Direzione Sanità
Sanità e Politiche Sociali
Servizio Politiche per l’
l’Accoglienza e l’
l’Integrazione Sociale
Employment and
Training Working
Group
Social Inclusion
Working Group
Social inclusion of
immigrants
Data and regional policies for the inclusion of
Immigrants
An overview on the Emilia-Romagna Strategies
22 April 2009 – Brussels, BE
Rita Malavasi
Regione Emilia-Romagna
EU Liaison Office
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Direzione Sanità
Sanità e Politiche Sociali
Servizio Politiche per l’
l’Accoglienza e l’
l’Integrazione Sociale
The 4.276.000 residents of the Emilia-Romagna
(F 51,3%; M 48,7%) represent the 7,2% of the
national population (about 59.600.000 inhabitants).
The presence in this territory of 365.800
migrants over the 3.435.000 that are regularly
resident in the national territory (the 5,8% of
the Italian population) means that here live the
10,7% of the foreigners of Italy.
365.800 migrants represent more than
8,6% of the entire regional population
Moreover, in 70 municipalities (out of
the 341 ones) foreign residents exceed
the 10% of the whole residents
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Direzione Sanità
Sanità e Politiche Sociali
Servizio Politiche per l’
l’Accoglienza e l’
l’Integrazione Sociale
Immigration trend in Italy and in Emilia-Romagna (1993-2008)
9
8,55
8
7,53
7
6,9
6,2
6
5,8
5,13
5
4,97
4,55
4,04
4
3
2
1
4,11
3,25
3,44
2,77
2,7
2,36 2,2 2,53
2,06
1,79 1,72 1,94
1,47 1,54
1,34 1,29
1,21
1,2
1,1
1,1
1,01
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
% of migrants over total population resident ITALY
% of migrants over total population resident E-R
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Direzione Sanità
Sanità e Politiche Sociali
Servizio Politiche per l’
l’Accoglienza e l’
l’Integrazione Sociale
In Emilia-Romagna live and work nearly the 11% of
all the migrants resident in Italy.
68.095 are from EU Countries (18,6%)
297.625 are coming from Third Countries
(81,4%) (considering 1.200/1.450 refugees and
protégées and 1300/1400 asylum seekers)
Migrants’ country of origin is very heterogeneous
and quite different from one year to the other.
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Direzione Sanità
Sanità e Politiche Sociali
Servizio Politiche per l’
l’Accoglienza e l’
l’Integrazione Sociale
In E-R, migrants come from 168 different countries
%
1. Morocco
2. Albania
3. Romania
4. Tunisia
5. PRC (China)
6. Ukraine
7. Moldova
8. Pakistan
9. India
10. Poland
15,56
13,15
11,39
5,56
4,83
4,55
3,51
3,07
3,03
2,66
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Direzione Sanità
Sanità e Politiche Sociali
Servizio Politiche per l’
l’Accoglienza e l’
l’Integrazione Sociale
Distribution of the immigrants in the territory of
Emilia-Romagna (% of the population in 2007)
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Direzione Sanità
Sanità e Politiche Sociali
Servizio Politiche per l’
l’Accoglienza e l’
l’Integrazione Sociale
Some socio-economical data:
Foreign workers regularly employed (also in seasonal
jobs) are 275.000 (14,3% of the employed)
Self employed and entrepreneurs are 23.500 (source
unioncamere 31/12/2007).
The contribution of the migrants to the EmiliaRomagna GDP in 2005 was esteemed around 11%
(12.000 billion of €) (source: Unioncamere)
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Direzione Sanità
Sanità e Politiche Sociali
Servizio Politiche per l’
l’Accoglienza e l’
l’Integrazione Sociale
As a consequence of both Immigrants’ settlement in
the Region and calls for family reunion
• the number of minors rises from 28.847 (year 2000)
(5,2%) up to 85.454 (year 2007 - 13,1%);
• in the last years, the babies born from foreign
mothers represent more then 1/5 of the total
number of births;
• the number of foreign pupils rises up from 15.000 in
the academic year 1999/2000 to 65.800 of the a.y.
