FINAL NEWSLETTER
12-04-06
07:19
™ÂÏ›‰·16
∏ ÁÓÒÌË ÙÔ˘ ÂȉÈÎÔ‡
∆˙Ô˘ÏÈ¿Ó· ∞ÓÙˆÓÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘ -∫ÔÌ›Ó / π·ÙÚfi˜ √ÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈÎfi˜
∫Ï·ÛÈ΋ √ÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈ΋ π·ÙÚÈ΋, ª·ÚÔ‡ÛÈ - ∞ı‹Ó·.
∞Á·ËÙÔ› Û˘Ó¿‰ÂÏÊÔÈ,
ªÂ ÙËÓ Â˘Î·ÈÚ›· ÙÔ˘ ¿ÚıÚÔ˘ Ô˘ ‰ËÌÔÛȇÙËΠÙÔÓ ÂÚ·Ṳ̂ÓÔ
∞‡ÁÔ˘ÛÙÔ ÛÙÔ ÂÚÈÔ‰ÈÎfi Lancet ÁÈ· ÙÔ «Ù¤ÏÔ˜ Ù˘ √ÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈ΋˜» Î·È Ô˘ ÙfiÛÔ Ôχ ‰È·ÊËÌ›ÛÙËΠ·fi Ù· ªª∂ ›¯·Ì ÙËÓ
¢ηÈÚ›· Ó· ÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓ‹ÛÔ˘Ì Ì ÙÔÓ ∫·ıËÁËÙ‹ Paolo Bellavite ηÈ
Ó· ¿ÚÔ˘Ì ÙËÓ ÁÓÒÌË ÙÔ˘ Û¯ÂÙÈο Ì ÙÔ ·ÓˆÙ¤Úˆ Ë ÔÔ›· Î·È ¤¯ÂÈ
ÂÎÊÚ·ÛÙ› ‰ËÌfiÛÈ· ÛÙËÓ Â›ÛËÌË ÈÛÙÔÛÂÏ›‰· Ù˘ ∂Ù·ÈÚ›·˜ √ÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈ΋˜ π·ÙÚÈ΋˜ Ù˘ πÙ·Ï›·˜. √ ηıËÁËÙ‹˜ Paolo Bellavite ›ӷÈ
‚·ÛÈο ·ÏÏÔ·ıËÙÈÎfi˜ È·ÙÚfi˜ Ì Master ÛÙËÓ µÈÔÙ¯ÓÔÏÔÁ›· ÛÙÔ
¶·Ó/ÌÈÔ ÙÔ˘ Cranfield (UK) Î·È ÙÒÚ· Â›Ó·È Î·ıËÁËÙ‹˜ ÛÙËÓ °ÂÓÈ΋
¶·ıÔÏÔÁ›· ÛÙÔ ¶·Ó/ÌÈÔ Ù˘ µÂÚfiÓ· - πÙ·Ï›·˜. ∏ ‚·ÛÈ΋ ÂȉÈÎfiÙËÙ¿
ÙÔ˘ Â›Ó·È Ë ∞ÈÌ·ÙÔÏÔÁ›·. Œ¯ÂÈ ‰ËÌÔÛȇÛÂÈ ¿Ú· ÔÏÏ¿ ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈο ¿ÚıÚ· Ì ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓÔ ÙËÓ °ÂÓÈ΋ ¶·ıÔÏÔÁ›· ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ÙËÓ
√ÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈ΋ Î·È ÙȘ ÂÓ·ÏÏ·ÎÙÈΤ˜ ÌÔÚʤ˜ π·ÙÚÈ΋˜. Œ¯ÂÈ ‰ËÌÔÛȇÛÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ∞ÌÂÚÈ΋ ÙÔ ‚È‚Ï›Ô «Homeopathy, a Frontier in Medical
Science» Î·È ÙÔ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ ÙÔ˘ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ √ÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈ΋ ÂÛÙÈ¿˙ÂÙ·È
ÛÙÔ Î·Ù¿ fiÛÔ Ë ÌÔÓÙ¤ÚÓ· °ÂÓÈ΋ ¶·ıÔÏÔÁ›· Ì ÙȘ Ӥ˜ ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈΤ˜ ÌÂıfi‰Ô˘˜ Ô˘ ‰È·ı¤ÙÂÈ ÌÔÚ› Ó· Û˘ÓÂÈÛʤÚÂÈ ıÂÙÈο ÛÙËÓ
·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË Ù˘ √ÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈ΋˜ ÙfiÛÔ Û ÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚÈ·Îfi fiÛÔ Î·È ÛÂ
ÎÏÈÓÈÎfi Â›‰Ô, ı¤ÙÔÓÙ·˜ Û·Ó ÙÂÏÈÎfi ÛÙfi¯Ô ÙËÓ √ÏÔÎÏËڈ̤ÓË
π·ÙÚÈ΋ (Integrated Medicine) ÂÓۈ̷ÙÒÓÔÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ √ÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈ΋ π·ÙÚÈ΋ ÛÙË ™˘Ì‚·ÙÈ΋ Î·È ÙËÓ ·ÚÌÔÓÈ΋ Û˘Ó‡·ÚÍË ÙÔ˘˜. Œ¯ÂÈ
ȉڇÛÂÈ ÙËÓ Associazione "Giovanni Scolaro" per la Medicina
Integrata e l'Osservatorio per le Medicine Complementari.
∏ √ÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈ΋ ·ÎfiÌ· ÌÈ· ÊÔÚ¿ ˘fi
ÙËÓ ‰ÔÎÈÌ·Û›· Ù˘ evidence based medicine.
(·ÎÚÈ‚‹˜ ÌÂÙ¿ÊÚ·ÛË ÙÔ˘ ¿ÚıÚÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ ηıËÁËÙÔ‡
°ÂÓÈ΋˜ ¶·ıÔÏÔÁ›·˜ Paolo Bellavite, Universita degli
studi di Verona)
Ÿˆ˜ Â›Ó·È ÁÓˆÛÙfi Û ÔÏÏÔ‡˜ ·fi ÂÌ¿˜ ÌÈ· ÌÂϤÙË Ô˘ ‰ËÌÔ-
14
ÛȇÙËΠÛÙÔ Lancet(1) ÂÚ› Ù· Ù¤ÏË ∞˘ÁÔ‡ÛÙÔ˘, ·fi ∂Ï‚ÂÙÔ‡˜ ÂÚ¢ÓËÙ¤˜ ı¤ÏËÛ·Ó Ó· ·ԉ›ÍÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ÈÛÔ‰˘Ó·Ì›· Ù˘ √ÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈ΋˜
ÌÂ ÙÔ ÂÈÎÔÓÈÎfi Ê¿ÚÌ·ÎÔ (placebo).
To ·ÓˆÙ¤Úˆ ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ ‰ËÌÈÔ‡ÚÁËÛ Ôχ ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ·Ó·Ù·Ú·¯‹ ΢ڛˆ˜
ÂÂȉ‹ ‚ڋΠÌÂÁ¿ÏË ·‹¯ËÛË ÛÙ· ªª∂. ∏ «√ÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈ΋ ·¤Ù˘¯Â» ¤ÁÚ·„Â Ë ÈÙ·ÏÈ΋ ÂÊËÌÂÚ›‰· “La Stampa”, ÙÔ Â›ÛËÌÔ ÈÙ·ÏÈÎfi
Ú·ÎÙÔÚÂ›Ô Âȉ‹ÛˆÓ,A¡SA, ‰È¤‰ˆÛ ÙËÓ Â›‰ËÛË «π·ÙÚÈ΋: ∏ √ÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈ΋ ‰ÂÓ ¯ÚÂÈ¿˙ÂÙ·È» Î.Ô.Î.
