,/%25*+(6( /HVLPPHWULH ,OIXUWRLOFDSLWDOHHLPLUDFROL GHOODSURSULHWjWUDQVLWLYD« GL520$12)5$1&27$*/,$7, 81$ GHOOH SL DQWLFKH QRUPH DQWL FRUUX]LRQH q FRQ FHUWH]]D TXHOOD FKH 'LR VWHVVR GHWWz DO SRSROR G¶,VUDHOH OD VWHVVD FKH VWD DO VHWWLPR SRVWR GHL 'LHFL &RPDQGDPHQWL GDO JLRUQR LQ FXL (JOL FRQVHJQz D 0RVq OH WDYROH GHOOD OHJJH 8Q RUGLQH WDVVDWLYR FKH VRSUDWWXWWR DLFUHGHQWL QRQ GRYUHEEH ODVFLDUH YLD GL VFDPSR 6HWWLPR QRQ UXEDUH'XUDOH[VHGOH[3HUWXWWLJOL DOWULSHUJOLDJQRVWLFLSHUFRORURFKH QRQFUHGRQRYDOHLQRJQLFDVRTXDQWR VWDELOLWR GDOOH JLXULVSUXGHQ]H WHUUHQH FKH LVSLUDQGRVL DL SULQFuSL SUDWLFL GHOOD FRQYLYHQ]D SHU TXDQWR IDOODFL KDQQRLQWHRULDLOSRWHUHGLPDQGDUH LODGULLQJDOHUDHVHPSUHLQWHRULDLO GLULWWR GL SUHWHQGHUH OD UHVWLWX]LRQH GHOPDOWROWR 'DQWH QHOOD VHWWLPD EROJLD SRQH L ODGUL LQ PH]]R D XQ FRDFHUYR GL VHUSHQWL VLPEROR SHU HFFHOOHQ]D GHO GHPRQLR H GHOO¶LQJDQQR $OFXQL SR SROLDQWLFKLSXQLYDQRLOIXUWRDGGLULW WXUDFRQODSHQDGLPRUWH*OLDQWLFKL 5RPDQL IRUVH SHUFKp JLj DYYH]]L DO PDOFRVWXPH FKH DQFKH D TXHL WHPSL LPSHUYHUVDYDQHOOHWDYROHHVSRVWH QHOIRURLQWRUQRDOD&VLOLPLWD QR D SUHYHGHUH SHU L ODGUL SHQH PH GLDPHQWH VHYHUH FRPH O¶HVSURSULR GHLEHQLHODSXEEOLFDIXVWLJD]LRQH /D FOHSWRPDQLD q XQ SDWRORJLD DQWLFDHQRQqQRWDVDQ]LRQHQpJLXGL ]LDULD Qp GLYLQD FKH QHO FRUVR GHL VHFROL DEELD PDL DYXWR LO SRWHUH GL GLVVXDGHUH XQ ODGUR GDO FRPSLHUH LO VXRPLVIDWWR&¶qIXUWRHIXUWR1RQq UDUR QHSSXUH LO FDVR GL FKL SUHWHQGH FKH GLHWUR XQD UDSLQD VL QDVFRQGD D YROWHXQWDUGLYRDWWRGLJLXVWL]LD 1RQ q XQD TXHVWLRQH GL VHYHULWj 6H FRVu IRVVH EDVWHUHEEH - FRPH DO FXQL VRVWHQJRQR - UHLQWURGXUUH OD SHQD GL PRUWH SHU EORFFDUH VXO QD VFHUH QRQ VROWDQWR LO IXUWR PD O¶LGHD VWHVVD GHO FULPLQH GDOOR VWXSUR DOO¶ DVVDVVLQLR $L SRFKL FKH DQFRUD FUH GRQRFKHVLDVXIILFLHQWHFDPELDUHXQD OHJJH R LQDVSULUH XQD SHQD EDVWHUj ULFRUGDUHVWDWLVWLFKHDOODPDQRFRPH QHL3DHVLQHLTXDOLDQFRURJJLVLSUD WLFDQR SHQLWHQ]H FRUSRUDOL VHYHULVVL PH H SHUILQR OD SHQD FDSLWDOH LO QX PHUR