Agenzia per la promozione all’estero e
l’internazionalizzazione delle imprese italiane
MARKET REPORT
CHINESE EYEWEAR
February 2012
2012
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Agenzia per la promozione all’estero e
l’internazionalizzazione delle imprese italiane
CHINESE MARKET OF EYEWEAR INDUSTRY
1. Description of eyewear industry
Eyewear industry in China has been fast developed in past decades. There
are over 6,000 large- and medium-sized eyewear manufacturers and over
30,000 optometrist and optician shops with large capacity. According to
the latest official statistics, China's level and volume of eyewear
consumption continue to grow rapidly.
It is estimated that more than 400 million populations need to wear
spectacles. The demand of spectacles exceeds 100 million of pieces per
year1 on average, which makes China the biggest glasses market in the
world and possesses huge market potential.
China is not only the largest potential eyewear market in the world but
also a leading eyewear producer. The total output value of China’s
spectacle industry reached USD30 billion in 2009, and USD34 billion in
2010. The output occupies 80% of the world total production in
middle-low eyewear market.
The rapid development of eyewear trade is a result of the outstanding
advantages of domestic market. In 2010, the retail sales reached RMB 40
billion.
1
China Optometric and Optical Association
2
Agenzia per la promozione all’estero e
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2. Production
China is one of most important eyewear produce base in the world. There are
more than 6,000 enterprises engaging in spectacle production, among which
about 20% enterprises fulfilled 100 million annual outputs.
Domestic spectacle manufacturers mainly spread over in Central-East China. At
present, main eyewear manufacture bases in China are located in Danyang
(Jiangsu Province), Wenzhou (Zhejiang Province), Xiamen (Fujian Province), and
Guangdong Province. In addition, many world-famous enterprises invest to
establish factories in Shanghai and Beijing areas.
Among these manufacture bases, Guangdong Province mainly produces high-end
spectacle frames as an OEM (Original Equipment Manufacture) manufacture base;
Xiamen mainly produces sunglasses; Wenzhou is specialized in producing middle
and low end spectacle frames; and Danyang is the biggest manufacture base of
optical lenses. With about 700 enterprises and 60 thousand employees, the
output of Danyang accounts for one-third of total China, and export value covers
60% of total.
As for the nature of business, foreign funded and overseas Chinese-funded
enterprises (from Hong Kong, Taiwan e Macao) account for the largest
proportion. Besides, there are more private small enterprises than large and
medium enterprises.
In currently product structure, the majority of manufacturers are engaged in the
production or trading of OEM (Original Equipment Manufacture) which is at the
downstream of industrial chain. Although some of makers have their own
medium-high brands targeting, the market is lack of high -end designs with high
technology and quality. Few domestic manufacturers possess their own Research
and Development Centers and most of them get technology transfer from
foreign partners by purchasing related equipment.
Current product structure can not satisfied consumer demands of different level
and obviously provide a good market opportunity for high-end eyewear products
from foreign country.
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Agenzia per la promozione all’estero e
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3. Consumption
China is the biggest eyewear consumer market, with more than 300 million
people wearing eyewear products. As the renewal period is calculated by 3 years,
the annual demand for spectacle will reach 100 million pairs, with 10% increase
rate of annual sales year by year2.
It is calculated that 90% of middle aged and elderly Chinese get spectacles fitted.
80% college students need spectacles. The potential demands for both optical
glasses and reading glasses are keeping increase. This high renewal rate of
spectacles and rising fashion trend for sunglasses make individual consumers
possess more and more eyewear products.
Also the market for children is another interesting area. For example, since
Chinese parents are willing to spend on spectacle products with high quality, kid
consumer group is one sector that gets more and more concern. The market
research shows that enhancing optometry accuracy and improving product
quality are two key points for kid consumer group.
In recent years, the consumption for contact lenses is rapidly growth owing to
the more important role of lenses in fashion. The age group of consumers who
wear contact lenses is continually enlarged, from the original 18 to 35 year-old
group expands into 15 to 49 year-old now. With the publishing of correction
contact lenses and bifocal contact lenses, this age group will expand into 12 to 65
year-old group.