2007/08;
• With a rate of the 11,8% out of the whole scholastic
population, Emilia-Romagna is the Italian region with
the highest percentage of foreign students
8
Direzione Sanità
Sanità e Politiche Sociali
Servizio Politiche per l’
l’Accoglienza e l’
l’Integrazione Sociale
Legal frameworks and Regional strategies
9
Direzione Sanità
Sanità e Politiche Sociali
Servizio Politiche per l’
l’Accoglienza e l’
l’Integrazione Sociale
The Italian legal framework on “immigration issues”
shares the responsibility among three main subjects:
a) The National Government is in charge of the issues
related to:
- conditions for “access” and “stay” [included the right to access
to the national health system and school attendance (6-15 y.o.)
for the irregular];
- asylum seekers (in partnership with Local Authorities relating
to social assistance and integration issues)
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Direzione Sanità
Sanità e Politiche Sociali
Servizio Politiche per l’
l’Accoglienza e l’
l’Integrazione Sociale
b) the Regional Governments have to:
-
legislate in the matter of social services, assistance
policies and integration.
be responsible for the design of strategies & policies for
integration, to be implemented by local authorities
build a coherent plan of actions.
c) the Local Authorities, in the frame of the regional and
national strategies and legislation, have the formal
competences to run social policies assistance and to
implement social and integration policies (housing, social
services, education, etc)
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Direzione Sanità
Sanità e Politiche Sociali
Servizio Politiche per l’
l’Accoglienza e l’
l’Integrazione Sociale
3 Strategic Objective
of the regional
Government:
• To eliminate all obstacles to
the full social, cultural and
political integration of
immigrants
• To promote the reciprocal
recognition and the
valorization of cultural,
religious and linguistic
identity
• To foster the knowledge of
right and duties of
immigrants citizens
6 Specific macro
Objectives:
1. To improve the knowledge of
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
the phenomenon
To deliver tools and
governance processes
To build positive relations
To guarantee equal
opportunities
To promote the legal
protection
To take part in the
management of migration
flows
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Direzione Sanità
Sanità e Politiche Sociali
Servizio Politiche per l’
l’Accoglienza e l’
l’Integrazione Sociale
The Emilia-Romagna’s objectives on integration of
immigrants are mainly reached through:
- its own legislation (Regional Law for the Social
Integration of Third-country Nationals n.5/2004);
- 3-year programmes for cross-cutting actions: social affairs,
health, school, culture, labour, housing, etc. (3-year
programme 2009-2011 for the social integration of
foreign citizens);
- Agreement with associations, stakeholders and social
bodies on strategic initiatives;
- Funding programmes for Local Authorities and Associations
to implement specific projects or actions.
13
Direzione Sanità
Sanità e Politiche Sociali
Servizio Politiche per l’
l’Accoglienza e l’
l’Integrazione Sociale
The Emilia-Romagna Law n. 5 - 24th March 2004, is
the first organic regional law on immigration approved in
Italy that carries out a deep reform of the whole
regional law system on immigrations issues with the
following objectives:
• to guarantee equality of rights and duties;
• universal access to the welfare system;
• to strengthen the dialogue and respect for diversity;
• to contrast racism e xenophobia;
• to promote the participation to public and political life
(elections of council or added members in the city halls,
associations, …) with the final aim of fostering the right to
vote for migrants
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Direzione Sanità
Sanità e Politiche Sociali
Servizio Politiche per l’
l’Accoglienza e l’
l’Integrazione Sociale
The regional law 5/2004 was followed by
other actions and programme:
a) The 3-year programme is a planning tool that, acting
crosswise the different departments (social, health,
school, cultural, labour), it aims to reach an integrated
strategy to answer migrants’ needs (2006-2008 February
2006 and the new one 2009-2011).
b) The Regional Council for the Integration of the
Immigrants, is a consultative body made out of 38
members composed both of immigrants (two for every
province) and of representatives of the social and
economical organisations that are operating in the region.
The Council works closely linked with the Regional
Government for every institutional issue concerning
immigration.
c) The creation of the Regional Centre against
discriminations and racism* that works in co-operation
with UNAR (national bureau against racial discriminations)
*(http://www.emiliaromagnasociale.it/wcm/emiliaromagnasociale/home/antidiscriminazioni.htm )
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Direzione Sanità
Sanità e Politiche Sociali
Servizio Politiche per l’
l’Accoglienza e l’
l’Integrazione Sociale
d) The Regional Observatory on immigration phenomenon;
e) Funding programmes in favour of Local Authorities and nonprofit sector for projects and actions for the integration
of the migrants at local level;
f) Housing policies;
g) Support to educational agencies (schools, teachers and
students) in the process of cultural integration through-out
cultural mediation and training opportunities for the
teachers
16
Direzione Sanità
Sanità e Politiche Sociali
Servizio Politiche per l’
l’Accoglienza e l’
l’Integrazione Sociale
3-year Regional programme for the social
integration of the immigrants
In Italy the social policies assistance are implemented
at local level by municipalities or other local
authorities, in the framework of the national and
regional legislation.