GHL GHOLWWL QRQ DFFHQQL D GLPL QXLUHRDGGLULWWXUDVLDVVLVWDLQDOFXQL FDVL DO GLODJDUH GL XQD FULPLQDOLWj DQFRUSLIUHTXHQWHHVSLHWDWD ,O UDJLRQDPHQWR QRQ q LQIDWWL VLPPHWULFR&RPHSHQVDUHFKHFKLVL DSSUHVWL D FRPPHWWHUH XQ GHOLWWR UL IOHWWD LQ PRGR UD]LRQDOH VXOOD HYHQ WXDOLWj GL XQD SHQD R VXOOH SRWHQ]LDOL SUREDELOLWj GL YHQLUH VFRSHUWR H QRQ LPPDJLQLDOFRQWUDULRGLSRWHUJLXUD UH VXOOD SHUIH]LRQH GHO VXR SLDQR VXOODSRVVLELOLWjGLIDUODIUDQFDTXDQ GR QRQ DGGLULWWXUD VXOO¶LPSHQHWUDELOH EXLR GHOOD OXQJD QRWWH QHOOD TXDOH VL GLEDWWH GD VHFROL OD IDUUDJLQRVLWj OD OHQWH]]D OD SURYHUELDOH PLRSLD OD SURYDWDLQHIILFLHQ]DGHOOD*LXVWL]LD" 0LR QRQQR UDFFRQWDYD FKH QHO ULWURYzILQDOPHQWHGDYDQWLDGXQ RVSHGDOHFLWWDGLQRODELFLFOHWWDFKHJOL HUDVWDWDVRWWUDWWDTXDOFKHJLRUQRSUL PD H FRQYLQWR FKH IRVVH VXR GLULWWR ULDSSURSULDUVHQH PRQWz LQ VHOOD 0HQWUH VWDYD SHU DOORQWDQDUVL YHQQH SHUz UDJJLXQWR GD XQ PLOLWDUH FKH GLFKLDUDQGR GL HVVHUVL SUHVR TXHO YH *LXJQR ORFLSHGH LQ FDPELR GL TXHOOR FKH JOL HUDDSSHQDVWDWRUXEDWRUHFODPDYDLQ VHJXLWR D XQD VRUWD GL SURSULHWj WUDQ VLWLYD GL HVVHUH OXL RUD LO OHJLWWLPR SURSULHWDULR GHOOD ELFL 9L VRQR PR PHQWLFRPHDFFDGHLQFDVRGLJXHUUD LQ FXL LO YDORUH G¶XVR VL VRVWLWXLVFH D TXHOORGLSURSULHWj 2JQL3DHVHKDDYXWRLOVXR3DVVD WRUHLOVXR5RELQ+RRGLOVXR$UVH QLR /XSLQ LO VXR ILORVRIR GLVSRVWR D FRQWHVWDUHODOHJLWWLPLWjGHOODULFFKH] ]DDOWUXLDLQYRFDUHORVWDWRGLQHFHV VLWjDJLXUDUHVXOODRSSRUWXQLWjPRUD OH GL JLXQJHUH D XQ VLVWHPD LQ JUDGR GL ULPHWWHUH LQ DVVH DOPHQR SDU]LDO PHQWH O¶DWDYLFR VTXLOLEULR GHOOD EL ODQFLD WUD ULFFKL H SRYHUL ©/DGURª VFULYH 7ROVWRL ©QRQ q TXHOOR FKH SUHQGH FLz FKH JOL q QHFHVVDULR PD FROXLFKHWUDWWLHQHFLzFKHqLQGLVSHQ VDELOHDGDOWULª©&KLXQTXHSRVVLHGD TXDOFRVDFKHQRQXVDªDIIHUPD*DQ GKL©qXQODGURª©&RV¶qPDLLOIXUWR LQ XQD EDQFDª VL FKLHGH %UHFKW ©FRQWUR OD IRQGD]LRQH GL XQD EDQ FD"ª,QXQRSXVFRORGDWRDOOHVWDPSH QHO LO ILORVRIR HG HFRQRPLVWD 3LHUUH 3URXGKRQ DUULYD DGGLULWWXUD D GLFKLDUDUHFKHODSURSULHWjqXQIXUWR