The new Italian cataloguing code Regole
italiane di catalogazione, REICAT: application
and provisions in the shared catalog SBN
(Servizio Bibliotecario Nazionale)
Cristina Magliano
Central Institute for the Union Catalogue of the Italian libraries
(ICCU)
The Central Institute for the Union
Catalogue of Italian Libraries (ICCU)
• is the national center which promotes and
coordinates cataloguing and digitisation activities of
the Italian libraries
• is a body of the Italian Ministry for cultural heritage
and activities
• is responsible for guiding, producing, adapting and
disseminating the standard rules for cataloguing and
digitisation of the library heritage.
ICCU Departments and Activities
ICCU is structured in
2 services and 6 departments
1. Administrative Service
1. Standards rules for cataloguing and
digitisation
2. Service for the cultural
promotion
2. National Library Service (SBN)
Projects:
3. Bibliographic information and activities,
Registry of the Italian libraries
• Internet Culturale
• CulturaItalia
• Europeana (Italian partic.)
• World Digital Library (Italian
partic.)
• European projects
•Google Books (Italian partic.)
4. Digitisation and access to documents
5. Activities concerning bibliography, cataloguing
and census of the ancient book
6. Census and management of the Italian
bibliography of manuscripts
National projects
National Library Service – SBN
Internet Culturale
CulturaItalia
http://www.sbn.it/
http://www.internetculturale.it/
http://www.culturaitalia.it/
SBN: the National Library Service
The National Library Service (SBN) is the
network of the Italian libraries providing
services to libraries and to end-users.
SBN:
• is a network promoted by the Italian Ministry for Cultural
Heritage and coordinated by ICCU
• acts in cooperation with Regions and Universities
• is based on the cooperation among libraries
• provides services to libraries and end-users
• gets over the fragmentation of the Italian Libraries structure
• OPAC SBN online since 1997
5
SBN governance (1)
SBN partners
• Ministry for cultural heritage and activities (MiBAC)
• Ministry of education, university and research (MIUR)
• Ministry for public administration and innovation
• Conference of the Italian Regions
• Union of the Italian Provinces (UPI)
• National Association of the Italian municipalities (ANCI)
SBN steering committee: partner representatives (chaired by the Culture
Minister)
responsible for the SBN policy and strategy
6
SBN governance (2)
SBN technical committee:
• ICCU director
• 1 representative of MiBAC-DG for libraries
• 13 representatives appointed by the steering committee
(policy makers, technicians, specialists)
Responsible for:
• guidelines and standards
• evolution of the network
• service development
SBN today
 71 nodes
 4,500 libraries all over the country
 national, university, local and specialist
 Over 11 M bibliographic descriptions
 authors: over 3 M
 holding locations: 55 M
 OPAC – over 30 M searches / 2010
8
1
VICENZA
7
3
MILANO
BIELLA
TRIESTE
n2
n1
VENEZIA
PADOVA
n3
4 TORINO
PARMA
FERRARA
REGGIO
MODENA
EMILIA
GENOVA
BOLOGNA
RAVENNA
2
8
URBINO
LUCCA
ASCOLI
FIRENZE
PICENO
PISA
ANCONA
PERUGIA
MACERATA
LIVORNO
6
n8
2 5
17
INDEX
IN ROME
(ICCU)
n4
TERAMO
L’AQUILA
CHIETI
3
ROMA
2
CAMPOBASSO
FOGGIA
n7
n6
BARI
2
n5
3
NAPOLI POTENZA
BRINDISI
1
1
COSENZA
CAGLIARI
2
REGGIO
CALABRIA
71 Nodes
4470 Libraries
PALERMO
2
SBN nodes
distribution and
architecture
SBN Evolution:
Functional Objectives
• Integration of existing national
databases:
–
–
–
–
Modern books and serials;
Antique publications;
Music (printed and manuscript);
Authority Files
SBN Evolution:
Functional Objectives
Extension to new types of material:
• On line cataloguing will be extended to
music, prints, photographs, cartographic
material, etc.
