa­a­Teb­Si, Tu sa­ku­Tar sax­l­Si? SezRu­du­lia Tu ara in­ter­ne­tis mox­ma­re­bis
dro msur­vel­Ta mra­val­ricxov­ne­bis ga­mo da mi­sa­Re­bia Tu ara mox­ma­re­bis fa­si? ar­se­bobs Tu ara
SezRud­va xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­bis mi­zan­ze, ma­ga­li­Tad, in­ter­ne­tiT aR­Wur­vi­li obi­eq­te­bi da sa­zo­ga­
do­eb­ri­vi mox­ma­re­bis ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­e­bi an mu­Sa­o­bis re­le­van­tu­ro­bis Se­mow­me­ba sa­mu­Sao ad­gil­ze?
am­g­va­ri mo­saz­re­biT qmni­an ara mxo­lod cif­rul da­yo­fas in­ter­ne­tis ar­qo­nis an ar­se­bo­bis Tval­
saz­ri­siT, ara­med uf­ro ,,kav­Si­ris kon­ti­nu­ums”37 (‘con­ti­nu­um of con­nec­ti­vity’ (Mark War­s­c­ha­u­er 2003).38
xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­bis Se­saZ­leb­lo­ba­ze ax­dens gav­le­nas, ase­ve, mTe­li ri­gi faq­to­re­bi. mxed­ve­lo­ba­
Si gvaqvs gar­k­ve­u­li unar-Cve­ve­bis auci­le­be­li flo­ba. mag­ram aq un­da gan­vas­x­va­voT auci­le­be­li
we­se­bi (ma­ga­li­Tad sad gan­va­Tav­soT mi­sa­mar­Ti eleq­t­ro­nul fos­ta­Si) da unar-Cve­ve­bi, ro­gorc
so­ci­a­lu­ri praq­ti­kis for­ma, rac mo­ce­mul Sem­Tx­ve­va­Si ur­Ti­er­To­bis axa­li sa­Su­a­le­be­bis Ses­wav­
las gu­lis­x­mobs. es uka­nas­k­ne­li ki gulisxmobs unar-Cve­ve­bis flo­bas sul uf­ro me­ti ada­mi­a­nis
mo­na­wi­le­o­biT ,,sa­zo­ga­do­eb­riv praq­ti­ka­Si”, sa­dac teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis ga­mo­ye­ne­ba da mi­si sa­Wi­ro­e­ba
saq­mi­a­no­ba­Ta zo­gi­erT sa­xe­o­beb­Si xels uwyobs mTel sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba­Si Se­sa­ba­mi­si cod­nis flo­bas
(Je­an Lave39 and Etienne Wen­ger)40.
teq­no­lo­gi­eb­Tan xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­ba da, sa­bo­loo jam­Si, xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­bis ti­pi, da­mo­ki­de­bu­
lia sar­geb­lo­bis unar­ze far­To xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­bis sis­te­mis ar­se­bo­bi­dan gar­k­ve­u­li ra­o­de­no­bis
mom­x­ma­re­bel­Ta ar­se­bo­bam­de. is, ase­ve, da­mo­ki­de­bu­lia unar-Cve­veb­ze, rom­lis gan­vi­Ta­re­bac auci­
le­be­lia. sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis Sem­Tx­ve­veb­Si sa­u­ba­ria prog­ra­mu­li in­ter­
fe­i­sis xa­si­aT­ze (Jan van Dijk)41.
uda­vod, sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­eb­Tan xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­ba jer ki­dev ar niS­navs
imas, rom ada­mi­a­ni mar­T­lac SeZ­lebs mi­siT sar­geb­lo­bas, da Tun­dac ase iyos, is ar­se­biT gav­le­nas
ver mo­ax­dens mis cxov­re­ba­ze. xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­ba zog­jer dro­e­bi­Tia, vi­na­i­dan gar­k­ve­u­li periodis
Sem­deg ada­mi­an­ma Se­saZ­le­be­lia da­kar­gos mi­siT sar­geb­lo­bis Se­saZ­leb­lo­ba an CaT­va­los, rom ar
hyof­nis cod­na maT mo­sax­ma­rad. Se­iZ­le­ba mox­des isec, rom sa­bo­loo jam­Si, ada­mi­an­ma ga­a­ke­Tos
das­k­v­na, rom mis­T­vis in­ter­ne­ti ar war­mo­ad­gens gan­sa­kuT­re­bul Ri­re­bu­le­bas. ar­se­bobs ga­dawy­ve­
ti­le­bis mi­Re­bis uam­ra­vi va­ri­an­ti ada­mi­a­ne­bis­T­vis, ro­mel­nic in­ter­ne­tis mud­mi­vi mom­x­ma­re­bel­ni
xde­bi­an, maT So­ris, in­ten­si­vo­ba da mox­ma­re­bis sxva­das­x­vag­va­ro­ba. mas­ze da­mo­ki­de­bu­le­biT ic­v­le­
ba xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­bis mniS­v­ne­lo­bac. aqe­dan ga­mom­di­na­re ic­v­le­ba xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­bis mniS­v­ne­lo­bac.
kontinuumi – movlenebis procesebis uwyvetoba; (aq: uwyveti kavSiri); ix: ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni;
www.nplg.gov.ge/gwdict/index.php?a=term&d=3&t=20579
38
mark varSaveri (Mark Warschauer ) - ganaTlebisa da informatikis departamentis profesori kaliforniis universitetSi. UCI cifruli laboratoriis damfuZnebeli da direqtori. misi kvlevebi exeba sainformacio-sakomunikacio teqnologiebis integracias skolebsa da saTemo centrebSi. ,,Technology and Social Inclusion: Rethinking the
Digital Divide”; 2003;
39
Jan lave (Jean Lave) – socialuri anTropologi;
37
32
eTen vengeri (Etienne Wenger) – wamyvani eqsperti komunikaciebSi. is iyo pioneri���������������������������������
,,komunikaciebis praqtikis” kvlevaSi da didi aRiareba aqvs mopovebuli am sferoSi; mecnierebaTa doqtori xelovnuri inteleqtis sferoSi;.
1991;
41
Jan van Dijk; sociologiisa da komunikaciebis mecnierebaTa profesori. ikvlevs sainformacio sazogadoebis
socialur aspeqtebs axal mediaSi;The Network Society: Social Aspects of New Media; 1999, 2nd edition 2005
40
zo­gis­T­vis is ar­se­bi­Tad Sec­v­lis mis saq­mi­a­no­bas, sxveb­ze imoq­me­debs mxo­lod cxov­re­bis gar­k­ve­ul
as­peq­t­Si. cal­ke­ul pi­rov­ne­ba­sa Tu sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis­T­vis es gav­le­na eko­no­mi­ku­ri xa­si­a­Ti­saa, ma­Sin,
ro­de­sac sxve­bis­T­vis Se­iZ­le­ba mxo­lod so­ci­a­lu­ri izo­la­ci­i­sa­gan Ta­vis daR­we­vis sa­Su­a­le­ba iyos.
imis­T­vis, rom uf­ro Rrmad Cav­w­v­deT am sa­kiTxebs, auci­le­be­lia siR­r­mi­se­u­li da Tvi­sebri­vi
kvle­vis Ca­ta­re­ba. mi­u­xe­da­vad ami­sa, ax­lac Se­iZ­le­ba ga­va­Su­qoT zo­gi­er­Ti as­peq­ti, Tu­ki ga­mo­vi­ye­
nebT xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­bis xa­ris­xis Se­fa­se­bis im sa­Su­a­le­bas, ro­me­lic vax­se­neT ze­moT da ro­mel­sac
Cven uf­ro gan­zo­ga­de­bu­lad war­mo­vad­genT qve­moT, mo­du­lis Sem­d­gom na­wil­Si.
in­ter­ne­tis xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­bis Zi­ri­Ta­di pa­ra­met­re­bi, rom­le­bic gav­le­nas ax­de­nen gen­de­rul
da­yo­fa­ze:
• teq­ni­ku­ri xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­ba: xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­ba, rom­lis dro­sac ma­ma­ka­ce­bi da qa­le­bi sar­
geb­lo­ben in­ter­net­Si Car­Tu­li mowyo­bi­lo­biT, mniS­v­ne­lo­ba aqvs mowyo­bi­lo­bis tip­sa da
kav­Si­ris xa­risxs;
• xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­biT sar­geb­lo­bis Se­saZ­leb­lo­ba: nac­no­be­bi, ro­mel­nic Tvi­Ton sar­geb­lo­ben
in­ter­ne­tiT da Se­uZ­li­aT auci­leb­lo­bis Sem­Tx­ve­va­Si dax­ma­re­bis ga­we­va; sa­ku­Ta­ri unarCve­ve­bis TviT­Se­fa­se­ba; kom­for­tis an dis­kom­for­tis grZno­ba sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio
teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis sis­te­mis ga­mo­ye­ne­bi­sas; gan­ga­Si sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­
bis ga­mo­ye­ne­bis sa­va­ra­u­do ne­ga­ti­ur Se­de­geb­Tan da­kav­Si­re­biT (ma­ga­li­Tad, TaR­li­To­ba an
vi­ru­se­bi);
• xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­biT sar­geb­lo­ba: ari­an Tu ara ma­ma­ka­ce­bi da qa­le­bi in­ter­ne­tis mom­x­ma­reb­
le­bi; in­ter­ne­tiT sar­geb­lo­bis in­ten­si­vo­ba da xan­g­r­Z­li­vo­ba; mi­zan­Ta sxva­das­x­va­o­ba, rom­
lis­T­vi­sac ga­mo­i­ye­ne­ba xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­ba;
• xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­bis ga­mo­ye­ne­bis Se­de­ge­bi: zo­gi­erT Sem­Tx­ve­va­Si in­ter­ne­tiT sar­geb­lo­bam Sec­
va­la mom­x­ma­reb­lis saq­mi­a­no­bis xa­si­a­Ti; xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­bis sa­Wi­ro­e­bis Se­fa­se­ba mi­si ga­
mo­ye­ne­bis in­ten­si­vo­bis Tval­saz­ri­siT axa­li miz­ne­bis mi­saR­we­vad da gen­de­ru­li qce­vis
ste­re­o­ti­pe­bis ga­saZ­li­e­reb­lad.
gansaxilveli sakiTxebi:
1.ro­gor aisa­xe­ba Cven­ze cif­ru­li da­yo­fa?
2.ra dab­r­ko­le­be­bi ar­se­bobs sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis da­sa­ner­gad Cvens
ga­re­mo­Si?
3.ra qme­de­be­bi un­da iq­nas mi­Re­bu­li, ra­Ta ga­da­iW­ras es prob­le­ma?
4.vin Se­iZ­le­ba iq­nas Car­Tu­li am­g­var qme­de­beb­Si?
5.ro­gor vaZ­li­e­rebT Cven Tvi­Ton cif­rul da­yo­fas?
me­To­di­ka
•in­te­raq­ti­u­li leq­ci­e­bi
•,,tvi­nis Stur­mi”
•geg­mis Sed­ge­na
•kon­k­re­tu­li si­tu­a­ci­e­bis gan­xil­va
•sa­er­To si­tu­a­ci­e­bis gan­xil­va
•sa­er­To da jgu­fu­ri dis­ku­si­e­bi
33
34
mo­du­li III
eleq­t­ro­nu­li de­mok­ra­tia
Si­na­ar­si da amo­ca­ne­bi
mo­dul­Si ga­ni­xi­le­ba or­ga­ni­za­ci­e­bi, romlebic saq­mi­a­no­ben in­ter­netis sferoSi, wyve­ten ko­or­
di­na­ci­ul amo­ca­nebsa da sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so nor­me­bis Se­mu­Sa­ve­biT ari­an da­ka­ve­bul­ni.
sa­mu­Sao sa­a­Te­bis ra­o­de­no­ba: 3 sa­a­Ti
dam­x­ma­re ma­sa­la:
yy eleq­t­ro­nu­li de­mok­ra­tia (el-de­mok­ra­tia)
el-de­mok­ra­tia aris ter­mi­ni, ro­me­lic war­mo­ad­gens sity­ve­bis -,,eleq­t­ro­nu­li” da ,,de­mok­ra­
tia” - kom­bi­na­ci­as. igi gu­lis­x­mobs ise­Ti eleq­t­ro­nul sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio ter­mi­no­lo­gi­is ga­mo­ye­ne­bas,
ro­go­ri­caa in­ter­ne­ti, de­mok­ra­ti­ul qvey­neb­Si de­mok­ra­ti­u­li pro­ce­se­bis, rep­re­zen­ta­ci­u­li de­
mok­ra­ti­is an de­mok­ra­ti­is sxva ro­me­li­me mo­de­lis gan­vi­Ta­re­bi­saT­vis. es aris po­li­ti­ku­ri gan­
vi­Ta­re­bis pro­ce­si, ro­me­lic jer ki­dev ad­re­ul sta­di­a­Sia da aq­ti­u­ri gan­xil­vis sa­ga­nia yve­la
mTav­ro­ba­sa da sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba­Si.
es ter­mi­ni er­T­d­ro­u­lad aris aR­we­ri­Tic da mi­Ti­Te­bi­Tic. ro­gorc we­si, el-de­mok­ra­ti­is mom­
x­re­e­bi is­w­raf­vi­an pro­ce­si ga­xa­don Ria da ga­a­far­To­von mo­qa­la­qe­Ta xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­ba so­ci­a­lur
sfe­ro­sa da ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­bis mi­Re­bis pro­ces­Si, rac sa­Su­a­le­bas mis­cems uf­ro di­di ze­gav­le­na
iqo­ni­os rac Se­iZ­le­ba met in­di­vid­ze po­li­ti­ku­ri pro­ce­se­bis mim­di­na­re­o­bi­sas, ase­ve, ga­aZ­li­e­ros
gam­W­vir­va­lo­ba da mTav­ro­bis an­ga­riS­val­de­bu­le­ba, xo­lo ma­Ti si­ax­lo­ve xal­xis sa­Wi­ro­e­beb­Tan
aamaR­lebs maT po­li­ti­kur le­gi­ti­mu­ro­bas. el-de­mok­ra­tia gu­lis­x­mobs eleq­t­ro­nul xmis mi­ce­mas,
mag­ram es ar aris de­mok­ra­ti­u­li pro­ce­sis gan­vi­Ta­re­bis er­Ta­der­Ti as­peq­ti.
el-de­mok­ra­tia – es aris ki­dev ra­Rac, rac da­kav­Si­re­bu­lia kom­pi­u­ter­Tan an cif­rul de­mok­
ra­ti­as­Tan. el-de­mok­ra­ti­is gan­vi­Ta­re­bis mi­xed­viT war­mo­i­So­ba sa­mi mi­mar­Tu­le­ba, ker­Zod: ser­vi­
se­biT hi­per-lo­ka­li­ze­bu­li mom­sa­xu­re­o­be­bi, mo­bi­lu­ro­ba, sa­zo­ga­do­eb­riv-yo­fi­Ti ga­re­mos ur­Ti­
er­T­q­me­de­ba da efeq­tu­ro­ba. el-de­mok­ra­ti­is mom­x­re­e­bi in­ter­net-teq­no­lo­gi­is ga­mo­ye­ne­bis, mi­si
mom­sa­xu­re­bis xa­ris­xi­sa da ra­o­de­no­bis gaz­r­dis mom­x­re­ni ari­an. sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi veb-gver­de­bi an
sam­Tav­ro­bo veb-por­ta­le­bi amar­ti­vebs mo­na­cem­Ta xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­bas da xels uwyobs mo­qa­la­qe­eb­
sa da mTav­ro­bebs So­ris kav­Sirs yve­la do­ne­ze. kav­Si­ris dam­ya­re­ba Se­saZ­le­be­li gax­da msof­lio
qse­lis meS­ve­o­bi­Ta da mi­si mud­mi­vi srul­yo­fiT, rac, sa­bo­lo­od, mo­qa­la­qe­Ta da maT mTav­ro­ba­Ta
kav­Si­ris tran­s­for­ma­ci­am­de mi­vi­da. es sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi por­ta­le­bi ga­mo­i­yu­re­bi­an ro­gorc ka­ta­
li­za­to­re­bi er­Ti­a­ni kom­pi­u­te­ru­li ga­re­mos Ta­vi­se­bur war­mo­e­bad gar­da­saq­m­ne­lad, ro­mel­Sic
in­teg­ri­re­bu­lia so­ci­a­lu­ri sam­sa­xu­ri mo­qa­la­qe­Ta mo­na­wi­le­o­biT da am­gav­rad am­ya­reb­s de­mok­ra­
ti­u­l pro­ce­se­bs.
yy el-de­mok­ra­ti­is for­me­bi da sa­Su­a­le­ba
uka­nas­k­ne­li oTxi wlis gan­mav­lo­ba­Si Se­im­C­ne­o­da el-de­mok­ra­ti­is for­me­bi­sa da sa­Su­a­le­be­bis
mniS­v­ne­lo­va­ni zrda, xo­lo ma­Ti da­ner­g­vis maC­ve­neb­leb­ma mra­val ka­te­go­ri­a­Si mi­aR­wia ma­Ral do­
nes. am mo­na­ce­me­bis gac­no­ba Se­saZ­le­be­lia veb-gver­d­ze Nic Re­so­ur­ces. ker­Zo seq­to­ris por­ta­le­bi
da plat­for­me­bi mo­qa­la­qe­ebs sTa­va­zo­ben xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­bas maT­T­vis auci­le­bel gam­W­vir­va­le in­
for­ma­ci­a­ze.
sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi por­ta­le­biT (an plat­for­me­biT) mTav­ro­bebs Se­uZ­li­aT ga­na­vi­Ta­ron da mar­Ton
qve­ya­na an mo­i­zi­don re­sur­se­bi ga­re­dan, an ga­a­for­mon kon­t­raq­te­bi TviT­da­fi­nan­se­bis sa­fuZ­vel­
35
ze. mo­de­li gu­lis­x­mobs por­tal­Ta Seq­m­nas, rom­lis TviT­da­fi­nan­se­ba xde­ba sar­fi­a­ni ga­da­sa­xa­dis
xar­j­ze el-de­mok­ra­ti­is gan­sazR­v­ru­li ope­ra­ci­i­saT­vis. pir­ve­li mo­na­wi­le­e­bi am sfe­ro­Si iy­v­nen
govOne So­li­ti­ons, First Data Government So­lu­ti­ons da NIC kom­pa­ni­e­bi, rom­le­bic TviT­da­fi­nan­se­bis mo­de­lis
sa­fuZ­vel­ze Se­iq­m­na.
sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi qse­li – es aris el-de­mok­ra­ti­is ax­la­xan ga­Ce­ni­li sfe­ro. qsel­Si Se­ma­va­li wer­
ti­le­bi mde­ba­re­obs So­ri­ax­los mo­qa­la­qe­e­bis­gan da isi­ni sazR­v­ra­ven qsel­Si mo­na­wi­le­o­bis pi­ro­
bebs. el-mTav­ro­bis mom­x­re­ebs mi­aC­ni­aT, rom mTav­ro­bis mi­er ga­mo­ye­ne­bu­li sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi qse­lu­
ri ga­er­Ti­a­ne­be­bi Se­ma­kav­Si­re­be­li rgo­lia, ro­me­lic ex­ma­re­ba mTav­ro­bas imoq­me­dos mo­qa­la­qe­e­bi­
viT, ma­ga­li­Te­bi Se­iZ­le­ba ixi­loT veb-gver­d­ze ,,The Official Com­mon­we­alth of Virginia Homepage,, sa­dac
mo­qa­la­qe­ebs Se­uZ­li­aT ipo­von Google-is in­s­t­ru­men­ta­lia da gax­s­nan sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi fo­ru­me­bi.
mTav­ro­beb­sa da maT war­mo­mad­gen­lebs Se­saZ­leb­lo­ba aqvT, ase­ve, da­ak­ma­yo­fi­lon ram­de­ni­me
mo­qa­la­qe mom­sa­xu­re­biT. List Servs42-is dax­ma­re­biT, RSS fe­eds-is43 Cat­vir­T­viT, mo­bi­lu­ri kav­Si­ris
meS­ve­o­biT, Setyo­bi­ne­bis gag­zav­niT, mTav­ro­bis blo­ge­bi­Ta da mik­ro-blo­gin­gis sam­sa­xu­riT maT
war­mo­mad­gen­lebs Se­uZ­li­aT mo­qa­la­qe­ebs mi­a­wo­don sa­Wi­ro in­for­ma­cia. mTavrobam da­iwyo, ase­
ve, fi­nan­su­ri in­for­ma­ci­is war­d­ge­na. me­xa­zi­ne frenk t. kap­rio rod ailen­di­dan yo­vel­dRi­u­rad
iuwye­ba Sta­tis fu­la­di di­ne­bis Se­sa­xeb da da­in­te­re­se­bul mo­qa­la­qe­ebs Se­uZ­li­aT xe­li mo­a­we­ron
am cno­bebs. sa­xel­m­wi­fo sa­a­gen­to­e­bis sru­li sia, rom­le­bic am­g­var cno­bebs iZ­le­va Se­giZ­li­aT ixi­
loT veb-gver­d­ze Re­al Life. Live do­cu­ment.