™ÙËÓ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ ¿ÚıÚÔ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓÙ· ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ Ù· ÔÔ›· ·ÚÂÌ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙ·È Û ÌÈ· ÛÂÈÚ¿ ‰ËÌÔÛȇÛÂˆÓ Î·È
ÌÂÙ·-·Ó·Ï‡ÛÂˆÓ Ù· ÔÔ›· ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Û·Ó Ù· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ·˘Ù‹
ÙËÓ ÙfiÛÔ ·ÚÂÍËÁË̤ÓË ÂÈÛÙ‹ÌË. √È Û˘ÁÁÚ·Ê›˜ Ù˘ ÌÂϤÙ˘ ÂÎÎÈÓÔ‡Ó ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÔ›ıËÛË fiÙÈ Ù· È·ÙÚÈο ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· Ù˘ √ÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈ΋˜ «‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ·Ô‰ÂÎÙ¿» Î·È fiÙÈ Ù· ıÂÙÈο ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· Ù·
ÔÔ›· ̤¯ÚÈ Û‹ÌÂÚ· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ·Ó·ÊÂÚı› ·fi ÎÏÈÓÈΤ˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜ ›ӷÈ
¤Ó· ÚÔ˚fiÓ ÛÙ·ÙÈÛÙÈÎÔ‡ Ï¿ıÔ˘˜ (bias) ÙfiÛÔ Î·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘
¤Ú¢ӷ˜ fiÛÔ Î·È Î·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘ ‰ËÌÔÛ›Â˘Û˘. °È· Ó· ·ԉ›ÍÔ˘Ó ·˘Ù‹ ÙËÓ ı¤ÛË ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÔ‡Ó ¤Ó· ÚˆÙfiÙ˘Ô ‰ÚfiÌÔ.
™˘Ó¤ÏÂÍ·Ó 110 ÎÏÈÓÈΤ˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜ ÔÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈ΋˜ Î·È ÁÈ· Ó· οÓÔ˘Ó
Û‡ÁÎÚÈÛË Ì ÙȘ ÌÂϤÙ˜ Ù˘ ÎÏ·ÛÛÈ΋˜ È·ÙÚÈ΋˜, Â¤ÏÂÍ·Ó ·fi ÙËÓ
‰ÈÂıÓ‹ ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›· ÌÂ Ù˘¯·›Ô ÙÚfiÔ ›ÛÔ ·ÚÈıÌfi ÎÏÈÓÈÎÒÓ ÌÂÏÂ-
ÙÒÓ ·ÏÏÔ·ıËÙÈ΋˜ Ì ÙËÓ ›‰È· ÓÔÛÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÔÓÙfiÙËÙ· (΢ڛˆ˜ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜
Ì ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈο ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù·, ·ÏÏÂÚÁ›Â˜, ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÈÎfi ¿ÛıÌ·, Á˘Ó·ÈÎÔÏÔÁÈο, ¯ÂÈÚÔ˘ÚÁÈο, Ó¢ÚÔÏÔÁÈο, Á·ÛÙÚÂÓÙÂÚÔÏÔÁÈο, ·Ó·ÈÛıËÛÈÔÏÔÁÈο ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù·, ÚÂ˘Ì·ÙÔ¿ıÂȘ). ŸÏ˜ ÔÈ ÌÂϤÙ˜ ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ ÂÍÂÙ¿ÛıËÎ·Ó ‹Ù·Ó Ù˘¯·ÈÔÔÈË̤Ó˜ Î·È ÂÏÂÁ¯fiÌÂÓ˜ Ì placebo. ∆· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· Â›Ó·È Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ Ù· ·ÎfiÏÔ˘ı·:
1. ∫·È ÛÙȘ ‰‡Ô ÙȘ ÔÌ¿‰Â˜ (‰ËÌÔÛȇÛÂȘ √ÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈ΋˜ Î·È ∫Ï·ÛÈ΋˜ È·ÙÚÈ΋˜) ÛÙËÓ ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ÏÂÈÔÓfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘˜ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚıËÛ·Ó ıÂÙÈο
·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ÙÔ˘ Ê·ÚÌ¿ÎÔ˘ Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ÙÔ ÂÈÎÔÓÈÎfi Ê¿ÚÌ·ÎÔ
(placebo).
2. ªÈ· ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË Ù˘ ÔÈÔÙÈ΋˜ ÌÂıÔ‰ÔÏÔÁ›·˜ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈ‹ıËΠÁÈ· Ó·
‰Ôı› ÌÈ· ‚·ıÌÔÓfiÌËÛË ÙˆÓ ÌÂÏÂÙÒÓ. ªfiÓÔ 21 ÌÂϤÙ˜ ÔÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈ΋˜ (19%) Î·È ·ÎfiÌ· ÏÈÁfiÙÂÚ˜ 9 (8%) Ù˘ ÎÏ·ÛÛÈ΋˜ È·ÙÚÈ΋˜ ÎÚ›ıËÎ·Ó fiÙÈ Â›Ó·È ˘„ËÏ‹˜ ÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜.
3. ∫·È ÛÙȘ 2 ÙȘ ÔÌ¿‰Â˜, ÔÈ ÈÔ ÌÈÎÚ¤˜ Î·È ÂΛӘ ¯·ÌËÏ‹˜ ÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜
ÌÂϤÙ˜ ¤‰ÂÈÍ·Ó ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ Â˘ÂÚÁÂÙÈο ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· Û ۯ¤ÛË ÌÂ
ÂΛӘ ˘„ËÏfiÙÂÚ˘ ÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜. ∂ÈϤÁÔÓÙ·˜ ‰Â, ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ ÌÂÏÂÙÒÓ
˘„ËÏ‹˜ ÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜, ÂΛӘ Ì ÙÔÓ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ ·ÚÈıÌfi ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ ÙÔ
odds ratio ÙˆÓ ÔÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈÎÒÓ ÌÂÏÂÙÒÓ (8 ÌÂϤÙ˜) ‹Ù·Ó 0.88 (95%
CI 0.65-1.19) ÂÓÒ ÂΛÓÔ ÙˆÓ ÌÂÏÂÙÒÓ Ù˘ ÎÏ·ÛÈ΋˜ Û˘Ì‚·ÙÈ΋˜ È·ÙÚÈ΋˜ (6 ÌÂϤÙ˜) ‹Ù·Ó 0.58 (0.39-0.85).
∏ ÂÚÌËÓ›· ÙˆÓ ∂Ï‚ÂÙÒÓ ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÒÓ (Ë ÔÔ›· ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È ·ÎÚÈ‚Ò˜
ÛÙËÓ ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë ÙÔ˘ ¿ÚıÚÔ˘ Î·È ÂȂ‚·ÈÒÓÂÙ·È ÛÙ· Û˘ÌÂÚ¿ÛÌ·Ù· Ù˘
Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤Ó˘ ÌÂϤÙ˘) ‹Ù·Ó fiÙÈ «Ù· ÛÙ·ÙÈÛÙÈο Ï¿ıË ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È
ÛÙȘ Placebo - ÂÏÂÁ¯fiÌÂÓ˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜ Ù˘ √ÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈ΋˜ Î·È Ù˘ Û˘Ì‚·ÙÈ΋˜ È·ÙÚÈ΋˜. ŸÙ·Ó ÛÙËÓ ÙÂÏÈ΋ ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·È ˘fi„Ë ·˘Ù¿
Ù· Ï¿ıË, ÙfiÙ ̿ÏÏÔÓ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÈÛ¯Ó‹ ·fi‰ÂÈÍË ÙˆÓ ÂȉÈÎÒÓ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÙˆÓ ÔÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈÎÒÓ Ê·Ú̿ΈÓ, ÂÓÒ ·Ú·Ì¤ÓÂÈ ÈÛ¯˘Ú‹ ·fi‰ÂÈÍË ÙˆÓ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÙˆÓ ·ÚÂÌ‚¿ÛÂˆÓ Ù˘ Û˘Ì‚·ÙÈ΋˜ È·ÙÚÈ΋˜.
∆Ô ·ÓˆÙ¤Úˆ ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· Â›Ó·È Û˘Ì‚·Ùfi Ì ÙËÓ È‰¤· fiÙÈ Ù· ÎÏÈÓÈο ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· Ù˘ √ÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈ΋˜ Â›Ó·È ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ÂÈÎÔÓÈÎÔ‡ Ê·ÚÌ¿ÎÔ˘ (placebo)».
