List of the tested bioclimatic indices ∑ (T max veraison − Tmin ) 25.0 25.0 20.0 20.0 15.0 15.0 10.0 10.0 5.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 01 -a p 04 r -a p 07 r -a p 10 r -a p 13 r -a p 16 r -a p 07 r -a g 10 o -a g 13 o -a g 16 o -a go IF = harvest 30.0 IF Budapest, 24th November 2008 Tmin Tmax IF (°C) Growing Degree Days (GDD) above different threshold temperatures Winkler Index IW (Ts = 10 °C) Gladstones Index IG (Ts = 10 °C), cut off at 19 °C Huglin Index IH (Ts = 10°C) Sum of daily temperature excursion Fregoni Index IF 30.0 Tavg (°C) • • • • • • List of the tested bioclimatic indices • • • • Ribereau-Gayon-Peynaud Index RGP Heliothermic Index Branas Ih Sun Hours Sum Ie Global radiation Sum Ir 31 ottobre RGP = ∑ (max Tavg − 10;0 − Pioggia ) Ih = ∑ (max Tavg − 10;0 ⋅ insolazione) 1aprile 1aprile 31 ottobre 31ottobre Ie = 31 ottobre ∑ 1aprile insolazione Ir = ∑ radiazione globale 1 aprile Budapest, 24th November 2008 Chemical-Analytical data • • • • • • • • • • °Brix pH Total Acidity Malic Acid Tartaric Acid Ripening Index IM=Brix/(Tartaric Acid*Malic Acid) ln[Total Acidity] ln[Malic Acid] ln[Tartaric Acid] ln[IM] Budapest, 24th November 2008 Example of pluriannual ripening data (Pinot noir) Appezzamenti CodAppezzamento VITIGNO CC_NAME CH MO 5-1 Chardonnay Ravina CH MO 5-2 Chardonnay Ravina Dati analitici CodAppezzamento Data pH Brix CH MO 5-1 24/07/07 13 CH MO 5-2 30/07/07 14.54 CH MO 5-3 06/08/07 17.08 Chemical-analytical data Budapest, 24th November 2008 Pluriannual trend of the bioclimatic index GDD10 6/08/07 Budapest, 24th November 2008 18/12/08 Meteorological data °GDD Extraction of the GDD10 value for each sampling date 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 01/10/00 13/02/02 28/06/03 09/11/04 24/03/06 Sampling date Budapest, 24th November 2008 06/08/07 X/Y Plot GDD10 vs.°Brix Budapest, 24th November 2008 Statistical analysis: pearson correlation coefficients Corr. Pearson r °Brix pH TotAc MalicAc TartaricAc IM=B/(AcT*AcM) ln[TotAc] JD Σ GDD(Ts=10°C) = IW Σ GDD(Ts=19°C) Huglin Gladstones Fregoni Σ ET 01/06 RGP Branas Σ Ie Σ rain ΣIr ΣId Budapest, 24th November 2008 ln[MalicAc] ln[TartaricAc] ln[IM] Statistical analysis: pearson correlation coefficients Corr. Pearson rr PEARSON °Brix °Brix pH pH AcTot TotAc MalicAc TartaricAc IM=B/(AcT*AcM) ln[TotalAc] MalicAc TartaricAc IM=B/(AcT*AcM) ln[TotAc] ln[MalicAc] ln[MalicAc] ln[TartaricAc] ln[TartaricAc] ln[IM] ln[IM] JD JD GDD (Ts=10°C) ==IW Σ GDD(Ts=10°C) IW GDD Σ GDD(Ts=19°C) Indice Huglin Huglin Indice Gladstones Gladstones Indice Fregoni Fregoni Escursione Σ ET 01/06 termica 01/06 0.93 0.88 -0.82 -0.80 -0.74 0.76 -0.88 -0.84 -0.83 0.90 0.94 0.93 -0.85 -0.83 -0.78 0.82 -0.93 -0.89 -0.86 0.93 0.87 0.86 -0.82 -0.74 -0.70 0.69 -0.88 -0.79 -0.78 0.84 