yy el-de­mok­ra­ti­is praq­ti­ku­li sa­kiTxe­bi
el-de­mok­ra­ti­is war­ma­te­bas Zi­ri­Ta­dad ab­r­ko­lebs mo­qa­la­qe­Ta iden­ti­fi­ci­re­bis prob­le­ma. ar­
Cev­ne­bis da­cu­lo­bi­s da mTav­ro­ba­sa da mo­qa­la­qe­Ta So­ris sxva ur­Ti­er­T­kav­Si­ris uz­run­vel­sa­yo­
fad, mo­qa­la­qe­ebs un­da hqon­deT iden­ti­fi­ci­re­bis ra­Rac for­me­bi, ro­me­lic uz­run­vel­yofs sa­i­
dum­lo­e­bas da da­ex­ma­re­ba maT isar­geb­lon in­ter­net-fo­ru­me­biT. ano­ni­mu­ri mi­wer-mo­we­ris uz­run­
vel­yo­fis auci­leb­lo­bis prob­le­ma, ro­me­lic, ama­ve dros, mo­na­wi­le­ebs aZ­levs da­ma­te­biT sta­tuss,
Se­saZ­le­be­lia ga­dawy­des gan­sazR­v­ru­li krip­tog­ra­fi­u­li me­To­diT.
ki­dev er­Ti dab­r­ko­le­ba mdgo­ma­re­obs ima­Si, rom ar­se­bobs bevri ka­no­ni­e­ri in­te­re­sebi, rom­li­
Tac Se­saZ­le­be­lia za­ra­lis mi­ye­ne­ba uf­ro sruli de­mok­ra­ti­is pi­ro­beb­Si. sa­u­ba­ria po­li­ti­kis,
me­dia-mag­na­te­bis, di­di biz­ne­si­sa da prof­kav­Sir­Ta sxva war­mo­mad­gen­leb­ze. ar­se­bobs va­ra­u­di, rom
es or­ga­ni­za­ci­e­bi Se­iZ­le­ba el-de­mok­ra­ti­is kon­cef­ci­is aq­ti­u­ri ga­mo­ye­ne­bis wi­na­aR­m­deg­ni iy­v­nen.
ro­ber­t­sis44 ,,wes­ri­gis we­seb­Si” (Ro­bert’s Ru­les of Order) aR­niS­nu­lia, rom sa­TaT­bi­ro asam­b­lea un­
da tar­de­bo­des er­T­d­ro­ul audio-ur­Ti­er­To­be­bis vi­Ta­re­ba­Si, wi­na­aR­m­deg Sem­Tx­ve­va­Si ,,Se­iZ­le­ba
war­mo­iS­vas sa­par­la­men­to ka­non­m­deb­lo­ba­Si up­re­cen­den­to si­tu­a­cia”, te­le-kon­fe­ren­ci­is an vi­
deo-kon­fe­ren­ci­is Ca­ta­re­bis dro­sac ki auci­le­be­lia imis gan­sazR­v­ra, Tu ro­gor un­da mox­des
mo­na­wi­le­Ta war­d­ge­na da maT­T­vis sity­vis mi­ce­ma. Cve­u­leb­riv, sa­par­la­men­to ka­non­m­deb­lo­bas jer
ki­dev ar aqvs Se­mu­Sa­ve­bu­li eleq­t­ro­nu­lad saq­mis war­mo­e­bis stan­dar­tu­li pro­ce­du­ra.
yy mo­qa­la­qe­Ta ro­li el-de­mok­ra­ti­a­Si
36
de­mok­ra­ti­is pro­ces­Si Se­i­niS­ne­ba sa­mo­qa­la­qo seq­to­ris mo­na­wi­le­o­bis mzar­di in­te­re­si, sa­zo­
ga­do­e­bis aq­ti­u­ri na­wi­li elo­de­ba mTav­ro­bi­sa­gan met gam­W­vir­va­lo­bas. in­ter­net­Si ar­se­bu­li
in­for­ma­ci­is mo­cu­lo­ba mo­qa­la­qe­ebs aZ­levs sa­Su­a­le­bas iy­v­nen ukeT in­for­mi­re­bul­ni xe­li­suf­le­
bis moq­me­de­be­bi­sa da po­li­ti­ku­ri pro­ce­se­bis Se­sa­xeb, in­te­raq­ti­u­li ga­re­mo saSualebas iZleva
hqondeT ur­Ti­er­To­bis axa­li for­ma ofi­ci­a­lur pi­reb­Tan, ro­mel­Tac mo­qa­la­qe­eb­ma mis­ces Ta­vi­si
���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
pirveli eleqtronuli programa, romlis saSualebiTac SesaZlebeli iyo erTi el-fostis gagzavna erTdroulad ramdenime adamianisaTvis. amgvar programas iyenebdnen 1986 wlidan. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LISTSERV
43
specialuri programa, romelic saSualebas iZleva veb-gverdebze ganTavsebuli axali informacia gamoviweroT
da miviRiT Cveni eleqtronuli fostiT; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSS
42
xma. sa­kon­taq­to in­for­ma­ci­is, sa­ka­non­m­deb­lo saq­mi­a­no­bis, po­li­ti­ku­ri stra­te­gi­i­sa da Ro­nis­Zi­e­
ba­Ta geg­me­bis da­ma­das­tu­re­be­li in­for­ma­cia xels uwyobs xe­li­suf­le­bis gam­W­vir­va­lo­bas da, na­wi­
lo­biv, Se­saZ­le­bels xdis mis mo­na­wi­le­o­bas ro­gorc av­to­no­mi­ur, ase­ve ara­av­to­no­mi­ur (on­la­in)
re­Jim­Si. uf­ro daw­v­ri­le­bi­Ti in­for­ma­cia Se­iZ­le­ba mi­vi­RoT sa­i­ti­dan tran­s­pa­rent-gov. cif­ru­li
de­mok­ra­ti­is mom­x­re­e­bi ama­Si xe­da­ven mar­T­vis stra­te­gi­as, ro­me­lic mi­mar­Tu­lia mo­qa­la­qe­Ta sa­
Wi­ro­e­be­bis dak­ma­yo­fi­le­ba­sa da gansxvavebul mom­sa­xu­re­baze, rac amaR­lebs xe­li­suf­le­bis re­a­gi­
re­ba­sa da gam­W­vir­va­lo­bas.
on­la­in mom­sa­xu­re­bi­sa da el-de­mok­ra­ti­is por­ta­lis pro­va­i­de­re­bi ex­ma­re­bi­an mTav­ro­bebs da­
am­ya­ron kon­taq­ti far­To sa­zo­ga­do­e­bas­Tan.
yy in­ter­ne­ti, ro­gorc po­li­ti­ku­ri Su­a­ma­va­li
in­ter­ne­ti ga­ni­xi­le­ba, ro­gorc plat­for­ma da sa­Su­a­le­ba, ro­me­lic aR­mofx­v­ris dis­tan­ci­ur
prob­le­mebs Ria de­mok­ra­ti­ul sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba­Si. mo­sa­lod­ne­lia, rom el-de­mok­ra­ti­is dros teq­ni­
ku­ri sa­Su­a­le­ba­ni da­u­kav­Sir­des mo­bi­lur teq­no­lo­gi­ebs. ni­San­dob­li­vi gan­s­x­va­ve­ba ar­se­bobs ad­re ga­mo­ye­ne­bul sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio sa­Su­a­le­beb­sa da in­ter­
nets, ro­gorc po­li­ti­kur pro­ce­seb­Si Su­a­ma­vals So­ris. in­ter­ne­tis mTa­va­ri Ta­vi­se­bu­re­ba mdgo­
ma­re­obs ,,mravali mravalTan” ur­Ti­er­To­bis sa­Su­a­le­ba­Si, ma­Sin, ro­de­sac ma­sob­ri­vi ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­
is ise­Ti sa­Su­a­le­ba, ro­go­ri­caa ra­dio da te­le­vi­zia, war­mo­ad­gens ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­is tips - ,,erTi
mravalTan”, xo­lo te­le­fo­ni - ,,erTi erTTan”. gar­da ami­sa, in­ter­ne­ti flobs ga­ci­le­biT far­To
kom­pi­u­te­rul Se­saZ­leb­lo­bebs, ro­go­ri­caa, ma­ga­li­Tad, mo­na­cem­Ta ba­ze­bis mar­T­va da ga­Sif­v­ra,
rac Za­li­an mniS­v­ne­lo­va­nia in­for­ma­ci­a­ze far­To xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­bi­saTvis da, ase­ve, ar­Cev­ne­bis
Ca­ta­re­bis dros TaR­li­To­bis asa­ci­leb­lad. gar­da ami­sa, in­ter­ne­ti sa­Su­a­le­bas aZ­levs ada­mi­a­nebs
iTa­nam­S­rom­lon sin­q­ro­nul re­Jim­Si, anu, raime saq­mi­a­no­bis gan­xorcielebisTvis maT sru­le­biT ar
esa­Wi­ro­e­baT fi­zi­ku­rad gar­k­ve­u­li dro­iT sadRac yof­na.
in­ter­ne­ti saarCevno kam­pa­ni­is Ca­sa­ta­reb­lad (tra­di­ci­u­li qce­vis­gan gan­s­x­va­ve­biT, ro­de­sac
agi­ta­to­re­bi da­di­od­nen amom­r­Cev­leb­Tan sax­l­Si an ure­kav­d­nen te­le­fon­ze) uf­ro iafi da mo­xer­
xe­bu­li al­ter­na­ti­vaa mra­va­li po­li­ti­ko­si­saT­vis. dRes mra­val­ma kan­di­dat­ma da­iwyo sa­zo­ga­do­eb­
ri­vi sa­i­te­bis ga­mo­ye­ne­ba axal­gaz­r­deb­Tan urTierTobisaTvis da am­g­va­rad po­u­lo­ben po­ten­ci­ur
mom­x­re­ebs. kam­pa­ni­is Ca­ta­re­bi­sas ara­av­to­no­mi­ur re­Jim­Si (on­la­in), aq­ti­u­rad ga­mo­i­ye­ne­ba, ase­ve,
eleq­t­ro­nu­li fos­ti­sa da po­li­ti­ku­ri blo­gis sis­te­ma. amom­r­Cev­lebs Se­uZ­li­aT ko­men­ta­re­bis ga­
ke­Te­ba, sa­ku­Ta­ri az­ris ga­mo­xat­va po­li­ti­kur blo­geb­sa da veb-gver­deb­ze. fos­ti­sa da te­le­vi­zi­is
meS­ve­o­biT wi­na­sa­ar­Cev­no agi­ta­ci­is tra­di­ci­ul me­Tod­ze gav­le­na mo­ax­di­na gan­cxa­de­bis on­la­in
re­Jim­Si gan­Tav­se­bis in­te­raq­ti­ul­ma me­Tod­mac.
in­ter­net­Si in­for­ma­ci­is gan­Tav­se­bis/ga­nax­le­bis mom­sa­xu­re­bis da­bal­ma Ri­re­bu­le­bam, ase­ve, am
in­for­ma­ci­is efeq­tu­ro­bis po­ten­ci­u­rad ma­Ral­ma xa­ris­x­ma in­ter­ne­ti gaxada mim­zid­veli da­in­te­
re­se­bul sa­zo­ga­do­eb­riv jgu­feb­sa da Se­da­re­biT da­bal­bi­u­je­ti­an po­li­ti­kur par­ti­ebs So­ris,
po­li­ti­ku­ri in­for­ma­ci­is ga­sav­r­ce­leblad.
ma­ga­li­Tad, sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi jgu­fe­bi­saT­vis, ro­mel­nic so­ci­a­lu­ri an ga­re­mos dac­vis sa­kiTxe­biT
ari­an da­ka­ve­bul­ni, in­ter­ne­ti Se­sa­ba­mi­si in­for­ma­ci­is ga­sav­r­ce­leb­lad ga­ci­le­biT mar­ti­vi sa­Su­a­
le­baa, vid­re tra­di­ci­u­li te­le­vi­zia an ga­ze­Ti, ro­me­lic mo­iTxovs did fi­nan­sur xar­jebs. yve­la
am faq­to­ris dax­ma­re­biT internetma po­li­ti­ku­ri kam­pa­ni­is Catarebisas SesaZlebelia Caanacvlos
tradiciuli sa­Su­a­le­be­bi, ro­go­ri­caa te­le­fo­ni, ga­ze­Ti da ra­dio.
ki­dev erT ma­ga­li­Tad Se­iZ­le­ba mo­viy­va­noT sa­i­ti open­fo­rum.com.au, av­s­t­ra­li­u­ri ara­ko­mer­ci­
u­li el-de­mok­ra­ti­u­li pro­eq­ti, ro­me­lic iw­vevs po­li­ti­ko­sebs, ma­Ral­Ci­nos­nebs, aka­de­mi­ko­sebs,
biz­ne­sis war­mo­mad­gen­lebs da a.S. po­li­ti­kur de­ba­teb­Si mo­na­wi­le­o­bis mi­sa­Re­bad.
axa­li xer­xe­bi sa­Su­a­le­bas aZ­levs blo­ge­rebs, veb-mas­te­reb­sa da in­for­ma­ci­is sa­Su­a­le­ba­Ta
sxva mflo­be­lebs, in­ter­ne­ti sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis or­ga­ni­ze­bis sa­Su­a­le­bad ga­mo­iyenon da ara mxolod
37
informaciuli TvalsazrisiT, am­g­var axal kon­cef­ci­ebs So­ris Se­iZ­le­ba da­va­sa­xe­loT, ma­ga­li­Tad,
,,saq­mi­a­no­bis ini­ci­a­ci­is” kon­cef­cia, ro­me­lic sa­Su­a­le­bas aZ­levs veb-mas­te­rebs mo­bi­li­ze­ba mo­ax­
di­non Ta­vi­an­Ti mom­x­ma­reb­le­bis ra­i­me saq­mi­a­no­bis­T­vis xel­m­ZR­va­ne­lo­bis ga­re­Se.
yy ad­gi­lob­riv de­mok­ra­ti­ul ga­er­Ti­a­ne­ba­Ta eleq­t­ro­nu­li mxar­da­We­ra
sa­mo­qa­la­qo ga­er­Ti­a­ne­be­bi mniS­v­ne­lo­van rols Ta­ma­So­ben de­mok­ra­ti­ul pro­ce­seb­Si. isi­ni aZ­le­
ven Se­saZ­leb­lo­bas cal­ke­ul mo­qa­la­qe­ebs me­ti ga­i­gon po­li­ti­ku­ri mov­le­ne­bis Se­sa­xeb da zo­gi­
er­Ti Te­o­re­ti­ko­sis, ma­ga­li­Tad, aleq­sis de to­ke­vi­lis45(Alexis de Toc­qu­e­vil­le) az­riT, war­mo­ad­ge­nen
wya­ros ara­sa­xel­m­wi­fo­eb­riv xe­li­suf­le­ba­Si. sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi po­li­ti­kis mkvle­va­ri jor­ji­is Sta­
tis teq­no­lo­gi­u­ri in­s­ti­tu­ti­dan, hans kle­i­ni, aR­niS­navs, rom sa­zo­ga­do­eb­riv fo­ru­meb­Si mo­na­
wi­le­o­bis­T­vis mTe­li ri­gi dab­r­ko­le­be­bi ar­se­bobs, ise­Ti, ro­go­ri­caa Sek­re­ba konkretul dros
konkretul ad­gil­ze. Ta­vis naS­rom­Si, ro­me­lic Crdi­lo­eT ame­ri­kis Sta­teb­Si sa­mo­qa­la­qo aso­ci­a­
ci­ebs eZR­v­ne­ba. kle­in­ma, ase­ve, aR­niS­na, rom ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­is eleq­t­ro­nu­li sa­Su­a­le­be­bis ga­mo­ye­ne­ba
mniS­v­ne­lov­nad afar­To­ebs Ta­vi­si mi­si­is Se­sas­ru­leb­lad ase­Ti or­ga­ni­za­ci­e­bis Se­saZ­leb­lo­bebs.
yy Ri­re­bu­le­ba da nak­li
sa­in­for­ma­cio da sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bi Ta­vis­Ta­vad arc de­mok­ra­ti­u­lia da arc ara­
de­mok­ra­ti­u­li, da ar ata­re­ben nor­ma­ti­ul xa­si­aTs. isi­ni gar­k­ve­u­li miz­nis miR­we­vis sa­Su­a­le­bas
war­mo­ad­ge­nen (zogjer arapozitiursac ki, ma­ga­li­Tad, cif­rul teq­no­lo­gi­ebs Se­uZ­li­aT wa­a­xa­li­
son iZu­le­bi­Ti kon­t­ro­li an mo­na­wi­le­o­ba), Tum­ca, gar­k­ve­ul in­s­ti­tu­ci­ur struq­tu­rebs Se­uZ­li­
aT xe­li Se­uwyon an da­ab­r­ko­lon eleq­t­ro­nu­li sa­Su­a­le­be­bis ga­mo­ye­ne­ba de­mok­ra­ti­u­li pro­ce­se­
bis sa­si­ke­Tod.
Se­sa­ba­mi­sad, kom­pi­u­te­ri­za­ci­is ris­ke­bi da Se­saZ­leb­lo­be­bi de­mok­ra­ti­ul pro­ce­seb­Si bev­rad
aris da­mo­ki­de­bu­li de­mok­ra­ti­u­li mo­de­liT ar­Ce­ul kon­k­re­tul in­s­ti­tu­ci­o­na­lur struq­tu­reb­
ze (Cve­u­leb­riv, kon­s­ti­tu­ci­iT ga­ni­sazR­v­re­ba da mo­i­cavs so­ci­a­lu­r kon­taq­te­bs, sa­ka­non­m­deb­lo
sa­mar­T­lis speci­fi­kur as­peq­tebs, rep­re­zen­ti­re­bul an pir­da­pir de­mok­ra­ti­as da a.S.).
Ri­re­bu­le­ba
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Ta­na­med­ro­ve teq­no­lo­gi­e­bi, ise­Ti ro­gorc eleq­t­ro­nu­li mi­mo­we­ra, Ta­na­to­le­bis ur­Ti­er­To­
ba eleq­t­ro­nu­li qse­lis sa­Su­a­le­biT, kol­la­bo­ra­to­ri­u­li prog­ra­mu­li uz­run­vel­yo­fa, wi­kis46,
in­ter­net-fo­ru­me­bi da blo­ge­bi - war­mo­ad­gens el-de­mok­ra­ti­is zo­gi­er­Ti sa­kiTxis po­ten­ci­u­ri
ga­dawy­ve­tis sa­Su­a­le­bas. mra­va­li ara­sam­Tav­ro­bo or­ga­ni­za­ci­is sa­i­ti ori­en­ti­re­bu­lia iuri­di­u­li
sa­kiTxe­biT da­in­te­re­se­bul mom­x­ma­re­bel­ze, mo­i­po­ve­ben in­for­ma­ci­as aTa­so­biT sam­Tav­ro­bo or­ga­ni­
za­ci­i­sa da mravali pro­va­i­de­risagan, da aer­Ti­a­ne­ben mo­na­cem­Ta ba­za­Si.
am­g­va­ri sa­i­te­bis mox­ma­re­ba mo­sa­xer­xe­be­lia biz­ne­si­saT­vis, isi­ni far­To sa­zo­ga­do­e­bas aZ­le­ven
Se­saZ­leb­lo­bas ad­vi­lad da ufa­sod mi­uw­v­de­bo­deT xe­li uka­nas­k­nel sa­in­for­ma­cio si­ax­le­eb­ze.
erT-er­Ti ase­Ti ma­ga­li­Ti Se­saZ­le­be­lia iyos sa­i­ti Tran­s­pa­rent-Gov.com, ro­m­lis meSveobiTac mo­
qa­la­qe­ebs Se­uZ­li­aT ufa­sod miiRon informacia qvey­nis re­gi­o­neb­Si Ca­ta­re­bu­li sxva­das­x­va sam­
Tav­ro­bo ini­ci­a­ti­ve­bis Se­sa­xeb.
el-de­mok­ra­tia mo­qa­la­qe­ebs Se­saZ­leb­lo­bas aZ­levs iolad da wi­na­aR­m­de­go­be­bis ga­re­Se mo­i­po­
von mTav­ro­bas­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bu­li in­for­ma­cia. ma­ga­li­Tad, in­di­a­nas Sta­tis sat­ran­s­por­to bi­u­rom
(the Indiana Bureau of Motor Vehicles) ga­a­mar­ti­va mZRo­le­bis ser­ti­fi­ci­re­bis do­ku­men­te­bis ga­da­ce­mis
pro­ce­du­ra sa­ol­qo sa­sa­mar­T­lo­Si. in­di­a­na gax­da pir­ve­li Sta­ti, sa­dac eleq­t­ro­nu­li Stam­pe­lis
(Electronic Postmark) teq­no­lo­gi­is ga­mo­ye­ne­biT xde­ba sam­Tav­ro­bo do­ku­men­te­bis xel­mo­we­ra, ofi­ci­
aleqsi de tokevili (Alexis de Toc­qu­e­vil­le) – me-19 saukunis frangi istorikosi da politologi;
��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
iseTi serveri, romelic momxmarebels saSualebas aZlevs Tavisuflad gaakeTos veb-gverdis redaqtireba nebismieri veb-brauzeris saSualebiT; www.wiki.org/wiki.cgi?WhatIsWiki
45
46
a­lu­ri ser­Ti­fi­ci­re­ba da mim­Re­bi­sT­vis mi­wo­de­ba. ala­ba­mas Sta­tis bu­neb­ri­vi re­sur­se­bi­sa da
ga­re­mos dac­vis de­par­ta­men­t­ma, ma­Ra­zi­a­Ta qsel­ma Wal-Mart da NIC Seq­m­nes na­di­ro­bi­sa da Tev­z­We­
ris li­cen­zi­e­bis ga­yid­vis eleq­t­ro­nu­li sis­te­ma. pir­ve­li na­di­ro­bis se­zo­nis dros Wal-Mart -is
ma­Ra­zi­eb­Si gaiyida 140 aTas­ze me­ti li­cen­zia. sa­a­gen­to am sam­sa­xu­ri­dan yo­vel­dRi­u­rad 200 000
do­la­ris ode­no­bis eko­no­mi­as iReb­da.