∞ÎfiÌ· ÈÔ ÁÂÓÈÎfiÙÂÚ·, ˘ÂÓı˘Ì›˙ÂÙ·È fiÙÈ Ô ÙÚfiÔ˜ ÂÈÏÔÁ‹˜ ÙˆÓ ÔÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈÎÒÓ Ê·ÚÌ¿ÎˆÓ Ì ÛÙfi¯Ô ÙËÓ
ıÂÚ·›· ÙÔ˘ ·ÛıÂÓÔ‡˜, Á›ÓÂÙ·È Ì ‚¿ÛÂÈ ¤Ó· Û‡ÌÏÂÁÌ· „˘¯Ô-ۈ̷ÙÈÎÒÓ Û˘ÌÙˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ÂÎÙÈÌ¿Ù·È
Ì ÎÚÈÙ‹ÚÈ· ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈο ·fi ÂΛӷ Ù˘ ÎÏ·ÛÈ΋˜-Û˘Ì‚·ÙÈ΋˜ ÓÔÛÔÏÔÁ›·˜. ¢ÂÓ ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È fiˆ˜ Ôχ ÈÛÙ‡ԢÓ, ÁÈ· Ì›· ȉÂÔÏÔÁÈ΋ «ÔÏÈÛÙÈ΋» ÂÈÏÔÁ‹, ‹ ÁÈ· Ì›·
ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚË ÚÔÛÔ¯‹ ÛÙȘ ·Ó¿ÁΘ ÙÔ˘ ·ÛıÂÓÔ‡˜, Ô‡ÙÂ
ÁÈ· Ì›· ËıÈ΋ Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿ ÙÔ˘ ÔÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈÎÔ‡ È·ÙÚÔ‡,
·ÏÏ¿ ÁÈ· Ì›· ·ÎÚÈ‚‹ ÌÂıÔ‰ÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ηÙ‡ı˘ÓÛË Û˘ÓÂȉËÙ‹ Ì ÙËÓ ·Ú¯‹ Ù˘ ÔÌÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÈÏÔÁ‹ ÙÔ˘
Ê·ÚÌ¿ÎÔ˘.
¶·Ú` fiÏ· ·˘Ù¿ Ù· ·ÓˆÙ¤Úˆ ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· Âȉ¤¯ÔÓÙ·È ÎÚÈÙÈ΋˜ ÁÈ·
ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÎfiÏÔ˘ıÔ˘˜ ÏfiÁÔ˘˜:
1. •ÂÎÈÓÒÓÙ·˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÛË fiÙÈ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ· ıÂÙÈο ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ÛÙȘ ÌÂϤÙ˜ Ì ¯·ÌËÏfiÙÂÚË ÔÈfiÙËÙ· (‰ËÏ. Û ÂΛӘ ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ ˘fiÎÂÈÓÙ·È Û˘¯ÓfiÙÂÚ· Û ÛÙ·ÙÈÛÙÈÎfi Ï¿ıÔ˜), ÂÚÓÔ‡Ó
ÁÚ‹ÁÔÚ· ÛÙËÓ ·fiÚÚÈ„Ë en-block Î·È Î·ı` ÔÏÔÎÏËÚ›·Ó Ù˘ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚ˘ ÏÂÈÔÓfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙˆÓ ıÂÙÈÎÒÓ ÌÂÏÂÙÒÓ (80% ÙˆÓ ÔÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈÎÒÓ Î·È
90% ÙˆÓ ·ÏÏÔ·ıËÙÈÎÒÓ). °›ÓÂÙ·È ‚¤‚·È· ·ÓÙÈÏËÙfi Û ·˘Ùfi ÙÔ
FINAL NEWSLETTER
12-04-06
07:19
™ÂÏ›‰·17
ÛËÌ›Ô-ÎÏÂȉ› Ù˘ ÌÂϤÙ˘ Ë ÌÂϤÙË Á›ÓÂÙ·È Ôχ ·Û·Ê‹˜ Î·È ‰ÂÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ·Ó·Ï˘ÙÈο ÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ ‚·ıÌÔÓfiÌËÛ˘ Ù˘ ÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙˆÓ ÌÂÏÂÙÒÓ.
∞ÏÏ¿ Ë ÈÔ Û˘˙ËÙ‹ÛÈÌË ÚÔÛ¿ıÂÈ· ÙˆÓ ∂Ï‚ÂÙÒÓ ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÒÓ, Â›Ó·È Ô
ÙÚfiÔ˜ ¯Ú‹Û˘ ÙˆÓ ‰Â‰ÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ Ù· ÔÔ›· ›¯·Ó Û˘Ïϯı›, Ì ÙËÓ ÙÂÏÈ΋ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔ›ËÛË ÌfiÓÔ ÂÓfi˜ ÌÈÎÚÔ‡ ·ÚÈıÌÔ‡ ÌÂÏÂÙÒÓ Û ÌÈ· ÛÙ·ÙÈÛÙÈ΋ ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË Û‡ÁÎÚÈÛ˘ Î·È ÙÂÏÈÎfi Û˘Ì¤Ú·ÛÌ· ÙËÓ ·ÓÂ¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘
√ÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈ΋˜. °È· ÙÔ Ò˜ ı· Á›ÓÂÈ Ë ÂÈÏÔÁ‹ ÙˆÓ ÌÂÏÂÙÒÓ Ô˘ Ú¤ÂÈ
Ó· ÂÈÛ·¯ıÔ‡Ó ‹ Ó· ·ÔÚÚÈÊıÔ‡Ó Û ÌÈ· ÌÂÙ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË ‰ÂÓ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó
·ÎfiÌË Û‡ÌʈÓ˜ ÁÓÒ̘ ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÒÓ Î·È Î·Ù¿ Û˘Ó¤ÂÈ·
οı ÂÈÏÔÁ‹ ÂÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹˜ ‹ ·fiÚÚȄ˘ ¤¯ÂÈ Ù· ˘¤Ú Î·È Ù· ηٿ. ™˘ÓÂÒ˜
Ë ·ÎÂÚ·ÈfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ Û˘ÌÂÚ·ÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ Ù˘ ÌÂϤÙ˘ ÙÔ˘ Lancet Â›Ó·È Ôχ
·ÌÊ›‚ÔÏË, Û˘ÓÂÈÎÔ˘ÚÔ‡ÌÂÓË Î·È ·fi ÙÔ ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ fiÙÈ ÛÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË Ù˘
·ÚÔ˘Û›·Û˘ ‰ÂÓ Á›ÓÂÙ·È ·ÎÚÈ‚‹˜ ·Ó·ÊÔÚ¿ ÔȘ ÌÂϤÙ˜ Û˘ÌÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·È, Ô‡Ù ÔÈÔ ı¤Ì· ÂÍÂÙ¿˙Ô˘Ó, Ô‡Ù Û ÔÈÔ Ù‡Ô «ÔÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈ΋˜» (Ë ¤Ú¢ӷ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È Û˘ÓÔÏÈο ÛÙËÓ ∫Ï·ÛÈ΋ √ÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈ΋,
¶ÏÔ˘Ú·ÏÈÛÙÈ΋ √ÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈ΋-¶ÔÏ˘Ê·Ú̷Λ·, πÛÔ·ıËÙÈ΋) Ô‡Ù ÁÈ·
ÙÔ Ò˜ ηıÔÚ›ÛÙËΠÙÔ cut-off ÛËÌÂ›Ô ·fiÚÚȄ˘ Ù˘ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚ˘ ÏÂÈÔ„ËÊ›·˜ ÙˆÓ ÌÂÏÂÙÒÓ.