4. Market trends
Nowadays consumers give more attention to health and well being, caring a lot
about aesthetics of eyewear design and diversification. This causes spectacles
have evolved from functional items into fashion accessories. On the basis of
emphasizes on the quality, consumers get more attention to decorate function
and technical content. The market trend is towards individuation, with the brand
and high-end products.
The product trend is towards more diversification in eyewear design. This
2
China Optometric and Optical Association
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Agenzia per la promozione all’estero e
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diversity finds expression in the variety of products and the design of frames and
legs. Different types of materials are used, with attention to the functionality,
complementarily and environmental friendliness of the materials. Combined
plastic and metal frames, nature-inspired patterns and frame adornments are the
top trends. Fashionable frames, sunglasses and color contact lenses are also
trends in recent years.
Italian, French and Japanese brands still lead international high-end markets.
Luxury brands are producing diamond-studded and carat gold frames and frames
with openwork designs for the fashion-conscious. Take the example of sunglass
market, a research by Chinese eyewear industry website3 showed that the top
five leading brands in sales and market share are as following: PROSON, PORTS,
PORPOISE (Local), and Gucci. We can say that the high-end market is mainly
occupied by foreign brands. In another word, global eyewear brands are more
attractive to Chinese consumers.
5. Market opportunities for Italian eyewear
More and more foreign companies intent to enter Chinese market. Some foreign
companies seek for partnership opportunities with Chinese chain stores
notwithstanding that the existing ones are confined to the big cities and are
much smaller in scale, comparing with their foreign counterparts, while some
leading manufacturers, such as the Luxottica Group and HAL Investments (Asia)
BV, have entered the Chinese market through acquisition.
As one of best example of “Made in Italy”, Italian eyewear products always show
their high quality and innovative design in the world, and therefore have long
established its stand in the high-end market in China.
Italian eyewear companies have been developed in Chinese market since several
years ago. Just to give an example, Safilo is one of the earliest one who come
into the Asia market. Since 2003, it established their own company in Shenzhen
to distribute their brands in China and has already opened their manufacture
base in Suzhou in 2009. In addition, it also established a trading company in
Shenzhen in charge of retail business over the country.
3
http://www.chinaglassesonline.com
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Luxottica, the world’s biggest eyewear manufacture, came to China through the
acquisition of Ming Liang (Beijing) since 2005, and then purchased Ming Lang
(Guangdong) and Modern Optical (Shanghai). In past years, it established a new
retailer brand-LensCrafters-as high-end brand in most affluent cities, including.
Till 2011, LensCrafters has built a net work of 300 shops on the mainland.
As for the Italian companies entering the Chinese market, main competition
comes from Italian companies themselves and eyewear companies from other
countries, like German, France, Japan and USA.
6. Chinese Import
From 2009 to 2011, China’s optical import has been continuously growing. The
total value of import was USD 244.76 million in 2009, USD 389.35 million in 2010
and USD 501.15 million in 2011, with increase of 28.7% on the last year. Lenses
and sunglass are two main imported eyewear products.
2009
2011
Chart 1: Value of Chinese Spectacle Import from world 200
9-20
11
600.00
World
Millions in US$
500.00
Spectacle Lenses Of
Materials Other Than
Glass
400.00
300.00
Sunglasses
200.00
100.00
Contact Lenses
0.00
2009
2010
2011
Sourcing from: World Trade Atlas
In recently 3 years from 2009 to 2011, Italy, Japan and South Korea were always
the top three countries by import value. In 2011, the total import value from
the mentioned three countries accounted by 38.6% of total value of the country,
in which 23.3% of Italy with an amount of USD 116.52 million, 10.0% of Japan
with an amount of USD 49.98 million and 5.3% of South Korea with an amount
of USD 26.57 million. Comparing with 2010, the import value from Italy was
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increased 49.3% in 2011.