eleq­t­ro­nu­li de­mok­ra­ti­is ki­dev er­T Ri­re­bu­le­bas warmoadgens is, rom sa­Su­a­le­bas iZ­leva
axal­gaz­r­do­ba uf­ro aq­ti­u­rad Car­Tos ar­Cev­neb­Si. el-de­mok­ra­ti­a­sa da xmis mi­ce­mis eleq­t­ro­nul
sis­te­mas Se­uZ­lia, ase­ve, ga­mo­as­wo­ros bo­lo dros Sem­C­ne­u­li ten­den­cia amomrCevelTa Sem­ci­re­ba.
ar­Cev­neb­Si mo­na­wi­le axal­gaz­r­da ada­mi­an­Ta ricx­vi mkveT­rad Sem­cir­da in­dus­t­ri­u­lad gan­vi­Ta­
re­bul qvey­neb­Si, ma­ga­li­Tad, ro­go­ri­caa ka­na­da, ame­ri­kis Se­er­Te­bu­li Sta­te­bi da di­di bri­ta­ne­
Ti. po­li­ti­kur pro­ce­seb­Si eleq­t­ro­nu­l mo­na­wi­le­o­bas Se­uZ­lia mi­i­zi­dos mra­va­li axal­gaz­r­da
ada­mi­a­ni, rome­lic sxva Sem­Tx­ve­va­Si tra­di­ci­uli me­Todi ga­ci­le­biT xel­say­re­li da mim­zid­ve­li
mi­aCndaT. eleq­t­ro­nul de­mok­ra­ti­as Se­uZ­lia de­mok­ra­ti­ul pro­ce­seb­Si aamaR­los mo­na­wi­le­Ta aq­
ti­u­ro­ba, ga­naT­le­bis do­ne, Se­am­ci­ros amom­r­Ce­vel­Ta apa­Tia da gax­des po­li­ti­ku­ri dis­ku­si­e­bis
sa­Wi­ro na­wi­li.
nak­li
pozitiur SedegebTan er­Tad, zo­gi­erT te­ri­to­ri­ul zo­na­Si, am teq­no­lo­gi­as Se­uZ­lia ga­mo­iw­vi­
os gar­k­ve­u­li prob­le­me­bi, ma­ga­li­Tad, mas ar Ses­wevs una­ri mxa­ri da­u­Wi­ros axal ini­ci­a­ti­vebs, an
da­ic­vas ,,pi­rov­nu­li Zar­c­vi­sa­gan”, ase­ve prob­le­me­bi, ro­me­lic ukav­Sir­de­ba in­for­ma­ci­ul ga­dat­
vir­T­vas da van­da­lizms.
yve­la­ze xSi­ri uTan­x­mo­e­ba Ria eleq­to­ro­nu­li de­mok­ra­ti­is wi­na­aR­m­deg ukav­Sir­de­ba mmar­T­ve­li
wre­e­bis po­pu­liz­m­sa da de­ma­go­gi­i­sa­ken swraf­vis saf­r­Txes. ar­se­bobs uf­ro re­a­lu­ri uTan­x­mo­e­bac,
ma­ga­li­Tad cif­ru­li da­yo­fa maT So­ris, vi­sac xe­li mi­uw­v­de­ba el-de­mok­ra­ti­a­ze da maT So­ri­sac,
vi­sac is ar aqvs (ma­ga­li­Tad, in­ter­ne­ti, mo­bi­lu­ri te­le­fo­ni), ase­ve al­ter­na­ti­ul Ri­re­bu­le­bas­
Tan eleq­t­ro­nu­li de­mok­ra­ti­is unar-Cve­ve­bis da­ner­g­vi­sas.
yy Ria eleq­t­ro­nu­li de­mok­ra­ti­u­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba
Ria eleq­t­ro­nu­li de­mok­ra­tia es aris Ria de­mok­ra­ti­is for­ma, ro­de­sac in­ter­ne­ti da sxva
eleq­t­ro­nu­li sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bi ga­mo­i­ye­ne­ba re­fe­ren­dum­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bu­li bi­u­rok­
ra­ti­u­li pro­ce­se­bis srul­yo­fi­saT­vis. mi­si mom­x­re­e­bi ama­te­ben aq sa­TaT­bi­ro pro­ce­se­bis teq­no­
lo­gi­ur srul­yo­fi­le­ba­sac. Ria eleq­t­ro­nu­li de­mok­ra­tia aRi­niS­ne­ba ab­re­vi­a­tu­riT EDD, mag­ram
ga­mo­i­ye­ne­ba sxva ab­re­vi­a­tu­re­bic, rom­le­bic, ar­se­bi­Tad er­Ti da ima­ve cne­bas war­mo­ad­ge­nen.
Ria eleq­t­ro­nu­li de­mok­ra­tia gu­lis­x­mobs xmis mi­ce­mi­sa da re­gis­t­ra­ci­is sxva for­mebs eleq­t­
ro­nu­li teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis meS­ve­o­biT. ro­gorc sxva ne­bis­mi­er Ria de­mok­ra­ti­ul sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba­Si, Ria
eleq­t­ro­nul de­mok­ra­ti­a­Si (EDD) sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba flobs uf­le­bas xma mis­ces ka­non­p­ro­eq­tis sa­sar­
geb­lod an sa­wi­na­aR­m­de­god, Se­ad­gi­nos ka­non­p­ro­eq­te­bi da da­iTxo­vos Ta­vi­si war­mo­mad­gen­le­bi.
Ria eleq­t­ro­nu­li de­mok­ra­ti­is (EDD) mxar­da­We­ris teq­no­lo­gia Se­mu­Sa­ve­bul iq­na flo­ri­dis
teq­no­lo­gi­ur in­s­ti­tut­Si. es teq­no­lo­gia uk­ve ga­mo­i­ye­ne­ba or­ga­ni­za­ci­is Ta­nam­S­rom­leb­Si. yve­
la­ze mniS­v­ne­lo­va­ni mim­di­na­re pro­eq­tebs So­ris aris pro­eq­ti ,,me­tam­Tav­ro­ba” (Metagovernment).
Ria eleq­t­ro­nu­li de­mok­ra­tia (EDD) ro­gorc sis­te­ma, mTli­a­no­ba­Si jer ki­dev ar aris mi­Re­
bu­li ar­sad msof­li­o­Si, mag­ram zo­gi­er­Ti mas­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bu­li ini­ci­a­ti­ve­bi uk­ve for­mi­re­bis
sta­di­a­Sia. aSS-s pre­zi­den­tis sa­ar­Cev­no kam­pa­ni­is dros pos­t­ze 1992 da 1996 wleb­Si, ros pe­ro
em­x­ro­bo­da Ria eleq­t­ro­nul de­mok­ra­ti­as (EDD) da ga­mo­vi­da ,,eleq­t­ro­nu­li me­ri­is” Seq­m­nis wi­na­
da­de­biT. am sfe­ro­Si gar­k­ve­u­li war­ma­te­be­bia Sve­i­ca­ri­a­Sic, sa­dac na­wi­lob­riv uk­ve ar­se­bobs Ria
de­mok­ra­tia. av­s­t­ra­li­ur­ma po­li­ti­kur­ma par­ti­am Se­na­tor OnLine, ro­me­lic 2007 wlis fe­de­ra­lu­
ri ar­Cev­ne­bis dros ib­r­Zo­da se­na­to­ro­bi­saT­vis, Ses­Ta­va­za Ria eleq­t­ro­nu­li de­mok­ra­ti­is (EDD)
39
sis­te­mis da­fuZ­ne­ba, ra­Ta av­s­t­ra­li­e­lebs Tvi­Ton ga­da­ewy­vi­taT se­na­to­rebs ro­gor mi­e­caT xma ama
Tu im ka­non­p­ro­eq­ti­saT­vis.
gam­W­vir­va­le an Ria de­mok­ra­tia, ro­me­lic gu­lis­x­mobs uf­le­ba­mo­si­le­bis de­le­gi­re­bas, mo­qa­la­
qe­ebs mis­cems sa­Su­a­le­bas air­Ci­on ndo­biT aR­Wur­vi­li pi­ri, ro­me­lic xmas mis­cems ma­Ti sa­xe­liT,
amas­Ta­na­ve Se­i­nar­Cu­nebs sa­ku­Ta­ri xmis mi­ce­mis uf­le­bas. ndo­biT aR­Wur­vil pir­Ta ar­Cev­ne­bi da
da­niS­v­na Se­iZ­le­ba mox­des eleq­t­ro­nu­li sa­Su­a­le­biT. ndo­biT aR­Wur­vil pi­rebs Se­uZ­li­aT ase­ve
ndo­biT aR­Wur­vil pir­Ta jaW­vis for­mi­re­ba, ro­mel­Sic Tu ,,a” ir­Cevs ,,b”-s, xo­lo ,,b” ir­Cevs ,,g”-s,
da arc ,,a”-m da arc ,,b”-m ar air­Cia Se­mo­Ta­va­ze­bu­li ka­non­p­ro­eq­ti, xo­lo ,,g”-m xma mis­ca, ma­Sin ,,g”-s
xma Ca­iT­v­le­ba sa­mi­ves ma­giv­rad. mo­qa­la­qe­ebs, ase­ve, Se­uZ­li­aT ga­mo­i­ye­non Ta­vi­an­Ti ndo­biT aR­Wur­
vi­li pi­re­bi upi­ra­te­so­bis mi­xed­viT, ase rom, Tu pi­ri, ro­me­lic pir­ve­lia am si­a­Si ver SeZ­lebs
xmis mi­ce­mas, ma­Sin mi­si xma Se­iZ­le­ba gadaeces si­a­Si ndo­biT aR­Wur­vil mom­dev­no pi­r­s. am­g­va­ri sis­
te­mis to­po­lo­gia asa­xavs TviT in­ter­ne­tis struq­tu­ras, ro­mel­Sic mar­S­ru­ti­za­tors aqvs sawyi­si
da al­ter­na­ti­u­li ser­ve­ri, sa­i­da­nac Se­iZ­le­ba in­for­ma­ci­is ga­moTxo­va.
el-mTav­ro­ba (Se­mok­le­ba, mi­Re­bu­li eleq­t­ro­nu­li mTav­ro­bis aR­sa­niS­nad, ase­ve cno­bi­lia, ro­
gorc e-gov, cif­ru­li, on­la­in an tran­s­for­ma­ci­u­li mTav­ro­ba) – es aris gav­r­ce­le­bu­li ne­o­lo­
giz­mi, da­kav­Si­re­bu­li sa­in­for­ma­cio da sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis ga­mo­ye­ne­bas­Tan sam­Tav­ro­bo
sam­sa­xu­re­bis srul­yo­fi­sa da uz­run­vel­yo­fis, ope­ra­ci­e­bi­sa da ur­Ti­er­T­kav­Si­ri­saT­vis mo­qa­la­qe­
eb­Tan, biz­ne­seb­Tan da a.S.
yy el-mTav­ro­bis fun­q­ci­o­ni­re­bis mo­de­li
el-mTav­ro­bis fun­q­ci­o­na­lu­ri kav­Si­re­bis Zi­ri­Ta­di mo­de­le­bi Se­saZ­loa da­yo­fil iq­nas am­g­va­
rad:
mTav­ro­ba – mo­qa­la­qe an, mTav­ro­ba – dam­k­ve­Ti (G2C)
mTav­ro­ba – biz­ne­si (G2B)
mTav­ro­ba – mTav­ro­ba (G2G)
mTav­ro­ba – mom­sa­xu­re­e­bi (G2E)
yve­la am sfe­ro­Si xde­ba oTxi sa­xis moq­me­de­ba: [1] [2] in­for­ma­ci­is ga­da­ce­ma in­ter­ne­tis meS­ve­
o­biT, ma­ga­li­Tis­T­vis, ma­re­gu­li­re­bel sam­sa­xur­Tan, sadRe­sas­wa­u­lo dRe­eb­Tan, sa­ja­ro mos­me­nis
gra­fik­Tan, sxva­das­x­va Setyo­bi­ne­basTan, cno­beb­Tan da a.S. da­kav­Si­re­biT.
- or­m­x­ri­vi kav­Si­ri mTav­ro­ba­sa da mo­qa­la­qe­ebs So­ris, biz­nes­sa da sxva sam­Tav­ro­bo struq­tu­
rebs So­ris. am mo­de­liT mom­x­ma­reb­lebs Se­uZ­li­aT Ca­er­Ton sxva­das­x­va or­ga­ni­za­ci­asTan di­a­log­Si
da Se­atyo­bi­non Ta­vi­an­Ti prob­le­me­bis Se­sa­xeb, ga­a­ke­Ton ko­men­ta­ri, mi­mar­Ton Txov­niT an moTxov­
niT.
- ope­ra­ci­is Ca­ta­re­ba, ma­ga­li­Tad, sa­ga­da­sa­xa­do de­kal­ra­ci­is gan­Tav­se­ba, gan­cxa­de­be­biT mi­mar­T­
va, an gran­ti da a.S.
- mar­T­va, ma­ga­li­Tad, on­la­in-ga­mo­kiTx­va, xmis mi­ce­ma an kam­pa­ni­is Ca­ta­re­ba.
40
yy el-mTav­ro­ba, ro­me­lic ar aris da­kav­Si­re­bu­li in­ter­net­Tan
mi­u­xe­da­vad imi­sa, rom el-mTav­ro­bas yve­la­ze xSi­rad aR­viq­vamT, ro­gorc ,,on­la­in” an ,,in­ter­net­
ze da­fuZ­ne­buls”, am kon­teq­s­t­Si Se­saZ­le­be­lia Ca­er­Tos ,,eleq­t­ro­nu­li mTav­ro­bis” sxva teq­no­lo­
gi­e­bic, ro­me­lic in­ter­net­Tan ar aris da­kav­Si­re­bu­li. maT So­ris: te­le­fo­ni, faq­si, PDA, SMS, MMS,
uka­be­lo qse­le­bi da ser­vi­se­bi, blu­Tu­si, CCTV, saT­val­T­va­lo sis­te­me­bi, RFID, bi­o­met­ri­u­li iden­
ti­fi­ka­cia, sag­zao moZ­ra­o­bis mar­T­va, sa­i­den­ti­fi­ka­cio ba­ra­Te­bi, smart-ba­ra­Te­bi da ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­is
ga­mo­ye­ne­bis sxva mo­sazR­v­re sfe­ro­e­bi, ase­ve teq­no­lo­gi­e­biT aR­Wur­vi­li sa­ar­Cev­no ub­ne­bi (sa­dac
tar­de­ba eleq­t­ro­nu­li xmis ­mi­ce­ma ara­on­la­in), sam­Tav­ro­bo sam­sa­xu­re­bis mu­Sa­o­ba te­le­vi­zi­i­sa da
ra­di­os meS­ve­o­biT, eleq­t­ro­nu­li fos­ta, ko­mu­na­lu­ri on­la­in sam­sa­xu­re­bi, mi­sa­mar­Te­bis eleq­t­ro­
nu­li wig­ni, on­la­in Ca­Ti da ko­res­po­den­ci­is swra­fi mi­wo­de­bis teq­no­lo­gi­e­bi.
yy el-mTav­ro­bis po­ten­ci­u­ri Rir­se­ba da ris­ki
ris­ki
bevrs sa­ub­ro­ben el-de­mok­ra­ti­is Seq­m­ni­sa da da­ner­g­vis po­ten­ci­ur Se­de­geb­ze. mas­ve mi­e­kuT­v­ne­
ba mo­qa­la­qe­eb­sa da mTav­ro­bas So­ris Su­a­le­du­ri rgo­lis arar­se­bo­bis sa­kiTxe­bi, ase­ve dar­R­ve­
ve­bi sta­tus quo47 am sfe­ro­eb­Si.
gan­sa­kuT­re­bu­li meT­val­yu­re­o­ba
mTav­ro­ba­sa da mo­qa­la­qe­ebs So­ris kon­taq­te­bis ga­far­To­e­ba ata­rebs or­m­x­riv xa­si­aTs. mi­u­xe­
da­vad el-mTav­ro­bis gan­vi­Ta­re­bi­sa da srul­yo­fi­sa mo­qa­la­qe­ebs mo­u­wevT maT­Tan eleq­t­ro­nu­li
sa­Su­a­le­biT Ta­nam­S­rom­lo­ba, ra­mac po­ten­ci­u­rad Se­iZ­le­ba Se­­la­xos mo­qa­la­qe­Ta uf­le­be­bi pi­rad
cxov­re­ba­Si, vinaidan mTav­ro­ba­s ga­uC­n­de­ba sul uf­ro me­ti mtki­ce­bu­le­ba Ta­vis mo­qa­la­qe­eb­ze.
uares Sem­Tx­ve­va­Si, ro­de­sac eleq­t­ro­nu­li gziT ga­dis in­for­ma­cia mTav­ro­ba­sa da mo­qa­la­qe­ebs So­
ris, qve­ya­na­Si Se­iZ­le­ba gan­vi­Tar­des sis­te­ma, msgav­si to­ta­li­ta­riz­mis. ro­de­sac mTav­ro­ba flobs
uam­rav in­for­ma­ci­as Ta­visi mo­qa­la­qe­e­bis Se­sa­xeb, ikar­ge­ba pi­ra­di cxov­re­bis cneba.
da­na­kar­ge­bi
mi­u­xe­da­vad imi­sa, rom el-mTav­ro­bis gan­vi­Ta­re­bi­sa da re­a­li­za­ci­i­saT­vis da­xar­jul iq­na auare­
be­li Tan­xa, zo­gi­er­T­i adamianis az­riT, Se­de­gi arc ise sa­xar­bi­e­lo iyo. in­ter­ne­tis ba­za­ze elmTav­ro­bis Seq­m­nis mcde­lo­bis Se­de­gi an ara­da­mak­ma­yo­fi­le­be­lia, an rTu­lia mi­si ga­zom­va.
xel­mi­uw­v­dom­lo­ba
el-mTav­ro­bis veb-gver­di, ro­me­lic uz­run­vel­yofs qse­lur xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­ba­sa da mxar­da­We­ras,
xSi­rad ar iZ­le­va mom­x­ma­re­bel­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bis Se­saZ­leb­lo­bas, maT So­ris maT­Tan, vinc So­re­ul
ra­i­o­neb­Si cxov­robs, ar Se­uZ­li­aT sax­li­dan gas­v­la, cu­dad flo­ben in­g­li­sur enas, im­yo­fe­bi­an
si­Ra­ri­bis zRvar­ze, itan­je­bi­an qro­ni­ku­li da­a­va­de­be­biT da ari­an mar­to­xe­la de­de­bi an xan­daz­
mu­le­bi.
gam­W­vir­va­lo­bi­sa da an­ga­riS­val­de­bu­le­bis mcda­ri grZno­ba
el-mTav­ro­bis mo­wi­na­aR­m­de­gebs miaCniaT, rom el-mTav­ro­bis gam­W­vir­va­lo­ba Zal­ze sa­eW­voa, vi­
na­i­dan mas mxars uWers Ta­vad mTav­ro­ba. in­for­ma­cia Se­iZ­le­ba TviT­ne­bu­rad gan­Tav­s­des an amo­var­
des in­ter­ne­ti­dan une­bar­T­vod, an sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis ne­bar­T­viT. ma­ga­li­Tad, 2001 wlis 11 no­em­bers,
niu-or­k­Si msof­lio sa­vaW­ro cen­t­r­ze te­ro­ris­te­bis Tav­das­x­mis Sem­deg aSS-s fe­de­ra­lur­ma xe­li­
status-kvo [laT. status quo] - saerTaSoriso samarTalSi: raime garkveul momentSi (winaT an amJamad) arsebuli
mdgomareoba.