XQ¶DIIHUPD]LRQH FKH SHU TXDQWR IRU WHPHQWH FRQWURYHUVD ULYHOD L VLQWRPL GL XQD VRFLHWj FKH LQFRPLQFLDYD D GDUH VHJQL GL QHUYRVLVPR 6RQR JOL DQQLGHOOD&RPXQHGL3DULJLTXHOOLLQ FXL 0DU[ SXEEOLFDLO &DSLWDOH TXHOOL FKH FRLQFLGRQR FRQ OD VHFRQGD ULYR OX]LRQH LQGXVWULDOH H SUHFHGRQR GL DOFXQL GHFHQQL OD FRVLGGHWWD 5LYROX ]LRQHG¶RWWREUHFKHQHOSRUWzDO *LXJQR SRWHUHLQ5XVVLDTXHOUHJLPHFRPXQL VWD FKH QHOO¶DVVXUGD LOOXVLRQH GL XQ¶LUUHDOL]]DELOH XJXDJOLDQ]D VRIIR FKHUj QHO VDQJXH PLOLRQL GL YLWH H TXDOXQTXHJHQHUHGLOLEHUWj$VVRGDWR FKH XQ FULPLQH UHVWD XQ FULPLQH H FKH SHU TXDQWR GLIILFLOH UHVWL DVVLFX UDUH XQ GHOLQTXHQWH DOOD *LXVWL]LD QRQF¶qORJLFDFKHDXWRUL]]LLOSRWHUH JLXGL]LDULRDGDEEDVVDUHODJXDUGLDFL VL YRUUj SHUGRQDUH VH FL q VHPEUDWR XWLOH ULFRUGDUH D YROR G¶XFFHOOR DOFX QH FRQVLGHUD]LRQL PRUDOL GL JUDQGL SHUVRQDJJL GHO SDVVDWR H JLXQJHUH SHU FRQYHUVR DOOH QXRYH ©ILORVRILHª GHQWUROHTXDOLVLPXRYHO¶HYROX]LRQH GL XQ VLVWHPD FKH ULVFKLD VHPSUH SL GL WUDVIRUPDUH L FRPXQL ODGUL GL XQ WHPSR LQ LQQRFXL PDWWDFFKLRQL H O¶HSRFD QHOOD TXDOH VWLDPR YLYHQGR QHOO¶qUDGHOIXUWROHJDOL]]DWR 'DOWHPSRGL3URXGKRQHGL0DU[ VRQRWUDVFRUVLTXDVLGXHVHFROL,QQH JDELOH FKH QHL GHFHQQL FKH VRQR VH JXLWL SDVVDQGR DWWUDYHUVR GLWWDWXUH H JXHUUH PRQGLDOL TXDOFRVD LQ (XURSD HQHOPRQGRLQWHURVLDFDPELDWR&Lz QRQ WRJOLH FKH OD ELODQFLD UHVWL IRUWH PHQWH VTXLOLEUDWD DO SXQWR FKH O¶ SHU FHQWR GHOOD ULFFKH]]D PRQGLDOH VWLDRJJLQHOOHPDQLGHOSHUFHQWR GHOODSRSROD]LRQH &RP¶q SRWXWR DFFDGHUH" %DVWDQR DQFRUD D VSLHJDUOR OD WHRULD GHO SOX VYDORUH L GLIIHUHQ]LDOL GL VFDPELR O¶HIILFLHQ]D WD\ORULDQD OD OHJJH GHL JUDQGL QXPHUL O¶LQYHQWLYD LO JHQLR ODSURIHVVLRQDOLWjGLXRPLQLHGLGRQ QHGLJUDQGHLQJHJQR"/¶LQGXVWULDGD TXDQGRHVLVWHSURGXFHXQDULFFKH]]D IDFLOPHQWHTXDQWLILFDELOHHLQTXDQWR DO FRPPHUFLR LQ XQ PRQGR RUPDL JOREDOL]]DWR q XQ¶DWWLYLWj D WDO SXQWR VRJJHWWD DOOD LPSUHYHGLELOLWj GHOOD GRPDQGDHGHOO¶RIIHUWDGDVXELUHHVVR VWHVVRJOLVEDO]LHJOLXPRULGHULYDQWL GHO PHUFDWR )LQ WURSSRHYLGHQWH