2009
2011
Chart 2: Value of Chinese Spectacle Import from main five Countries 200
9-20
11
140.00
Millions in US$
120.00
Italy
100.00
Japan
80.00
Korea, South
60.00
United States
40.00
Ireland
20.00
0.00
2009
2010
2011
Sourcing from: World Trade Atlas
6.1 Chinese Import from Italy
Italy is always the largest supplier of Chinese market, with significant increase
year by year. From 2009 to 2011, Italy exported to China USD 49.52 million, 78.03
million and 116.52 million respectively. In 2011, the annual growth was of 49.3%,
reflected a positive performance in 2010.
Concerning the products imported from Italy, in the recent three years,
sunglasses (HS 900410) was always the top one category by importation value,
followed by parts for frames (HS900390) and spectacle lenses (HS900150). In 2011,
the import value of the mentioned 3 categories covered 79.3% of total import
value from Italy, of which 57.7% is represented by the first category with an
amount of USD 67.21 million, 12.1% from the second category with and amount
of USD 14.07 million and 9.5 % from the third category with USD 11.12 million.
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Chart 3: Main Category of Chinese
2011
Chinese Spectacle Import from Italy 2009
2009-20
11
Sunglasses
80.00
Millions in US$
70.00
60.00
Parts Of Frames And
Mountings For
Spectacles, Gogg
50.00
40.00
30.00
Spectacle Lenses Of
Materials Other
Than Glass
20.00
10.00
0.00
2009
2010
2011
Frames And
Mountings For
Spectacles, Goggles
Sourcing from: World Trade Atlas
Sunglasses and parts of frames are two main products that always represent most
fashion trend as good example of “Made in Italy”. The demand is therefore
continually increased in Chinese market.
Sunglasses (HS900410) were the major import product among other optical
products. In 2011, the total import value of sunglasses from the world was USD
95.28 million, with an increase of 68.5% on the last year, of which 57.7% was
imported from Italy, with an amount of USD 67.21 million and an increase of
28.92% in 2011. Italy was ranked in the first place.
Parts of frames also kept a significant growth in 2011. The total import value of
parts of frames (HS900390) from Italy was USD 14.07 million, represented a
26.1% increase over 2010.
For figures, please read APPENDIX 1
7. Chinese Export
In recent years, the total export value of Chinese spectacle products is continually
growing, from USD 2221.20 million in 2009, USD 3030.97 million in 2010 and USD
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3348.04 million in 2011. The total export value was increased 10.5% on the last
year.
Chart 4 Value of Chinese Spectacle Export to World 2009-2011
4000.00
World
Millions in US$
3500.00
3000.00
Sunglasses
2500.00
2000.00
Spectacles, Goggles
And The Like,
Corrective, Prot
1500.00
1000.00
500.00
0.00
2009
2010
2011
Frames And Mountings
For Spectacles, Goggles
Or Th
Sourcing from: World Trade Atlas
In 2011, the main five countries that China export spectacles are United States,
Hong Kong, Italy, Japan and Germany.
Chart 5 Value of Chinese Spectacle Export from Main 5 Countries 2009
2011
2009-20
11
800.00
Millions in US$
700.00
600.00
United States
500.00
Hong Kong
400.00
Italy
300.00
Japan
200.00
Germany
100.00
0.00
2009
2010
2011
Sourcing from: World Trade Atlas
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Regarding exportation share by value of different categories, in 2011, sunglasses
(HS900410) was the first with total amount of USD 1003.45 million, accounting
for 30.0% of total exportation value, followed by spectacles, goggles (HS 900490)
and frames & mountings for spectacles, goggles (HS900319), covering
respectively 25.0% and 18.2% with amount USD 837.82 million and USD 609.23
million. In recent three years, the export value of these three categories is
continually increased and still keeping on the top three positions.