• centered on a common standard
cataloguing process, accepting as well
specific data for each material
SBN evolution:
Functional objectives
Web interface for central cataloguing
functions:
• Authority files management;
• Quality control and revision (Corrections,
elimination of duplicates)
and data exchange
• Import/Export of bibliographic records
The SBN MARC protocol
The solution for the interoperability between the Union
Catalogue (Index) and the LMSs is guaranteed by the
SBN MARC protocol, based on 'request' (libraries =>
Index) and 'response' (Index =>libraries)
• The xsd schema is freely available
(http://www.iccu.sbn.it/genera.jsp?id=147&l=it)
• It is based on international standards (UNICODE UTF-8,
ISBD, etc.) and uses MARC semantic elements and an
xml syntax
13
SBN: technical features
• Open architecture based on common internet
protocols:
– TCP/IP, HTTP, XML/XSL, SOAP, JMS etc…
• Easy integration with other systems:
– based on Java Platform 2 Enterprise Edition
• High performance and reliability
– Unix platforms and Java multi-threaded services
– High performance relational DBMS (Oracle RDBMS)
14
SBN: functionalities
Web interface for central cataloguing
functions:
– authority files management;
– quality control and revision (corrections, elimination
of duplicates)
and data exchange
– import/export of bibliographic records
15
SBN: shared cataloguing
SBN libraries work independently and integrate their work into a
cooperative system based on a national network.
• SBN is an architecture for a cooperative library services network:
– Central Union Catalogue (Index) at national level
– Union Catalogues (Nodes) at regional and local levels
• The Union Catalogue uses structured data, not flat records (i.e. MARC
format)
– records are registered only once and reused afterwards (captured)
– records can be improved through different levels of correction (levels
of authority)
– modifications and updating are sent to all participating libraries
SBN: the cooperative catalogues
• The Index database
SBN use structured data not flat records (i.e.
MARC format)
– Record are registered only once and reuse
afterwards
– Records can be improved through different levels of
correction (levels of authority)
– Modifications are propagated to all libraries who
participate
SBN - Architecture
n2
n1
n3
INDEX
n4
n8
n7
n6
n5
SBN databases
• Three main databases
Author
Author
lillin
liklil
linked
ilieli
dinli
nke
Title
Titles
linked
Subject
Subject
Title database
•
•
•
•
•
•
Title of manifestation
Parallel title
Variant title
Title of collection
Uniform title
Etc.
Titles
Author database
 See references: variant form of personal name and
corporate body (forms in different languages, forms
in different scripts. , variations in fullness,
grammatical variations, graphic variations and errors
 See also references: personal name component of
group, historical form for corporate body
Authors
Bibliographic records
Original title
Series
Author
Monograph
Sub-series
Previous
edition
The Cooperative Catalogue – How it Works
 SBN has always used structured data (SQL) NOT flat
records (UNIMARC) this anticipates FRBR
 Structured data allows for navigation between
descriptive records using concepts such as “parallel
titles”, “other titles”, “other editions”
 Records are registered only once and reused
afterwards.
 Records can be improved through different levels of
correction (levels of authority).
 Modifications are propagated to all libraries who
participate.
