SIMONA GALLERANI
CURRICULUM VITAE
• Date and place of birth: 12/06/77, Bari, Italy
• Nationality: Italian
• Languages: Italian (native), English (fluent), French (basic), Spanich (basic).
• Present position:
02/01/12 to date INAF fellowship, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
• Work address:
Scuola Normale Superiore
Piazza dei Cavalieri, 7
56126, Pisa
• Postgraduate education:
24/10/07 PhD in Astrophysics, SISSA/ISAS, Trieste, Italy
Title of PhD Thesis: “Reionization signatures in quasar absorption spectra”
Supervisor: Prof. A. Ferrara (SISSA/ISAS, Trieste).
• Undergraduate education:
24/03/03 Degree in Physics with final mark 108/110, University of Padova, Italy
Title of Laurea Thesis: “Dark energy effects on the Lyα forest: numerical simulations
along multiple lines of sight”
Supervisor: Prof. S. Matarrese (University of Padova).
• Awards:
– 13/07/09 Simona Gallerani (hereafter SG) has been awarded the Gratton Prize
for the best Italian PhD Thesis in 2007-2008. The Thesis can be consulted at
the following link:
http://www.arcetri.astro.it/twiki/pub/DAVID/News/Gallerani PhD thesis.pdf
and has been published in a book (see the list of publications);
– 01/10/09 Menzione d’Onore for the PhD Thesis at the Puppi Prize;
– 01/03/08 PostDoctoral fellowship at the Italian Academy for Advanced Studies,
Columbia University, New York.
• Work experiences:
– 2006 to date SG is actively involved in the DAVID (Dark Ages VIrtual Department) research group (http://www.arcetri.astro.it/science/cosmology/);
– 2009 to date Peer Reviewer for the following journals: “Science”, “Monthly
Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society”, “Astronomy and Astrophysics”;
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– 2011 SG has been Scientist on duty for two weeks at the Plateau de Bure
Interferometer;
– 01/09/08-01/01/12 PostDoctoral fellowship, INAF, Astronomical Observatory of Rome, Rome, Italy;
– 01/11/07-31/08/08 PostDoctoral fellowship, Joint position Eotvos Lorand
University, Budapest, Hungary-Columbia University, New York, US;
– 01/05/03-31/10/03 Postgraduate fellowship at University of Padova
Program research: “Probing the dark energy through the Alcock-Paczynski test
based on the Lyα forest”
Supervisor: Prof. S. Matarrese (University of Padova).
• External appointments:
– 05/12 Visitor of the Institut de Radio Astronomie Millimetrique, Grenoble (2
weeks);
– 02/11 Long term visitor of the Institut de Radio Astronomie Millimetrique,
Grenoble (6 months);
– 04/10 Visitor of the Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa (1 week);
– 07/08 Visitor of the Astrophysical Institute, Potsdam (1 week);
– 03/08 Visitor of the Columbia University, New York, US (2 weeks);
– 11/06 Visitor of the University of Arizona, Tucson, US (2 weeks).
• Computer capabilities:
– Operative Systems: Linux, Windows, Mac;
– Programming languages: FORTRAN77, FORTRAN 90/95, SIC;
– Data analysis software: GILDAS (CLIC, MAPPING);
– Mathematical and graphical software: IDL, SuperMongo, GNUPLOT, Excel;
– Tex editors and formatting languages: Tex, Latex, Word, HTML.
• Accepted observing projects:
– 05/12 Proposal IRAM (CoI):“Mapping a quasar-driven massive outflow in the
early Universe”;
– 09/11 Proposal IRAM (CoI): “Minor mergers and quasar feedback at z=4”;
– 11/10 Proposal LBT (Principal Investigator): “First high resolution and high
quality spectrum of the most distant LoBAL quasar”;
– 10/09 Proposal ESO (Principal Investigator): “A precise measurement of the
neutral hydrogen fraction close to reionization through the Apparent Shrinking
Criterion”;
– 09/09 Proposal IRAM (CoI): “The CII-forest: a new powerful tool for cosmology”.
S. Gallerani, Curriculum Vitae
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• Grants
– PRIN MIUR 2011 “Vincoli osservativi all’evoluzione chimica delle galassie”,
P.I. F. Matteucci;
– PRIN INAF 2010 “The 1 Billion Year Old Universe: Probing Primordial
Galaxies and the Intergalactic Medium at the edge of Reionization”, P.I. V.