47
41
suf­le­bam amo­i­Ro di­di ra­o­de­no­biT sam­Tav­ro­bo in­for­ma­cia Ta­vi­si veb-gver­de­bi­dan erov­nu­li
usaf­r­Txo­e­bis dac­vis miz­niT. am faq­t­ma aSS-is mo­qa­la­qe­e­bis Se­um­C­nev­lad Ca­i­a­ra. dRes­dRe­o­biT
mxo­lod zo­gi­er­Ti or­ga­ni­za­cia awarmoebs gam­W­vir­va­lo­bis kon­t­rols am mo­di­fi­ka­ci­iT. xSi­rad
ese­ni ara­ko­mer­ci­u­li, mo­xa­li­se­ob­ri­vi or­ga­ni­za­ci­e­bi ari­an, ro­go­ri­caa United Sta­tes’ OMBWatch da
Government Accountability Project (mTav­ro­bis an­ga­riS­val­de­bu­le­bis pro­eq­ti). TviT xe­li­suf­le­bac ki
ar adev­nebs yo­vel­T­vis Tval­yurs in­for­ma­ci­as, ro­mel­sac isi­ni aTav­se­ben an iRe­ben in­ter­net­Si.
upi­ra­te­so­ba
upi­ra­te­so­ba mdgo­ma­re­obs ima­Si, rom el-mTav­ro­ba mo­xer­xe­bu­li da ren­ta­be­lu­ria biz­ne­si­saT­
vis, xo­lo sa­zo­ga­do­e­bas xe­li mi­uw­v­de­ba uax­les in­for­ma­ci­a­ze dro­is, ener­gi­i­sa da fu­lis da­na­
kar­gis ga­re­Se.
el-mTav­ro­ba xels uwyobs pro­ce­se­bis ga­mar­ti­ve­bas, mo­qa­la­qe­e­bi­sa da sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi or­ga­
ni­za­ci­e­bis xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­bas sa­ja­ro in­for­ma­ci­as­Tan. ma­ga­li­Tad, in­di­a­nas Sta­tis sa­pas­por­to
bi­u­rom ga­a­mar­ti­va sa­ol­qo sa­sa­mar­T­lo­Si mZRol­Ta ser­ti­fi­ci­re­bis do­ku­men­te­bis ga­da­ce­mis pro­
ce­du­ra. in­di­a­na pir­ve­li Sta­tia, sa­dac Electronic Postmark teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis ga­mo­ye­ne­biT xde­ba sam­
Tav­ro­bo do­ku­men­te­bis xel­mo­we­ra, ofi­ci­a­lu­ri ser­Ti­fi­cir­de­ba da ad­re­sa­tis­T­vis mi­wo­de­ba.
el-de­mok­ra­ti­is ser­vi­se­bi ewe­vi­an sax­s­re­bis eko­no­mi­as. ala­ba­mas Sta­tis bu­neb­ri­vi re­sur­se­bi­sa
da ga­re­mos dac­vis de­par­ta­men­t­ma, Wal-Mart-isa da NIC-is ma­Ra­zi­e­bis qsel­ma ar­se­bul kom­pi­u­te­rul
ba­za­Si Seq­m­na na­di­ro­bi­sa da Tev­z­We­ris li­cen­zi­e­bis ga­yid­vis eleq­t­ro­nu­li sis­te­ma. pir­vel sa­mo­
na­di­reo se­zon­ze Wal-Mart-is ma­Ra­zi­eb­Si ga­i­yi­da 140 aTas­ze me­ti li­cen­zia da sa­a­gen­to va­ra­u­dob­
da am sam­sa­xu­ri­dan yo­vel­dRi­u­rad 200 aTa­si do­la­ris eko­no­mi­is mi­Re­bas.
el-mTav­ro­bis sar­ge­be­li mdgo­ma­re­obs mis efeq­tu­ro­ba­Si, sam­sa­xu­re­bis sa­mu­Sa­os ga­um­jo­be­se­ba­
Si, sa­zo­ga­do­eb­riv sam­sa­xur­Ta uf­ro far­To xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­ba­Si, gam­W­vir­va­lo­ba­sa da mTav­ro­bis
an­ga­riS­val­de­bu­le­ba­Si.
de­mok­ra­ti­za­cia
el-mTav­ro­bis erT-er­Ti mi­za­ni qvey­nis de­da­qa­laq­Si mim­di­na­re pro­ce­seb­Si mo­qa­la­qe­Ta uf­ro
far­To mo­na­wi­le­o­ba gax­de­ba. in­ter­ne­tis dax­ma­re­biT mo­qa­la­qe­e­bi qvey­nis yve­la kuTxi­dan SeZ­
le­ben ze­moq­me­de­ba iqo­ni­on po­li­ti­ko­seb­ze da mi­aw­v­di­non xma. blo­gin­ge­bi da in­te­raq­ti­u­li mi­
mo­xil­ve­bi da­ex­ma­re­baT po­li­ti­ko­sebs Se­ityon ada­mi­an­Ta az­ri ne­bis­mi­er kon­k­re­tul sa­kiTx­ze.
spe­ci­a­lur Ca­Teb­Si mo­qa­la­qe­ebs Se­uZ­li­aT re­a­lur dro­Si da­u­kav­Sir­d­nen ar­Ce­ul ofi­ci­a­lur
pi­rebs, maT ofi­sebs da uSu­a­lo ze­moq­me­de­ba iqo­ni­on xe­li­suf­le­ba­ze. am­g­va­ri teq­no­lo­gi­e­bi xels
Se­uwyobs xe­li­suf­le­bis gam­W­vir­va­lo­bas da sa­Su­a­le­bas mis­cems amom­r­Cev­lebs da­u­yo­neb­liv Se­
ityon ma­Ti war­mo­mad­gen­le­bi da­da­qa­laq­Si ro­gor da ra­tom aZ­le­ven xmas swo­red ase, da ara
sxvag­va­rad. es da­ex­ma­re­ba amom­r­Cev­lebs ukeT gan­sazR­v­ron vis mis­cen xma mo­ma­val­Si. Te­o­ri­u­lad,
el-mTav­ro­bis Se­saZ­leb­lo­be­bis ga­mo­ye­ne­biT, mTav­ro­bas Se­uZ­lia mi­u­ax­lov­des WeS­ma­rit de­mok­ra­
ti­as. xe­li­suf­le­bis gam­W­vir­va­lo­ba sa­Su­a­le­bas mis­cems sa­zo­ga­do­e­bas ukeT ga­i­gos ro­gor xde­ba
ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­be­bis mi­Re­ba da maT mi­er ar­Ce­ul mo­xe­le­ebs aiZu­lebs Ta­vi­anT qme­de­beb­ze an­ga­riS­
val­de­bu­le­bas. ra­Rac do­nem­de sa­zo­ga­do­e­bas Se­uZ­lia ar­se­bi­Tad da uSu­a­lod imoq­me­dos sa­ka­non­
m­deb­lo xe­li­suf­le­ba­ze.
sar­ge­be­li ga­re­mo­saT­vis
42
el-de­mok­ra­ti­is mom­x­re­ebs mi­aC­ni­aT, rom on­la­in mTav­ro­bis dros Sem­cir­de­ba beW­dur for­ma­
ze moTxov­na. ga­re­mos dam­c­ve­le­bis, ma­sob­ri­vi in­for­ma­ci­is sa­Su­a­le­be­bi­sa da sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis ze­wo­
liT zo­gi­er­T­ma mTav­ro­bam da or­ga­ni­za­ci­am upi­ra­te­so­ba mi­a­ni­Wa in­ter­nets, ra­Ta Sem­ci­re­bu­li­yo
moTxov­na qa­Ral­d­ze. ma­ga­li­Tad, aSS-s mTav­ro­ba iye­nebs veb-gverds Si­da sa­xe­li­suf­le­bo for­me­bis
ga­da­sa­ce­mad fe­de­ra­lu­ri Ta­nam­S­rom­le­bi­saT­vis da am­g­va­rad mniS­v­ne­lov­nad am­ci­rebs qa­Ral­dis
ga­mo­ye­ne­bas.
siC­qa­re, efeq­tu­ro­ba da mo­xer­xe­bu­lo­ba
el-mTav­ro­bis mmar­T­ve­lo­bis dros mo­qa­la­qe­e­bi kom­pi­u­te­re­bis meS­ve­o­biT wyve­ten Ta­vi­anT amo­
ca­nebs ne­bis­mi­er ad­gil­ze, ne­bis­mi­er dros, Se­sa­ba­mi­sad, mcir­de­ba sa­ja­ro mo­xe­le­e­bis nax­vis auci­
leb­lo­ba sam­sa­xu­reb­sa da ka­bi­ne­teb­Si. kom­pi­u­te­ri­za­cia sa­Su­a­le­bas iZ­le­va amaR­l­des an­ga­riS­
val­de­bu­le­ba da re­gis­t­ra­cia, ga­ad­vil­des in­for­ma­ci­i­sa da sxva­das­x­va an­ke­tis xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­ba,
da­i­zo­gos dro. Te­ma­tu­ri in­for­ma­ci­i­sa da fa­i­le­bis Zeb­na dRes rTu­li ar aris, vi­na­i­dan isi­ni
ina­xe­ba mo­na­cem­Ta ba­za­Si da ara da­beW­di­li for­miT, gan­Tav­se­bu­li sxva­das­x­va ad­gi­las. avad­m­yo­
fe­bi da SezRu­du­li Se­saZ­leb­lo­be­bis mqo­ne pi­re­bi auci­le­be­li ar aris iy­v­nen mo­bi­lu­re­bi, ra­Ta
mo­na­wi­le­o­ba mi­i­Ron mTav­ro­bis mu­Sa­o­ba­Si, maT Se­uZ­li­aT dar­C­nen sa­ku­Ta­ri sax­lis kom­for­t­ul
garemoSi.
sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi mxar­da­We­ra
el-mTav­ro­bis Seq­m­nis mcde­lo­bam sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis mxri­dan mo­i­po­va mxar­da­We­ra da mo­wo­ne­ba. mo­
qa­la­qe­eb­ma mo­ux­Si­res po­li­ti­kur sa­kiTxeb­ze on­la­in-dis­ku­si­a­Si mo­na­wi­le­o­bas, xo­lo axal­gaz­r­
do­ba, ro­mel­sac, Cve­u­leb­riv, nak­le­bad ain­te­re­sebs sa­xel­m­wi­fo­eb­ri­vi saq­me­e­bi, sul uf­ro me­tad
er­T­ve­ba eleq­t­ro­nu­li ar­Cev­ne­bis pro­ce­du­reb­Si.
sam­Tav­ro­bo prog­ra­mebs in­ter­net-siv­r­ce­Si ak­ri­ti­ke­ben mo­qa­la­qe­Ta pi­ra­di cxov­re­bis ara­sak­
ma­ri­sad dac­vis ga­mo. kvle­vam aC­ve­na, rom ada­mi­a­ne­bi­saT­vis uf­ro mniS­v­ne­lo­va­nia ara ma­Ti pi­ra­di
cxov­re­bis kon­fi­den­ci­a­lo­ba, ara­med is, rom dam­na­Sa­ve­eb­ma aiRon pa­su­xis­m­geb­lo­ba sa­ku­Tar da­na­
Sa­ul­ze. aSS-s zrdas­ru­li mo­sax­le­o­bis 90% mxars uWers dam­na­Sa­ve­Ta Zeb­nis­T­vis in­te­re­net-sis­te­
me­bis ga­mo­ye­ne­bas, xo­lo 57% Ta­nax­maa daT­mon ano­ni­mu­ro­ba, Tu­ki es da­ex­ma­re­ba te­ro­ris­te­bi­sa da
dam­na­Sa­ve­e­bis da­We­ra­sa da pa­su­xis­ge­bas.
el-mTav­ro­bis spe­ci­fi­ku­ri teq­no­lo­gi­e­bi
el-mTav­ro­bis qve­ka­te­go­riaSi ar­se­bobs ise­Ti spe­ci­fi­ku­ri teq­no­lo­gi­e­bi, ro­go­ri­caa: em-mTav­
ro­ba (mo­bi­lu­ri mTav­ro­ba), U-mTav­ro­ba (U-go­ver­n­ment - yvel­gan ar­se­bu­li mTav­ro­ba) da G-mTav­ro­ba
(va­ri­an­te­bi GIS/GPS el-mTav­ro­ba).
el-mTav­ro­bis por­ta­le­bi da plat­for­me­bi.
el-mTav­ro­bis in­for­ma­ci­is mi­wo­de­bis Zi­ri­Ta­di mo­de­le­bi efuZ­ne­ba sargeblianobis princips.
sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi Tu ker­Zo seq­to­ris por­ta­le­bi­sa da plat­for­me­bis Se­mu­Sa­ve­bi­sas iq­m­ne­ba sis­te­ma,
ro­me­lic sa­Wi­roa ori­ve seq­to­ri­saT­vis. mo­qa­la­qe­ebs, ro­mel­Tac esa­Wi­ro­e­baT sa­ku­Ta­ri av­to­mo­bi­
lis re­gis­t­ra­ci­is aR­d­ge­na, Se­uZ­li­aT iolad aRadginon.
biz­ne­si ari­s sxva­das­x­va ser­vi­sis mom­wo­debe­li, rac tra­di­ci­u­lad mxo­lod mTav­ro­bis pre­ro­
ga­ti­va iyo da moq­me­de­ben ro­gorc am sa­xel­m­wi­fos par­t­ni­o­re­bi. biz­ness Se­uZ­lia mi­i­Ros Se­mo­sa­
va­li am mom­sa­xu­re­bi­dan da mo­i­zi­dos axa­li kli­en­te­bi. sam­Tav­ro­bo sa­a­gen­to­e­bi Ta­vi­suf­l­de­bi­an
da­na­kar­ge­bi­sa da zed­me­ti prob­le­me­bi­sa­gan, ro­me­lic am­g­va­ri ope­ra­ci­e­bis Ca­ta­re­bas ukav­Sir­de­ba.
mTav­ro­bas Se­uZ­lia ga­na­vi­Ta­ros sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi por­ta­le­bi (an plat­for­me­bi) da mar­Tos mi­siT
qvey­nis Sig­niT, an mo­i­zi­dos re­sur­se­bi ga­re­dan, an ga­a­for­mos kon­t­raq­te­bi TviT­da­fi­nan­se­bis sa­
fuZ­vel­ze. TviT­da­fi­nan­se­bis mo­de­li gu­lis­x­mobs por­ta­le­bis Seq­m­nas, rom­le­bic TviT­fi­nan­s­de­ba
el-mTav­ro­bis gan­sazR­v­ru­li ope­ra­ci­e­bis xel­say­re­li sa­fa­su­ris xar­j­ze. am sis­te­ma­Si pir­ve­le­bi
iy­v­nen govOne So­li­ti­ons, First Data Government So­lu­ti­ons da NIC kom­pa­ni­e­bi, rom­le­bic Se­iq­m­na TviT­da­fi­
nan­se­bis mo­de­lis sa­fuZ­vel­ze.
sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi qse­li - es aris el-mTav­ro­bis mxo­lod ax­la­xan ga­Ce­ni­li sfe­ro. qsel­Si Se­ma­va­
li wer­ti­le­bi mde­ba­re­o­ben uSu­a­lod mo­qa­la­qe­eb­Tan ax­los da isi­ni Tvi­Ton sazR­v­ra­ven qsel­Si
ma­Ti mo­na­wi­le­o­bis pi­ro­bebs. el-mTav­ro­bis mom­x­re­ebs mi­aC­ni­aT, rom mTav­ro­bis mi­er sa­zo­ga­do­eb­
43
ri­vi qse­lu­ri ga­er­Ti­a­ne­be­bis ga­mo­ye­ne­ba war­mo­ad­gens da­ma­kav­Si­re­bel rgols, ro­me­lic ex­ma­re­ba
mTav­ro­bas imoq­me­dos ise, ro­gorc imoq­me­deb­d­nen TviT mo­qa­la­qe­ni, ro­mel­Tac is em­sa­xu­re­ba. ma­
ga­li­Te­bi Se­iZ­le­ba vi­po­voT veb-gver­deb­ze The Official Com­mon­we­alth of Virginia Homepage, sa­dac mo­qa­
la­qe­ebs Se­uZ­li­aT ipo­von Google-is in­s­t­ru­men­ta­ria da gax­s­nan sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi fo­ru­me­bi.
ga­e­ros mi­er Se­mu­Sa­ve­bu­li el-mTav­ro­ba­ze ga­das­v­lis mza­o­bis maC­ve­ne­be­li
ar­se­bobs el-mTav­ro­bis ram­de­ni­me sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so gra­da­cia. uf­ro xSi­rad asa­xe­le­ben The Eurostat
Ran­kings, Economist, Brown University, da UN e-Government Re­a­di­ness Index. ga­e­ro yo­vel­w­li­u­rad am­za­debs
mi­mo­xil­vas el-mTav­ro­bis Se­sa­xeb, ro­mel­Sic Se­dis er­Ti Ta­vi sa­xel­wo­de­biT ,,el-mTav­ro­ba­ze ga­
das­v­lis mza­o­ba”. mas­Si moy­va­ni­lia msof­li­os qvey­ne­bis Se­da­re­bi­Ti gra­da­cia ori Zi­ri­Ta­di maC­ve­
neb­liT: (1) el-mTav­ro­ba­ze ga­das­v­lis mza­o­ba, da (2) ,,eleq­t­ro­nu­li mo­na­wi­le­o­bis” xa­ris­xi. cif­
ru­li mom­sa­xu­re­bis Se­fa­se­bis mo­de­lis Seq­m­nis miz­niT mi­mo­xil­va­Si mo­ce­mu­lia ga­e­ros 191 wev­ri
sa­xel­m­wi­fos el-mTav­ro­bis mza­o­bis ra­o­de­nob­ri­vi Se­mad­gen­lo­bis in­deq­sis Se­fa­se­ba, ro­me­lic
efuZ­ne­ba veb-gver­de­bis, te­le­sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio in­f­ras­t­ruq­tu­ri­sa da ada­mi­a­nu­ri re­sur­se­bis Se­fa­
se­bas.
kiTx­ve­bi msje­lo­bi­saT­vis:
1.ri­Tia el-de­mok­ra­tia sa­sar­geb­lo qa­le­bi­saT­vis?
2.Se­saZ­le­be­lia Tu ara el-de­mok­ra­ti­is miR­we­va Cvens kon­k­re­tul pi­ro­beb­Si?
3.ra aris sa­Wi­ro el-de­mok­ra­ti­is mi­saR­we­vad?
4.ra­tom un­da gan­vi­xi­loT el-mTav­ro­bis Te­ma?
me­To­di­ka:
• in­te­raq­ti­u­li leq­ci­e­bi
• dis­ku­sia
• imi­ta­cia
44
45
46
mo­du­li IV
erov­nu­li stra­te­gia da sa­moq­me­do geg­ma
sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­eb­ze
yy Si­na­ar­si da amo­ca­ne­bi
mra­va­li qveya­na cdi­lobs Se­i­mu­Sa­vos erov­nu­li stra­te­gia da sa­moq­me­do geg­ma imi­saT­vis, rom
mo­em­za­don in­for­ma­ci­ul sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba­Si Se­sas­v­le­lad. in­dus­t­ri­u­lad gan­vi­Ta­re­bu­li qvey­ne­bi Se­
vid­nen am pro­ce­sis me­o­re fa­za­Si da ga­mo­i­ye­ne­ba xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­bis far­To­zo­lo­va­ni sa­Su­a­le­be­bi.
mra­val­ma gan­vi­Ta­re­bad­ma qve­ya­nam, maT So­ris, yve­la­ze nak­leb gan­vi­Ta­re­bul­mac (Least Developed Co­
un­t­ri­es (LDCs) mo­ax­di­na Ta­vi­an­Ti stra­te­gi­i­sa da sa­moq­me­do geg­mis for­mu­li­re­ba, Tum­ca, zo­gi­er­Ti
maT­ga­ni gar­k­ve­ul sir­Tu­lis wi­na­Se aR­moC­n­da re­a­li­za­ci­is Tval­saz­ri­siT.
stra­te­gia da sa­moq­me­do geg­ma iq­m­ne­ba mTav­ro­ba­sa da sa­mo­qa­la­qo sa­zo­ga­do­e­bas So­ris far­To
di­a­lo­gis far­g­leb­Si. am­g­va­ri di­a­lo­giT Se­saZ­le­be­lia erov­nu­li kon­se­su­sis miR­we­va sa­zo­ga­do­
e­bis wi­na­Se mdga­ri sa­Wi­ro­e­beb­sa da amo­ca­neb­Tan da­kav­Si­re­biT, ase­ve, Sem­d­gom qme­de­beb­Tan da­kav­
Si­re­bu­li mTe­li ri­gi pri­o­ri­te­te­bis gan­sazR­v­ra. stra­te­gi­isa da erov­nu­li geg­mis Se­mu­Sa­ve­ba
Ta­vi­dan ag­va­ci­lebs wi­na­aR­m­de­gob­riv ini­ci­a­ti­vebs da ga­a­aq­ti­u­rebs mo­na­wi­l­e­ebs, rom­le­bic dag­
vex­ma­re­bi­an uke­Te­sad gan­v­sazR­v­roT amo­ca­ne­bi da mo­vax­di­noT sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis mo­bi­li­ze­ba. sa­qar­T­ve­lo 1992 wels gaxda sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so ­te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­ciis kavSiris wevri (ITU). es or­ga­ni­
za­cia Seq­m­ni­lia sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so do­ne­ze stan­dar­ti­za­ci­is, ra­dio-ko­or­di­na­ci­is, gan­vi­Ta­re­bi­s sxva
sa­te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio sa­kiTxe­bis gan­sa­xil­ve­lad da sa­er­To ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­be­bis mi­sa­Re­bad. igi war­
mo­ad­gens ga­e­ros sis­te­mis wevr or­ga­ni­za­ci­as da koordinacias uwevs ro­gorc sa­xel­m­wi­fo, ase­ve
ker­Zo seq­to­ris sa­te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio qse­le­bi­sa glo­ba­lur mom­sa­xu­re­bas. am­Ja­mad, or­ga­ni­za­ci­a­Si
sa­qar­T­ve­los xe­li­suf­le­bas war­mo­ad­gens sa­qar­T­ve­los eko­no­mi­ku­ri gan­vi­Ta­re­bis sa­mi­nis­t­ro.48
2004-2009 wle­bi­saT­vis sa­qar­T­ve­los eko­no­mi­kis erT-erT pri­o­ri­te­tul seq­to­rad te­le­ko­
mu­ni­ka­ci­e­bi iq­na aRi­a­re­bu­li. aqe­dan ga­mom­di­na­re dad­ga imis auci­leb­lo­ba, rom Se­mu­Sa­ve­bu­li­yo
sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis gan­vi­Ta­re­bis erov­nu­li stra­te­gia.49
pir­ve­li na­bi­ji, ro­me­lic am mi­mar­Tu­le­biT ga­da­id­ga, iyo sa­qar­T­ve­los mTav­ro­bi­sa da msof­lio
ban­kis dak­ve­TiT Seq­m­ni­li ,,sa­qar­T­ve­lo­Si sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis gan­vi­Ta­re­
bis Car­Co-prog­ra­ma”50, ro­me­lic ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­e­bis erov­nu­li ko­mi­si­is, in­for­ma­ti­za­ci­is sa­xel­m­wi­fo
de­par­ta­men­ti­sa da ga­e­ros gan­vi­Ta­re­bis prog­ra­mis (UNDP) sa­qar­T­ve­los war­mo­mad­gen­lo­be­bis mi­
er mom­zad­da. am do­ku­men­tis mi­za­ni iyo Seq­m­ni­li­yo kon­cef­cia, ro­me­lic da­ex­ma­re­bo­da mTav­ro­bas
ga­ne­sazR­v­ra qve­ya­na­Si sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis gan­vi­Ta­re­bis stra­te­gia da
taq­ti­ka.