2. ª›· ¿ÏÏË ÌÂıÔ‰ÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÏÂ˘Ú¿ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÔÔ›· ı· ¤ÚÂ ӷ Á›ÓÂÈ
ÔÏÏ‹ Û˘˙‹ÙËÛË Â›Ó·È Ô ÙÚfiÔ˜ ÂÈÏÔÁ‹˜ ÙˆÓ “outcome” ‰ËÏ. Ù˘ ¤Î‚·Û˘ ‹ ÙˆÓ ·Ú·Ì¤ÙÚˆÓ Ì ÙȘ Ôԛ˜ ı· ÂÎÙÈÌËı› Ë ÛËÌ·Û›· ÙˆÓ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ. ∞fi ÙËÓ Ì›· ÏÂ˘Ú¿ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ÛˆÛÙfi Ó· ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È
Ù· ›‰È· ÎÚÈÙ‹ÚÈ· ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ (.¯. ·Ô˘Û›· Û˘Ìو̿وÓ, ıÓËÛÈÌfiÙËÙ·, Ë ıÂÚÌÔÎÚ·Û›· ÛÒÌ·ÙÔ˜, ÙÈ̤˜ ÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚÈ·ÎÒÓ ÂÍÂÙ¿ÛˆÓ) ÁÈ·
‰‡Ô ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈΤ˜ ÌÂıfi‰Ô˘˜ ÙfiÛÔ ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈΤ˜: ÛÙËÓ √ÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈ΋
‰ÂÓ ÂÎÙÈÌ¿Ù·È ¿ÓÙ· Ë ·¿ÓÙËÛË Û ·ÓÙÈÎÂÈÌÂÓÈο Â˘Ú‹Ì·Ù·-‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ
·ÏÏ¿ ¿ÓÙ· Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·È ˘fi„Ë Ù· ˘ÔÎÂÈÌÂÓÈο ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ fiˆ˜ Ë
˙ˆÙÈ΋ ÂÓ¤ÚÁÂÈ· Î·È Ë ÔÈfiÙËÙ· ˙ˆ‹˜, ·ÎfiÌ· Î·È ÌË Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·˜ ˘fi„Ë
ÙËÓ ¤ÓÙ·ÛË ÙÔ˘ ·Ú¯ÈÎÔ‡ Û˘ÌÙÒÌ·ÙÔ˜. ∞fi ÙËÓ ¿ÏÏË ÏÂ˘Ú¿, ÛÙËÓ ÂÎÙ›ÌËÛË ÙˆÓ ‰È·ÊfiÚˆÓ ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈÎÒÓ Ù¯ÓÈÎÒÓ ‹ ÌÂıfi‰ˆÓ, ı· ¤ÚÂ ӷ
ÂÈÛ·¯ıÔ‡Ó ÎÚÈÙ‹ÚÈ· Ù· ÔÔ›· ÂÎÙfi˜ ·fi ÙË ÛÙÂÓ‹ ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈ΋ «·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·» Î·È ÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ Ì ÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô ÌÈ· ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈ΋ ̤ıÔ‰Ô˜
ÂÈϤÁÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔÓ ÂÓ ‰˘Ó¿ÌÂÈ ·ÛıÂÓÔ‡ÓÙ· ÏËı˘ÛÌfi ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ıÂÚ·›·
ÙÔ˘, fiˆ˜ Â›Û˘ Î·È ÙËÓ Ú·ÎÙÈ΋ Ù˘ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹, Ó· Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·È ˘fi„Ë
ÔÈ ·ÚÂÓ¤ÚÁÂȘ (Ì›· ·Ú¿ÌÂÙÚÔ˜ Ë ÔÔ›· Û fiϘ ÙȘ ÌÂϤÙ˜ ÔÈ Ôԛ˜
Û˘Ó¤ÎÚÈÓ·Ó ÙËÓ ÔÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈ΋ Ì ÙËÓ ·ÏÏÔ·ıËÙÈ΋ ¤‰ˆÛ·Ó ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ
ÏÂÔÓ¤ÎÙËÌ· ÛÙËÓ ÚÒÙË) Î·È ÙÔ ÎfiÛÙÔ˜ Ù˘ ηıÂÌ›·˜ ·fi ·˘Ù¤˜. ∫·Ì›·
·fi ·˘Ù¤˜ ÙȘ ÂÎÙÈÌ‹ÛÂȘ ÎfiÛÙÔ˘˜ - ÔʤÏÔ˘˜, ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ Ôχ ÂÎÙÈÌÒÓÙ·È
Û‹ÌÂÚ· Î·È ÛÙË Û˘Ì‚·ÙÈ΋ È·ÙÚÈ΋ ‰ÂÓ Û˘ÌÂÚÈÏ‹ÊıËΠÛÙËÓ ÙfiÛÔ ‰È·ÊËÌÈṲ̂ÓË ÌÂϤÙË ÙˆÓ ∂Ï‚ÂÙÒÓ ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÒÓ.
3. ∞ÎfiÌ· ÈÔ ÁÂÓÈÎfiÙÂÚ·, ˘ÂÓı˘Ì›˙ÂÙ·È fiÙÈ Ô ÙÚfiÔ˜ ÂÈÏÔÁ‹˜ ÙˆÓ
ÔÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈÎÒÓ Ê·ÚÌ¿ÎˆÓ Ì ÛÙfi¯Ô ÙËÓ ıÂÚ·›· ÙÔ˘ ·ÛıÂÓÔ‡˜, Á›ÓÂÙ·È Ì ‚¿ÛÂÈ ¤Ó· Û‡ÌÏÂÁÌ· „˘¯Ô-ۈ̷ÙÈÎÒÓ Û˘ÌÙˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô
ÂÎÙÈÌ¿Ù·È Ì ÎÚÈÙ‹ÚÈ· ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈο ·fi ÂΛӷ Ù˘ ÎÏ·ÛÈ΋˜-Û˘Ì‚·ÙÈ΋˜
ÓÔÛÔÏÔÁ›·˜. ¢ÂÓ ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È fiˆ˜ Ôχ ÈÛÙ‡ԢÓ, ÁÈ· Ì›· ȉÂÔÏÔÁÈ΋
«ÔÏÈÛÙÈ΋» ÂÈÏÔÁ‹, ‹ ÁÈ· Ì›· ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚË ÚÔÛÔ¯‹ ÛÙȘ ·Ó¿ÁΘ ÙÔ˘
·ÛıÂÓÔ‡˜, Ô‡Ù ÁÈ· Ì›· ËıÈ΋ Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿ ÙÔ˘ ÔÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈÎÔ‡ È·ÙÚÔ‡,
·ÏÏ¿ ÁÈ· Ì›· ·ÎÚÈ‚‹ ÌÂıÔ‰ÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ηÙ‡ı˘ÓÛË Û˘ÓÂȉËÙ‹ Ì ÙËÓ ·Ú¯‹
Ù˘ ÔÌÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÈÏÔÁ‹ ÙÔ˘ Ê·ÚÌ¿ÎÔ˘.
