Franco Cavazza
Industrial Director
Measuring the Environmental Footprint
among agro-food supply chain
New frontiers and opportunities for the Fertilizer Industry
WHERE WERE LEFT?......11th December 2014
Clizia Franceschi, ILSA SpA:
«The green revolution»
Control
ILSA
University of Padova – Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
Andrea Ertani – Attività Biostimolante di idrolizzati proteici su crescita di Zea mays L.
WHY an environmental footprint study?
The driving forces….
«Building a Common vision for sustainable Food and Agricolture» - Roma, FAO2014
A new “ green mission” of fertilizer industry and
tecnology
• Increase yelds per ha
• Reduce env. impacts
• Healthy, loyal and merchant quality
WHY an environmental footprint study?
The driving forces….
New marketing strategies
From marketing 1.0 to marketing 3.0
Marketing 1.0: a good product!
Marketing 2.0: The Customer!
Marketing 3.0 The Soul of the customer!
(«dal prodotto al cliente all’anima» P.Kotler)
DEFINE AND MEASURE the Environmental Footprint is a robust instrument
in order to
Inform - Market -Decide
Inside company (upstream)
• Knowledge (measuring!) our own env. Performance of product
and process (benchmarking)
• Product stewardship
• Steer R&D
Market (downstream)
• Improve «green reputation» of the Company and of the Product
• Decision Support System for Agro-Industrial chain
• «Nutrient Stewardship Framework: right nutrient, right rate,
time, place»
Single market to green product EU Initiative
[COM(2013) 196]
Today how a product is declared «GREEN»
Francia:
French Method (BPX30-323)
UK:
PAS2050 o WRI GHG Protocol
CH:
Swiss approach (in corso)
Italia
Linee Guida Min. Ambiente
Altro….
Carbon, water, LCA, EPD Declaration, ISO14025…..
• More then 459 different Ecolabels in the world, in 197 countries
In 25 different industrial sectors (www.ecolabelindex.com)
• 94 companies examined used 585 different indicators in environmental reports.
Of the indicators disclosed, 22% were used by more than 3 corporations; 55%
were used only once (Journal of Cleaner production, 2012)
• For product carbon footprinting, 62 leading initiatives and methods were
identified (EC study, 2010)
Ref. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/eussd/smgp/facts_and_figures_en.htm
48% of consumers says actual env. Labels are not
understandable!
(Eurobarometer 367, 2013)
Why PEF/OEF – Recommendation EU 2013/179/UE
• Common Methodology for measuring, comunicate, compare (benchmarking)
• Define unique and clear env. indicators
• Target. Improve customer knowledge andcomprehention
• Recommended from EU as unique and standardized instrument at EU Level
• Existing a framework and pilot Product categories already working at EU Level
in order to develop, validate, and increase databases
• Target: a simple and unique comucation format
Webinar Environtmental Footprint Team – DG Env
From «Life-Cycle» approach to «environmental performance»
PEF/OEF principles:
Relevance
Completeness
consistency
Accuracy
transparency
The phases that must be
been taken into account
Le 14 categorie di
impronta previste
dalla PEF/OEF
(Racc. 2013/179/UE)
OEF Organisation
Environmental Footprint
Arzignano (VI)
Circa 100.000 T. Solid fertilizers
Molfetta (BA)
3.000 T. Liquid fertilizer/biostimulants
Porto Alegre (Brasile)
ILSA PRODUCTION PROCESS
A «Green» solvent extraction process
for a sustainable agriculture
 Innovation by selection of varieties and use of renewable plant resources
 Use of alternative solvent (non toxic, solvent free, not flammable, cheap,
and normally produced as by-product of industrial chemical processes)
 Reduce energy consumption by energy recovery and using innovative
technologies
 Reduce unit operations and favour safe, robust and controlled processes
 Aim for a non denatured and biodegradable extract without
contaminants
 GRAS by FDA
 Tunable process
 “cold” process
31,1°C e 73,8 bar
Fasi LCA e limiti del sistema
Tools for calculation
According to ISO – LCA Studies
EN ISO 14044:2006
MEASURED VALUES
Software
SIMAPRO 8.0.2
14 Environmental
Footprint Indicators
Databases:
• ECOINVENT 3.0
• Industry Data 2.0
• ELCD (EU LyfeCycle
database)
Calc methods:
• ILCD 2011 midpoint
• Cumulative demand
energy
MEASURED VALUES ARE ESSENTIAL
Misura dei flussi in ingresso (energia, materie prime, imballaggi, materiali e
consumabili di manutenzione) e completando con i flussi in uscita (prodotto finito,
emissioni in atmosfera, rifiuti prodotti, acque scaricate, etc..).