sa­ka­non­m­deb­lo ba­zis for­mi­re­bis sa­kiTxi erT-er­Ti mniS­v­ne­lo­va­ni eta­pia da war­mo­ud­ge­ne­lia
qve­ya­na­Si ICT- is gan­vi­Ta­re­ba mya­ri sa­ka­non­m­deb­lo ba­zis ga­re­Se.
sa­qar­T­ve­lo­Si sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis gan­vi­Ta­re­bis Car­Co-prog­ra­ma­Si
war­mod­ge­ni­lia ICT-is gan­vi­Ta­re­bis msof­lio xed­va da sa­mo­mav­lo ten­den­ci­e­bi. te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­
e­bis seq­to­ri aris qvey­nis eko­no­mi­kis erT-er­Ti Zi­ri­Ta­di seg­men­ti, ro­me­lic pir­da­pir gav­le­nas
ax­dens mak­ro­e­ko­no­mi­kur gan­vi­Ta­re­bis per­s­peq­ti­va­ze.
me­oTxe mo­dul­Si ga­ni­xi­le­ba ICT- is sa­moq­me­do geg­mi­sa da stra­te­gi­is ti­pu­ri kom­po­nen­te­bi, sa­
moq­me­do geg­mis stra­te­gi­i­sa da re­a­li­za­ci­is for­mu­ri­le­bi­s Sefaseba.
sa­mu­Sao dro­is ra­o­de­no­ba: 2 sa­a­Ti
dam­x­ma­re ma­sa­la:
saqarTvelos komunikaciebis erovnuli komisiis wliuri angariSi 2009 weli.
www.gncc.ge/files/3100_2949_381102_Annual%20report%202009.pdf
49
http://un.mfa.gov.ge
50
saqarvelos sainformacio da sakomunikacio teqnologiebis ganviTarebis CarCo - programa. /dokumenti
moamzada da gamosca gaeros ganviTarebis programis proqtma UNDP/GEO/00031399 - “saqarTveloSi sainformacio da sakomunikacio teqnologiebis ganviTarebis CarCo-programis SemuSaveba”/-/k. demetraSvili[da sxva],–
Tb.,2004
48
47
yy am­Ja­mad ar­se­bu­li in­f­ras­t­ruq­tu­ra
sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio in­f­ras­t­ruq­tu­ra aris te­ri­to­ri­u­lad ga­na­wi­le­buli sa­xel­m­wi­fo
da ker­Zo sa­in­for­ma­cio sis­te­me­bis, sa­te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio qse­le­bis, maT So­ris, kav­Sir­gab­mu­lo­bis
xa­ze­bis, mo­na­cem­Ta ga­da­ce­mis qse­le­bi­sa da ar­xe­bis, sa­in­for­ma­cio na­ka­de­bis ko­mu­ta­ci­i­sa51 da mar­
T­vis sa­Su­a­le­be­bis, ag­reT­ve, or­ga­ni­za­ci­u­li struq­tu­re­bisa da sa­mar­T­leb­riv-nor­ma­ti­u­li ad­mi­
nis­t­ra­ci­u­li me­qa­niz­me­bis er­Tob­li­o­ba, ro­me­lic uz­run­vel­yofs sa­in­for­ma­cio pro­duq­te­bi­sa da
mom­sa­xu­re­­bis in­dus­t­ri­as da efeq­tur ga­mo­ye­ne­bas.52
sa­qar­T­ve­lo­Si ar­se­bobs kar­gad gan­vi­Ta­re­bu­li ra­dio da sa­te­le­vi­zio qse­li. qve­ya­na­Si mok­
le­tal­Ro­va­ni ra­di­o­sad­gu­re­bis ricx­vi 145-ze53 me­tia da mo­i­cavs mTe­li qvey­nis te­ri­to­ri­as.
amas­Tan, ri­gi kom­pa­ni­e­bi ma­uwyeb­lo­bas axor­ci­e­le­ben ori da sa­mi prog­ra­miT. ma­ga­li­Tad, Tbi­lis­
Si, ba­Tum­Si, qu­Ta­is­Si sxva­das­x­va prog­ra­ma­ze fun­q­ci­o­ni­rebs er­Ti­ da ­i­ma­ve kom­pa­ni­is ram­de­ni­me
ra­di­o­sad­gu­ri. sa­qar­T­ve­lo­Si 39 ra­dio da 35 te­le­vi­ziaa54. aqe­dan Tbi­lis­Si 1 sa­xel­m­wi­fo sa­zo­
ga­do­eb­ri­vi te­le­vi­zia da 8 ker­Zo te­le­kom­pa­niaa; sa­xel­m­wi­fo sa­kuT­re­ba­Sia sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi ma­
uwyeb­lis 2 qse­li; fun­q­ci­o­ni­rebs aTo­biT sa­ka­be­lo te­le­vi­zia da ram­de­ni­me msxvi­li ko­mer­ci­u­li
sa­te­le­vi­zio sad­gu­ri; sa­xel­m­wi­fo sa­kuT­re­ba­Sia 2 sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi ra­dio; ase­ve fun­q­ci­o­ni­rebs
ram­de­ni­me aTe­u­li ker­Zo sa­ma­uwyeb­lo sad­gu­ric.55
wle­bis gan­mav­lo­ba­Si sa­qar­T­ve­los ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­e­bis erov­nu­li ko­mi­sia mu­Sa­ob­da ram­de­ni­me mniS­
v­ne­lo­van da stra­te­gi­ul sa­kiTx­ze, erT-er­Ti maT­ga­ni cif­ru­li ma­uwyeb­lo­baa.
2005 wels ITU-s wi­nas­wa­ri ga­na­wi­le­bis Se­de­gad, sa­qar­T­ve­los er­go sul 72 cif­ru­li ar­xi. 2007
wels me­zo­bel qvey­neb­Tan war­mo­e­bu­li mo­la­pa­ra­ke­be­bi­sa da Se­sa­ba­mi­si xel­Sek­ru­le­be­bis xel­mo­we­
ris Se­de­gad, mox­da aR­niS­nu­li ar­xe­bis 72–dan 175–mde gaz­r­da da 2006 wlis no­em­b­ris Tve­Si ma­Ti
sa­bo­loo dam­t­ki­ce­ba. 2006 wels ase­ve ITU-s mi­er, ra­di­o­kav­Si­ris re­gi­o­na­lur kon­fe­ren­ci­a­ze (RRC
06) Se­mu­Sa­ve­bul iq­na pir­ve­li da me­sa­me re­gi­o­ne­bi­saT­vis 174–230 mghc da 470–862 mghc six­Si­rul
di­a­pa­zo­neb­Si mi­wis­ze­da cif­ru­li ma­uwyeb­lo­bis geg­ma Geneva 06, ro­me­lic miz­nad isa­xav­da ra­di­o­
six­Si­ru­li speq­t­ris efeq­tur ga­mo­ye­ne­bas, ro­gorc na­ci­o­na­lur, ase­ve sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so do­ne­ze. ama­ve
geg­mis mi­xed­viT sa­qar­T­ve­los­T­vis da­geg­ma­rda 175 cif­ru­li ar­xi, rom­le­bic ga­na­wil­da qvey­nis
te­ri­to­ri­a­ze 10 sa­ma­uwyeb­lo zo­na­Si. 56
yy in­ter­ne­tis gan­vi­Ta­re­ba
in­ter­ne­tis gan­vi­Ta­re­bis pir­ve­li eta­pi sa­qar­T­ve­lo­Si 90-iani wle­bis da­sawyis­Si da­iwyo. sa­a­bo­
nen­to ga­da­sa­xa­di Tve­Si 300 aSS do­lars, xo­lo in­ter­ne­tis er­Ti sa­a­TiT mox­ma­re­bis sa­fa­su­ri - 3
do­lars Se­ad­gen­da. mog­vi­a­ne­biT, ,,sa­ne­ti­sa” da ,,kav­ka­sus neT­vor­qis” Se­mos­v­li­sa da kon­ku­ren­ci­is
Se­de­gad fa­seb­ma ik­lo. sa­a­bo­nen­to ga­da­sa­xa­di 20 aSS do­la­ri, sar­geb­lo­ba ki sa­aT­Si - 2 do­la­ri
gax­da. pro­va­i­de­re­bi Ta­nam­g­zav­rul da sa­ka­be­lo SeR­we­vas iye­neb­d­nen. ga­da­ce­mis siC­qa­re pir­da­pir
ar­x­Si Se­ad­gen­da 64 kbt/wm far­g­leb­Si, rac dRe­van­de­li ga­da­sa­xe­di­dan mwi­ri maC­ve­ne­be­lia.
Sem­deg etap­ze qve­ya­na­Si op­ti­kur-boW­ko­va­ni sa­ka­be­lo ma­gis­t­ra­le­bis qse­li gaC­n­da: 2003 wlis
ag­vis­to­dan Tbi­lis­Si abo­nen­te­bi­saT­vis da­iwyo ADSL teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis Car­T­va. am etap­ze mom­x­ma­
reb­lebs am teq­no­lo­gi­as 10-ze me­ti in­ter­net-pro­va­i­de­ri sTa­va­zobs: www.on­li­ne.ge, www.te­le­net.
ge, www.sa­net.ge, www.ca­u­ca­sus.net, www.ge­o­net.ge, www.ser­vi­ce­net.ge, www.eg­ri­si.ge da sxva. in­ter­ne­tis
mom­sa­xu­re­bis fa­se­bi Sem­cir­da, siC­qa­re ki Se­da­re­biT ga­i­zar­da. im dros pro­va­i­de­re­bis57 80% ma­inc
komutacia - eleqtrodenis mimarTulebis Secvla, cvladi denis gardaqmna mudmiv denad specialuri aparatis
saSualebiT. www.nplg.gov.ge/gwdict/index.php?a=term&d=3&t=20145
52
saqarTvelos informatizaciis saxelmwifo koncefcia.
www.cegstar.ge/files/46_15_372943_informatizaciiskoncefci.pdf
53
saqarTvelos komunikaciebis erovnuli komisia; ,,saqarTvelos radio cifrebsa da faqtebSi”;
www.gncc.ge/index.php?lang_id=GEO&sec_id=50350&info_id=6062
51
48
ix. www.media.ge
ix. www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gg.html
54
55
saqarTvelos komunikaciebis erovnuli komisiis wliuri angariSi 2009 weli.
www.gncc.ge/files/3100_2949_381102_Annual%20report%202009.pdf
57
��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
provaideri (organizacia,
��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
romelic uwevs momsaxurebas internetTan da internetTan dakavSirebul sxva momsaxurebas)
56
Ta­nam­g­zav­rul ar­xebs iye­neb­da.
2007 wels sa­qar­T­ve­lo­Si in­ter­ne­tiT mo­sax­le­o­bis 17,7% sar­geb­lob­da da mom­x­ma­reb­le­bi Zi­ri­
Ta­dad iy­v­nen 25-34 wlam­de asa­kis ada­mi­a­ne­bi. 45-54 wlis asa­kob­riv jguf­Si in­ter­nets mxo­lod
11,4% mo­ix­mar­da, 55-64 wlis jguf­Si ki 6,4%.58 ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­e­bis erov­nu­li ko­mi­si­is mo­na­ce­me­biT59,
2008 wlis bo­los sa­qar­T­ve­lo­Si in­ter­net-mom­x­ma­reb­le­bis ra­o­de­no­ba da­ax­lo­e­biT 115 aTass Se­
ad­gen­da. rac Se­e­xe­ba in­ter­net-pro­va­i­de­re­bis wils: ”kav­ka­sus-on­la­ins” 57% eka­va, ,,ga­er­Ti­a­ne­bul
te­le­koms”-33%, ”axa­li qse­le­bi­sa” da ”ax­te­lis” er­Tob­li­vi wi­li 6,5%-s iyo, ”ser­vis ne­tis”-0,5%-,
sxva da­nar­Ce­ni ope­ra­to­re­bis ki - 3%-i”60.
in­ter­net­wor­l­d­s­tats.com-is61 mi­er ga­moq­vey­ne­bu­li sta­ti­si­kis mi­xed­viT sa­qar­T­ve­lo­Si in­ter­ne­tis
mom­x­ma­re­bel­Ta ricx­vi bo­lo wleb­Si sag­r­Z­nob­lad iz­r­de­ba. maT aqvT Se­da­re­bu­li 2000 wli­sa da
2010 wlis mo­na­ce­me­bi62, ro­mel­Ta Se­de­ge­bic ase­Tia:
saqarTveloSi internetis momxmarebelTa ricxvi
weli
momxmarebeli
mosaxleoba
%
2000
20,000
4,389,004
0,5%
2006
332,000
4,389,004
7,6%
2009
1,034,000
4,615,807
22,2%
2010
1,300,000
4,600,825
28,3%
sam­wu­xa­rod dRe­i­saT­vis zus­ti mo­na­ce­me­bi imi­sa Tu ram­de­ni mom­x­ma­re­be­li hyavs qar­Tul in­ter­
nets ar ar­se­bobs. es faq­ti gan­pi­ro­be­bu­lia imi­Tac, rom abo­nen­ti, ro­mel­sac in­ter­ne­ti ga­yavs,
xde­ba am in­ter­ne­tis gam­na­wi­le­be­li. anu xSi­rad re­gis­t­rir­de­ba er­Ti abo­nen­ti, si­nam­d­vi­le­Si ki
mom­x­ma­re­be­li ram­de­ni­me pi­ria.
qve­moT moy­va­ni­l cxril­Si Se­da­re­bu­lia sa­qar­T­ve­los, azer­ba­i­ja­ni­sa da som­xe­Tis in­ter­net-mom­
xma­re­bel­Ta ra­o­de­no­bis zrdis ten­den­cia: (cxri­li efuZ­ne­ba Internetworldstats-s mo­na­ce­mebs).
momxmarebelTa raodenobis zrdis tendencia:
amierkavkasiis qveynebSi internetis momxmarebelTa
zrdis maCvenebeli
2009
weli
internetis
momxmareblebi
(2000 weli)
internetis
momxmareblebi
(2009 weli)
internetiT
sargeblobs
mTeli
mosaxleobis
2000-2009
wlebis zrdis
% maCvenebeli
saqarTvelo
4,615,807
20,000
1,024,000
22.2 %
5,020.0 %
somxeTi
2,967,004
30,000
191,000
6.4 %
536.7 %
azerbaijani
8,238,672
12,000
1,485,100
18.0 %
12,275.8 %
qveyana
gamokiTxva Caatara „biznes konsaltingis jgufma“, gazeTi „basta“, 24-30 dekembri „saqarTveloSi yoveli me-6
internetis momxmarebelia“
59
ix. saqarTvelos komunikaciebis erovnuli komisia; wliuri angariSi; 2009 weli; gv. 33
www.gncc.ge/files/3100_2949_381102_Annual%20report%202009.pdf
60
naTia axalaSvili, ,,internet–omi”; 13 ianvari, 2010 eleqtronuli versia ix:
www.liberali.ge/node/1083?page=2
61
www.internetworldstats.com/asia/ge.htm
62
www.internetworldstats.com/asia/ge.htm
58
49
yy ICT-is ga­mo­ye­ne­bis ten­den­cia
sa­qar­T­ve­lo­Si in­ter­ne­tis ga­mo­ye­ne­ba da­ba­lia. in­ter­ne­ti xel­mi­saw­v­do­mia zo­gi­erT bib­li­o­Te­ka­
sa da in­ter­net-ka­fe­Si. in­ter­net-ka­fe­Si mi­sa­Re­bi fa­se­bia, mag­ram isi­ni, Zi­ri­Ta­dad did qa­la­qeb­Si
mde­ba­re­o­ben da mxo­lod ram­de­ni­me ak­ma­yo­fi­lebs mo­sax­le­o­bis moTxov­ni­le­bas. in­ter­net-ka­fe­e­bis
ume­te­so­bad sa­mi­dan aTam­de kom­pi­u­te­ri aqvs da msur­ve­lebs xSi­rad uwevT rig­Si lo­di­ni. bevri
res­to­ra­ni, ka­fe, ba­ri, ko­no, ­Te­at­ri da Tav­Sey­ris sxva ad­gi­li mom­x­ma­re­bels uka­be­lo in­ter­nets
sTa­va­zobs, mag­ram lep­to­pi an mo­bi­lu­ri te­le­fo­ni yve­las ar aqvs. mo­bi­lu­ri kav­Sir­gab­mu­lo­bis
kom­pa­ni­e­bi Ta­vi­anT mom­x­ma­reb­lebs in­ter­ne­tis av­to­ma­tu­ri ser­vi­siT ar uz­run­vel­yo­fen. am fun­q­
ci­is ga­sa­aq­ti­u­reb­lad da­ma­te­bi­Ti Tan­xis ga­dax­daa sa­Wi­ro. mo­sax­le­o­bis ume­te­so­bi­sa da mci­re biz­ne­si­saT­vis in­ter­ne­ti xel­mi­saw­v­do­mi ar aris fi­nan­su­
ri Tval­saz­ri­siT. Cve­u­leb­riv, saq­mi­a­ni kon­taq­te­bis dam­ya­re­ba da Se­nar­Cu­ne­ba xde­ba pi­rov­nul
do­ne­ze, xo­lo eleq­t­ro­nu­li fos­ta ga­mo­i­ye­ne­ba ucxo­el par­t­ni­o­reb­Tan da­sa­kav­Si­reb­lad, ram­de­
na­dac sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so sa­te­le­fo­no sa­ub­re­bis­T­vis ta­ri­fe­bi ma­Ra­lia. sam­Tav­ro­bo struq­tu­reb­sa
da biz­nes struq­tu­reb­Si sa­bu­Ral­t­ro ope­ra­ci­e­bis 90% xor­ci­el­de­ba kom­pi­u­te­re­bis meS­ve­o­biT,
na­wi­lob­riv imi­tom, rom ,,fi­nan­se­bi” er­Ta­der­Ti sap­rog­ra­mo pa­ke­tia qar­Tul ena­ze. sam­Tav­ro­bo
sam­sa­xu­re­bis ume­te­so­ba da msxvi­li biz­ne­si aR­Wur­vi­lia kom­pi­u­te­re­biT. uni­ver­si­te­teb­Si kom­pi­u­
te­reb­Tan sru­lad xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­ba, Cve­u­leb­riv, ne­ba­dar­Tu­lia mxo­lod per­so­na­li­saT­vis, xo­lo
kom­pi­u­te­ru­li swav­le­ba da tre­nin­ge­bis Ca­ta­re­ba mxo­lod ax­la­xan da­iwyo. ami­tom mas­wav­le­bel­
Ta kompiuteruli programebis cod­na sawyis do­ne­zea. sa­qar­T­ve­los sa­xel­m­wi­fo uni­ver­si­tet­Si
da Tbi­li­sis teq­ni­kur uni­ver­si­tet­Si tar­de­ba kom­pi­u­te­ru­li prog­ra­mi­re­bi­sa da sa­in­for­ma­cio
teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis kur­se­bi. ram­de­ni­me ker­Zo sko­la­Si do­no­re­bi­sa da ko­mer­ci­u­li or­ga­ni­za­ci­e­bis
mxar­da­We­riT, ase­ve, mim­di­na­re­obs kom­pi­u­te­ru­li swav­le­ba da tre­nin­ge­bi. ar­se­bobs or­ga­ni­za­ci­e­
bi, ro­mel­Ta um­rav­le­so­ba gan­Tav­se­bu­lia qvey­nis de­da­qa­laq­Si, Tbi­lis­Si, rom­le­bic spe­ci­a­li­zi­
re­bu­lia kom­pi­u­te­ru­li mom­sa­xu­re­bis, swav­le­bi­sa da tre­nin­ge­bis mi­wo­de­ba­ze.