™˘ÓÂÒ˜ ÔÔÈ·‰‹ÔÙ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ÌÂϤÙË Ë ÔÔ›· ‰ÂÓ Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ˘fi„Ë Ù˘
·˘Ù‹ ÙËÓ ··Ú·›ÙËÙË ·Ú¯‹ ÙË ÔÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈ΋˜ Î·È ÂÍÂÙ¿˙ÂÈ ÙËÓ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ·˘Ù‹˜ Ù˘ ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈ΋˜ ÌÂıfi‰Ô˘, ‹ ÂÓfi˜ ÌfiÓÔ Ê·ÚÌ¿ÎÔ˘,
«ÁÈ· ÌÈ· Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓË ÓfiÛÔ», ‹ «ÁÈ· οÔÈÔ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓÔ Û‡Ìو̷»
˘Ô¯ÚÂÒÓÂÈ ÙËÓ ÔÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈ΋ Û ̛· «Ê˘Ï·Î‹» Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ Ù˘
·Ó‹ÎÂÈ Î·È ÌÂÈÒÓÂÈ ·Ó·fiÊ¢ÎÙ· ÙËÓ ÛËÌ·Û›· ·˘Ù‹˜ Ù˘ ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈ΋˜ ÌÂıfi‰Ô˘. £ÂˆÚËÙÈο ÛÙËÓ √ÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈ΋ ÌÔÚԇ̠¿ÓÙ·
Ó· οÓÔ˘Ì -Î·È ·˘Ùfi ¤ÁÈÓ ÛÙȘ ÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜ Ô˘ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚıËÎ·Ó ÛÙÔ
Lancet- ÌÈ· ÌÂϤÙË Ë ÔÔ›· ı¤ÙÂÈ Û·Ó outcome (¤Î‚·ÛË) ÌÈ·
«Û˘Ì‚·ÙÈ΋» ·Ú¿ÌÂÙÚÔ: ·Ó ıÂÚ·‡ԢÌ ¤Ó·Ó ¿ÚÚˆÛÙÔ ÛÙËÓ
ÔÏfiÙËÙ¿ ÙÔ˘ ÌÔÚԇ̠ӷ ÂÚÈ̤ÓÔ˘Ì fiÙÈ Î·È Ù· Û˘ÌÙÒÌ·Ù¿
ÙÔ˘ ‹ ÙÔ˘Ï¿¯ÈÛÙÔÓ Î¿ÔÈÔ ·fi ·˘Ù¿ Ó· ‚ÂÏÙȈıÔ‡Ó. ¶·Ú` fiÏ·
·˘Ù¿ ·˘Ùfi ÙÔ ÂÓÓÔÈÔÏÔÁÈÎfi Î·È ÌÂıÔ‰ÔÏÔÁÈÎfi «ÌÂÈÔÓ¤ÎÙËÌ·» ı·
Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Á›ÓÂÈ ÁÓˆÛÙfi Î·È Ó· ÍÂηı·ÚÈÛÙ›, Ô‡Ùˆ˜ ÒÛÙ ӷ Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÂÙ·È ¿ÓÙ· ˘fi„Ë ÛÙȘ ÂÎÙÈÌ‹ÛÂȘ Î·È ÂȉÈÎfiÙÂÚ· ·Ó Ú¤ÂÈ Ó·
Û˘ÁÎÚ›ÓÔ˘Ì ÙËÓ ÔÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈ΋ Ì ÙËÓ ·ÏÏÔ·ıËÙÈ΋, fiˆ˜ ¤Î·Ó·Ó ÔÈ ∂Ï‚ÂÙÔ› ÂÚ¢ÓËÙ¤˜.
4. H ÂÎÙ›ÌËÛË Ù˘ ÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙˆÓ ÔÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈÎÒÓ ÌÂÏÂÙÒÓ, ÛÙÔ
¿ÚıÚÔ ÙˆÓ ·ÓˆÙ¤Úˆ Û˘ÁÁڷʤˆÓ, ‚·Û›˙ÂÙ·È Û ÎÚÈÙ‹ÚÈ· Ù· ÔÔ›·
ŸÌˆ˜ ͯӿÌ fiÙÈ Ù¤ÙÔÈ· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· Ù· ÔÔ›·
ÔÓÔÌ¿˙Ô˘Ì “placebo” ‰ÂÓ ÔÊ›ÏÔÓÙ·È Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ Û ÌÈ·
“‰Ú¿ÛË” ÙÔ˘ ÂÈÎÔÓÈÎÔ‡ Ê·ÚÌ¿ÎÔ˘ (ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô Â›Ó·È
¯ËÌÈο ·‰Ú·Ó¤˜), ·ÏÏ¿ Ì¿ÏÏÔÓ Â›Ó·È «ÌË ÂȉÈο ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù·» Ù· ÔÔ›· Û˘Ó‰¤ÔÓÙ·È Ì ÙËÓ «·˘ÙfiÌ·ÙË»
‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË Ë ÔÔ›· ÔÊ›ÏÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÂÓ‰ÔÁÂÓ‹ ÈηÓfiÙËÙ· ›·Û˘ ÙÔ˘ ·ÛıÂÓÔ‡˜. ∂ÈϤÔÓ Û ÔÔÈ·‰‹ÔÙÂ
ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈ΋ ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛË ·›˙Ô˘Ó ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ÚfiÏÔ Ë
ÂÌÈÛÙÔÛ‡ÓË ÛÙÔÓ È·ÙÚfi Î·È Ë ·Ó·ÌÔÓ‹ ÙÔ˘ ·ÛıÂÓÔ‡˜, Ë ‰È·ıÂÛÈÌfiÙËÙ¿ ÙÔ˘ Ó· ‰Â¯ı› ÙËÓ ıÂÚ·›·
·fi ÙÔÓ È·ÙÚfi ηıÒ˜ Â›Û˘ Î·È Ë ‚Ô‡ÏËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÁÈ·
›·ÛË ·fi ÙËÓ ÓfiÛÔ ÙÔ˘.
¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÎÙ›ÌËÛË ÙˆÓ ·ÏÏÔ·ıËÙÈÎÒÓ Ê·ÚÌ¿ÎˆÓ Î·È ÂȉÈÎfiÙÂÚ· ÛÙËÓ Ù˘¯·ÈÔÔÈË̤ÓË-ÂÏÂÁ¯fiÌÂÓË ÌÂϤÙË ÌÂ
placebo: ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· ‰‡Ô (‹ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚˆÓ) ÔÌ¿‰ˆÓ ‰È·Ì¤ÛÔ˘
Ù˘¯·›·˜ ÂÈÏÔÁ‹˜ Î·È ·fiÎÚ˘„˘ Ù˘ ‰Ôı›Û˘ ıÂÚ·›·˜ (‰ÈÏ‹ ‹
ÙÚÈÏ‹ Ù˘ÊÏ‹ ÌÂϤÙË). ∏ Ù˘¯·ÈÔÔ›ËÛË ¿ÓÙˆ˜ Â›Ó·È ¤Ó· ÎÚÈÙ‹ÚÈÔ
·Ô‰ÂÎÙfi Î·È ÈÛ¯˘Úfi ÁÈ· Ó· ÂÁÁ˘Ëı› ÙËÓ ÔÌÔÈÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ· ÙˆÓ ÔÌ¿‰ˆÓ Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È ˘fi Û‡ÁÎÚÈÛË, Î·È Û˘ÓÂÒ˜ Û˘ÓÈÛÙ¿Ù·È Ó·
ÂÊ·ÚÌfi˙ÂÙ·È fiÔ˘ ·˘Ùfi Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÓ, ·Ú¿ ÙÔ fiÙÈ Â›Ó·È ÁÓˆÛÙfi
fiÙÈ ÛÙËÓ ÔÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈ΋ ÌÈ· Ù¤ÙÔÈ· ÌÂıÔ‰ÔÏÔÁ›· ‰‡ÛÎÔÏ· ÂÊ·ÚÌfi˙ÂÙ·È Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ ·fi ÙÔ ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ fiÙÈ ·˘Ù‹ ·ÛÎÂ›Ù·È Û ȉȈÙÈο
È·ÙÚ›·.
