DS
Control Chemical Pollution: perspectives
and costs
G. Tomasello, Alessandria Province
A. Fava, Arpa Emilia Romagna
Trencin - 12 settembre 2008
1
WFD and Economics
The Water Framework Directive integrates
economics into water management and
policy making



Article 5 - Characteristics of the river
basin district, review of environmental
impact of human activity and economic
analysis of water use;
Annex III - Economic analysis;
Article 9 - Recovery of costs for water
services
Trencin - 12 settembre 2008
2
Economics : general approach
To achieve its environmental objectives in
the most effective manner (i.e. good
water status for all waters), the Directive
calls for:

the application of economic principles
(e.g. the polluter pays principle);

the use of economic approaches and
tools (e.g. cost-effectiveness analysis);

the consideration of economic
instruments (e.g. water pricing).
Trencin - 12 settembre 2008
3
Integration of economica elements
Trencin - 12 settembre 2008
4
Economics : objectives






to carry out an economic analysis of water uses
in each River Basin District (RBD);
to assess trends in water supply, water demand
and investments;
to identify areas designated for the protection
of economically significant aquatic species;
to designate heavily modified water bodies
based on assessment of impact (including
economic impact) on existing uses and costs of
alternatives for providing the same beneficial
objective;
to assess current levels of cost-recovery;
to support selection of programme of measures
on the basis of cost-effectiveness criteria;
Trencin - 12 settembre 2008
5
Economics : objectives




to assess the potential role of pricing in
programmes of measures – implications on
cost-recovery;
to estimate the need for potential (time and
objective) derogation from the Directive’s
environmental objectives based on assessment
of costs and benefits and of costs of alternatives
for providing the same beneficial objective;
to assess possible derogation resulting from
new activities/modifications, based on
assessment of costs and benefits and costs of
alternatives for providing the same beneficial
objective;
to evaluate costs of measures to identify costeffective way to control priority substances.
Trencin - 12 settembre 2008
6
Economics and local offices
Why the Control and Monitoring activities cost assessment
performed at Regional, River Basin and Districts level
should be relevant for local offices ?
a) Helps to define the budjetary needs of the Office
↓
to cope with its administrative and technical duties
b) Strengthens on a practical basis the capacity of the
Office in negotiation
↓
Versus upper decisional levels
Trencin - 12 settembre 2008
7
Economics and local offices
c) Supports the control activities
↓
facing the management of conflicts toward stakeholders
and the public
d) Allows to perform a cost-benefit evaluation
↓
To set priority actions facing the defined objectives
e) Improves the cost effective use of human and technical
resources
↓
thus giving relevant support in defining the action
programmes
Trencin - 12 settembre 2008
8
Control and Monitoring Plan
Economical focus
Activities
Monitoring
What is the least-costly
set of measures that
will ensure good
water status?
Controls
Trencin - 12 settembre 2008
Issues for cost evaluation
Surface and Ground Water
Bodies Monitoring networks
(surveillance, operational,
investigation):
- N. of sampling sites
- Quality and Quantity
elements
- Sampling Frequencies
- Reporting
Wastewater discharge
pattern
- EQS
- Discharge Limits
- Authorizations / Permits
Control Activities costs
9
Control and Monitoring Plan
Economical focus
Activities
Monitoring
What is the likely
economic impact of
proposed measures on
key economic
sectors/water uses?
Controls
Trencin - 12 settembre 2008
Issues for cost evaluation
- Protection and/ or
Remediation of water
bodies
- Protected areas
- Sensible Area
- Vulnerable area
- Derogations
- Permits Revision
- EMAS installations
- BAT introduction
- Agricultural Best Practices
Sanctions and fines
10
Control and Monitoring Plan
Economical focus
How much will it cost to
reach good water status?
How to determine whether
the costs of achieving good
water status are considered
to be disproportionate so
that derogation may be
appropriate?
Activities
Issues for cost evaluation
Monitoring
Overall costs
Controls
Overal costs
Monitoring
Policy: decision making
Controls
Policy: decision making
Trencin - 12 settembre 2008
11
Control and Monitoring Activities
A total cost is calculated for three issues



Sampling
Analysis
Data handling and reporting
For each of the above operational phases costs are
computed according to the following items
Personnel costs



management personnel (planning, coordination,
etc.)
technical operational personnel
administration personnel
Trencin - 12 settembre 2008
12
Control and Monitoring Activities
Durable and consumable goods costs




investment costs depreciation(motor vehicles,
scientific instruments, hardware tools, furnishings,
etc.)
operational management costs net of depreciation
costs (ordinary and extraordinary maintenance)
Good Laboratory Practice (GLP)
consumable goods costs (chemicals, standard
materials, tools for laboratories,..)
Overhead cost




internal/external training costs
QA/QC system cost (ISO 9001, UNI EN ISO 17025)
utilities (phone, internet, power, etc)
other costs
Trencin - 12 settembre 2008
13
Rilascio delle autorizzazioni allo scarico



Costi delle risorse interne
management personnel (planning,
coordination, etc.)
technical operational personnel
administration personnel
Impiego di beni e servizi dell’Ente
Per altre attività degli uffici dell’Ente in
aggiunta alle attività standard di rilascio
delle autorizzazioni
Trencin - 12 settembre 2008
14
Rilascio delle autorizzazioni allo scarico
Overhead cost




External training costs
QA/QC system cost (ISO 9001, UNI EN ISO 17025,
ISO 14001)
utilities (phone, internet, power, etc)
other costs
Trencin - 12 settembre 2008
15
La scheda di rilevazione dei fattori di costo
Trencin - 12 settembre 2008
16
Esempio di costo dettagliato
Trencin - 12 settembre 2008
17
Autorizzazione agli scarichi
Acque reflue industriale
modifica sostanziale e rinnovo
autorizzativo
5,6
Acque reflue domestiche
modifica sostanziale e rinnovo
autorizzativo
4,6
Acque domestiche
rinnovo impianto
4,1
Acque reflue urbane
modifica sostanziale e rinnovo
autorizzativo
5,3
Acque reflue urbane
rinnovo impianto
2,4
Prevenzione e gestione acque di
prima pioggia
2,6
Accettazione rifiuti liquidi di
acque reflue
1 (Valore di riferimento)
Euro 230.00
Utilizzazione in agricoltura dei fanghi
Spandimento dei fanghi in
agricoltura
7,4
Trencin - 12 settembre 2008
18
ATTIVITA’
DESCRIZIONE
VALORE
Concessione di derivazione di acqua pubblica
Derivazione di acqua
concessione di derivazione di
acqua superficiale soggetta
a valutazione di impatto
ambientale
17,6
Derivazione di acqua
concessione di derivazione di
acqua sotterrane soggetta a
valutazione di impatto
ambientale
16,3
Derivazione di acqua
concessione di derivazione di
acqua non soggetta a
valutazione
di
impatto
ambientale
11,2
Trencin - 12 settembre 2008
19
The Polluter Pays principle
Il recupero dei costi delle istruttorie è previsto dalla normativa nazionale.
L’ammontare del pagamento può essere determinato in due modi:
* Dettaglio
* Forfait
La scelta è demandata ad una decisione politica locale
Le realtà locali piemontesi hanno definito un costo per il rilascio
delle autorizzazioni allo scarico che varia da Euro 50.00 a Euro
250.00
Trencin - 12 settembre 2008
20