0.94 0.94 -0.86 -0.83 -0.79 0.81 -0.93 -0.89 -0.86 0.93 0.96 0.91 -0.85 -0.85 -0.77 0.84 -0.92 -0.89 -0.88 0.94 0.93 0.92 -0.84 -0.79 -0.78 0.80 -0.91 -0.88 -0.84 0.91 0.93 0.91 -0.82 -0.78 -0.75 0.77 -0.90 -0.85 -0.83 0.89 0.77 0.72 -0.65 -0.53 -0.56 0.72 -0.75 -0.70 -0.55 0.72 0.94 0.90 -0.86 -0.82 -0.77 0.83 -0.93 -0.89 -0.85 0.93 0.96 0.86 -0.85 -0.79 -0.73 0.80 -0.91 -0.85 -0.83 0.92 0.56 0.60 -0.57 -0.64 -0.54 0.38 -0.56 -0.52 -0.67 0.56 0.95 0.87 -0.83 -0.77 -0.74 0.83 -0.90 -0.87 -0.81 0.92 0.55 0.61 -0.49 -0.47 -0.54 0.63 -0.59 -0.65 -0.48 0.62 Indice Idrotermico RGP RGP Indice Branas Branas Insolazione Σ Ie Precipitazione Σ rain Ir Radiazione globale Σ Id Radiazione diretta Σ Budapest, 24th November 2008 Choice of the best fitting bioclimatic indices PEARSON r 2 °Brix pH TotAc MalicAc TartaricAc IM=B/(AcT*AcM) ln[TotAc] ln[MalicAc] ln[TartaricAc] ln[IM] JD Σ GDD(Ts=10°C) =IW 0.87 0.77 0.67 0.89 0.86 0.73 0.63 0.68 0.55 0.61 0.58 0.67 0.78 0.87 0.70 0.79 0.70 0.73 0.81 0.86 Σ GDD(Ts=19°C) Huglin 0.55 0.69 0.49 0.62 0.48 0.66 0.77 0.86 0.62 0.79 0.61 0.74 0.70 0.86 Gladstones 0.75 0.74 0.67 0.89 0.88 0.73 0.92 0.82 0.73 0.71 0.60 0.70 0.86 0.79 0.77 0.88 Fregoni Σ ET 01/06 0.87 0.84 0.70 0.87 0.82 0.68 0.63 0.61 0.61 0.56 0.65 0.59 0.83 0.82 0.78 0.72 0.71 0.69 0.82 0.80 RGP Branas Σ Ie 0.59 0.51 0.42 0.88 0.81 0.74 0.92 0.75 0.72 0.28 0.67 0.31 0.59 0.51 0.69 0.50 0.79 0.30 0.72 0.63 0.53 0.64 0.56 0.86 0.82 0.72 0.69 0.52 0.87 0.84 Σ rain Σ Ir Σ Id 0.31 0.36 0.33 0.90 0.75 0.69 0.31 0.37 0.24 0.41 0.60 0.22 0.29 0.54 0.29 0.14 0.70 0.40 0.31 0.82 0.27 0.75 0.42 0.44 0.65 0.23 Budapest, 24th November 2008 0.34 0.31 0.85 0.38 Budapest, 24th November 2008 Cartografia del progetto CAVIT2007 Collegamento con la cartografia di base (WMS) • tematismi vari di sfondo Cartografia di progetto • Vigneti • Mappa viticola • Collegamento al dbase PostgreSQL Budapest, 24th November 2008 Cartografia del progetto CAVIT2007 Budapest, 24th November 2008 Conclusions • Empirical models based on bioclimatic indices allow to predict locally the ripening time and the main quality’s parameters of grapes. • Heat sums are strongly correlated with sugar accumulation and acids degradation. • The site effect is very high and the upscaling of the regression equations to the landscape is at the moment not affordable. • Global change scenarios should consider not only air temperature as main driving factor for viticulture and specially for grape quality! Budapest, 24th November 2008 Acknowledgements Cavit s.c. Trento U. Met FEM-VRN Dott. Silvia Chini Dott. Luca Delucchi Contact address Roberto Zorer Fondazione Edmund Mach – FEM Istituto Agrario di S. Michele all’Adige – IASMA Dip. VRP – U. Viticuture Tel. ++ 39 0461 615324 [email protected] Budapest, 24th November 2008