DEFINIRE L’UNITA’ FUNZIONALE (Kg di prodotto oppure unità nutrizionale?)
Aspetto
Tipo di misura
Unità di misura
Energia elettrica
Fattura
kWh
Metano
Fattura
m3
Acqua
Fattura
m3
Rifiuti in ingresso
Registro carico/scarico
t
Materie prime
Fattura
t
Manutenzioni
Fattura
€
Emissioni gassose convogliate
Certificati analitici
kg
Emissioni gassose diffuse
Certificati analitici
kg
Trasporti
Verifica distanze clienti/fornitori
km
Rifiuti prodotti
Registro carico/scarico
t
Acque reflue
Fatture
m3
Prodotti finiti
Dati magazzino
t
Imballaggi
Dati magazzino
t
ORGANISATION ENV. FOOTPRINT indicators
Unità
GER (fonti non rinnovabili)
MJ
Climate change
kg CO2 eq
Ozone depletion
SUB-TOTALE OEF
SUB-TOTALE OEF
TOTALE OEF
Upstream processes + Site-
Downstream
(1 kg di
level
processes
prodotto)
10,08
2,82
12,89
0,6
0,2
0,8
kg CFC-11 eq
6,56E-08
1,22E-08
7,77E-08
Human toxicity, cancer effects
CTUh
1,16E-08
6,84E-09
1,84E-08
Human toxicity, non-cancer effects
CTUh
6,73E-08
2,18E-07
2,85E-07
Particulate matter
kg PM2.5 eq
2,75E-04
1,07E-04
3,82E-04
Ionizing radiation HH
kBq U235 eq
3,89E-02
1,37E-02
5,25E-02
Ionizing radiation E (interim)
CTUe
1,30E-07
6,78E-08
1,98E-07
Photochemical ozone formation
kg NMVOC eq
1,85E-03
1,97E-03
3,82E-03
Acidification
molc H+ eq
2,91E-03
1,60E-03
4,51E-03
Terrestrial eutrophication
molc N eq
7,13E-03
7,11E-03
1,42E-02
Freshwater eutrophication
kg P eq
5,73E-05
2,60E-05
8,33E-05
Marine eutrophication
kg N eq
8,26E-04
6,51E-04
1,48E-03
Freshwater ecotoxicity
CTUe
1,98
0,99
2,97
Land use
kg C deficit
5,53E-01
3,81E-01
9,34E-01
Water resource depletion
m3 water eq
4,54E-01
5,00E-02
5,04E-01
1,27E-05
2,15E-05
3,41E-05
Mineral, fossil & ren resource depl.
kg Sb eq
GER AND CLIMATE CHANGE INDICATOR
OEF Arzignano factory
CLIMATE CHANGE INDICATOR - OEF Arzignano factory
1 kg
ILSA_2012_OEF_de
f
0.592 kg CO2 eq
0.0887 m3
Natural gas, high
pressure {IT}|
market for | Alloc
0.551 tkm
Transport, freight,
lorry 16-32 metric
ton, EURO3 {RER}|
0.0226 kg
Urea, as N {RER}|
production | Alloc
Def, U_ICA
0.108 kg
ILSA_2012_PEF_AG
ROGEL_CASO
1_brasile
0.305 kg
Bone, blood and
meat meal
production_Corrett
0.303 MJ
Electricity, medium
voltage {IT}|
market for | Alloc
0.0555 kg CO2 eq
0.104 kg CO2 eq
0.0721 kg CO2 eq
0.0364 kg CO2 eq
0.127 kg CO2 eq
0.0511 kg CO2 eq
0.0279 kg
Ammonia, liquid
{RoW}| market for
| Alloc Def, U
0.0572 kg CO2 eq
0.232 MJ
Electricity, medium
voltage {PT}|
market for | Alloc
0.0364 kg CO2 eq
0.0247 kg
Ammonia, liquid
{RoW}| ammonia
production, steam
0.0461 kg CO2 eq
0.232 MJ
Electricity, medium
voltage {PT}|
electricity voltage
0.0362 kg CO2 eq
Upstream and site level («cradle-gate»)
0.245 MJ
Electricity, high
voltage {PT}|
market for | Alloc
0.0362 kg CO2 eq
1.42 MJ
Heat, district or
industrial, natural
gas {Europe
0.0941 kg CO2 eq
0.303 MJ
Electricity, medium
voltage {IT}|
electricity voltage
0.0508 kg CO2 eq
0.321 MJ
Electricity, high
voltage {IT}|
market for | Alloc
0.0509 kg CO2 eq
ANALISI DEI RISULTATI PEF: Downstream processes –