¢È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎfi Î·È ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚ˘ ÂÌ‚¤ÏÂÈ·˜ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ Úfi‚ÏËÌ· Ù˘
«Ù˘ÊÏ‹˜» ÌÂϤÙ˘. ∞˘Ù‹ Ë ‰È·‰Èηۛ· Ë ÔÔ›· Ê·ÈÓÔÌÂÓÈο ›ӷÈ
¿ÚÈÛÙË ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Ì›ˆÛË ÙˆÓ «ÛÙ·ÙÈÛÙÈÎÒÓ Ï·ıÒÓ» ÛÙËÓ Ê·ÚÌ·ÎÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ¤Ú¢ӷ, ÎÈÓ‰˘Ó‡ÂÈ Ó· ·ÏÏÔÈÒÛÂÈ Ôχ ‚·ıÈ¿ ÙËÓ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ Ù˘ √ÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈ΋˜, ΢ڛˆ˜ ÛÙȘ ¯ÚfiÓȘ ·ı‹ÛÂȘ, ÛÙȘ Ôԛ˜
˙ËÙ¿Ù·È ¤Ó· Û˘Ó¯¤˜ feed-back ÙÔ˘ ·ÛıÂÓÔ‡˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔÓ ÁÈ·ÙÚfi Ô
ÔÔ›Ô˜ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÂÎÙÈÌ‹ÛÂÈ ÙËÓ ·¿ÓÙËÛË ÛÙËÓ ıÂÚ·›·. ∆Ô ı¤Ì·
·˘Ùfi Û˘˙ËÙ‹ıËΠÛÙËÓ ÂÈÙÚÔ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÀÔ˘ÚÁ›Ԣ ÀÁ›·˜ Ù˘ πÙ·Ï›·˜ ÁÈ· ÙÔ √ÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈÎfi º¿ÚÌ·ÎÔ Ô‡ ÂÚ¿ÙˆÛ ÙȘ ÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜
ÙÔ˘ ÙÔ 2001 Î·È ·ÚÔ˘Û›·Û ÂÎÙÂٷ̤ÓË ¤ÎıÂÛË ÙˆÓ ÂÚ·ÁÌ¤ÓˆÓ Ù˘ ÛÙÔ ÀÔ˘ÚÁÂ›Ô (2). À¿Ú¯ÂÈ ‰Â ·ÚÎÂÙ‹ ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›· Ë
ÔÔ›· ˘ÔÛÙËÚ›˙ÂÈ fiÙÈ ÛÙȘ Û‡ÌÏÔΘ ıÂÚ·›˜ fiˆ˜ Ë √ÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈ΋ ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È Ô ‚ÂÏÔÓÈÛÌfi˜ ÔÈ ‰ÈϤ˜ - Ù˘ÊϤ˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜
15
FINAL NEWSLETTER
12-04-06
07:19
™ÂÏ›‰·18
‰›ÓÔ˘Ó Ì ÌÂÁ¿ÏË Èı·ÓfiÙËÙ· „¢‰Ò˜ ·ÚÓËÙÈο ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ‹ ˘ÔÂÎÙÈÌÔ‡Ó ÙËÓ ‰˘ÓËÙÈ΋ ¯ÚËÛÈÌfiÙËÙ¿ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙËÓ √ÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈ΋ ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈ΋ (3,4) ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ fï˜ Ô˘ ·Ô‰ÂÈÎÓ‡ÂÙ·È Ì ۷ʋÓÂÈ· ·fi ÔÏϤ˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜ ·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÛ˘ (observational studies) (ÂΛӘ ‰ËÏ·‰‹ ÔÈ
Ôԛ˜ ÂÎÙÂÏÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÛÙËÓ Î·ıËÌÂÚÈÓ‹ Ú·ÎÙÈ΋, ·Ê‹ÓÔÓÙ·˜ ÙÔÓ È·ÙÚfi Ó·
ÂÓÂÚÁ‹ÛÂÈ Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙËÓ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÌÂıÔ‰ÔÏÔÁ›· ÂÍ·ÛÊ·Ï›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ Â›Û˘ ÙËÓ Î·Ï‡ÙÂÚË Û¯¤ÛË È·ÙÚÔ‡-·ÛıÂÓÔ‡˜).
5. °È· Ó· ÚÔ¯ˆÚ‹ÛÔ˘Ì ÙÒÚ· Û ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ ÏÂÙo̤ÚÂȘ ÙÔ˘
ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ «Placebo», ı· ‹ıÂÏ· Ó· ·ÎÚÈ‚ÔÏÔÁ‹Ûˆ ϤÁÔÓÙ·˜ fiÙÈ
˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÌÈ· ÌÂÁ¿ÏË Û‡Á¯˘ÛË Û ·˘Ùfi ÙÔ ÛËÌ›Ô-ÎÏÂȉ› Ù˘ ‰Ú¿Û˘
ÙÔ˘ Ê·ÚÌ¿ÎÔ˘. À¿Ú¯ÂÈ Ë Ù¿ÛË ÛÙȘ ÌÂϤÙ˜, Ó· ·Ô‰›‰Ô˘Ì ÛÙÔ ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· ÙÔ˘ «placebo» fiÏ· ÂΛӷ Ù· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· Ù· ÔÔ›· ·Ú·ÙËÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÔÌ¿‰· ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ Ô˘ Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÔ˘Ó ¤Ó· ÂÈÎÔÓÈÎfi
«·‰Ú·Ó¤˜» Ê¿ÚÌ·ÎÔ ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ÔÓÔÌ¿˙ÂÙ·È Placebo. ∞˘Ù¿ ˘fi ηÓÔÓÈΤ˜ Û˘Óı‹Î˜ «·Ê·ÈÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È» ·fi ÙÔ ·ÏËıÈÓfi (“verum”) ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· ÙÔ˘ Ê·ÚÌ¿ÎÔ˘ ÁÈ· Ó· ÂÈÙ‡¯Ô˘Ì ÙÂÏÈο ÙËÓ «Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈ΋» Ê·ÚÌ·ÎÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ‰Ú¿ÛË ÂÓfi˜ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓÔ˘ Ê·ÚÌ¿ÎÔ˘.
16
ŸÌˆ˜ ͯӿÌ fiÙÈ Ù¤ÙÔÈ· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· Ù· ÔÔ›· ÔÓÔÌ¿˙Ô˘ÌÂ
“placebo” ‰ÂÓ ÔÊ›ÏÔÓÙ·È Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ Û ÌÈ· “‰Ú¿ÛË” ÙÔ˘ ÂÈÎÔÓÈÎÔ‡ Ê·ÚÌ¿ÎÔ˘ (ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô Â›Ó·È ¯ËÌÈο ·‰Ú·Ó¤˜), ·ÏÏ¿ Ì¿ÏÏÔÓ Â›Ó·È «ÌË ÂȉÈο
·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù·» Ù· ÔÔ›· Û˘Ó‰¤ÔÓÙ·È Ì ÙËÓ «·˘ÙfiÌ·ÙË» ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË Ë
ÔÔ›· ÔÊ›ÏÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÂÓ‰ÔÁÂÓ‹ ÈηÓfiÙËÙ· ›·Û˘ ÙÔ˘ ·ÛıÂÓÔ‡˜. ∂ÈϤÔÓ Û ÔÔÈ·‰‹ÔÙ ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈ΋ ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛË ·›˙Ô˘Ó ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi
ÚfiÏÔ Ë ÂÌÈÛÙÔÛ‡ÓË ÛÙÔÓ È·ÙÚfi Î·È Ë ·Ó·ÌÔÓ‹ ÙÔ˘ ·ÛıÂÓÔ‡˜, Ë ‰È·ıÂÛÈÌfiÙËÙ¿ ÙÔ˘ Ó· ‰Â¯ı› ÙËÓ ıÂÚ·›· ·fi ÙÔÓ È·ÙÚfi ηıÒ˜ Â›Û˘
Î·È Ë ‚Ô‡ÏËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÁÈ· ›·ÛË ·fi ÙËÓ ÓfiÛÔ ÙÔ˘. ŸÏÔÈ ·˘ÙÔ› ÔÈ ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ˜ Û˘ÓÂȉÚÔ‡Ó ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙Ô˘Ó Û˘ÓÂÚÁÈ΋ ‰Ú¿ÛË Ì ÙÔ
¯ÔÚËÁËı¤Ó Û··ÛÌ·-Ô˘Û›·-Ê¿ÚÌ·ÎÔ Î·È ·˘Ùfi ·Í›˙ÂÈ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ ÛÂ
ÂΛӘ ÙȘ ıÂÚ·›˜ Ô˘ ÛÙÔ¯Â‡Ô˘Ó ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈṲ̂ӷ ÛÙËÓ ÛÊ·ÈÚÈÎfiÙËÙ· Ù˘ ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈ΋˜ ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛ˘ ÛÙÔ „˘¯Ôۈ̷ÙÈÎfi Â›‰Ô
·Ú¿ ÛÙËÓ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛË ÂÓfi˜ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓÔ˘ ÔÚÁ¿ÓÔ˘ ‹ ÂÓfi˜ ÌÂÌÔӈ̤ÓÔ˘ ‚ÈÔ¯ËÌÈÎÔ‡ Ì˯·ÓÈÛÌÔ‡. ™Â ·fi‰ÂÈÍË ÙÔ˘ ηٿ fiÛÔ ·˘Ù¤˜
ÔÈ ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ Â›Ó·È Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓ˜, ÛÙËÓ ‰ÈÂıÓ‹ ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›· ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÔÓÙ·È Ù· 2-3 ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜ Ô˘ ˘ÔÛÙËÚ›˙Ô˘Ó fiÙÈ ÛÙËÓ
ÔÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈ΋, ÌÔÚ› Ó· ·Ú·ÙËÚËı› ÙÔ Ê·ÈÓfiÌÂÓÔ ·ÚfiÌÔÈÔ Ì ÙÔ
ÏÂÁfiÌÂÓÔ ÛÙËÓ ·ÁÁÏÔÛ·ÍÔÓÈ΋ ÁÏÒÛÛ· “entanglement” (=Û˘Û¯¤ÙÈÛË) Î·È ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ÂÚÈÁÚ¿ÊıËΠÚÒÙ· ÛÙËÓ Î‚·ÓÙÈ΋ Ê˘ÛÈ΋.