Table of contents
0. Introduction
PART I BIBLIOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION AND COPY-SPECIFIC INFORMATION
1. Objects and modes of bibliographic description
2. General guidelines for bibliographic description
3. Sources of information
4. Areas and elements ot the description [omitted]
5. Description of multipart publications and analytic description [omitted]
6. Description of unpublished documents [omitted]
7. Information related to specific copies [omitted]
PART II WORKS AND EXPRESSIONS
8. Work and expression
9. Uniform titles
10. Expressions of the same work
11. New works related to pre-existing works
12. Works contained in a publication and assignment of uniform titles
13. Access from other titles
Table of contents
2
PART III RESPONSIBILITIES
14. Responsibility relationships
15. Uniform headings for persons [omitted]
16. Uniform headings for corporate bodies [omitted]
17. Responsibility for the work [omitted]
18. Responsibility for the expression [omitted]
19. Responsibility for publishing and manufacturing [omitted]
20. Responsibility related to specific copies [omitted]
APPENDICES [omitted]
Appendix A. Abbreviations and symbols
Appendix B. Capitalization and numerals
Appendix C. General material designation
Table of contents
3
Appendix D. Specific material designation
Appendix E. Music formats
Appendix F. Transliteration or transcription of
non-Latin scripts
Appendix G. Uniform titles for editions of the
Bible
Appendix H. Genre terms for collective uniform
titles
Index
0: Introduction
preliminary chapter introduces the
definitions of catalogue functions
primary concepts
 main contents of the rules
Part I, Bibliographic description and
copy-specific information
 guidelines for basic decisions about what to
describe, and how
 distinction between serials, monographic series
and multi-part publications
 the treatment of multiple manifestations
(reprints, variant issues, different formats,
etc.)
 choice of the main source of information to be
used in description
 Detailed rules concern the transcription of data
Unpublished
documents (Chap.6)
originals, manuscripts, unpublished
reproductions, etc.), that most libraries
decide to include in the general
catalogue
Copy-specific information
Chap. 7
informations relating the copy separated
from bibliographic description of
publication/manifestation
Include informations about ownership,
provenance, etc.
 availability information and
housekeeping data
Innovations
The most innovative part is Part II, Works and
expressions. For the first time, this part includes
detailed rules for the identification (by
assignment of uniform titles and, if needed, of
qualifiers, (Ch. 9) of all works represented in
catalogued publications: with or without
authors, textual or nontextual, classical or
contemporary, represented by only one or many
expressions and/or manifestations
Critic points
The Bibliographic description keep a
central point in the new code (traditional
vision of the cataloguing practices) even
if the code includes detailed rules about
modifications of the same work in
different expressions
 The text does not follow the FRBR
definitions and terminology closely
Work
An intellectual or artistic creation
represented by a text, a piece of music or any
other form of expression (a motion picture, a
ballet, etc.) or by a material object or
artefact (a drawing, a sculpture, etc.)
Expression
Means the specific intellectual or artistic form
that a work has taken on in a specific
realization
EXPRESSION (Chap. 8.2)
8.2.1. Definition
Expression means the specific intellectual or artistic form that a work
has taken on in a specific realization. In the strict sense, all
realizations of a work involving any difference in the textual (musical,
visual etc.) content may be considered to be distinct expressions.
However, since even minute differences are almost always found in
different publications, and often even in groups of items belonging to
the same edition (e.g. reprints) or in individual copies, especially in
hand-printed books, only the realizations or sets of similar (albeit not
identical) realizations should be considered to be distinct expressions,
which may be practically and usefully identified in a catalogue.
Expressions of the same work (Chp.10)
They include:
Variant editions and alternative versions
Modernized or simplified versions
Alternative editions or versions
Abridged or condensed, expurgated or censored versions
or editions
Enlarged, revised or updated versions or editions
Translations
Versions that use a different representation medium
Performances of musical or dramatic works, or of other
works intended for performance
Work
Function of uniform title
a) identifying a work, distinguishing it from other works,
if any, bearing the same title;
b) grouping together the editions of a work published
using different titles or variations of the title, in the
same language or in other languages, or on different
media and forms of realization;
c) allowing an orderly and structured display of the works
of an author and of the editions of each work;
d) allowing the opportunity to highlight the relationships
between distinct but related works.