«from gate to grave (field)»
Agricolture is responsible of 23% of Carbon like emissions
Nord ITALIA
Sud ITALIA
Cabon Footprint of different phases of production of wheat
From: HORTA srl su progetto Barilla
What happens in the «Grave»: Downstream LifeCycle
Precipitazioni
Denitrificazione
Azoto gassoso
NO, N2O, N2
Nitrati
NO3-
Sostanza
organica
Nitrificazione
Nitriti
NO2-
Nitrificazione
Fertilizzanti
Ammoniaca
NH2+
Azoto nei corpi idrici
© HORTA srl
PEF: Downstream processes
SYSTEM Boundaries: from farmer wherehouse to distribution on field down to
degradation of simple compounds, accumulated inside biomass, soil or loss in
air/water emissions
1) Evaluation of biological phenomena realted with degradation of active
nutrient in the soil. Consider all interactions (env. Significant) between
fertilizer-soil-plant- climate
2) Evaluation/defining of environmental indicators (indicati dalla certificazione
PEF) and agronomical indicators (Nitrogen Use Efficiency, Mineralizaion,
volatilization, leaching of Nictrogen, Carbon sequestrations, Dosages/hectare)
3) Check energy and mass fluxes (energy and mass balance)
4) Benchmarking of results (Good Agricoltural Practice)
And, if necessary or possible:
“Selecting additional environmental information to be included
in the PEF” (Raccomandazione 173/2013/UE)
PEF of AGROGEL® — Unit of analysis: kg of Nitrogen (N)
EF IMPACT CATEGORY
GWP100
Ozone depletion
Human toxicity, cancer effects
Human toxicity, non-cancer
effects
EF IMPACT
INDICATOR
Kg CO2 eq
EF IMPACT
ASSESSMENT
MODEL
Bern model
GWP100
Kg CFC-11
EDIP model
eq
CTUh
USEtox Model
Fertilizer use – Soil Effect(a)
Fertilizer production
at plant gate
Transports
to the costumers
Field
distribution
Direct
2,9
0,3
0,2
3,3
5,0E-7
6,4E-8
1,9E-8
Negligible
6,1E-7
1,0E-8
5,3E-9
Negligible
Negligible
Indirect via Indirect via
NH3
NO3
volatilization
leaching
0,12
0,02
CTUh
USEtox Model
2,2E-7
9,9E-8
2,2E-7
Particulate matter
kg PM2.5
eq
RiskPoll Model
6,7E-4
2,5E-4
8,8E-5
Ionizing radiation HH
CTUe
0,15
2,9E-2
9,9E-3
Negligible
4,1E-7
1,6E-7
5,1E-8
Negligible
5,1E-3
2,7E-3
1,4E-3
Experimental results are not currently
available
8,6E-3
2,4E-3
1,2E-3
0
9,2E-2
0
1,4E-2
9,9E-3
5,3E-3
0
4,1E-1
0
2,0E-4
2,4E-5
2,0E-5
6,4E-3
9,8E-4
5,2E-4
10,2
2,9
0,7
Negligible
3,1
1,2
0,3
Negligible
7,1E-3
-1,3E-5 (*)
-3,7E-5(*)
Negligible
1,7E-5
2,3E-5
2,7E-5
Negligible
Ionizing radiation E (interim)
Photochemical ozone formation
Acidification
Terrestrial eutrophication
Freshwater eutrophication
Marine eutrophication
Freshwater ecotoxicity
Land use
Water resource depletion
Mineral, fossil & ren resource
depletion
Human Health
effect model
Human Health
CTUe
effect model
Kg
LOTOS-EUROS
NMVOC
Model
Accumulated
+
Mol H eq Exceedance
model
Accumulated
Mol N eq Exceedance
model
EUTREND
Kg P eq
Model
EUTREND
Kg N eq
Model
CTUe
USEtox Model
Soil Organic
Kg C
Matter (SOM)
deficit
model
Swiss
m3 water
Ecoscarcity
eq
model
CML 2002
Kg Sb eq
Model
0
2,0E-3
0
Negligible
0
2,8E-3
2,6E-2
WHAT OPPORTUNITIES?