7.1 Chinese export to Italy
With the development of Chinese eyewear industry, China increased sharply its
export to Italy in the last years. From 2009 to 2011 the sales have reached
respectively USD 152.01 million, 266.52 million and 309.01 million. The total
export value to Italy was increased 15.9% on the last year, ranking in 3rd place as
client of China.
Concerning the products exported to Italy, in 2008 the top three categories were
frames and mountings for spectacles of plastics (HS900319), frames and
mountings for spectacles of other materials (HS900311), sunglasses (HS900410).
2009
2011
Chart 6 Main Category of Chinese Spectacle Export to Italy 200
9-20
11
Millions in US$
120.00
100.00
Frames And Mountings For
Spectacles, Goggles Or Th
80.00
Frames And Mountings For
Spectacles, Goggles Or Th
Sunglasses
60.00
40.00
Parts Of Frames And Mountings
For Spectacles, Gogg
20.00
Spectacles, Goggles And The
Like, Corrective, Prot
0.00
2009
2010
2011
Sourcing from: World Trade Atlas
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In 2011, the total export value of frames and mountings for spectacles of plastics
(HS900319) was USD 96.45 million, with a decrease of 4.7% on the last year,
which covered 31.2% of total exported eyewear products to Italy.
The total export value of frames and mountings for spectacles of other materials
(HS900311) was USD 78.66 million, with an increase of 48.8% on the last year,
which covered 25.5% of total.
The export value of sunglasses (HS900410) was USD 66.99 million, with an
increase of 28.3% on the last year, which covered 21.7% of total.
For figures, please read APPENDIX 2
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8.
Distribution System
In order to penetrate into the market, Eyewear companies normally engage in
chain-store management pattern, which can be classified into 3 categories:
•
•
•
InIn -house retail chain:
chain the manufacturer sells though its own retail chain;
Franchising chain:
chain a franchising chain gathers retailers linked to suppliers
(producers or wholesalers) by a contract providing that in return of a
financial contribution, the retailer benefits from technical aid and from
the supply of goods, The franchisee cannot take part in the strategic
decisions of the franchiser;
Voluntary chain:
chain organization normally made up of a leading company
and some small and medium retailers that benefit from their cooperation
on procurement, distribution and operation and get advantages on
purchasing, information sharing and brand building.
Currently, more than 20,000 optometry and spectacles stores are conducted on a
large scale. If the branches are included, the total number is around 31,000.
Huge domestic market demand makes annual wholesale value reaching more
than 10 billion RMB. Some areas like Danyang, Wenzhou, are production bases as
well as the trading centers of eyewear products.
There are more than 30 extensive eyewear wholesale markets in China, among
which Guangzhou, Beijing, Danyang eyeglasses malls become 3 top priority
centers for distribution in China. With more than 500 spectacle agents/dealers at
home and abroad, Beijing eyeglasses center is regarded as the largest of eyewear
trading, 30% of various spectacles are exported.
Concerning more and fiercer market competition, the domestic eyewear market
will move along the following trends:
large-scale chain store pattern;
assets reorganization of retail enterprises and manufactures, linking
production directly with marketing to form an integrated supply chain;
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professional business management, for example more optometry and
spectacles stores will be opened in hospital and supported by
ophthalmology departments;
due to the lack of R&D capability and technology, currently the profits of
domestic enterprises mainly come from processing trade.
9. Government policies and regulatory environment
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of
P.R.C. have carried out the work of inspecting eyewear manufacturing and fitting.
Since April 2004, manufacture license for eyewear products and qualification
certificate for optometrist are indispensable.
When entering eyewear industry, foreign merchant must pay attention to the
Chinese eyewear industry standards. Imported spectacle products are required to
comply with certain safety and quality requirements. Compulsory standards by
national begin with GB and Compulsory standards by China Light industrial
Products and Art-Crafts Enterprises begin with QB. In addition, government also
encourage to adopt recommendatory standards which start with “/T”.
