THE
PAST
PERFECT
The PAST PERFECT
is formed by
HAD
+
PAST PARTICIPLE
The PAST PERFECT – Positive form
I had worked
I’d worked
You had worked
You’d worked
He / She / It had worked
He / She / It’d worked
We had worked
We’d worked
You had worked
You’d worked
They had worked
They’d worked
The PAST PERFECT – Negative form
I hadn’t worked
or
I had not worked
You hadn’t worked or
You had not worked
He / She / It hadn’t worked or He / She / It had not worked
We hadn’t worked or
We had not worked
You hadn’t worked or
You had not worked
They hadn’t worked or
They had not worked
The PAST PERFECT – Interrogative form
Had I worked?
Had you worked?
Had he / she / it worked?
Had we worked?
Had you worked?
Had they worked?
Il Past Perfect corrisponde al trapassato prossimo italiano.
Di solito il Past Perfect si usa in una frase con il Simple
Past per parlare di un’azione che è avvenuta.....
PRIMA
di un’altra azione nel passato.
I passed the test because I had studied a lot.
SIMPLE PAST
Azione che è
avvenuta DOPO
PAST PERFECT
Azione che è
avvenuta PRIMA
When I got to school the lesson had already started.
SIMPLE PAST
PAST PERFECT
Azione che è
avvenuta DOPO
Azione che è
avvenuta PRIMA
After she had eaten, she went for a walk.
PAST PERFECT
Azione che è
avvenuta PRIMA
SIMPLE PAST
Azione che è
avvenuta DOPO
When he (arrive) arrived
at the station, the train
(already / leave) had already left.
When he (arrive) arrived
at the station, the train
(yet / leave) hadn’t left yet.
They (start) had started
home.
eating when she (get) got
She (wake up) woke up in the middle of the night
because she (have) had had a nightmare.
Key word transformation
Complete the second sentence so that it has a
similar meaning to the first sentence, using the
word given.
Do not change the word given.
You must use between two and five words,
including the word given.
The play started before we could get there.
had (already) started when we got there. HAD
The play …………………………...
The newspaper accused Pete of pushing the other player.
had pushed the other player.
The newspaper said that Pete ……………..…
HAD
He told me it hadn’t been easy for him to learn how to surf.
had had difficulty (in) learning
He told me he ……………………………………...........
how to surf.
DIFFICULTY
He had never seen such a horrible film before.
worst film he had ever
It was the …………………………………
seen.
WORST
Before leaving, he checked the tyres.
had checked the tyres, he set off.
After he ………………..
HAD