2009 wels, fri­dom ha­us­ma63 17 qve­ya­na­Si ar­se­bu­li vi­Ta­re­ba Se­is­wav­la da in­ter­ne­ti­sa da cif­
ru­li me­di­is xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­bis da­mab­r­ko­le­be­li ga­re­mo­e­be­bi ga­mo­av­li­na. am ga­re­mo­e­bebs So­ris
pir­vel rig­Si, in­ter­ne­ti­sa da mo­bi­lu­ri te­le­fo­nis mom­x­ma­re­bel­TaT­vis ser­vi­sis ma­Ra­li fa­si,
da mi­wis­ze­da sa­te­le­fo­no in­f­ras­t­ruq­tu­ra da­a­sa­xe­la, ro­me­lic gan­sa­kuT­re­biT da­mab­r­ko­le­be­li
sof­lis mo­sax­le­o­bi­sa da nak­le­bad­SeZ­le­bu­li oja­xe­bis­T­vi­saa. mo­bi­lu­ri sa­te­le­fo­no ser­vi­si,
sof­le­bis CaT­v­liT, mTe­li qvey­nis mas­S­ta­biT xel­mi­saw­v­do­mia. izrdeba im mom­x­ma­re­bel­Ta ra­o­de­
no­bac, rom­le­bic mo­bi­lurs in­ter­net­Tan da­sa­kav­Si­reb­lad iye­ne­ben, Tum­ca es maC­ve­ne­be­li ma­Ra­li
ta­ri­fe­bis ga­mo li­mi­ti­re­bu­lia. 2007 wlis ian­var­Si mo­bi­lu­ri in­ter­ne­tis mom­x­ma­re­bel­Ta ra­o­
de­no­ba 5500 aR­wev­da. isi­ni er­Ti­da imave ser­vis pro­va­i­de­ris mom­sa­xu­re­biT sar­geb­lob­d­nen. 2008
wlis oq­to­m­ber­Si mo­bi­lu­ri in­ter­ne­tis mom­x­ma­re­bel­Ta ra­o­de­no­ba 56000-mde ga­i­zar­da, in­ter­
net-pro­va­i­der­Ta ki – oram­de.
msof­lio ban­kis mo­na­ce­me­biT 2000 wels in­ter­ne­tis mom­x­ma­re­bel­Ta
ra­o­de­no­ba qvey­nis mas­S­ta­biT 0.5% ar aRe­ma­te­bo­da.
internetis moxmarebis maCvenebeli
60%
50
38%
40%
52%
40%
20%
0%
2008 weli
2009 weli
2010 weli
„fridom hausis“ angariSi „Tavisufleba qselSi: internetisa da cifruli mediis globaluri Sefaseba“
63
2010 wlis de­kem­b­ris mo­na­ce­me­biT, Tbi­lis­Si, qu­Ta­is­sa da ba­Tum­Si uk­ve mo­sax­le­o­bis 50%-ze me­
ti iye­nebs in­ter­nets. Se­da­re­biT mci­rea mom­x­ma­re­bel­Ta ra­o­de­no­ba sa­qar­T­ve­los sxva qa­la­qeb­Si.
in­ter­ne­tis mox­ma­re­ba qa­la­qe­bis mi­xed­viT
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
55%
Tbilisi
53%
51%
baTumi
40%
sxva qalaqebi
quTaisi
sa­in­te­re­soa, rom in­ter­ne­tis mom­x­ma­re­bel­Ta ricx­v­Tan er­Tad ga­i­zar­da mox­ma­re­bis six­Si­rec.
sa­va­ra­u­dod, amis mi­ze­zi gax­da is, rom kom­pi­u­te­ris gar­da, in­ter­ne­tis mox­ma­re­ba da­iwyes te­le­fo­
niT, iPad-iT, xolo uka­be­lo in­ter­ne­tiT sar­geb­lo­ba uk­ve sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi Tav­Sey­ris ad­gi­leb­sa
da ka­fe­eb­Si gax­da Se­saZ­le­be­li.
ra six­Si­riT sar­geb­lobT in­ter­ne­tiT?64
TveSi erTxel an ufro iSviaTad
TveSi 2-3-jer
kviraSi erTxel
2%
5%
6%
kviraSi 2-3-jer
yoveldRe
14%
74%
yy ICT-is gavrcelebis maC­ve­ne­be­li
ga­e­ros kvle­vis - `eleq­t­ro­nu­li mmar­T­ve­lo­bis ber­ke­te­bi eko­no­mi­kis kri­zi­sis dros” - Zi­ri­
Ta­di ja­mu­ri qu­le­bis mi­xed­viT, sa­qar­T­ve­los mi­ni­We­bu­li aqvs sak­ma­od da­ba­li (1.00 maq­si­ma­lu­ri
qu­li­dan), 0.42, som­xeTs - 0.40, azer­ba­i­jans - 0.45 qu­la65.
Se­sa­ba­mi­sad, sa­qar­T­ve­lo 184 qvey­ni­dan ar­c­Tu ise sa­xar­bi­e­lo me-100 ad­gil­zea, azer­ba­i­ja­ni –
83-e, som­xe­Ti – 110-e. mo­wi­na­ve 35 qvey­nis, uda­vo, li­de­re­bi ari­an aSS, ka­na­da, ko­rea, ga­er­Ti­a­ne­bu­li
sa­me­fo da skan­di­na­vi­is qvey­ne­bi.
ga­e­ros eko­no­mi­kur da so­ci­a­lur saq­me­Ta de­par­ta­men­tis mi­er eleq­t­ro­nu­li mTav­ro­bis gan­vi­
Ta­re­bis do­nis gan­sa­sazR­v­rad, kvle­va 2005 da 2008 wleb­Sic Ca­tar­da. 2005 wels sa­qar­T­ve­lo 83-e
ad­gil­ze iyo, 2008 wels 90-ze. 2010 wels ki aTi sa­fe­xu­riT ukan da­i­wia.
sa­qar­T­ve­lo­Si ar­se­bu­li mZi­me so­ci­al-eko­no­mi­ku­ri vi­Ta­re­ba uSu­a­lo ze­gav­le­nas ax­dens in­
f­ras­t­ruq­tu­ris SezRud­va­ze. yo­vel 100 ada­mi­an­ze in­ter­ne­tis mom­x­ma­re­bel­Ta ra­o­de­no­biT sa­
qar­T­ve­lo, ise, ro­gorc azer­ba­i­ja­ni da som­xe­Ti, im­yo­fe­ba Zal­ze Ca­mor­Ce­nil qve­ya­na­Ta So­ris.
sa­qar­T­ve­lo­Si yo­vel 100 ada­mi­an­ze mo­dis mxo­lod 8.26 in­ter­net mom­x­ma­re­be­li, som­xeT­Si - 5.63,
azer­ba­i­jan­Si – 10.74; ho­lan­di­a­Si yo­vel 100 ada­mi­an­ze 86 in­ter­net-mom­x­ma­re­be­lia, da­ni­a­Si 84,
statistikuri informacia aRebulia yovelkvireuli el-gamocemidan (#89) ACT – marketinguli kvlevebisa da
konsultaciis mowinave kompania; rubrika: media da komunikaciebi; ,,internetiT sargebloba”; /www.act.ge/index.
php?lang_id=GEO&sec_id=296&info_id=535
65
gaeros kvleva ,,eleqtronuli mmarTvelobis berketebi ekonomikis krizisis dros”; 2010 weli; http://unpan1.
un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan038851.pdf
64
51
eleqtronuli mTavrobis ganviTareba dasavleT aziaSi
eleqtronuli mTavrobis
ganviTarebis indeqsi
qveyana
52
msoflioSi eleqtronuli
mTavrobis ganviTarebis indeqsi
2010
2008
2010
2008
bahreini
0.7363
0.5723
13
42
israeli
0.6552
0.7393
26
17
kipri
0.5705
0.6019
42
35
arabeTis gaerTianebuli
saamiro
0,5349
0,6301
49
32
quveiti
0.5290
0.5202
50
57
iordania
0.5278
0.5480
51
50
saudis arabeTi
0.5142
0.4935
58
70
katari
0.4928
0.5314
62
53
TurqeTi
0.4780
0.4834
69
76
omani
0.4576
0.4691
82
84
azerbaijani
0.4571
0.4609
83
89
libani
0.4388
0.4840
93
74
saqarTvelo
0.4248
0.4598
100
90
somxeTi
0.4025
0.4182
110
103
siria
0.3103
0.3614
133
119
erayi
0.2996
0.2690
136
151
iemeni
0.2154
0.2142
164
164
regionTaSorisi saSualo
maCvenebeli
0.4732
0.4857
msoflio maCvenebeli
0.4406
0.4514
Sve­i­ca­ri­a­Si 79, nor­ve­gi­a­Si – 84. ar­se­bu­li dis­pa­ri­te­ti66 praq­ti­ku­lad, xa­ris­xob­ri­vad igi­vea rac
per­so­na­lu­ri kom­pi­u­te­re­bis, Zi­ri­Ta­di sa­te­le­fo­no xa­ze­bis, mo­bi­lu­ri te­le­fo­ne­bis mom­x­ma­re­
bel­Ta ra­o­de­no­bis Se­fa­se­bi­sas.
qve­ya­na­Si ar­se­bu­li ada­mi­a­nu­ri re­sur­sis po­ten­ci­a­lis in­deq­sis mi­xed­viT sa­qar­T­ve­los, azer­ba­
i­ja­ni­sa da som­xe­Tis maC­ve­ne­be­li Se­ad­gens 0.91 qu­las. ama­ve dros, eleq­t­ro­nul mmar­T­ve­lo­ba­Si
sa­qar­T­ve­los mo­qa­la­qe­e­bis mo­na­wi­le­o­bis mxriv, Zal­ze sazogadoebas sus­ti po­zi­ci­e­bi aqvs . 157
ad­gi­li­dan sa­qar­T­ve­lo 127 ad­gil­zea, som­xe­Ti 135-e, azer­ba­i­ja­ni ki 68-e ad­gil­ze.
dispariteti – finansur, ekonomikur urTierTobebSi Tanabari sargeblis, eqvivalentobis principis darRveva,
uTanasworoba. samsaxurSi warmatebis misaRwevad Sida konkurenciis procesSi araTanabari sastarto poziciebi.
66
onlain momsaxureba da misi Semadgeneli komponentebi
reitingi
qveyana
Sefasebis
indeqsi
sainformacio
momsaxurebis
ganviTarebis qula
sainformacio
momsaxurebis zrdis
qula
100
saqarTvelo
0.476
 45
 17
121
somxeTi
0.1746
 38
 10
69
azerbaijani
0.3238
 47
 36
onlain momsaxureba da misi Semadgeneli komponentebi
reitingi
qveyana
Sefasebis
indeqsi
onlain
momsaxurebis
komponenti
satelekomunikacio
infrastruqturis
komponenti
adamianuri
kapitalis
komponenti
100
110
83
saqarTvelo
somxeTi
azerbaijani
0.4248
0.4025
0.4571
0.0842
0.0594
0.1101
0.0384
0.0422
0.0439
0.3022
0.3009
0.3031
monawileobis indeqsi
adamianuri kapitalis indeqsi
reitingi
qveyana
Sefasebis
indeqsi
reitingi
qveyana
Sefasebis
indeqsi
52
saqarTvelo
0.9156
127
saqarTvelo
0.0571
57
somxeTi
0.9117
135
somxeTi
0.0429
50
azerbaijani
0.9185
68
azerbaijani
0.1714
,,das­k­v­nis sa­xiT Se­iZ­le­ba iT­q­vas, rom sa­qar­T­ve­lo, in­for­ma­ti­za­ci­i­sa da eleq­t­ro­nu­li mmar­
T­ve­lo­bis mxriv, im­yo­fe­ba gan­vi­Ta­re­bis da­bal sa­fe­xur­ze. Cvens qve­ya­nas Zli­e­ri po­zi­ci­e­bi ga­aC­
nia ada­mi­a­nu­ri re­sur­sis mxriv, mag­ram se­ri­o­zu­li xar­ve­ze­bis wi­na­Se dgas uax­le­si teq­no­lo­gi­e­
bis da­ner­g­vis, ga­mo­ye­ne­bis, mo­qa­la­qe­Ta mom­sa­xu­re­bi­sa da ma­Ti mmar­T­ve­lo­bi­Ti pro­ces­Si Car­T­vis
mxriv”.67
mTavrobis ganviTarebis indeqsi
reitingi
qveyana
Sefasebis
indeqsi
onlain
momsaxurebis
komponenti
satelekomunikacio
infrastruqturis
komponenti
adamianuri
kapitalis
komponenti
100
saqarTvelo
0.4248
0.0842
0.0384
0.3022
110
somxeTi
0.4025
0.0594
0.0422
0.3009
83
azerbaijani
0.4571
0.1101
0.0439
0.3031
qeTevan rostiaSvili: ,,eleqtronuli mmarTveloba saqarTveloSi: msoflio tendenciebi”;
http://www.idfi.ge/?cat=researches&topic=35&lang=ka
67
53
yy ad­re ar­se­bu­li da am­Ja­min­de­li ICT stra­te­gia
da cod­nis ga­da­ce­mis Se­saZ­leb­lo­be­bi
ar­se­bobs ori Zi­ri­Ta­di Se­niS­v­na aR­niS­nul sa­kiTx­Tan da­kav­Si­re­biT:
pir­vel rig­Si, qal­Ta or­ga­ni­za­ci­e­bi­sa da stra­te­gi­ul sa­kiTxeb­ze mo­mu­Sa­ve or­ga­ni­za­ci­e­bis mi­er
Sed­ge­ni­li mi­mo­xil­ve­bi mow­mo­ben, rom ar­se­bobs uam­ra­vi dab­r­ko­le­ba yve­la sfe­ro­Si, sa­xel­dobr:
erov­nu­li qse­li­sa da Si­da or­ga­ni­za­ci­u­li Ta­nam­S­rom­lo­bis arar­se­bo­ba ICT- is in­f­ras­t­ruq­tu­ris
Se­saq­m­ne­lad, per­so­na­lis mi­er ucxo ena­Ta sus­tad flo­ba, kom­pi­u­te­re­bis sim­ci­re, moZ­ve­le­bu­li
sa­te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bi da po­li­ti­ku­ri ne­bis arar­se­bo­ba.
me­o­re rig­Si, yve­la or­ga­ni­za­ci­is az­riT, erov­nu­li qse­lis arar­se­bo­ba, ad­gi­lob­riv da sa­er­Ta­
So­ri­so or­ga­ni­za­ci­e­bis Ta­nam­S­rom­lo­ba aris Zi­ri­Ta­di prob­le­ma, ro­me­lic sas­w­ra­fo ga­dawy­ve­tas
iTxovs. is, rom es prob­le­me­bi pir­vel plan­zea wa­mo­we­u­li, Se­iZ­le­ba aR­viq­vaT, ro­gorc in­for­ma­
ci­is er­Tob­li­vi mox­ma­re­bis kul­tu­ris gan­vi­Ta­re­bis sur­vi­li. prob­le­ma­ze am­g­va­ri Tval­saz­ri­si
auci­le­be­lia eq­s­per­t­Ta sis­te­mis (qse­lis) gan­vi­Ta­re­bi­saT­vis. am­Ja­mad TiT­q­mis ar xde­ba in­for­ma­
ci­is gac­v­la sxva­das­x­va or­ga­ni­za­ci­as So­ris. mi­ze­zi mdgo­ma­re­obs ima­Si, rom ar aris mis­w­ra­fe­ba,
ar aris kva­li­fi­ci­u­ri kad­ri da Su­a­ma­va­li or­ga­ni­za­cia, ro­me­lic xels Se­uwyob­da or­ga­ni­za­ci­ebs
So­ris kav­Si­ris gaZ­li­e­re­bas. am prob­le­me­bis ga­daW­ra ga­a­aq­ti­u­reb­da ro­gorc ad­gi­lob­riv, ase­ve,
sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so da ara­sam­Tav­ro­bo or­ga­ni­za­ci­e­bis mo­na­wi­le­o­ba­sa da mxar­da­We­ras.
mi­u­xe­da­vad xe­li­suf­le­bis gan­cxa­de­bi­sa po­li­ti­kur do­ne­ze ICT stra­te­gi­as­Tan da­kav­Si­re­biT, da­
fi­nan­se­ba jer ki­dev ar aris ga­mo­yo­fi­li, rac imis ma­niS­ne­be­lia, rom am mimarTulebiT prog­re­si
ar aris. imi­saT­vis, rom stra­te­gia nam­d­vi­lad gan­xor­ci­el­des cxov­re­ba­Si, auci­le­be­lia seq­to­ru­
li sa­moq­me­do geg­me­bi re­a­lu­rad amoq­med­des, sxvag­va­rad, do­no­reb­ma da sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so or­ga­ni­
za­ci­eb­ma Se­saZ­le­be­lia uari Tqvan ICT pro­eq­te­bis da­fi­nan­se­ba­ze, xo­lo ker­Zo seq­tor­ma – in­ves­
ti­ci­eb­ze. si­Ra­ri­bis do­nis Sem­ci­re­bis miz­niT auci­le­be­lia par­t­ni­o­ro­bi­sa da Tana­m­S­rom­lo­bis
gan­vi­Ta­re­ba sa­zo­ga­do­eb­riv or­ga­ni­za­ci­ebs, ker­Zo fir­mebs, ara­sam­Tav­ro­bo or­ga­ni­za­ci­ebs, mom­x­ma­
re­bels, fer­me­reb­sa da ucxo­ur hu­ma­ni­ta­rul or­ga­ni­za­ci­ebs So­ris.
sa­zo­ga­do­eb­riv da ker­Zo seq­tors So­ris Ta­nam­S­rom­lo­ba mi­mar­Tu­li un­da iyos kva­li­fi­ci­u­ri
sa­mu­Sao Za­lis Seq­m­na­ze, rac xels Se­uwyobs sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis ori­ve na­wi­lis gan­vi­Ta­re­bas. am­g­va­ri
Ta­nam­S­rom­lo­bis ele­men­te­bi ga­mov­lin­da ker­Zo kom­pa­ni­e­bis mxar­da­We­riT or­ga­ni­za­ci­e­bi­sa da per­
so­nal­saT­vis in­for­ma­ci­ul teq­no­lo­gi­eb­ze umaR­le­si kur­se­bi­sa da tre­nin­ge­bis sa­xiT. xe­li­suf­
le­bas Se­eZ­lo da­eC­qa­re­bi­na kva­li­fi­ci­u­ri kad­re­bis mom­za­de­ba, mi­e­ca eko­no­mi­ku­ri Se­Ra­va­Te­bi, ma­
ga­li­Tad ICT swav­le­bas­Tan da­kav­Si­re­biT ga­e­Ta­vi­suf­le­bi­na ga­da­sa­xa­de­bis­gan, rac xels Se­uwyob­da
ker­Zo in­ves­ti­ci­e­bis sti­mu­li­re­bas.
sa­Wi­roa ga­um­jo­bes­des, ase­ve, ga­dawy­ve­ti­le­bis mi­Re­bis stra­te­gia da efeq­tu­ro­ba ax­lad­Seq­m­nil
sam­Tav­ro­bo qve­ga­na­yo­feb­Si, sa­dac mka­fi­od iq­ne­ba ga­ge­bu­li stra­te­gi­u­li ber­ke­te­bis ur­Ti­er­T­
da­mo­ki­de­bu­le­ba.
ma­ga­li­Tad, in­te­leq­tu­a­lu­ri sa­kuT­re­bis efeq­tu­rad moq­med­ma dac­vis sis­te­mam Se­iZ­le­ba mo­
i­zi­dos in­ves­ti­ci­e­bi ICT sfe­ro­Si im pi­ro­biT, Tu mTav­ro­bis dad­ge­ni­le­ba vaW­ro­ba­ze ar iq­ne­ba
am­k­r­Za­la­vi xa­si­a­Tis.
kiTx­ve­bi msje­lo­bi­saT­vis:
1. ra­Si mdgo­ma­re­obs sa­qar­T­ve­lo­Si in­for­ma­ci­u­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis Se­saq­m­ne­lad ar­se­bu­li po­li­ti­
kis Rir­se­ba da nak­li?
2. ro­gor Se­iZ­le­ba mi­si srul­yo­fa?
3. erov­nu­li stra­te­gi­is da­ba­de­ba? 54
me­To­di­ka:
•
in­te­raq­ti­u­li leq­cia
•
cal­ke­u­li ma­ga­li­Te­bis gan­xil­va
•
jgu­fu­ri mu­Sa­o­ba
55
56
mo­du­li V
sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis ga­mo­ye­ne­ba
aR­niS­nul mo­dul­Si ga­ni­xi­le­ba sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis in­teg­ra­ci­is xer­xe­
bi prog­ra­mi­re­bi­sa da gan­vi­Ta­re­bis stra­te­gi­a­Si.
mo­du­li Sed­ge­ni­lia in­te­raq­ti­u­li mox­se­ne­bis sa­fuZ­vel­ze, sadac momxmareblis yu­radRe­ba
gamaxvilebulia Sem­degi gan­sa­xil­veli Te­mebis mimarT:
1) ICT teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis in­teg­ra­cia re­gi­o­nis ad­gi­lob­ri­vi Ta­vi­se­bu­re­be­bi­sa da gan­vi­Ta­re­bis
pro­ces­Si is­to­ri­is gaT­va­lis­wi­ne­biT;
2) in­for­ma­ci­u­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis sa­kiTxeb­ze mo­mu­Sa­ve sxva­das­x­va or­ga­ni­za­ci­is mi­er gan­xor­ci­e­
le­bu­li prog­ra­me­bi­sa da pro­eq­te­bis mi­mo­xil­va.
yy prog­ra­mu­li uz­run­vel­yo­fa
BaseBox – es aris mci­re da sa­Su­a­lo ara­sam­Tav­ro­bo or­ga­ni­za­ci­e­bi­saT­vis yo­vel­dRi­u­rad ga­mo­
sa­ye­ne­be­li in­s­t­ru­men­ta­ri­is kre­bu­li. Wo­men’sNet-Tan Ta­nam­S­rom­le­biT fir­ma Tac­ti­cal Tech-s mi­er
Se­mu­Sa­ve­bu­li dam­x­ma­re prog­ra­ma sa­Su­a­le­bas iZ­le­va ad­vi­lad Se­iq­m­nas mo­na­cem­Ta ba­za, mo­i­Zeb­nos
prog­ra­mu­li uz­run­vel­yo­fa da mox­des Ses­wav­la mis ga­mo­sa­ye­neb­lad.