D’Odorico;
– PRIN MIUR 2009 “Spettroscopia millimetrica e submillimetrica per studi
ad alta risoluzione di galassie primordiali e ammassi di galassie”, P.I. P. De
Bernardis.
• Participation in national and international conferences
– 10/13 “Cosmology group workshop: DAVID” – General Meeting, Pisa, Italy
(contributed talk);
– 08/13 “Reionization in the Red Center: New windows on the high redshift
Universe”, – International Meeting, Ayers Rock, Australia (contribute talk);
– 06/13 “Galaxies vs Black holes” – International Meeting, Castellammare del
Golfo, Italy (invited talk);
– 04/13 “The Modern Radio Universe” – International Meeting, Bonn (contributed talk);
– 12/12 “The first year of ALMA science” – International Meeting, Puerto Varas,
Cile (contributed poster);
– 10/12 “Cosmology group workshop: DAVID” – General Meeting, Pisa, Italy
(contributed talk);
– 09/12 “The Interstellar Medium in High Redshift Galaxies Comes of Age” –
International Meeting, Charlottesville, Virginia, U.S.A. (contributed talk);
– 08/12 “Theoretical and Computational Astrochemistry” – International Meeting, Pisa, Italy (invited talk);
– 07/12 “Molecular gas in high redshift galaxies” – International Meeting, Rome,
Italy (contributed talk);
– 06/12 “The high redshift Universe” – National Meeting, Bologna, Italy (invited
talk);
– 04/12 “Re-ionization: when and how?” – National Meeting, Milano, Italy
(invited review talk);
– 03/12 “mm astronomy workshop” – National Meeting, Bologna, Italy (contributed poster);
– 09/11 “LBT workshop” – National Meeting, Padova, Italy (contributed talk);
– 10/11 “Cosmology group workshop: DAVID” – General Meeting, Arcetri, Italy
(contributed talk);
– 05/11 “CosmoFirstObjects” - International Meeting, Marseille, France (invited
talk);
– 11/10 “Observing with ALMA - Early Science” - International Meeting, Grenoble, France;
– 06/10 “GRB2010” - National Meeting, Palermo, Italy (invited talk);
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– 05/10 “Active Galactic Nuclei IX - Black Holes and Revelations” - National
Meeting, University of Ferrara, Italy (contributed talk);
– 05/10 “ALMA BAND5 Workshop” - International Meeting, INAF-Astronomical
Observatory of Rome, Italy (contributed talk);
– 02/10 “Cosmological Reionization” - International Meeting, Harish-Chandra
Research Institute, Allahabad, India (contributed talk);
– 02/10 “Second Roman Young Researchers Meeting” - General Meeting, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy (contributed talk);
– 10/09 “Millimetron Science and Instrumentation” - International Meeting, Observatoire de Paris, Paris, France (contributed talk);
– 07/09 “Roman Young Researchers Meeting” - General Meeting, University of
Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy (contributed talk);
– 06/09 “Current problems in extragalactic dust” - International Meeting, Copenhagen, Denmark (invited overview talk);
– 05/09 “L’Universo quattro secoli dopo Galileo”- 53rd Congresso SAIt, Pisa,
Italy (contributed talk);
– 10/08 “Cosmology group workshop: DAVID” – General Meeting, Arcetri, Italy
(contributed talk);
– 07/08 “Far away: light in the young universe at redshift beyond three” - XXIV
IAP COLLOQUIUM, Paris, France (contributed poster);
– 02/08 “The first two billion years of galaxy formation: the reionization epoch
and beyond” – International Meeting, Aspen, Colorado, US (contributed talk);
– 09/07 “Cosmology group workshop: DAVID” – General Meeting, Arcetri, Italy
(contributed talk);
– 08/07 “A century of cosmology: past, present, future” – International Meeting,
S. Servolo, Italy (contributed talk);
– 06/07 “HI survival through cosmic times” – International Meeting, Spineto,
Italy (contributed talk);
– 09/06 “Cosmology group workshop: DAVID” – General Meeting, Arcetri, Italy
(contributed talk);
– 08/06 “The Universe at z > 6” – IAU XXVIth General Assembly, Prague,
Czech Republic (contributed talk);
– 06/06 “From planets to galaxies” – General Meeting, Budapest, Hungary (contributed talk);
– 08/05 “Open questions in cosmology: the first billion years” – Joint Astronomy
Conference, Garching, Germany (contributed talk);
– 09/05 EC-RTN “The physics of the intergalactic medium” – General Meeting,
Kloster Seeon, Germany (contributed talk);
– 09/03 EC-RTN “The physics of the intergalactic medium” – General Meeting,
Ile d’Oleron, France (contributed talk);
– 09/02 EC-RTN “The physics of the intergalactic medium” – General Meeting,
Castello di Gargonza, Italy;
– 11/02 “Dark energy day” – General Meeting, Milano, Italy.