These stands specify the product classification, technical requirement, test
methods, inspection rules, marking issues and so on. The index of related
standards is as following:
T he Number of Standard
GB/T14214-2003
GB/T14148-1993
GB/T9105-1988
GB13511-1999
GB10810-2005
GB11417.1-1989
GB11417.2-1989
QB2457-1999
QB2506-2001
GB19192-2003
Name of Standard
Spectacle frames-General requirements
and test methods
Glass blank of ophthalmic lenses
Glass blank of photochromic spectacles
Assembled spectacles
Spectacle lenses
Hard corneal contact lens
Soft corneal contact lens
Sun glass
Optical resin lens
Hygienic standard for contact lens care solution
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Since 2006, the government states that enterprise who distributes contact lens
must have the “Production Enterpriser License of Medical Instrument” and
contact lens products including contact lens nursing liquid must have
“Registration Certificate for Medical Device”.
February 9, 2009, the Standardization Administration of The People’s Republic of
China (SAC) has launched a national standard, “Ophthalmic Optics, instruments
and visual aids”. The standard specifies the optical, mechanical requirements and
test methods of optical visual aids, including optical devices with electrical
components (e.g. lighting). The standard applies to the manufactures which
provide low vision visual aids for these visually impaired, but not to the electrical
low vision visual aids.
Moreover, due to the big drop of duty rates on raw materials, cancellation of
non-tax protection, environment protection standards put forwarded by WTO,
Chinese eyewear products will become less competitive in terms of price, and all
these will lay negative impact on Chinese eyewear industry.
10. Conclusions
China’s level and volume of eyewear consumption continue to grow rapidly; both
supply market and demand market are increasing.
The market is already saturated with low-end designs, making it difficult for
many suppliers to compete. The competition is therefore concentrate on
high-end designs. Some famous brands as Jiangsu Wanxin and Zhejiang Haitun
are popular in domestic market, but in Chinese market it still lacks name brands
and high-end eyewear products.
Although domestic eyewear industry is developing rapidly in recent years, it’s still
lagging behind that of western countries in terms of R&D capability and
technology innovation. In another side, many local producers have enhanced
brand awareness and making efforts to improve their design and management
capability.
The Italian companies wishing to penetrate into Chinese market have several
options available: establishing partnership with local enterprises for production,
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find suitable partner for distribution or setting-up their own factories and sales
network. As for market strategies, trying to change consumer habits will be an
effective way to consider, but expensive and time-consuming. Furthermore,
building brand image and help consumers to reinforce fashion concept on
eyewear are also very important. The emphasis is on how to attract customers by
providing good service and building customer loyalty.
In order to build brand recognition as well as expand the market share in China,
it is needed in any case, a very strong effort with a long-tem approach in terms of