,
To identifie a work
and distinguendola da eventuali altre opere con lo stesso titolo



Storia di Roma
La storia di
Roma
Storia di Roma
/ Bonghi,
Ruggiero
/ D’Angelo, Maria
/ Montanelli,
Indro
Grouping together the editions of a work published using
different titles in the same language or in other languages
Il coraggio di sfidare la mafia / Moncalvo, Gigi
<Faccia a faccia con la mafia / Moncalvo, Gigi
Faccia a faccia con la
mafia … / Gigi
Moncalvo … 1986
(title of the first edition)
Il coraggio di sfidare la
mafia … / Gigi
Moncalvo … 1986
(title in the subsequent
editions)
Grouping together the editions of a work published on
different media and forms of realization
Aida / Verdi, Giuseppe
t.u. with additions Aida / Verdi, Giuseppe (audioregistrazioni)
Aida : opera in
quattro atti /
Giuseppe Verdi
… 1980. – 1
partitura …
Aida :
melodramma in
quattro atti … /
Giuseppe Verdi
… 1977. – 3
dischi sonori …
Aida / Verdi
…1974. – 3
dischi sonori …
Actually
Uniform
title
Bibliographic
description
In future
author
CHOICE OF A UNIFORM TITLE (Chap.
9.1)
The uniform title for a work is based on the
title by which the work is generally identified.
It may be:
• the original title, chosen by the author or
assigned upon the first publication of the work
• a variant of this title or a title adopted in later
editions
• the initial words of the text (incipit)
• a traditional or conventional title or any other
commonly used designation.
Expression
of the same work
Uniform title +additions
(optional)
Uniform title of the work with conventional
additions may be used identifying different
expressions of the same work
Le avventure di Pinocchio / Collodi, Carlo
(in inglese)
Title of work
Title of expressions
t.u.o. À la recherche du temps perdu /
Proust, Marcel
t.u.e. À la recherche du temps perdu / Proust,
Marcel (in italiano)
t.u.o. Le confessioni d’un italiano / Nievo,
Ippolito
t.u.e. Le confessioni d’un italiano / Nievo,
Ippolito (braille)
Conventional additions for the manifestation containing the
work in different language from original
Italy today / King, Bolton
t.u. with additions Italy today / King, Bolton (in
italiano)
Italy today / by Bolton King
and Thomas Okey … 1901
…
(manifestation containing
original work)
L’italia oggi / Bolton King e
Thomas Okey … 1904 …
(manifestation containing
italian translation)
45
Conventional additions for different form of realizations
DIB : Dizionario di base della lingua italiana /
De Mauro, Tullio
t.u. with additions DIB : Dizionario di base della
lingua italiana / De Mauro, Tullio (risorse elettroniche)
DIB : dizionario di base
della lingua italiana / T. De
Mauro, G. G. Moroni …, ©
1996 …
(manifestation containing
the first printing edition)
DIB : dizionario di base
della lingua italiana / T. De
Mauro, G. G. Moroni …,
1998 …
(CD-ROM manifestation
publishing in 1998)
46
Conventional additions for parts of work
Confessiones / Augustinus, Aurelius <santo>
t.u. with additions Confessiones / Augustinus,
Aurelius <santo> (in italiano ; antologie)
Confessiones …curante
prof. Felice Ramorino …
1909 …
(manifestation containing
work in the original
language)
Le Confessioni … : le più
belle pagine di un
capolavoro immortale …
©1996 ..
(manifestation containing
Italian translation of selected
parts from Confessioni)
47
New works related to pre-existing works
(Chap. 11)
The following are considered to be new works, distinct from
pre-existing works
remakes or re-elaborations (paraphrases, compendia,
etc.)
autonomous elaborations of narrative themes or other
genres
official texts connected to or deriving from other texts
concordances, indexes, summaries and other practical or
didactic elaborations
continuations, appendices and supplements
Related works are linked through see also references
48
Re-elaboration of a work
Orlando innamorato /
Boiardo, Matteo
Maria
Orlando innamorato / Matteo
Maria Boiardo … 1926 …
Orlando innamorato /
Berni, Francesco
Orlando innamorato di M.