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• Seminars
– 01/14 Astrophysical Observatory of Arcetri, Firenze, Italy;
– 09/13 Institut de Radio Astronomie Millimetrique, Grenoble, France;
– 08/13 Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia;
– 04/13 Argelander Institut fur Astronomie, Bonn, Germany;
– 07/12 Astronomical Observatory of Cagliari, Capoterra, Italy;
– 05/11 Institut de Radio Astronomie Millimetrique, Grenoble, France;
– 12/08 Astronomical Observatory of Rome, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy;
– 07/08 Astrophysical Institute, Potsdam, Germany;
– 05/07 Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Garching, Germany;
– 02/07 Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain;
– 12/06 Harvard University, Cambridge, US;
– 11/06 California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, US;
– 11/06 University of Arizona, Tucson, US;
– 11/06 Columbia University, New York, US;
– 06/04 SISSA, Trieste, Italy.
• Participation in astrophysics and cosmology schools:
– 10/10 International school of Interferometry “7th IRAM Interferometry School”,
Grenoble, France;
– 09/07 National school of astrophysics, IX Course “ Fundamental physics using
Gamma Ray Bursts and the atmospheres of the terrestrial planets”, S. Servolo,
Italy;
– 08/04 “Summer school in cosmology and astroparticle physics”, Trieste, Italy;
– 09/02 National school of astrophysics, IV Course, Asiago, Italy.
SIMONA GALLERANI
RESEARCH ACTIVITY
SG has been working on several topics in theoretical and observational Cosmology and Astrophysics, dealing with the investigation of the cosmic reionization process, the study of
the evolution of dust properties with redshift, the inference of matter density fields through
absorption spectra of distant sources, the detection and characterization of early galaxies
through bright fine structure emission lines which are redshifted in the mm wavelength
range at z > 4. The main results obtained during SG’s research activity are summarized
below.
Constraints on cosmic reionization from QSO, GRB, and LAE data
We have developed a parametrized reionization model, allowing us to explore various
physically motivated reionization scenarios (Choudhury et al. 2008). In order to constrain
the cosmic reionization epoch through absorption spectra of z ∼ 6 quasars (QSOs) and
gamma ray bursts (GRBs), we have build up a model to simulate the transmitted flux in
the Lyα and Lyβ forest (Gallerani et al. 2006a) and we have compared synthetic spectra
with optical data through several statistical methods, namely the mean transmitted flux,
its probability distribution function, and the statistics of the gaps in flux (Gallerani et al.
2006a; 2008a; 2008b).
We have also used state-of-the-art 3D radiative transfer simulations to study the proximity
effect of high-z QSO HII regions (Maselli et al. 2007; 2009), and we have pioneered the
first ever detection of the transverse proximity effect in the neutral hydrogen Lyα forest
(Gallerani et al. 2008a).
Moreover, we have developed a formalism which allows to predict the strenght and the
shape of the Lyα emission line in early galaxies with the aim of studying the evolution of
the luminosity function of Lyman alpha emitters (LAEs) in the redshift range 4 < z < 6
(Dayal et al. 2008).
Contrary to previous claims, we have found that current observations of QSOs, GRBs
and LAEs are compatible with a fully ionized intergalactic medium at z ∼ 6, and suggest
that the completion of the reionization process happened at earlier epochs (Gallerani et
al. 2008c).
