PRESENT PERFECT
FORM
• Present Perfect
[HAS / HAVE] + [past participle]
EXAMPLES:
I have seen that movie many times.
USE
- unfinished time
- Time not concluded
- Duration of an action started and not
concluded.
Present perfect is used:
• without expression of time
• I’m happy because I have won a prize
• With adverbs of frequency:
ever,never, seldom ,often ,always
Have you ever been to Scotland?
• how many times we did an action
(twice,many times,several times)
• With adverbs
• Yet(già)- in an interrogative sentence, not…yet,
• Almost/nearly(quasi) , just(appena), already(già),
• So far/up to now( fino ad ora)
• In the last few days….
• Time not finished
• Today, this morning, this month ,this year
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When a sentence starts with:
It’s the first time…..
It’s the second time i’ve seen this film
After a superlative
That’s the best book I’ve ever read
I’ve been /I’ve gone
• We have been here for two days /since
two days
Difference
• Present Perfect
• We don’t know when it happened
• I have complained about the traffic before
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Past simple
I always know when
I went to the cinema yesterday
Present Perfect suggests connection between past and present.We
are interested in the way something happened.
• I’ve washed my hands so I can help you with the cooking
• Present Perfect time up to present
• Science has made many major advances in this century.
• When someone has has recently discovered, invented, or written
something
• Chinese craftsmen have invented both paper and printing.