Maria Boiardo / rifatto da
Francesco Berni … 1971
49
Autonomous elaborations of narrative themes or other genres
Le roman de Tristan /
Thomas
t.u. with additions Le
roman de Tristan /
Thomas (in italiano)
Tristano e Isotta /
Thomas ; traduzione di
Fabio Troncarelli … 1979
…
Tristan / Gottfried von
Strasbourg
t.u. with additions
Tristan / Gottfried von
Strasbourg (in italiano)
Tristano / Gottfried von
Strassburg ; a cura di
Laura Mancinelli … 1994 …
50
Translations or paraphases
Respublica / Plato
< La Repubblica / Plato
t.u. with additions
Respublica / Plato
(in italiano)
La Repubblica / Platone ;
traduzione di Franco Sartori
… 1997 …
Taljis kitab al-Siya
Afla tun / Averroes
< Parafrasi della
Repubblica /
Averroes
t.u. with additions
Taljis kitab al-Siya
Afla tun / Averroes (in
latino)
Parafrasi della Repubblica /
Averroè ; nella traduzione
latina di Elia Del Medigo …
1992 …
51
Compendia
Das Kapital / Marx,
Karl
< Il Capitale / Marx,
Karl
Das Kapital … / Karl Marx
…1987 …
Compendio del
Capitale / Cafiero,
Carlo
Il Capitale di Karl Marx /
compendio di Carlo Cafiero
… 1996 …
52
Concordances, indices
Divina Commedia /
Alighieri, Dante
La Divina Commedia /
Dante Alighieri … 2000
…
Rimario della
Commedia di
Dante Alighieri /
Punzi, Arianna
Rimario della Commedia
di Dante Alighieri /
Arianna Punzi … 2001
…
53
Collective uniform title
Formulated by the cataloguer
For publications that include:
• the complete works of an author, or a selection of
more than three of his works
[Opere]
•More than three parts of different works
of the same author (with conventional additions)
[Opere] (selections)
•Works of the same genre of one author
(with genre additions)
[Opere. Narrativa]
Visualization of works of prolific
author
[Opere]
/ Pirandello, Luigi
[Opere. Lettere e carteggi]
/ Pirandello, Luigi
[Opere. Racconti e novelle]
/ Pirandello, Luigi
[Opere. Romanzi]
/ Pirandello, Luigi
[Opere. Saggi]
/ Pirandello, Luigi
[Opere. Teatro]
/ Pirandello, Luigi
L’esclusa
/ Pirandello, Luigi
Il fu Mattia Pascal
/ Pirandello, Luigi
Novelle per un anno
/ Pirandello, Luigi
Pensaci, Giacomino
/ Pirandello, Luigi
Sei personaggi in cerca d’autore / Pirandello, Luigi
Il turno
/ Pirandello, Luigi
Uno, nessuno e centomila
/ Pirandello, Luigi
…
Responsibilities
Include:
 main concepts and definitions (e.g.,corporate bodies as
authors, distinction between author and editor or director,
etc.)
 the choice of uniform headings for persons (Ch. 15) and
bodies (Ch. 16)
• and four chapters dealing with responsibilities for the
work (Ch. 17), for particular expressions or additional
contents of a publication (Ch. 18)
• for publishing and manufacturing (Ch. 19)
• and for responsability related to a specific copy, e.g.
decoration, binding or provenance (Ch. 20).
14.2.1. Responsibility for the work
and responsibility for its expressions
The rules distinguish responsibilities at the level of the
work from responsibilities relative to specific
expressions of the work
 Responsibilities at the level of the work include:
 the conception, composition or realization of the work in its
original form
 Responsibility at the level of the expression concerns:

the expressions deriving from the original work (revised or
updated editions, translations, performances, etc.).