Evolution of dust properties through cosmic time
We have analyzed the optical/near-infrared spectra of 33 QSOs at 4 ≤ z ≤ 6 in order
to study the properties of dust extinction at high-z. We have computed a mean extinction curve (MEC, Gallerani et al. 2010a) which describes the properties of early dust and
which can be used to correctly interpret the spectral energy distribution of high-z galaxies
(Castellano et al. 2012). The MEC differs from any of the extinction curves observed at
low-z, while being in good agreement with predictions of supernovae (SNe) dust models,
suggesting that SNe are the major dust suppliers at z > 4.
We have also analyzed the afterglow spectrum of a GRB at z = 6.3 by combining X-ray
data with optical/near-infrared ones. We have found that the primeval galaxy hosting
S. Gallerani, Research activity
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To definitively assess what are the main sources of dust at these early epochs it is necessary
to compare the MEC also with theoretical predictions of extinction curves by asymptotic
giant branch stars (AGBs). However, no predictions are available so far for the reddening
properties of dust by AGB stars. We have studied the composition and grain size distributions of dust produced by this type of stars at different metallicities, which is the first
step required for computing the unknown extinction curve of AGB stars (Ventura et al.
2012a; 2012b).
Power spectra reconstruction and BAOs detection through Lyα forest data
We have developed a novel, fast technique to recover the matter density field through the
statistics of the transmitted flux in z ∼ 3 quasar absorption spectra. The proposed method
requires the computation of the probability distribution function of the transmitted flux
in the Lyα forest region and, as a sole assumption, the knowledge of the probability
distribution function of the matter density field. This technique is particularly well suited
for large scale structure studies since it allows to fastly reconstruct the matter density field
along a large number of lines of sight more than 10 Mpc long, a necessary starting point
for the detection of Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations (BAOs) through quasar absorption
spectra (Gallerani et al. 2011a).
The application of the method to N-body simulations with a large computational volume
(> Gpc3 ) has shown that the linear power spectra are nicely recovered over scales >
20 Mpc, i.e. the relevant range where features imprinted by the BAOs appear. The
detection of the BAOs with quasar absorption spectra at different redshifts will allow us
to constrain the dark energy evolution through cosmic times (Kitaura et al. 2012).
Galaxy mergers and AGN feedback in the early Universe
We have obtained one of the first resolved maps of the [CII] 158 µm emission line in the
host galaxy of a lensed quasar at z=4.4. These data allow us to resolve two [CII] lensed
images associated with the optical quasar images. We have found that the star formation,
as traced by [CII], is distributed over a region of about 1 kpc in size near the quasar
nucleus, resulting in a star formation surface density of & 450 M yr−1 kpc−2 , similar
to what is observed in local ultra luminous infrared galaxies. The map reveals another
extended (∼10 kpc) component, located at about 10 kpc from the quasar which likely
represents a companion galaxy, in the process of merging with the quasar host. These
observations suggest that galaxy merging at high-z can enhance both star formation in
the form of more compact regions, in the vicinity of the accreting black hole, and in more
extended star forming galaxies (Gallerani et al. 2012).
We have detected broad wings in the [CII] 158 µm emission line in one of the most distant
quasars (z = 6.5). The broad extent of the wings (∼1300 km s−1 ) is indicative of a quasardriven massive outflow with the highest outflow rate ever found (Ṁ > 3500 M yr−1 ).
At this rate the outflow can clear the gas in the host galaxy, and therefore quench star
formation, in a few million years. Such a fast and efficient quenching mechanism, already
at work at z>6, is what is required by models to explain the properties of massive, old
and passive galaxies observed in the local Universe and at z ∼ 2 (Maiolino et al. 2012).
SIMONA GALLERANI
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS
• Papers in refereed journals:
1. J. González-López, D. Riechers, R. Decarli, F. Walter, L. Vallini, R. Neri,
F. Bertoldi, A. Bolatto, C. L. Carilli, P. Cox, E. da Cunha, A. Ferrara, S.
Gallerani, L. Infante, “Search for [CII] emission in z=6.5-11 star-forming galaxies”, 2014, accepted for pubblication in ApJ, arXiv: 1410.3228
2. P. Ventura, F. Dell’Agli M., R. Schneider, M. Di Criscienzo, C. Rossi, F. La
Franca, S. Gallerani, R. Valiante, “Dust from AGBs: relevant factors and modelling uncertainties”, 2014, accepted for pubblication in MNRAS, arXiv:1401.1332
3. L. Vallini, S. Gallerani, A. Ferrara, S. Baek, “Far-infrared line emission from
high-redshift galaxies”, 2013, MNRAS, 433, 1567.