∆Ô ·ÓˆÙ¤Úˆ Ê·ÈÓfiÌÂÓÔ ÂÓÔÔÈ› Ì›· ÙÚÈ¿‰· ·ÏÏËÏÂȉڿÛÂˆÓ ÙÔ
Ê¿ÚÌ·ÎÔ-Ô˘Û›·, ÙÔÓ ·ÛıÂÓ‹ Î·È ÙÔÓ È·ÙÚfi(5-7). ∞Ó ·˘Ùfi Î·È ¿ÏÏ· ·ÚfiÌÔÈ· ÌÔÓ٤Ϸ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ Î¿ÔÈ· ÏÔÁÈ΋ ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈ΋ ‚¿ÛË, ÙfiÙ Ô
Ù¯ÓËÙfi˜ ‰È·¯ˆÚÈÛÌfi˜ ÙˆÓ ÙÚÈÒÓ «ËıÔÔÈÒÓ Ù˘ ıÂÚ·›·˜» Ë ÔÔ›·
Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈÂ›Ù·È ÛÙȘ Ù˘ÊϤ˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜ Ô‰ËÁÂ›Ù·È ÛÙÔ Ó· ‚·Ú‡ÓÂÈ ·ÚÓËÙÈο ηٿ ÙÚfiÔ Ôχ ¤ÓÙÔÓÔ ÙËÓ ÔÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈ΋ ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈ΋ ÛÂ
Û¯¤ÛË Ì ÙËÓ ·ÏÏÔ·ıËÙÈ΋. Àfi Ù¤ÙÔȘ Û˘Óı‹Î˜, Ì›· Û‡ÁÎÚÈÛË ÌÂٷ͇ ‰‡Ô ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎÒÓ ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈÎÒÓ ÌÂıfi‰ˆÓ, Ë ÔÔ›· Á›ÓÂÙ·È ÌÂ
·ÏÏÔ·ıËÙÈο ÎÚÈÙ‹ÚÈ·, ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È Ô‡Ù ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈο ÛˆÛÙ‹ ·ÏÏ¿ Ô‡ÙÂ
Î·È ¯Ú‹ÛÈÌË.
¢ÂÓ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Î·Ì›· ·ÌÊÈ‚ÔÏ›· fiÙÈ Ë ¤Ú¢ӷ ÛÙËÓ √ÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈ΋, ÙfiÛÔ
Û ÎÏÈÓÈÎfi Â›Â‰Ô fiÛÔ Î·È Û ÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚÈ·Îfi, Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ›ÛÂÈ
ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· Â·Ó·ÏË„ÈÌfiÙËÙ·˜ ‰Â‰ÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ Î·È Ù˘ ÛˆÛÙ‹˜ ÌÂıÔ‰ÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛ˘, ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· fï˜ Ù· ÔÔ›· ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Ó ÔÔÈÔ‰‹ÔÙ ÚÔËÁ̤ÓÔ ‰›Ô Ù˘ ÂÈÛÙ‹Ì˘. ∆Ô ı¤Ì· fï˜ ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ› ·Ôڛ˜ Â›Ó·È ‹ ¤ÌÊ·ÛË Ë ÔÔ›· ‰fiıËΠ·fi Ù·
ªª∂, ·ԉ‰ÂÈÁ̤ӷ Ì ÚˆÙÔ‚Ô˘Ï›· ÙÔ˘ ›‰ÈÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÈÔ‰ÈÎÔ‡, ÛÂ
Ì›· ÌÂϤÙË Ë ÔÔ›· ·ÚÂÌ‚¿ÏÏÂÙ·È, ¯ˆÚ›˜ Ó· ÚÔÛʤÚÂÈ Ô˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈο
ÓÂÒÙÂÚ· ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ ·Ú¿ ÌfiÓÔ ÛÙ· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· (Ù· ÔÔ›· Û` ·˘Ù‹
ÙËÓ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·ÛË ··ÓÙ‹ıËÎ·Ó Ì ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈ΋ ÎÚÈÙÈ΋) Û ¤Ó· ‰›Ô
·ÓÔȯÙfi ·fi ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ÛÙËÓ ‰ÈÂıÓ‹ ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›·(8-16).
∏ ‰È¿‰ÔÛË pre-print ÛÙ· ªª∂ ÙÔ˘ ÎfiÛÌÔ˘ ›ӷÈ, ·ÛÈÊ·Ó¤˜, fiÙÈ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÂÈÏÔÁ‹ ÂÓfi˜ ÂÓÔÚ¯ËÛÙڈ̤ÓÔ˘ ۯ‰›Ô˘. ∞fi ÙÔ §ÔÓ‰›ÓÔ Ô
Peter Fisher, ‰È¢ı˘ÓÙ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ÔÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈÎÔ‡ ÓÔÛÔÎÔÌ›Ԣ (Û˘Ì‚Â‚ÏË̤ÓÔ Ì ÙÔ ·ÁÁÏÈÎfi ∂ıÓÈÎfi ™‡ÛÙËÌ· ÀÁ›·˜) ‰‹ÏˆÛ ÛÙÔÓ Ù‡Ô:
«Œ¯ÔÓÙ·˜ ‰È·‚¿ÛÂÈ ·˘Ùfi ÙÔ ¿ÚıÚÔ, Ù· Û˘ÌÂÚ¿ÛÌ·Ù· ‰ÂÓ Ì ›ıÔ˘Ó.
∏ ÂÚÌËÓ›·, ÔÏ˘‰È·ÊËÌÈṲ̂ÓË, fiÙÈ Ë ÔÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈ΋ Â›Ó·È ÌfiÓÔ ¤Ó·
Placebo ‚·Û›˙ÂÙ·È fi¯È Û 110 ÌÂϤÙ˜ ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ Û˘ÏϤ¯ıËÎ·Ó ·fi ÙËÓ
‰ÈÂıÓ‹ ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›·, ·ÏÏ¿ ÌfiÓÔ Û 8 ·fi ·˘Ù¤˜. ∏ ˘Ô„›· ÌÔ˘ ›ӷÈ
fiÙÈ ·˘Ùfi ÙÔ ¿ÚıÚÔ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ·ÓÙÈÎÂÈÌÂÓÈÎfi ·ÏÏ¿ ı¤ÏÂÈ ·˘ı·›ÚÂÙ· Ó·
ηٷÚÁ‹ÛÂÈ ÙËÓ ÂÌÈÛÙÔÛ‡ÓË ÛÙËÓ ÔÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈ΋». ŸÙÈ ·˘Ù‹ Ë ÂÚÌËÓ›· Â›Ó·È Ôχ Èı·Ó‹ ·Ô‰ÂÈÎÓ‡ÂÙ·È ¤ÌÌÂÛ· ·fi ÙÔ ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ fiÙÈ ÛÙÔ
›‰ÈÔ Ù‡¯Ô˜ ÙÔ˘ Lancet, Û ¤Ó· ¿ÏÏÔ ÛËÌÂ›Ô Ì ٛÙÏÔ «Critics slam
draft WHO report on homeopathy”(17) ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È ‹ ·ÓËÛ˘¯ËÙÈ΋
ÁÓÒÌË ÛÙÔ ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ fiÙÈ Ë ¶·ÁÎfiÛÌÈ· √ÚÁ¿ÓˆÛË ÀÁ›·˜ ÂÚfiÎÂÈÙÔ Ó·
‰ËÌÔÛȇÛÂÈ ¤Ó· Ï‹Ú˜ dossier ÁÈ· ÙËÓ √ÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈ΋, ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô
ÂÚÈÂÏ¿Ì‚·Ó ÌÈ· ÂÎÙÂÓ‹ ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›· ÁÈ· ÙÔ ı¤Ì·. ∏ ÏÂÈÔÓfiÙËÙ¿
ÙˆÓ ÌÂÏÂÙÒÓ Û` ·˘Ù‹ ÙËÓ ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›· ηٷ‰Â›ÎӢ ÙËÓ Â˘ÌÂÓ‹ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ¿ Ù˘ √ÌÔÈÔ·ıËÙÈ΋˜. ∏ Û‡ÌÙˆÛË Ù˘ Â›ıÂÛ˘ ÛÙËÓ ·Ó·ÎÔ›ÓˆÛË Ù˘ ¶·ÁÎfiÛÌÈ·˜ √ÚÁ¿ÓˆÛ˘ ÀÁ›·˜, Ù˘ ‰ËÌÔÛ›Â˘Û˘ Ù˘ ÌÂϤÙ˘ ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÏ‚ÂÙÈ΋ ÔÌ¿‰·, ÙÔ editorial Ì ٛÙÏÔ “
The end of Homeopathy”(18) Î·È Ë Ù·¯Â›· ‰È¿‰ÔÛË ·fi Ù· MME
·˘ÙÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ¿ÚıÚÔ˘ ‰ÈηÈÔÏÔÁË̤ӷ ·Ê‹ÓÔ˘Ó Â‡ÏÔÁ˜ ˘fiÓÔȘ ÁÈ·
ÂÓÔÚ¯ËÛÙڈ̤ÓÔ Û¯¤‰ÈÔ ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ôχ Ì·ÎÚÈ¿ ·fi ÌÈ·
ηı·Ú‹ ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈ΋ Û˘˙‹ÙËÛË.