investment, marketing strategy and communication activities.
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STATISTICS
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Appendix 1: China Import
China Total Import by country 2009 – 2011
2011
Millions of US Dollars
%
Country
Rank
/Region
Value
2009
% Share
2010
2011
Change
2009
2010
2011
11/10
World
244.76
389.35
501.15
100.0
100.0
100.0
28.7
1
Italy
49.52
78.03
116.52
20.2
20.0
23.3
49.3
2
Japan
22.44
32.30
49.98
9.2
8.3
10.0
54.7
11.84
16.88
26.57
4.8
4.3
5.3
57.4
Korea,
3
South
United
4
States
8.01
12.45
22.19
3.3
3.2
4.4
78.3
5
Ireland
14.30
18.79
22.18
5.8
4.8
4.4
18.1
6
Thailand
11.24
12.73
21.69
4.6
3.3
4.3
70.4
7
Germany
8.76
15.05
21.40
3.6
3.9
4.3
42.1
8
Taiwan
9.86
16.36
20.22
4.0
4.2
4.0
23.6
9
France
13.65
19.38
18.90
5.6
5.0
3.8
-2.5
10
Hong Kong
25.54
18.94
13.73
10.4
4.9
2.7
-27.5
Sourcing from: World Trade Atlas
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China Total Import by product
pro duct 2009 – 2011
Millions of US Dollars
%
HS
Code
Value
Description
World
2009
2010
% Share
2011
Change
2009
2010
2011
11/10
244.76
389.35
501.15
100.0
100.0
100.0
28.7
Spectacle Lenses Of
Materials Other
900150
Than Glass
71.39
90.07
124.34
29.2
23.1
24.8
38.1
900410
Sunglasses
34.76
56.54
95.28
14.2
14.5
19.0
68.5
900130
Contact Lenses
37.26
43.02
65.75
15.2
11.1
13.1
52.8
11.87
72.15
59.70
4.9
18.5
11.9
-17.3
41.66
47.54
59.58
17.0
12.2
11.9
25.3
37.23
53.69
53.56
15.2
13.8
10.7
-0.2
8.34
17.99
30.71
3.4
4.6
6.1
70.7
2.25
8.35
12.22
0.9
2.2
2.4
46.3
Spectacles, Goggles
And The Like,
900490
Corrective, Prot
Frames And
Mountings For
Spectacles, Goggles
900319
Or Th
Parts Of Frames
And Mountings For
900390
Spectacles, Gogg
Frames And
Mountings For
Spectacles, Goggles
900311
Or Th
Spectacle Lenses Of
900140
Glass
Sourcing from: World Trade Atlas
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China Import from Italy by Product 2009
2009 – 2011
2011
Millions of US Dollars
%
HS
Code
900410
Value
Description
2009
% Share
2010
2011
Change
2009
2010
2011
11/10
Italy
49.52
78.03
116.52
20.2
20.0
23.3
49.3
Sunglasses
22.81
43.11
67.21
46.1
55.3
57.7
55.9
12.57
11.16
14.07
25.4
14.3
12.1
26.1
9.28
11.56
11.12
18.8
14.8
9.5
-3.8
2.17
4.28
9.42
4.4
5.5
8.1
120.1
0.02
3.81
7.46
0.0
4.9
6.4
95.5
2.60
3.97
7.08
5.3
5.1
6.1
78.1
Parts Of Frames
And Mountings For
900390
Spectacles, Gogg
Spectacle Lenses Of
Materials Other
900150
Than Glass
Frames And
Mountings For
Spectacles, Goggles
900311
Or Th
Spectacle Lenses Of
900140
Glass
Frames And
Mountings For
Spectacles, Goggles
900319
Or Th
Spectacles, Goggles
And The Like,
900490
Corrective, Prot
0.07
0.12
0.16
0.1
0.2
0.1
30.5
900130
Contact Lenses
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Sourcing from: World Trade Atlas
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Appendix 2: China Export
China
China Total Export by country 2009
2009 – 2011
20 11
Millions of US Dollars
%
Country
Rank
/Region
World
Value
% Share
Change
2009
2010
2011
2009
2010
2011
11/10
2221.20
3030.97
3348.04
100.0
100.0
100.0
10.5
United
1
States
465.52
679.65
748.07
21.0
22.4
22.3
10.1
2
Hong Kong
412.05
423.41
494.51
18.6
14.0
14.8
16.8
3
Italy
152.01
266.52
309.01
6.8
8.8
9.2
15.9
4
Japan
95.17
159.55
168.36
4.3
5.3
5.0
5.5
5
Germany
92.06
117.56
134.36
4.2
3.9
4.0