FKH OD FRQFHQWUD]LRQH GHOOH JUDQGL ULF FKH]]H GL FXL VL SDUOD QHOOD VWDWLVWLFD GLIILFLOPHQWH SRVVD HVVHUH DWWULEXLWD GDOVLVWHPDSURGXWWLYR )LQ WURSSR IDFLOH ULOHYDUH DO FRQ WUDULR FRPH VWLDPR YLYHQGR LQ XQD GHOOHHSRFKHSLDVVXUGHGHOODQRVWUD VWRULD UHFHQWH QHOOD TXDOH VWUDYROWL L SULQFuSL VHSSHOOLWL YLD YLD L YDORUL WUDGL]LRQDOL TXHOOL FKH FRQIHULYDQR GLJQLWjPDFRVWDYDQRIDWLFDLQJHJQR VWXGLR VDFULILFLR ODYRUR VHPSUH SLLQTXHOODFKHYLHQHRUPDLGHILQL WD O¶qUD GHOOD ILQDQ]D VSHFXODWLYD VL VWLD GLIIRQGHQGR O¶LGHD GHO GHQDUR FRPH GL XQD GLYLQLWj GHO VXR SRWHUH FRPH GHO VXUURJDWR GL XQ HIILPHUR SDUDGLVR WHUUHVWUH QHO TXDOH O¶DYHUH ,/%25*+(6( FRQWD SL GHOO¶HVVHUH H GRYH O¶HWLFD QRQqFKHXQDSHUILGDPHJHUDFDSDFH GL WUDVIRUPDUH LO PHULWR LO YDORUH O¶LQJHJQR OD VWHVVD GLJQLWj LQ XQ SLGRFFKLRVR JLRFR GL FDUWH FRQ LO TXDOH DOFXQL IDFFHQGLHUL DFFXPXODQR PRQWDJQH GL GHQDUR QRQ VROWDQWR FRPH VHPEUHUHEEH ORJLFR VFRPPHW WHQGR VXOOD SRVVLELOLWj FKH XQ EHQH DXPHQWL LO VXR YDORUH PD SXQWDQGR DGGLULWWXUD VXOOD SRVVLELOLWj FKH HVVR YDGDLQWRWDOHGHSHULPHQWR6SHFXOD ]LRQH SXUD 'HULYDWL SH]]L GL FDUWD XWLOH FRVWUXLWR D WDYROLQR R VXOOD WD VWLHUDGLXQFRPSXWHUVHQ]DFKHSHU TXHVWRVLFUHLXQVRORSRVWRGLODYR UR $QFKH VH q SUREDELOH FKH QHVVXQ ILORVRIR GHOOD QRVWUD HSRFD VL D]]DU GHUj SL D SDUODUH GHOOD SURSULHWj FRPHGLXQIXUWRQRQqGDHVFOXGHUVL FKHLQXQPRQGRQHOTXDOHXQDJUDQ SDUWH GHOOD SRSROD]LRQH VWD RUPDL YLFLQR DOOD VRJOLD GL PHQGLFLWj IDPLJOLHVSDGURQHJJLDQRFRQORVWHV VR SDWULPRQLR GL PLOLDUGL GL SHU VRQHGLTXLDSRFRTXDOFXQRVLDO]LD FKLHGHUHILQRDFKHSXQWRVLJLXVWLIL FKLQR DWWLYLWj FKH VHPSUH SL VRPL JOLDQR D IXUWL FRQ GHVWUH]]D R FKH VFRPPHWWHQGR DO ULEDVVR VXOOH GL VJUD]LH GHOOD QRVWUD HFRQRPLD DQ]L FKpIRUQLUHULFFKH]]D DL FLFOL SURGXW WLYL FRQ XQ VHPSOLFH JLRFR GL FDUWH PHWWRQR PLOLDUGL FRPH WURIHL QHOOH PDQL GL SRFKL SDIIXWL QDEDEEL QRQ FXUDQWLGHOIDWWRFKHSHUO¶LQHYLWDELOH SDVVDJJLR GHOO¶$FKHURQWH O¶RQHVWR EDUFDLROR VL FRQWHQWL RUD FRPH XQ PLOLRQHGLDQQLIDGLXQDVRODXPLOH PRQHWD 1R QRQ YL VRQR GLVFRUVL VLPPH WULFL &¶q IXUWR H IXUWR SURSULHWj H SURSULHWj 6DOYR FKH XQR QRQ FDSR YROJD RSSRUWXQDPHQWH OD ORJLFD FR PHIDFHYDQRXQWHPSRDOFXQLGHPHQ WL FKH ULYROWDYDQR OD FOHVVLGUD LOOX GHQGRVL LQ TXHO PRGR GL PHWWHUH LQ GLHWURLOWHPSR 3XUHVVHQGRLO3DHVHFRQODLPSR VL]LRQHILVFDOHSLHVRVDG¶(XURSDOR 6WDWR,WDOLDQRQRQKDIDWWRQHJOLXOWL PLWUHQW¶DQQLFKHDFFXPXODUHPLOLRQL GLGHELWLILQRDUDJJLXQJHUHXQSDVVLYR FKH VHJQD LQ (XURSD LO UDSSRUWR SL DOWR IUD GHELWR H 3LO VHJXLWR VROWDQWR GDO 3RUWRJDOOR H GDOO¶,UODQGD 6RPPH GD FDSRJLUR FKH JHQHUDQR RJQL DQQR PLOLDUGL GL LQWHUHVVL SDVVLYL FKH FL FRVWULQJRQRDWLUDUHODFLQJKLDHSHUL TXDOL GREELDPR HVVHUH JUDWL D TXHOOH GHFLQH GL SROLWLFL ©GLVWUDWWLª FKH GL PHQWLFKL GL HVVHUH L VHUYLWRUL GHOOR 6WDWRSHUDQQLKDQQRJRYHUQDWRODSL PHVFKLQD IRUPD GL PDOJRYHUQR &KH ILQHKDQQRIDWWRFRVWRUR"'RY¶qILQLWR WXWWR TXHO GHQDUR" &RPH KR VFULWWR TXDOFKH WHPSR ID VX TXHVWH VWHVVH FRORQQH OD FOHSWRPDQLD QHOOD QRVWUD FODVVH SROLWLFD q XQ PDOH HQGHPLFR FKHQDVFHFRQODQD]LRQH%DVWLSHQVD UHFKHORVFDQGDORGHOOD%DQFDGL5R PDULVDOHDVROLWUHGHFHQQLGDOO¶8QLWj G¶,WDOLD&RV¶qFDPELDWRGDDOORUD"'D DQQLOHJJLDPRRJQLJLRUQRGLPLQLVWUL GL VLQGDFL GL DVVHVVRUL GL EXURFUDWL DUUHVWDWL SHU SHFXODWR HYDVLRQH ILVFD OHILQDQ]LDPHQWL LOOHFLWL DSSDOWLDVVH JQDWL DO PDVVLPR ULEDVVR QHL TXDOL L FRVWL OLHYLWDQR LQ FRUVR G¶RSHUD DGGL ULWWXUD GHO SHU FHQWR H QHL TXDOL ULVXOWDQRHYLGHQWLLQWHUYHQWLPDILRVLH WDQJHQWL PLOLRQDULH &KLXQTXH VL VLD WURYDWR D SDVVDUH GDYDQWL DOOD FDVVD SDUHYLDEELDGLVLQYROWDPHQWHHWURS SR VSHVVR LPSXQHPHQWH DWWLQWR D SLHQHPDQL 6HJOLDQWLFKL5RPDQLJLjQHO D& SUHYHGHYDQR SHU L ODGUL SHQH VHYHULVVLPH FRPH O¶HVSURSULR GHL EHQL H OD SXEEOLFD IXVWLJD]LRQH SHU FKp TXHVWD UHJROD QHOOD QXRYD 5RPD QRQ VL HVHUFLWD SL" ( TXDOH OHJJH TXDOH PRUDOH VHUYLUj SHU IHUPDUH TXHVWLSUHGRQLRUDFKHLOGHQDURqXQ 'LRHODPRUDOHWUDVFLQDWDWULVWHPHQ WHQHOIDQJRqRUPDLULGRWWDDOUDQJR GLXQDGRQQDGLPDODIIDUH"
Scarica