“Green Behavior agenda”
 Knowledge of our level of sustainability
 Orientare le strategie di sviluppo
 di organizzazione e di prodotto
 Sustainable products
Educate to sustainable consumer
Support decision of customers
WHAT OPPORTUNITIES?
Market potential is high: 80% of EU consumers buy green
products at least sometimes – 26% buy them regularly
89% of EU citizens believes that buying green products makes a
difference for the environment
Only half of consumers find it easy to differentiate green
products from other products
Only half of EU citizens trust producers' claims about the
environmental performance of their products
Most important considerations when buying: quality (97%),
price (87%), environment (84%)
69% of citizens support obliging companies to publish reports
on their environmental performance
(2013 Eurobarometer on "Attitudes of Europeans towards Building the Single Market for Green
Products" )
WHAT OPPORTUNITIES?
«Nutrient Stewardship Framework»
right nutrient, right rate, time, place
(IFA 2015, Post-2015 Agenda and Sustainable Development Goals:
Submission from the Fertilizer Industry
0,6
0,5
-15%
0,4
Transport
Harvesting
Irrigation
0,3
Pesticides
Fertilization
Sowing
0,2
Soil tillage
0,1
0
CO2 eq t/t Trad.
CO2 eq t/t DSS+ Handbook
Fonte: HORTA srl su progetto Barilla
WHAT OPPORTUNITIES?
Quantification of environmental impacts of pasta chain steps. It is the EPD (Environmental Product Declaration) of “Durum
wheat semolina dried Pasta” of Barilla S.p.A. Processing by LCE S.r.l. (Life Cycle Engineering) and available from:
http://gryphon.environdec.com/data/files/6/7968/epd217_rev2.1.pdf
WHAT OPPORTUNITIES?
Progetto di certificazione della sostenibilità ambientale di
semi da colture oleaginose (girasole, colza e soia).
Target: gli oli e le farine di origine vegetali prodotte in azienda sostenibili
in termini di impatto ambientale. Questo permette di
adempiere
alle disposizione della nuova PAC 2014-2020 ( EU Agr. Common Policies) e
alla
direttiva RED 2009/28/EU
(Renewable energy sources Directive)
Svezia: «Climate certification for food chain»
Definisce stringenti parametri su tutte le fasi della filiera
agroalimentare (produzione e distribuzione) per poter essere certificati.
Es. fertilizzanti minerali: Carbon Footprint max. 3 Kg CO2/Kg N(at Plant
Gate) e monitoraggio NUE
WHAT OPPORTUNITIES?
Progetti di coltivazioni che richiedono l’applicazione di
protocolli di concimazione sostenibile
Sustainable Agriculture Initiative Platform
The global food value chain initiative for sustainable
agriculture
Spagna – Fragole
Brasile – Arance
Sustainable Rice Project – Mondiale
Filiera della birra - multinazionali della birra
Protocollo italiano per la produzione di vino sostenibile
certificato
NUOVI CRITERI PER IL RICONOSCIMENTO DI MEZZI TECNICI IMPIEGABILI IN
AGRICOLTURA BIOLOGICA (in corso di realizzazione)
Nei dossier di registrazione sarà necessario fornire anche
EVIDENZE SULL’IMPRONTA AMBIENTALE DEI PRODOTTI
“Greater food
availability in the low-income, food-deficit
nations cannot be achieved with one silver bullet. No doubt,
greater availability of fertilizer is critical to any solution. Yet
we also need a long-term vision of growth, and integrated
investments that incorporates research, human and
institutional capacity building, infrastructure, sound policy,
markets and governance.”
(Norman Borlaug, Peace Nobel Price 1970, Agronomist and founder of so called
«Green Revolution»)
Contacts:
www.ilsagroup.com
[email protected]