BaseBox Zi­ri­Ta­dad gan­kuT­v­ni­lia ara­sam­Tav­ro­bo da uf­le­ba­dam­c­ve­li or­ga­ni­za­ci­e­bi­saT­vis gan­
vi­Ta­re­bad qvey­neb­Si. is mo­i­cavs war­sul re­cen­zi­re­bul ufa­so da Ria prog­ra­mul uz­run­vel­yo­fas
(Open So­ur­ce Sof­t­wa­re to­ols), ase­ve Se­sa­ba­mis sas­wav­lo ma­sa­leb­sa da sa­xel­m­ZR­va­ne­lo­ebs.
mas­Si
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Se­dis Sem­de­gi in­s­t­ru­men­ta­ri­e­bi: sa­o­fi­se pa­ke­ti da teq­s­te­bis eleq­t­ro­nu­li da­mu­Sa­ve­ba;
fi­nan­su­ri ope­ra­cia da ,,fan­d­ra­i­zin­gi”;
Ta­nam­S­rom­lo­ba da pro­eq­te­bis mar­T­va;
kad­re­bi­sa da mo­xa­li­se­e­bis mar­T­va;
veb-bra­u­ze­ri da el-fos­ta;
Setyo­bi­ne­ba­Ta swra­fi gzav­ni­li da te­le­fo­ni­re­ba;
mi­mo­xil­va;
an­ti-vi­ru­si.
am ma­sa­le­bis mo­po­ve­ba Se­saZ­le­be­lia in­ter­net­Si, mag­ram misi ori­gi­na­luri ver­si­a aris kom­
paqt-dis­ke­bis pa­ke­ti, ro­mel­Ta dax­ma­re­bi­Tac Se­iZ­le­ba mi­i­Ro sxvadasxva prog­ra­ma in­ter­ne­ti­dan
gadmoweris ga­re­Se.
BaseBox ex­ma­re­ba or­ga­ni­za­ci­ebs swo­rad air­Ci­on maT­T­vis sa­Wi­ro teq­no­lo­gia praq­ti­ka­Si ga­moc­
di­li prog­ra­me­bis Se­da­re­bis gziT, Tan­dar­Tu­li instruqciis gamoyenebiT.
in­s­t­ru­men­ta­li­aTa pa­ke­tis Sig­Tav­si Ser­Ce­ul iq­na sa­ga­mom­cem­lo jgu­fis wam­y­va­ni sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so
spe­ci­a­lis­te­bis mi­er, rom­le­bic mu­Sa­o­ben ara­ko­mer­ci­u­li, sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi uf­le­ba­dam­ca­vi or­ga­
ni­za­ci­e­bis teq­ni­ku­ri dax­ma­re­bis aR­mo­Ce­na-gan­vi­Ta­re­bisaTvis ufa­so da Ria ko­dis prog­ra­mu­li
uz­run­vel­yo­fis (Free and Open So­ur­ce Sof­t­wa­re) gav­r­ce­le­ba­Si. jguf­Si Se­di­an sam­x­reT af­ri­kis res­
pub­li­kis, fi­li­pi­ne­bis, bul­ga­re­Tis, in­do­e­Tis, av­s­t­ra­li­i­sa da aSS-s war­mo­mad­gen­le­bi, rom­leb­mac
er­Tob­li­vad air­Ci­es da ga­mos­ca­des sa­u­ke­Te­so prog­ra­me­bi da ma­sa­le­bi.
yy cif­ru­li so­li­da­ro­ba
sa­mo­qa­la­qo sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi or­ga­ni­za­ci­e­bis war­ma­te­bis Zi­ri­Tad faq­tors mTels msof­li­o­Si
war­mo­ad­gens ma­Ti Za­lis­x­me­vis efeq­tu­ro­ba, ro­me­lic saSualebas aZlevs efeqturad moipovon
uaxlesi in­for­ma­ci­a­ da, ase­ve, efeqturad daamyaron urTierToba par­t­ni­o­reb­Tan. yve­la es sa­
kiTxi Se­iZ­le­ba ga­dawy­des in­ter­net-por­ta­lis dax­ma­re­biT, ro­me­lic, Cve­u­leb­riv, uf­ro me­tad
57
ren­ta­be­lu­ria. dRes, por­ta­li uk­ve ar war­mo­ad­gens cal­sa­xa sa­in­for­ma­cio arxs, ro­me­lic gan­kuT­
v­ni­lia mxo­lod pa­si­u­ri mkiTxvelisaTvis. ax­la isi­ni in­te­raq­ti­u­li ur­Ti­er­To­be­bi­s, sa­zo­ga­do­
eb­riv saq­mi­a­no­ba­Si Car­T­vis efeq­tur in­s­t­ru­men­te­bad da, ase­ve, Ta­nam­S­rom­lo­bis gan­vi­Ta­re­bi­saT­
vis uni­ka­lur plat­for­mad iq­c­nen.
is­mis kiTx­va, ro­gor SesZ­lebs sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi or­ga­ni­za­cia, ro­me­lic xSi­rad mu­Sa­obs mkac­rad
gan­sazR­v­ru­li bi­u­je­tis far­g­leb­Si ganaxorcielos pro­eq­ti por­ta­lis meS­ve­o­biT? ra mox­de­ba Tu
Ta­nam­S­rom­le­bi ar flo­ben in­for­ma­ci­is ga­mo­ye­ne­bi­sa da sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis (ICT) unarCve­vebs. po­ten­ci­u­ri mim­Re­­bi, vis­T­vi­sac gan­kuT­v­ni­lia in­for­ma­cia, - es aris xal­xi, rom­lis­T­vi­sac
in­ter­net­Tan xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­ba war­mo­ad­gens prob­le­mas; ro­gor un­da ga­mo­i­yu­re­bo­des TiToeuli
or­ga­ni­za­ci­is por­ta­li, ra­Ta da­ak­ma­yo­fi­los sa­mo­qa­la­qo sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis spe­ci­fi­ku­ri sa­kiTxe­bi.
yy por­ta­li
Cve­u­leb­riv, veb-por­ta­le­bi ari­an Ta­vi­se­bu­ri ,,su­per­sa­i­te­bi” in­ter­net­Si, ro­mel­Ta Sem­q­m­ne­
le­bi cdi­lo­ben maq­si­ma­lu­rad da­ak­ma­yo­fi­lon mom­x­ma­re­bel­Ta moTxov­ne­bi. am­g­va­ri por­ta­le­bi
momxmarebels sTavazobs sxva­das­x­va ser­vi­ss, ro­go­ri­caa: Zi­e­ba, Si­na­ar­si, si­ax­le­e­bi, el-fos­ta, on­
la­in-Ca­Ti, sxva sa­i­teb­Tan kav­Si­ri da a.S. (www.dar­win­mag.com)
yy sa­mo­qa­la­qo sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi or­ga­ni­za­ci­e­bi
sa­mo­qa­la­qo sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi or­ga­ni­za­ci­e­bis por­ta­lze sxva mra­vali por­ta­li­sa­gan gan­s­x­va­ve­
biT nak­lebi dro uT­mo­ba gar­To­ba­sa da ko­mer­ci­as. Zi­ri­Ta­dad, kon­cen­t­ri­re­bul­ni ari­an sa­mo­qa­
la­qo sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis gan­vi­Ta­re­ba­sa da sa­mo­qa­la­qo sa­zo­ga­do­e­bas­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bul iseT sa­kiTxeb­ze,
ro­go­ri­caa ada­mi­a­nis uf­le­be­bi da ga­re­mos dac­va. Se­sa­ba­mi­sad, isi­ni sTa­va­zo­ben am prob­le­meb­Tan
da­kav­Si­re­bu­l spe­ci­fi­kur mom­sa­xu­re­bas, iseT in­for­ma­ci­as, ro­me­lic ar ukav­Sir­de­ba sa­zo­ga­do­eb­
ri­vi or­ga­ni­za­ci­e­bis por­ta­ls (ma­ga­li­Tad sa­bir­Jo kur­si, amin­dis prog­no­zi da a.S.) yy eleq­t­ro­nu­li bi­u­le­te­ni
eleq­t­ro­nu­li sa­xiT gag­zav­ni­li bi­u­le­te­ni, Cve­u­leb­riv, Se­i­cavs in­for­ma­ci­as ra­i­me kon­k­re­
tuli sa­kiTx­is Sesaxeb da war­mo­ad­gens por­ta­lis erT-erT mom­sa­xu­re­bas.
yy mim­Reb­Ta sia
mim­Reb­Ta si­is meS­ve­o­biT Se­saZ­le­be­lia jgu­fu­ri dis­ku­si­is or­ga­ni­ze­ba, eleq­t­ro­nu­li Setyo­
bi­ne­bis gag­zav­na da gav­r­ce­le­ba. yo­vel­T­vis, ro­de­sac dis­ku­si­a­Si mo­na­wi­le ag­zav­nis Setyo­bi­ne­bas,
xvde­ba mim­Re­bis eleq­t­ro­nul sa­fos­to yuT­Si. mTe­li es pro­ce­si mim­di­na­re­obs av­to­ma­tu­rad da
imar­Te­ba mim­Reb­Ta si­is prog­ra­mis me­ne­je­ris mi­er (gan­mar­te­ba Learn the Net - www.le­ar­n­t­he­net.com).
ka­no­ni­e­ri gziT as­lis ga­da­Re­bis stra­te­gia (li­cen­zi­iT ne­ba­dar­Tu­li), on­la­in-pub­li­ka­ci­a­Ta
kon­teq­s­t­Si - es aris ufa­so gav­r­ce­le­bi­sa da on­la­in kon­ten­te­bis (Si­na­ar­sis) gan­me­o­re­bi­Ti ga­mo­ce­
mis stra­te­gia. ka­no­ni­e­ri gziT as­lis ga­da­Re­bis li­cen­zi­re­bis kla­si­kur ma­ga­liTs war­mo­ad­gens GNU
Free Documentation License, ro­me­lic aris licenzia Tavisufali programuli uzrunvelyofisaTvis.
yy sa­mo­qa­la­qo sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi or­ga­ni­za­ci­e­bi
58
,,sa­mo­qa­la­qo sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi or­ga­ni­za­cia” mi­e­kuT­v­ne­ba im or­ga­ni­za­ci­a­Ta ricxvs, rom­le­bic mu­
Sa­o­ben gan­vi­Ta­re­ba­ze, mag­ram ar ari­an mTav­ro­bis an biz­nes seq­to­ris war­mo­mad­gen­le­bi. cal­ke­ul
qvey­ana­Si sxva­das­x­va sa­mo­qa­la­qo sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi or­ga­ni­za­ci­a sxva­das­x­vag­va­rad iwodeba: ,,saq­vel­
moq­me­do”, ,,ker­Zo saq­vel­moq­me­do or­ga­ni­za­ci­a”, ,,saq­vel­moq­me­do or­ga­ni­za­ci­a”, mag­ram yve­la­ze xSi­
rad mo­ix­se­ni­e­bi­an, ro­gorc ara­sam­Tav­ro­bo or­ga­ni­za­ci­e­bi (gan­mar­te­ba UNDP - www.undp.org).
yy mom­x­ma­re­bel­Ta sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis Seq­m­na
sa­mo­qa­la­qo sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi por­ta­le­bi ar moq­me­de­ben kom­pa­nia-kli­en­tis ur­Ti­er­T­da­mo­ki­de­bu­
le­bis prin­ci­piT. mom­x­ma­reb­le­bi in­te­res­de­bi­an sa­kiTxe­biT, ro­me­lic scde­ba wmin­da ma­te­ri­a­lu­ri
Ri­re­bu­le­be­bis far­g­lebs, da uCndebaT por­tal­Tan da­kav­Si­re­bis sur­vi­li. Tu Cveni saqmianoba
iqneba sasargeblo da maT gauCndebaT mo­ti­va­ci­a aq­ti­u­robisaTvis, es niSnavs, rom Cven war­ma­te­
biT mi­vi­wevT win por­ta­lis gar­Se­mo ga­er­Ti­a­ne­bu­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis Se­qmnisken. on­la­in sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba
– es aris Cvens xelT ar­se­bu­li yve­la­ze Zli­e­ri re­sur­si, rac war­ma­te­bis sa­win­da­ria sa­mo­qa­la­qo
sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi por­ta­li­saT­vis. Cven Seg­viZ­lia am­g­va­ri sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis for­mi­re­ba Tu da­var­w­mu­
nebT Cvens mom­x­ma­reb­lebs ima­Si, rom maT aqvT gar­k­ve­u­li ro­li, ase­ve, miv­cemT Se­saZ­leb­lo­bas
daamyaron urTierToba Cven­Tan, er­T­ma­neT­Tan da mo­na­wi­le­o­ba mi­i­Ron por­ta­lis gan­vi­Ta­re­ba­Si.
rac uf­ro Zli­e­ri da aq­ti­u­ri iq­ne­ba am­g­va­ri sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba, miT uke­Te­sia.
yy mom­x­ma­re­bel­Tan ur­Ti­er­To­ba
Zal­ze mniS­v­ne­lo­va­nia imis gan­mar­te­ba, rom por­ta­li ar aris cal­m­x­ri­vi kav­Si­ris ar­xi. sa­Wi­roa
mom­x­ma­re­bels miv­ceT Se­saZ­leb­lo­ba mog­v­we­ros ne­bis­mi­er sa­kiTx­ze. es iq­ne­ba wi­na­da­de­ba cvli­le­
be­bis Se­sa­xeb, mo­wo­ne­ba Tu kri­ti­ka. Cven un­da gvqon­des swra­fi re­a­gi­re­ba yve­la wi­na­da­de­ba­ze.
Tum­ca, Se­saZ­loa, mox­des isec, rom Cve­ni por­ta­lis war­ma­te­bidan da mom­x­ma­re­bel­Ta aq­ti­u­ro­bidan
gamomdinare, di­di mo­cu­lo­biT mosulma ko­res­pon­den­ci­am ar mog­v­ces Se­saZ­leb­lo­ba, re­a­gi­re­ba
vi­qo­ni­oT Ti­To­e­ul maT­gan­ze. mi­u­xe­da­vad ami­sa, ar un­da vqvaT uari el-fos­tis Se­de­gad kon­taq­t­
is damyarebaze, ram­de­na­dac a) es mom­x­ma­reb­lebs ag­r­Z­no­bi­ne­bs, rom Cven­T­vis mniS­v­ne­lo­va­nia ma­Ti
az­ri, da b) am­g­va­rad Sev­Z­lebT mi­vi­RoT Cve­ni saq­mi­a­no­bisaTvis Ri­re­bu­li wi­na­da­de­be­bi.
,,ram­de­ni­me wlis win Cve­ni por­ta­li iyo pri­mi­ti­u­li, mo­sawye­ni da ar hyavda bevri momxmarebeli.
Cven davsxediT da vifiqreT Tu ras SeiZleba gamoewvia Cveni miznobrivi auditoriis interesi.
da­vus­viT maT Se­kiTx­ve­bi da prog­re­si sa­xe­zea: Cven Se­vi­Zi­neT axa­li audi­to­ri­a – stu­den­te­bi da
umu­Sev­re­bi” (Danijela Babic - ZaMirNet)
mom­x­ma­re­bel­Ta re­aq­cia mniS­v­ne­lo­va­ni in­s­t­ru­men­tia saqmianobis Se­sa­fa­seb­lad. am reaqciis
safuZvelze gavigebT ro­go­ria Cveni momxmarebeli, da ra sa­kiTxe­biTaa dainteresebuli. Tu am­
g­va­ri in­for­ma­cia ar gvaqvs, un­da mo­vax­di­noT audi­to­ri­is re­a­gi­re­bis sti­mu­li­re­ba, ro­gorc es
ga­a­ke­Ta da­ni­e­la ba­bi­Cim ,,ZaMirNet”-dan.
yy Ta­nam­S­ro­mel­Ta per­so­ni­fi­ci­re­ba
por­ta­lis gar­Se­mo sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis war­ma­te­biT for­mi­re­bi­saT­vis administraciulma jgufma vi­zu­
a­lu­rad ise un­da war­mo­ad­gi­nos Ta­vi, ro­gorc sazogadoebis na­wi­li. jgu­fi ar un­da iyos ,,usa­xo”,
teq­no­lo­gi­ebs miR­ma dar­Ce­ni­li. sa­sar­geb­lo iq­ne­ba ra­i­me pub­li­ka­ci­is ga­moq­vey­ne­ba Jur­na­lis­teb­
sa da re­daq­to­rze, rom­le­bic sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis in­for­mi­re­bas uz­run­vel­yo­fen. ram­de­ni­me stri­qo­nis
ga­moq­vey­ne­bam Cven Se­sa­xeb, an ub­ra­lod, Cven­ma fo­to­mac ki, Se­saZ­loa por­ta­li da ur­Ti­er­To­bis
pro­ce­si uf­ro uSualo ga­xa­dos.
yy on­la­in dis­ku­si­a
sa­dis­ku­sio fo­ru­me­bis or­ga­ni­ze­biT sa­Su­a­le­bas vaZ­levT mom­x­ma­re­bels ga­moT­q­vas az­ri gan­sa­
xil­vel sa­kiTx­ze. am­g­va­rad Se­saZ­le­be­lia mom­x­ma­re­bel­Ta sti­mu­li­re­ba Cven mi­er Se­Ta­va­ze­bul
sa­kiTxeb­Tan da­kav­Si­re­biT az­ris ga­mo­sa­xa­tad. aq­ti­u­ri sa­dis­ku­sio fo­ru­me­bis war­ma­te­ba bev­ra­daa
da­mo­ki­de­bu­li gan­sa­xil­vel Te­ma­ze, mag­ram, ama­ve dros, is da­mo­ki­de­bu­lia kul­tu­rul Ta­vi­se­bu­re­
beb­ze. zo­gi­erT kul­tu­raSi ada­mi­a­ne­bi miC­ve­ul­ni ari­an sa­ja­rod ga­moT­q­van sa­ku­Ta­ri az­ri, xo­lo
zo­gi­er­T­Si – ara. gar­da ami­sa, ar­se­bobs gan­sa­kuT­re­bu­li sa­kiTxe­bi, rom­le­bic, ro­gorc we­si, sxva
ro­me­li­me sa­kiTx­ze me­tad iw­vevs aq­ti­ur diskusias (ma­ga­li­Tad fe­mi­niz­mi an po­li­ti­ka).
Ca­Tis or­ga­ni­ze­ba aZ­levs sti­mu­li­re­bas dis­ku­si­as. bra­zi­li­u­ri por­ta­lis ,,Rits” ga­moc­di­le­bam,
59
ro­mel­zec ur­Ti­er­T­sa­wi­na­aR­m­de­go mo­saz­re­be­bis mqo­ne ada­mi­a­nebs So­ris mim­di­na­re­obs dis­ku­sia
sa­davo sa­kiTxeb­ze, da­am­t­ki­ca dis­ku­si­a­Si ada­mi­an­Ta mo­na­wi­le­o­bis mo­sa­zi­dad am­g­va­ri me­To­dis
qme­di­Tunarianoba.
1) mo­mar­T­vis Sem­Tx­ve­va­Si, Tu Cve­ni Se­saZ­leb­lo­be­bi ara­sak­ma­ri­sia dro­u­li re­a­gi­re­bi­saT­vis,
un­da vi­fiq­roT imis Se­sa­xeb, rom av­to­ma­tu­rad ganvumartoT mom­x­ma­re­bels, ra­tom ar Seg­viZ­lia
amis ga­ke­Te­ba. ma­ga­li­Tad, ko­res­po­den­ci­is si­War­bis Sem­Tx­ve­va­Si Friends of the Earth-is bri­ta­nu­li
gan­yo­fi­le­bis por­tal­ze, ser­ve­ri av­to­ma­tu­rad ag­zav­nis Sem­deg pa­suxs: ,,yo­vel­k­vi­re­u­lad Cven
vi­RebT aso­biT eleq­t­ro­nul we­rils da vpa­su­xobT maT mkac­rad da­cu­li ri­gi­To­biT. Cven ga­
va­ke­TebT yve­la­fers, ra­Ta gag­ceT pa­su­xi xu­Ti sa­mu­Sao dRis gan­mav­lo­ba­Si. Tu Tqve­ni we­ri­li
gan­kuT­v­ni­lia sxva jgu­fis an sxva Ta­nam­Sor­m­li­sad­mi Cve­ni gan­yo­fi­le­bi­dan, Cven da­u­yov­neb­liv
ga­dav­cemT mas da­niS­nu­le­bi­sa­mebr”.
,,bra­zi­li­ur­ma por­tal­ma ,,Rits” stum­ris sta­tu­siT mi­iw­via mwe­ra­li da sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi mec­ni­
e­re­bis sfe­ro­s spe­ci­a­lis­ti, ro­me­lic icav­da sa­ka­ma­To Se­xe­du­le­bas konkretul ga­re­mo­Si Za­la­
do­bis prob­le­mis Se­sa­xeb, ker­Zod, is Tvli­da, rom mo­Sim­Si­le­ebs aqvT Za­la­do­bis uf­le­ba. es iyo
pir­ve­li am­g­va­ri ga­moc­di­le­ba da ga­vav­r­ce­leT mo­saw­ve­ve­bi dis­ku­si­a­Si mo­na­wi­le­o­bi­saT­vis bi­u­
le­te­nis ,,mo­qa­la­qe­o­ba” (Ci­ti­zen­s­hip) xel­mom­we­rebs So­ris. in­for­ma­cia gan­va­Tav­seT, ase­ve, por­ta­lis
CaT­ze. er­Ti sa­a­Tis gan­mav­lo­ba­Si da­ax­lo­e­biT 15 ada­mi­a­ni Ca­er­To dis­ku­si­a­Si Cvens stu­mar­Tan da
da­us­va kiTx­ve­bi”. (Graciela Sa­le­i­men - Rits)
yy eleq­t­ro­nu­li bi­u­le­te­ni
erT-er­Ti gan­mar­te­bis Ta­nax­mad ne­bis­mi­e­ri por­ta­lis mom­x­ma­reb­le­bi ari­an ada­mi­a­ne­bi, rom­
le­bic, sul mci­re, ne­bas gvrTa­ven da­vi­viwyoT Cve­ni sa­fos­to yu­Te­bi eleq­t­ro­nu­li bi­u­le­te­ne­
biT, ro­mel­Ta xel­mom­we­re­bic ari­an. ne­bis­mi­er Sem­Tx­ve­va­Si, ma­sa­le­bis re­gu­la­ru­li gav­r­ce­le­ba
xelmomwerebTan gvex­ma­re­ba gav­zar­doT im ada­mi­a­ne­bis ricx­vi, rom­le­bic Tval­-yurs adev­ne­ben
Cvens saq­mi­a­no­bas da, vi­me­dov­nebT, rom ma­Ral Se­fa­se­bas aZ­le­ven mas.