14.3
United
6
Kingdom
100.91
147.51
124.26
4.5
4.9
3.7
-15.8
7
Russia
75.82
122.19
120.18
3.4
4.0
3.6
-1.6
8
India
58.73
77.29
99.73
2.6
2.6
3.0
29.0
9
France
65.45
80.60
98.21
3.0
2.7
2.9
21.9
52.49
106.89
95.49
2.4
3.5
2.9
-10.7
Korea,
10
South
Sourcing from: World Trade Atlas
20
Agenzia per la promozione all’estero e
l’internazionalizzazione delle imprese italiane
China Total Export by product in 2009
200 9 – 2011
2011
Millions of US Dollars
%
HS
Code
900410
Value
Description
% Share
S hare
Change
2009
2010
2011
2009
2010
2011
11/10
World
2221.20
3030.97
3348.04
100.0
100.0
100.0
10.5
Sunglasses
714.59
897.98
1003.45
32.2
29.6
30.0
11.7
564.61
895.76
837.82
25.4
29.6
25.0
-6.5
421.47
547.78
609.23
19.0
18.1
18.2
11.2
332.20
391.20
504.72
15.0
12.9
15.1
29.0
95.57
166.97
251.50
4.3
5.5
7.5
50.6
56.11
90.51
94.35
2.5
3.0
2.8
4.2
Spectacles, Goggles
And The Like,
900490
Corrective, Prot
Frames And
Mountings For
Spectacles, Goggles
900319
Or Th
Spectacle Lenses Of
Materials Other
900150
Than Glass
Frames And
Mountings For
Spectacles, Goggles
900311
Or Th
Parts Of Frames
And Mountings For
900390
Spectacles, Gogg
Spectacle Lenses Of
900140
Glass
32.57
34.77
40.31
1.5
1.2
1.2
15.9
900130
Contact Lenses
4.08
5.99
6.66
0.2
0.2
0.2
11.3
Sourcing from: World Trade Atlas
21
Agenzia per la promozione all’estero e
l’internazionalizzazione delle imprese italiane
China Export to Italy by Product 2009
2009 – 2011
20 11
Millions of US Dollars
%
HS
Code
Value
Description
Italy
2009
2010
% Share
2011
Change
2009
2010
2011
11/10
152.01
266.52
309.01
6.8
8.8
9.2
15.9
45.31
101.25
96.45
29.8
38.0
31.2
-4.7
Frames And
Mountings For
Spectacles, Goggles
900319
Or Th
Frames And
Mountings For
Spectacles, Goggles
900311
Or Th
21.93
52.85
78.66
14.4
19.8
25.5
48.8
900410
Sunglasses
36.71
52.21
66.99
24.2
19.6
21.7
28.3
16.39
28.25
29.74
10.8
10.6
9.6
5.3
20.67
18.11
21.44
13.6
6.8
6.9
18.4
9.17
11.84
10.87
6.0
4.4
3.5
-8.2
Parts Of Frames
And Mountings For
900390
Spectacles, Gogg
Spectacles, Goggles
And The Like,
900490
Corrective, Prot
Spectacle Lenses Of
Materials Other
900150
Than Glass
Spectacle Lenses Of
900140
Glass
1.38
1.72
4.35
0.9
0.7
1.4
153.3
900130
Contact Lenses
0.45
0.29
0.50
0.3
0.1
0.2
75.6
Sourcing from: World Trade Atlas
22
Agenzia per la promozione all’estero e
l’internazionalizzazione delle imprese italiane
Appendix 3: Eyewear Custom Duties
Code
Description
90013000
90014010
Contact lenses
Spectacle lenses of glass, Photochromic
Sunglasses
lenses
of
glass,
not
90014091
photochromic
Spectacle lenses of glass ,nes, not
90014099
photochromic
Spectable lenses of other materials,
90015010
photochromic
Sunglasses lenses of other materials, not
90015091
photochromic
Spectacle lenses of other materials, nes,
90015099
not photochromic
Frames and Mountings for spectacles,
90031100 goggles
or the like, of plastic
Frames and Mountings for spectacles,
90031900
goggles or like, of other materials
Parts for frames and mountings for
90039000
spectacles, goggles or the like
90041000 Sunglasses
90049010 Photochromic spectacles
90049090 Spectacles, goggles and the like, nes
Sourcing from: China Customs 2011
Remark:
MFN: Most-favored-Nation treatment
VAT:
Value Added Tax
ED:
Export Rebates
23
MFN
%
10
20
ED%
VAT%
15
15
17
17
20
15
17
20
15
17
20
15
17
20
15
17
20
15
17
18
15
17
10
0
17
10
15
17
20
16
20
15
15
15
17
17
17