4. V. D’Odorico, G. Cupani, S. Cristiani, R. Maiolino, P. Molaro, M. Nonino,
M. Centurion, A. Cimatti, S. Di Serego Alighiero, F. Fiore, A. Fontana, S.
Gallerani, E. Giallongo, F. Mannucci, A. Marconi, L. Pentericci, M. Viel, G.
Vladilo, “Metals in the IGM approaching the reionization epoch: results from
X-shooter at the VLT”, 2013, MNRAS, 435, 1198.
5. M. Di Criscienzo, F. Dell’Agli, P. Ventura, R. Schneider, R. Valiante, F. La
Franca, C. Rossi, S. Gallerani, R. Maiolino, “Dust formation in the winds of
AGBs: the contribution at low metallicities”, 2013, MNRAS, 433, 313.
6. S. Gallerani, R. Neri, R. Maiolino, S. Martı́n, C. De Breuck, F. Walter, P.
Caselli, M. Krips, M. Meneghetti, T. Nagao, J. Wagg, M. Walmsley, “Resolved
[CII] emission in a lensed quasar at z=4.4”, 2012, A & A, 543, id.A114.
7. R. Maiolino, S. Gallerani, R. Neri, C. Cicone, A. Ferrara, R. Genzel, D. Lutz,
E. Sturn, L. J. Tacconi, F. Walter, C. Feruglio, F. Fiore, E. Piconcelli, “Evidence
of strong quasar feedback in the early Universe”, 2012, MNRAS, 425, L66
8. M. Castellano, A. Fontana, A. Grazian, L. Pentericci, P. Santini, A. Koekmoer,
S. Cristiani, A. Galametz, S. Gallerani, E. Vanzella, K. Boutsia, S. Gallozzi, E.
Giallongo, R. Maiolino, N. Menci, D. Paris, “The blue UV slope of z∼4 Lyman
break galaxies: implications for the corrected star formation rate density”, 2012,
A & A, 540, A39
S. Gallerani, List of publications
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9. P. Ventura, M. Di Criscienzo, R. Schneider, R. Carini, R. Valiante, F. D’Antona,
S. Gallerani, R. Maiolino, A. Tornambé, “Dust formation around asymptotic
giant branch and super-asymptotic giant branch stars: a trend with metallicity?”, 2012a, MNRAS, 424, 2345
10. P. Ventura, M. Di Criscienzo, R. Schneider, R. Carini, R. Valiante, F. D’Antona,
S. Gallerani, R. Maiolino, A. Tornambé, “The transition from carbon dust
to silicate production in low-metallicity asymptotic giant branch and superasymptotic giant branch stars”, 2012b, MNRAS, 420, 1442
11. F. S. Kitaura, S. Gallerani, A. Ferrara, “Multiscale inference of matter fields
and baryon acoustic oscillations from the Lyα forest”, 2012, MNRAS, 420, 61
12. S. Gallerani, F. S. Kitaura, A. Ferrara, “Cosmic density field reconstruction
from Lyα forest data”, 2011a, MNRAS, 413, L6
13. S. Gallerani, “The proximity effect around high redshift quasars”, 2011b, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 280, 012008
14. S. Gallerani, “What can we learn from quasar absorption spectra?”, 2011c,
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 280, 012003
15. V. D’Odorico, G. Cupani, S. Cristiani, R. Maiolino, P. Molaro, M. Nonino, A.
Cimatti, S. Di Serego Alighiero, F. Fiore, A. Fontana, S. Gallerani, E. Giallongo, F. Mannucci, A. Marconi, L. Pentericci, M. Viel, G. Vladilo, “Optical-NIR
spectra of quasars close to reionization (z ∼ 6)”, 2011, AN, 332, 315
16. G. Stratta, S. Gallerani, R. Maiolino, “Is GRB 050904 at z = 6.3 absorbed by
dust?”, 2011, A & A, 532, A45
17. S. Gallerani, Maiolino R., Juarez Y., Nagao T., Marconi A., Bianchi S., Schneider R., Mannucci F., Oliva T., Willott C. J., Jiang L., Fan X., “The extinction
law at high redshift and its implications”, 2010a, A & A, 523, 85.