The first publication of the work, as a rule, is considered
the original
Chap. 14.2.2. Authorship and other
kinds of responsibility
Persons and corporate bodies who have
conceived and composed or realized the
work in its original form, or have taken
on these functions, are considered to be
authors
Other kind of are the responsibility for
editing or directing (planning,
coordinating, etc.) the realization of a
work by more than one author or
collaborator, including the editor himself
14.2.3. Principal, coordinate and
secondary responsibility
a) principal (or primary) responsibility, for the person or
body which is the sole or principal author of the work,
or the first among no more than three co-authors;
b) coordinate responsibility, for persons or bodies having
equal responsibility for the work with respect to the
person or body to whom principal responsibility is
assigned;
c) secondary (or subordinate) responsibility, for persons
or corporate bodies whose responsibility for the work is
of a lesser degree than the previous case (editors,
directors, etc.), or is shared among more than three
co-authors, or is uncertain or erroneously attributed.
Responsibility for specific expressions are considered
always to be secondary
Memoranda and Guidelines for
application of REICAT in SBN SBN
Referring to the text of REICAT memoranda include:
• Parts that need explanations and updates respect the
previous rules
• Parts for which are necessary what option apply
• solutions that need a transition phase because are
necessary to change the s/w
• corrections of just catalogued (mandatory and
optional), to mantain for the users legibility and
concistency of the catalogue
Uniform Title
9.0.3 The use of uniform titles is mandatory for all works, with or without
an author’s name as main heading
Application of this rule has been limited in the SBN union catalog to the
following cases:
1) Translations or versions in different languages
2) For the parts of a work published separately the uniform title is made up
of the title of the work followed by the title of the part (or by its
designation or numbering)
3) For original edition is not mandatory. It is recommended only for the
publications in the same language but with different titles
4) 12.4.1. Collections of works by different authors (or of anonymous
works)
14.2.5. Alternative treatments
Chap. 14.2.5
In catalogues in which it is not possible to link each
responsibility to the entity to which it refers (e.g. in
the case of a publication containing more than one
work) and at the appropriate level (for the work, for a
specific expression, for a given publication or for a
single copy), all responsibilities may be treated at the
level of the bibliographic record
15.4.2 See also references
I The name of a person and the name of
corporate body (group, studio, etc.) to
which the person belonging or a
collective pseudonimus onimo collettivo
Application in SBN
At the moment is not possible withouth a
change of s/w. Is forseen an evolution
of s/w
16.1.5.3. Ecclesiastical districts and
religious bodies having territorial
jurisdiction
Application in SBN
Changes of name has been forseen. The name is in direct
form . responsabilità per l’opera, l’espressione e la
Ex.
*Ravenna-*Cervia <Arcidiocesi>
(the previous form)
has been modified in:
*Arcidiocesi di *Ravenna-*Cervia
< *Ravenna-*Cervia <Arcidiocesi responsabilità per
l’opera andranno collegate vari
16.1.5.1 A Religious bodies
For religious body the uniform heading is, according to the
general rules, the name under which are identified in their
publication , in italian form is this form is used by the
corporate body.
The two form Santa Sede e Chiesa cattolica have been
unified in a unique form: Chiesa cattolica.
Application in SBN:
The heading has been modified and has been created a see
reference for the previous form adopted.
*Santa *sede : *Congregazione per il *culto *divino
Has been corrected in :
*Chiesa *cattolica : *Congregazione per il *culto
*divino
< *Congregazione per il *culto *divino
< *Congregatio pro *cultu *divino
< *Santa *sede : *Congregazione per il *culto *divino
16.2.5. Statement of place or territorial district
Se The name of a corporate body includes the statement of the
place where is situated is recorded as it appears.
If the statement of the place is not integral part is
omitted. It is included only if necessary to distinguish
omonimous corporate body as qualification.
Application in SBN:
The heading has been modified and has been created a see
reference for the previous form adopted.
*Archivio di *Stato <Firenze>
has been modified in :
*Archivio di *Stato di *Firenze
< *Archivio di *Stato <Firenze>
*Biblioteca *comunale <Milano>
has been modified in:
*Biblioteca *comunale di *Milano
< *Biblioteca *civica di *Milano
< *Biblioteca *comunale *Palazzo *Sormani
< *Biblioteca *comunale <Milano
Thank you!
Cristina Magliano
[email protected]