,,eleq­t­ro­nu­li bi­u­le­te­ne­bis Rir­se­ba mdgo­ma­re­obs ima­Si, rom isi­ni qmni­an karg sa­fuZ­vels moq­
me­de­bi­sa da pro­pa­gan­dis­tu­li kam­pa­ni­is Ca­ta­re­bi­saT­vis. ro­de­sac Tqven ad­genT el-bi­u­le­te­nis
xel­mom­wer­Ta si­as, Tqven amas­Ta­na­ve qmniT sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis wev­rebis did jgufs, ro­mel­Tac ain­te­
re­sebT Tqve­ni saq­mi­a­no­ba. es aris ada­mi­a­ne­bis ide­a­lu­ri jgu­fi, ro­mel­Ta mo­zid­vac Se­saZ­le­be­lia
pro­pa­gan­dis­tul kam­pa­ni­a­Si mo­na­wi­le­o­bis mi­sa­Re­bad. isini da­giT­mo­ben dros da Se­mog­Ta­va­ze­ben
axal mi­sa­mar­Tebs Tqve­ni sa­i­ti­saT­vis, an uSu­am­d­gom­le­ben Se­mo­wi­ru­lo­bas in­ter­ne­tis meS­ve­o­biT”.
(Mark Sur­man - Rab­b­le)
yy mim­Reb­Ta sia
60
mim­Reb­Ta sia, es aris qme­di­Ti sa­Su­a­le­ba Tqve­ni por­ta­lis gar­Se­mo sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis for­mi­re­bi­
saT­vis. ada­mi­a­nebs Se­saZ­leb­lo­ba mi­e­ce­maT mo­na­wi­le­o­ba mi­i­Ron Te­ma­tur kon­fe­ren­ci­eb­Si, Cven
ara mar­to vaZ­levT maT Se­saZ­leb­lo­bas ga­i­gon si­ax­leebi sxva mo­na­wi­le­e­bi­sa­gan, ara­med, vaZ­levT
Se­saZ­leb­lo­bas, ga­u­zi­a­ron er­T­ma­neTs cod­na gan­sa­xil­vel Te­mas­Tan da­kav­Si­re­biT. mi­sa­mar­Te­bis
si­is meS­ve­o­biT dis­ku­si­is Se­de­gad Cven Seg­viZ­lia mi­vi­RoT mTe­li ri­gi ma­sa­la Cve­ni sta­ti­i­saT­vis.
am­g­va­ri kon­fe­ren­ci­e­bis Ca­ta­re­bis, xel­Sewyo­biT Se­saZ­leb­lo­ba gvaqvs ava­moq­me­doT Cve­ni por­ta­
li dis­ku­sias­Tan ur­Ti­er­T­q­me­de­biT da sti­mul­ire­ba miv­ceT sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis gan­vi­Ta­re­bas, ro­me­lic
aRiq­vams Cvens por­tals, ro­gorc ma­kon­t­ro­le­bel punqts. ro­de­sac Cven vaq­vey­nebT sta­ti­as kon­
fe­ren­ci­is Te­ma­ze, Cven vag­zav­niT mim­Reb­Ta mi­sa­mar­Teb­ze Setyo­bi­ne­bas Tan­dar­Tu­li ,,bmu­liT”,
rom­li­Tac ga­dav­len por­tal­ze. kon­fe­ren­ci­is dax­ma­re­biT Cven ara­pir­da­piri gziT vaZ­levT mo­ti­
vacias mo­na­wi­le­ebs Se­i­ta­non wvli­li por­ta­lis mu­Sa­o­ba­Si.
yy sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis wvli­li Cvens saq­mi­a­no­ba­Si
,,me aR­viq­vam ada­mi­a­nebs, rom­le­bic ro­gorc sa­si­a­mov­no da­ma­te­ba, ise uec­rad Cnde­bi­an Ta­vis­
Ta­vad, mag­ram me ar maqvs ma­Ti ime­di, da ar ve­li, rom maT aqvT Ce­mi ime­di. me mxa­ri da­vu­Wi­re
or­ga­ni­za­ci­ebs imis­da mi­xed­viT, Tu ro­gor mi­veC­vie in­for­ma­ci­is gav­r­ce­le­bas qse­lis (ve­bis) meS­
ve­o­biT. teq­ni­ku­rad iolia in­for­ma­ci­is gav­r­ce­le­ba di­na­mi­u­ri veb-gver­de­bi­dan da lis­t­servs-dan, es
aris ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­is sa­Su­a­le­ba, ro­me­lic saSualebas gvaZlevs vi­moq­me­doT uf­ro far­To mas­S­ta­biT.
Cven un­da gvqon­des uke­Te­si ur­Ti­er­T­kav­Si­ri rac Se­iZ­le­ba me­ti ada­mi­a­ni­sa da sis­te­mis meS­ve­o­
biT”. (Nicole Nepton - Cyber­so­li­da­i­res)
por­ta­lis gar­Se­mo sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis for­mi­re­bis erT-erT mniS­v­ne­lo­van as­peqts war­mo­ad­gens mom­
x­ma­reb­le­bis­T­vis sa­Su­a­le­bis mi­ce­ma Ta­vad Se­i­ta­nos wvli­li Cvens mu­Sa­o­ba­Si. am­g­va­ri wvli­lis
efeq­tu­ro­bis xa­ris­xi da­mo­ki­de­bu­lia por­ta­lis mu­Sa­o­bis mTa­var amo­ca­na­ze. mi­u­xe­da­vad ami­sa,
yo­vel­T­vis aris imis al­ba­To­ba, rom zo­gi­erT mom­x­ma­re­bels Se­uZ­lia mog­va­wo­dos in­for­ma­cia,
ro­me­lic sa­sar­geb­loa Cve­ni saq­mi­a­no­bi­saT­vis, xo­lo zo­gi­er­Ti Se­mo­Ta­va­ze­bu­li ma­sa­la Se­saZ­loa
iq­nas ga­moq­vey­ne­bu­li mov­le­ne­bis ka­len­dar­Si, bmu­le­bis cno­bar­Si, gan­cxa­de­beb­Si va­kan­si­is Se­sa­xeb
da a.S. Tu mom­x­ma­re­be­li gva­wo­debs am­g­var ma­sa­las, Cven un­da ga­mov­xa­toT mis mi­marT mad­li­e­re­ba,
ga­vug­zav­noT madlobis we­ri­li el-fos­tiT, an mo­vix­se­ni­oT is veb-gver­d­ze. Tu uars vam­bobT Se­
mo­Ta­va­ze­bul wi­na­da­de­ba­ze, auci­leb­lad un­da Se­vatyo­bi­noT mom­x­ma­re­bels mi­ze­zi, rom­lis ga­moc
mog­vi­wia amis ga­ke­Te­ba. Cven Seg­viZ­lia, ase­ve, miv­ceT in­s­t­ruq­cia mTa­var Te­mas­Tan da­kav­Si­re­biT
an Se­mo­Ta­va­ze­bu­li ma­sa­lis for­mat­ze, gan­sa­kuT­re­biT ma­Sin, ro­de­sac ro­me­li­me kon­k­re­tu­li mom­x­
ma­reb­lis re­gu­la­ru­li Ta­nam­S­rom­lo­bis per­s­peq­ti­vaa. am sa­xis mi­mo­we­ras di­di dro mi­aqvs, mag­ram
misi dayvana Se­iZ­le­ba mi­ni­mu­mam­de, Tu win­da­win mo­vam­za­debT weri­lis uni­ver­sa­lur va­ri­an­tebs.
yve­la­ze xSi­rad fa­se­u­li ma­sa­la xvde­ba sxva sa­mo­qa­la­qo sa­zo­ga­do­eb­ri­vi or­ga­ni­za­ci­e­bi­dan da
ara cal­ke­u­li mom­x­ma­reb­le­bis­gan. Se­vuwyoT xe­li or­ga­ni­za­ci­ebs So­ris Ta­nam­S­rom­lo­bis gan­vi­Ta­
re­bas. ro­gorc praq­ti­kam gviC­ve­na karg Se­degs iZ­le­va im or­ga­ni­za­ci­eb­Si, ro­mel­Ta saq­mi­a­no­ba­sac
va­Su­qebT msgav­si Setyo­bi­ne­bis dag­zav­na: ,,gvsurs gac­no­boT, rom ga­mo­vaq­vey­neT in­for­ma­cia Tqvens
buk­let­ze...”, am­g­va­rad isi­ni Se­ityo­ben Cve­ni ar­se­bo­bis Se­sa­xeb. Tu Cven vi­moq­me­debT Ta­na­mim­dev­
ru­lad, ma­Sin gaC­n­de­ba re­a­lu­ri San­si, rom mo­ma­val­Si Tvi­Ton ga­mog­vig­zav­non Setyo­bi­ne­ba Ta­vis
axa­li saq­mi­a­no­bis Se­sa­xeb. am­g­va­rad da­zo­ga­ven Cven dros, ro­me­lic un­da dag­ve­xar­ja in­for­ma­ci­is
Ta­vad mo­Zi­e­bi­sas.
ro­de­sac Cven gvyavs mTe­li ri­gi or­ga­ni­za­ci­e­bi, rom­le­bic, Cve­ni az­riT, Cve­ni por­ta­lis sa­
zo­ga­do­e­bis na­wils war­mo­ad­ge­nen, um­jo­be­sia Se­vityoT, Tu ra or­ga­ni­za­ciaa, ram­de­nad Se­iZ­le­ba
mi­si ndo­ba da, ra akav­Si­rebT Cvens por­tal­Tan. sa­bo­lo­od, gag­vi­ad­vil­de­ba da­ma­te­bi­Ti na­bi­je­bis
ga­dad­g­ma, ro­me­lic ki­dev uf­ro ga­am­ya­rebs maT kav­Sirs Cvens por­tal­Tan. es Se­iZ­le­ba da­de­bi­Tad
aisa­xos Cvens in­for­mi­re­ba­ze, ma­ga­li­Tad, sag­ran­to mo­na­cem­Ta ba­zeb­Tan xel­mi­saw­v­domobis, ,,el-fos­
tis” Te­ma­tur kon­fe­ren­ci­eb­ze an er­Tob­liv in­ter­net-pro­eq­teb­Si mo­na­wi­le­o­bis TvalsazrisiT.
sa­zo­ga­do­e­bis gan­vi­Ta­re­ba da for­mi­re­ba mo­iTxovs did dro­sa da Za­lis­x­me­vas, mag­ram es amad
Rirs. sa­zoga­do­e­bis for­mi­re­bas aqvs Tov­lis gun­dis me­To­di: rac uf­ro di­di da Zli­e­ria sa­zo­ga­
do­e­ba, miT uf­ro sa­sar­geb­loa is por­ta­li­saT­vis da miT uf­ro ma­Ra­lia por­ta­lis Se­saZ­leb­lo­
be­bi ada­mi­an­Ta Se­mok­re­bi­sa da mo­ti­vi­re­bi­saT­vis.
kiTx­ve­bi msje­lo­bi­saT­vis
1) ro­gor Seg­viZ­lia ICT - is ga­mo­ye­ne­ba Cvens yo­vel­dRi­ur saq­mi­a­no­ba­Si?
2) ki­dev ra­Si mdgo­ma­re­obs ICT - is ga­mo­ye­ne­bis mniS­v­ne­lo­ba?
3) ra Se­saZ­leb­lo­bebs gvix­s­nis ICT?
me­To­di­ka
•
•
•
•
in­te­raq­ti­u­li mox­se­ne­be­bi
in­te­raq­ti­u­li leq­ci­e­bi
dis­ku­si­e­bi
praq­ti­ku­li sa­var­ji­So­e­bi
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Abstract
In today’s world, computer, Internet, mobile communication, TV and video communication is very important, however, the term “Information Communication Technologies” (ICT), which combines all this, is
not so popular in society and a very small part
knows about it.
People do believe that ICT sphere is not “preferable”
for women and she cannot be as professional as men. At
the same time, if we plunge into the issue, it would be
clear that modern life is impossible without the usage of
these technologies. Woman is a part of this world and if
she will be given the chance to use ICT it is no doubt, she
will use it as successfully as men.
Modern researches and statistics show how low women and girls access to information communication technologies is. What caused this? It has different reasons
and explanations, but as the problem exists, there is a
need to work in this direction in order to upgrade ICT access on women and girls.
This guide is not an ordinary training manual. It is
more instruction in the ICT sphere to enabled women
be part of it and consists of five modules description. Descriptive part of the module includes a thematic material
supply plan, sources, as well as abstract for each participant and advices for trainers. Guideline is additional material for the trainer, which provides audience the necessary information taken from various sources and not all
well-known collection of activities.
In the Guidelines main attention is focused on the
ICT issues, topics and some of the content-related advice, which affects the learning process. Also there are
discussed issues that may be expected to appear after
the completion of the training. The manual provides
training as a permanent part of the process, which includes education, ability to learn some skills and concrete actions. However, each module within the program uses materials in this sequence:
• Acquisition of ICT skills usage  (is depending
on proposed modules and its combination)
• Self-assessment  of acquired knowledge (is
depending on the group profile)
62
tal Section”; as well as information technology-related
specific issues and main discussions in the field of ICT at
the international level.
Module has the definition of information society,
which differs from the traditional, economic principlesbased and socio - political figures promoted terms. It is
based on broader concept of the Information Society and
includes social issues which need a solution to be satisfied in less developed countries.
In the second module – “International Organizations and Initiatives”, “is considered international context in which is going the ICT-policy and its relation with
international development processes.
Especially there is highlighted the objectives which
stands between the development sector and national information society-communication technologies facing the international community decision-making level. As well as there is coverage of the new approaches of
the stakeholders and the Information about World Summit preparatory process.
Also there is considered the possibilities, objectives and risks related to ICT propagation and the growth
of ICT sector in terms of gender perspectives. There
is given “gender division” characteristics of ICT policy and differentiated social and
economic impact
of men’s and women’s lives. Also it is offered with the ICT
ways of expanding women’s access in appropriate conditions. It will be considered appropriate environmental
elements, which contributes gender equality and elimination of discrimination.
The third module – “Electronic Democracy:  Global Network Management: Laws and Organizations” are considering organizations whose work is dedicated to the Internet, including those who decide coordinated objectives and are engaged in developing international norms.
There is considered an open form of democracy, the
risks and opportunities, as well as the role of citizens in
the process.
• Training materials (is depending on proposed module and its combination)
In the fourth module there is discussed “National Strategy and Action Plan” on information - communication technologies. Current information -communication infrastructure and the usage of the trend.
In the first module “The concept and problems of
Information society” there is given international documents and resolutions regarding the Internet and IT related to basic consept and terminology review. In the
module there is discussed such notions as: “Information
Society”, “Global Network”, “Information Structure”, “Digi-
In the fifth module – “Usage of ICT” is considered integration tools for programming and new developments in
the strategy. The focus is on the integration of ICT technologies in the region of local peculiarities and history
of developments process; also there is reviewed projects
carried out by the different organizations working on “Information Society”.
ab­re­vi­a­tu­ra
CCUN – ga­e­ros sab­Wo ko­or­di­na­ci­is sa­kiTxeb­Si
CCCUN - ga­e­ros ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­is sa­ko­or­di­na­cio sab­Wo
CBI - biz­ne­sis sa­ko­or­di­na­cio ko­mi­te­ti
CNM - axa­li aTas­w­le­u­lis ga­mow­ve­ve­bi
DAW - qal­Ta da­wi­na­u­re­bis sa­kiTxeb­Si ga­e­ros qve­gan­yo­fi­le­ba
EDD - Ria eleq­t­ro­nu­li de­mok­ra­tia
EGM - sa­in­for­ma­cio da sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis eq­s­per­t­Ta jgu­fi GK97 - ,,glo­ba­lu­ri cod­na” Ca­tar­da 1997 wels ICC – sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so sa­vaW­ro pa­la­ta
ICT – sa­in­for­ma­cio-sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bi ITU - sa­er­Ta­So­ri­so te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­e­bis kav­Si­ri
ITU-D - te­le­ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­is gan­vi­Ta­re­bis seq­tor­Si gen­de­ru­li qve­gan­yo­fi­le­ba
IS - in­for­ma­ci­u­li sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba
PC - mo­sam­za­de­be­li ko­mi­te­ti
UNCSTD - ga­e­ros ko­mi­sia mec­ni­e­re­bi­sa da teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis gan­vi­Ta­re­bis sa­kiTxeb­ze
UNDP – ga­e­ros gan­vi­Ta­re­bis prog­ra­ma
UNIFEM - ga­e­ros gan­vi­Ta­re­bis fon­di qal­TaT­vis
WSIS - msof­lio sa­mi­ti in­for­ma­ci­ul sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba­ze
63
ga­mo­ye­ne­bu­li li­te­ra­tu­ra
sa­qar­T­ve­los ka­no­ni in­for­ma­ti­za­ci­is Se­sa­xeb; Ta­vi I. zo­ga­di de­bu­le­ba­ni mux­li 1
ga­e­ros ge­ne­ra­lu­ri asam­b­le­is re­zo­lu­cia #56/183; ,,umaR­le­si do­nis msof­lio Sex­ved­ra in­
for­ma­ci­ul sa­kiTxeb­ze”; www.itu.int/wsis/docs/bac­k­g­ro­und/re­so­lu­ti­ons/56_183_un­ga_2002-ru.pdf
ga­e­ros ge­ne­ra­lu­ri asam­b­le­is re­zo­lu­cia #73;
www.itu.int/wsis/docs/bac­k­g­ro­und/re­so­lu­ti­ons/73.html
Je­ne­vis dek­la­ra­cia;
www.un.org/rus­si­an/con­fe­ren/wsis/dec.pdf
Je­ne­vis sa­moq­me­do geg­ma;
www.un.org/rus­si­an/con­fe­ren/wsis/plan.pdf
tu­ni­sis val­de­bu­le­be­bi­sa da in­for­ma­ci­ul sa­zo­ga­do­e­ba­ze tu­ni­sis sa­moq­me­do geg­mis Ro­nis­Zi­
e­ba­Ta sru­li teq­s­ti: www.un.org/rus­si­an/con­fe­ren/wsis/wsis_com­mit­ment.htm
de­il spen­de­ri (Dale Spen­der) -,,Nattering on the net : wo­men, po­wer and cyber­s­pa­ce” gv.190, 1995.
IPS Cor­res­pon­dents, 2003, gv.2.
sa­qar­T­ve­los ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­e­bis erov­n u­l i ko­mi­si­is wli­u­ri an­ga­ri­Si 2009 we­li.
www.gncc.ge/fi­les/3100_2949_381102_Annual%20report%202009.pdf
sa­qar­ve­los sa­in­for­ma­cio da sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis gan­vi­Ta­re­bis Car­Co prog­
ra­ma. /do­ku­men­ti mo­am­za­da da ga­mos­ca ga­e­ros gan­vi­Ta­re­bis prog­ra­mis proeq­t­ma UNDP/
GEO/00031399 - “sa­qar­T­ve­lo­Si sa­in­for­ma­cio da sa­ko­mu­ni­ka­cio teq­no­lo­gi­e­bis gan­vi­Ta­re­bis
Car­Co-prog­ra­mis Se­mu­Sa­ve­ba”/-/k. de­met­raS­vi­li[da sxva],–Tb.,2004
sa­qar­T­ve­los in­for­ma­ti­za­ci­is sa­xel­m­wi­fo kon­cef­cia.
www.ceg­s­tar.ge/fi­les/46_15_372943_in­for­ma­ti­za­ci­is­kon­cef­ci.pdf
ga­ze­Ti „bas­ta“, 24-30 de­kem­be­ri, „sa­qar­T­ve­lo­Si yo­ve­li me-6 in­ter­ne­tis mom­x­ma­re­be­lia”
fri­dom ha­u­si; an­ga­ri­Si „Ta­vi­suf­le­ba qsel­Si: in­ter­ne­ti­sa da cif­ru­li me­di­is glo­ba­lu­ri
Se­fa­se­ba”
sa­qar­T­ve­los ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­e­bis erov­nu­li ko­mi­sia; ,,sa­qar­T­ve­los ra­dio cif­reb­sa da faq­teb­Si”;
www.gncc.ge/in­dex.php?lang_id=GEO&sec_id=50350&in­fo_id=6062
64
sta­tis­ti­ku­ri in­for­ma­cia aRe­bu­lia yo­vel­k­vi­re­u­li el-ga­mo­ce­mi­dan (#89) ACT – mar­ke­tin­gu­
li kvle­ve­bi­sa da kon­sul­ta­ci­is mo­wi­na­ve kom­pa­nia; rub­ri­ka: me­dia da ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­e­bi; ,,in­
ter­ne­tiT sar­geb­lo­ba”; /www.act.ge/in­dex.php?lang_id=GEO&sec_id=296&in­fo_id=535
ga­e­ros kvle­va ,,eleq­t­ro­nu­li mmar­T­ve­lo­bis ber­ke­te­bi eko­no­mi­kis kri­zi­sis dros”; 2010;
http://un­pan1.un.org/in­t­ra­doc/gro­ups/pub­lic/do­cu­ments/un/un­pan038851.pdf
qe­Te­van ros­ti­aS­vi­li - ,,eleq­t­ro­nu­li mmar­T­ve­lo­ba sa­qar­T­ve­lo­Si: msof­lio ten­den­ci­e­bi”;
http://www.id­fi.ge/?cat=re­se­ar­c­hes&to­pic=35&lang=ka