18. A. Maselli, A. Ferrara, S. Gallerani, “Interpreting the transmission windows of
distant quasars”, 2009, MNRAS, 395, 1925.
19. S. Gallerani, A. Ferrara, X. Fan, T. Roy Choudhury, “Glimpsing through the
high-redshift neutral hydrogen fog, 2008a, MNRAS, 386, 359.
20. S. Gallerani, R. Salvaterra, A. Ferrara, T. Roy Choudhury, “Testing reionization with Gamma Ray Bursts absorption spectra”, 2008b, MNRAS, 388, L84.
21. S. Gallerani, A. Ferrara, X. Fan, T. Roy Choudhury, “Was the universe neutral
beyond redshift six?”, 2008c, Il Nuovo Cimento B, 122, 977.
S. Gallerani, List of publications
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22. T. Roy Choudhury, A. Ferrara, S. Gallerani, “On the minimum mass of reionization sources”, 2008, MNRAS, 385, L58.
23. P. Dayal, A. Ferrara, S. Gallerani, “Signatures of reionization on Lyman Alpha
Emitters”, 2008, MNRAS, 389, 1683.
24. A. Maselli, S. Gallerani, A. Ferrara, T. Roy Choudhury, “On the size of HII
regions around high redshift quasars”, 2007, MNRAS, 376, L34.
25. S. Gallerani, T. Roy Choudhury, A. Ferrara, “Constraining the reionization
history with quasars absorption spectra”, 2006a, MNRAS, 370, 3.
• Submitted papers:
1. S. Gallerani, A. Ferrara, R. Neri, R. Maiolino, “First CO(17–16) emission line
detection in a quasar 860 million years after the Big Bang”, submitted to Science
2. A. Pallottini, A. Ferrara, S. Gallerani, S. Salvadori, V. D’Odorico, “Simulating
cosmic metal enrichment by the first galaxies”, submitted to MNRAS.
3. R. Maiolino, A. Fontana, L. Vallini, L. Pentericci, A. Ferrara, E. Vanzella, A.
Grazian, S. Gallerani, M. Castellano, S. Cristiani, R. Williams, P. Santini, J.
Wagg, “Far-IR line emission reveals the assemply of a primeval galaxy 740 Myr
after the Big Bang”, submitted to Nature.
• Books:
1. S. Gallerani, “Reionization signatures in quasar absortion spectra”, 2011, LAP
Lambert Academic Publishing
• Proceedings:
1. S. Gallerani, “Far infra-red emission lines in high redshift quasars”, proceedings of the NRAO meeting: The Interstellar Medium in High Redshift galaxies
Comes of Age, September 2012
2. G. Stratta, S. Gallerani, R. Maiolino, “Is GRB 050904 at z = 6.3 absorbed by
dust?”, proceedings of Memorie della Societa’ Astronomica Italiana Supplement,
2012
3. S. Gallerani, A. Ferrara, T. Roy Choudhury, X. Fan, R. Salvaterra, P. Dayal,
“Constraining cosmic reionization with quasar, gamma-ray burst and Lyα emitters observations”, proceedings of Memorie della Societa’ Astronomica Italiana
Supplement, 2010b
4. R. Salvaterra, S. Campana, G. Chincarini, T. Roy Choudhury, S. Covino, A. Ferrara, S. Gallerani, C. Guidorzi, G. Tagliaferri, “The luminosity function of long
Gamma Ray Bursts and their rate at z > 6”, proceedings of IAU Symposium
255 ”Low-metallicity star formation: from the first stars to dwarf galaxies”, 2008
S. Gallerani, List of publications
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5. S. Gallerani, T. Roy Choudhury, A. Ferrara, “Re-ionization imprints in high-z
QSO spectra”, proceedings of IAU XXVIth General Assembly “The Universe at
z>6”, 2006b
6. A. Maselli, S. Gallerani, A. Ferrara, T. Roy Choudhury, “On the size of HII
regions around high redshift quasars”, proceedings of IAU XXVIth General Assembly “The Universe at z>6”, 2006