∞˘Ùfi ÙÔ ÂÂÈÛfi‰ÈÔ ·Ô‰ÂÈÎÓ‡ÂÈ ÁÈ· ÌÈ· ·ÎfiÌË ÊÔÚ¿ fiÙÈ Ë ÂÈÛÙ‹ÌË Î·È
Ë È·ÙÚÈ΋ ÚÔ¯ˆÚÔ‡Ó Ì ·Ó·ˉ‹ÛÂȘ, ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ ÛËÌ·‰Â‡ÔÓÙ·È ·fi
ÔÏÈÙÈÎÔ-ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈΤ˜ Û˘ÁÎ˘Ú›Â˜ Ù˘ ÛÙÈÁÌ‹˜. √ ÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÔÓ·˜ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È
·ÓÂËÚ¤·ÛÙÔ˜ ·fi ÙÔ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ ÛÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ÂÚÁ¿˙ÂÙ·È Î·È Ô ÙÚfiÔ˜
Ì ÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô Û˘ÏϤÁÔÓÙ·È Ù· ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ, Ô Âȉ¤ÍÈÔ˜ ¯ÂÈÚÈÛÌfi˜ Ù˘ ÛÙ·ÙÈÛÙÈ΋˜ ·Ó¿Ï˘Û˘ ÙˆÓ ‰Â‰ÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ Î·È Ë ÂÚÌËÓ›· ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÈϤÁÂÙ·È Û¯Â‰fiÓ ¿ÓÙ· ÛÂ Û˘Ó¿ÚÙËÛË ÌÈ·˜ ı¤Û˘ Ô˘ ı¤ÏÔ˘Ì ӷ ·ԉ›ÍÔ˘ÌÂ.
∞˘Ùfi Â›Ó·È «Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈÎfi» Î·È ‰ÂÓ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Ù›ÔÙ· ÙÔ ÛηӉ·Ï҉˜.
∫·Ï¿ ¤Î·Ó·Ó ÔÈ ∂Ï‚ÂÙÔ› ÂÚ¢ÓËÙ¤˜ Ó· ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿ÛÔ˘Ó Ù· ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ
ÙÔ˘˜, Î·È ÙȘ ·fi„ÂȘ ÙÔ˘˜. §ÈÁfiÙÂÚÔ Î·Ï¿ ¤Î·Ó·Ó Î·È fiÏÔÈ ÂΛÓÔÈ, ÔÈ
ÔÔ›ÔÈ Â› ÙË ‚¿ÛÂÈ ÌÈ·˜ ÌfiÓÔ ÌÂϤÙ˘ Ì ·ÌÊÈÏÂÁfiÌÂÓ· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· fiˆ˜ ÔÏϤ˜ ¿ÏϘ, ‚È¿ÛÙËÎ·Ó Ó· «ÂÓÙ·ÊÈ¿ÛÔ˘Ó» ·fi Û˘ÌʤÚÔÓ,
ÌÈ· ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈ΋ ̤ıÔ‰Ô 200 ÂÙÒÓ Ë ÔÔ›· ·Í›˙ÂÈ ·ÎfiÌ· Ó· ‰ÈÂÚ¢ÓËı› ÁÈ· Ù· ‰˘ÓËÙÈο Ù˘ ÔʤÏË Î·È ÁÈ· Ù· ·Ú¿‰ÔÍ·, ·ÏÏ¿ ›Ûˆ˜ ÁÈ`
·˘Ùfi ÙÔ ÏfiÁÔ, ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓÙ˜ Ì˯·ÓÈÛÌÔ‡˜ ‰Ú¿Û˘.
µÈ‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›·
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Shang A, et al. Are the clinical effects of homeopathy placebo effects?
Comparative study of placebo-controlled trials of homeopathy and allopathy.
Lancet 20052005; 366: 726-732.
2.
Del Giudice N, et al. La valutazione dell`efficacia di medicinali omeopaticiai fini della
registrazione non semplificata . Medicina Naturale 2001; Settembre:pp.44-49
‹ ÛÙÔ site http://chimclin.univr.it/omc/Commissione-omeopatici-valutazione.htm
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Weatherley-Jones E et al.The placebo-controlled trial as a test of complementary and
alternative medicine; observations from research experience of individualized
homeopathic treatment. Homeopathy 2004; 93:186-189.
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Paterson C, et al. Characteristic and incidental (placebo) effects in complex
interventions such as acupuncture. Br Med J 2005; 330:1202-1205.
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Walach H et al Entanglement model of homeopathy as an example of generalized
entanglement predicted by weak quantum theory. Forsch. Komplementarmed.
Klass. Naturheilkd. 2003; 10:192-200.
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Milgrom LR. Patient-practitioner-remedy (PPR) entanglement Part 5. Can homeopathic
remedy reactions be outcomes of PPR entanglement? Homeopathy 2004; 93:94-98.
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Hyland ME. Entanglement and some heretical thoughts about homeopathy.
Homeopathy 2005; 94:105-106.
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Eskinazi D. Homeopathy re-revisited: is homeopathy compatible with biomedical
observations? Arch Intern Med 1999: 159: 1981-1987.
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Sukul NC et al. High Dilution Effects: Physical and Biochemical Basis, Kluwer,
Dordrecht, 2003.
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Bellavite P. Complexity science and homeopathy. A synthetic overview.
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Reilly D. Homeopathy: increasing scientific validation.Altern Ther Health Med 2005; 11:28-31.
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Kleijnen J et al. Clinical trials of homeopathy. Brit Med J 1991; 302:316-323.
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Linde K et al. Are the clinical effects of homeopathy placebo effects?
A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials. Lancet 1997; 350: 834-843.
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Cucherat M et al. Evidence of clinical efficacy of homeopathy. A meta-analysis of
clinical trials .HMRAG. Homeopathic Medicines Research Advisory Group. Eur J Clin
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Jonas WB et al A critical overview of homeopathy.Ann Intern Med 2003; 393-399
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Caulfield T et al.A systematic review of how homeopathy is represented in conventional and CAM peer reviewed journals. BMC. Complement Altern Med 2005; 5: 12-14.
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McCarthy M. Critics slam draft WHO report on homeopathy. Lancet 2005; 366: 705-706.
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The end of homeopathy (editorial). Lancet 2005; 366: 690.