However the Region plays a tangible role in the social
integration of the immigrants carrying out, since the
year 2000, in partnership with local authorities, a
specific “Regional programme for the social
integration of the immigrants”.
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Direzione Sanità
Sanità e Politiche Sociali
Servizio Politiche per l’
l’Accoglienza e l’
l’Integrazione Sociale
The programme 2006-2008, with an annual
budget of 4 million of Euros, was focused on 3
mainstreams of intervention:
1. To guarantee a positive relationship
between residents and migrants;
2. To guarantee equal opportunity in social life
and access to services and facilities
3. To facilitate the legal safeguard
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Direzione Sanità
Sanità e Politiche Sociali
Servizio Politiche per l’
l’Accoglienza e l’
l’Integrazione Sociale
and it was articulate in:
a) actions in favour of minors and their families;
b) realisation and consolidation of info-points for
foreign citizens;
c) implementation of specific activities of intercultural
mediation, especially in the public offices and
services;
d) alphabetisation to the Italian language, with a
particular attention to the needs of immigrant
women;
e) Fight of smuggling and trafficking
f) protection for asylum seekers and refugees
g) actions for the promotions of the political rights and
participation
19
Direzione Sanità
Sanità e Politiche Sociali
Servizio Politiche per l’
l’Accoglienza e l’
l’Integrazione Sociale
This found is only a part of the whole
budget for immigrants.
A budget that rises up to 20 millions of
Euros every year, if we include the financial
allocation planned for other related issues
like
education, professional training, housing
and health
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Direzione Sanità
Sanità e Politiche Sociali
Servizio Politiche per l’
l’Accoglienza e l’
l’Integrazione Sociale
Agreement with social bodies on strategic initiatives
December 2001: strategic agreement between Regional gov., Local
Authorities, Trade Unions, Employers Organisations and Regional Forum
of the non profit sector about immigrations and immigrants workers;
April 2003: strategic agreement between Regional gov. and Trade Unions
about care workers and immigrants women that provide homecare to
elderly.The protocol aim at the emersion of black work.
June 2004: agreement between Regional gov., Local Authorities
Associations, Regional Forum of the non profit sector, Trade Unions and
NGO’s about asylum seekers and refugees for the implementation of a
regional network for their support.
January 2007: agreement between Regional gov., Local Authorities,
Trade Unions, Employers Organisations, Non profit organisation (in
occasion of the European Year of the Equal Opportunities for All) against
every form of discriminations and for the implementation of a regional
centre that acts against the racism and discriminations.
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Direzione Sanità
Sanità e Politiche Sociali
Servizio Politiche per l’
l’Accoglienza e l’
l’Integrazione Sociale
The result:
A Regional System of reception and integration
• a network of about 140 info-point for immigrants citizens
carried out by the Municipalities (plus those of the Unions
of LA and non-profits Associations;
• over 250 intercultural mediators employed in public
services (schools, social facilities, health’s centres) to
help the relationships between civil servants, citizens and
administrators
• a regional network against exploitation of human being
(since 1999, it has provided help and protection -plus
paths of integration- to more than 2.100 women) (ex. Art.
18 Law 286/98);
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Direzione Sanità
Sanità e Politiche Sociali
Servizio Politiche per l’
l’Accoglienza e l’
l’Integrazione Sociale
• a regional network for refugees and asylum seekers able to
host 205 persons;
• a network of more then 20 intercultural centre run by
municipalities and/or non profit organisations;
• campaign for intercultural communication (newspapers,
radio, TV, web sites) also supporting the grow of media
companies active in the field;
• more then 10 council of immigrants elected with the
universal suffrage system by the foreign citizens, that at
local level, partly fill the absence of representation for non
EU citizens.
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Direzione Sanità
Sanità e Politiche Sociali
Servizio Politiche per l’
l’Accoglienza e l’
l’Integrazione Sociale
and a total of 135 local project co-financed with
the regional budget and run by Local Authorities
also in partnership with Health or Education
Agencies, Third sector actors and Police
Authorities in order to promote:
•
•
•
•
intercultural mediation;
support to educational agencies (schools, teachers and students)
through mediation, opportunities of training, innovative project and
curricula for a better and real schooling process able to support
alphabetisation of adults or minors coming from abroad or
belonging to Rom Culture;
socialisation and aggregation between peoples of different
cultures;
easy access to public services as well as helpdesk for the
compilation of bureaucratic forms
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Direzione Sanità
Sanità e Politiche Sociali
Servizio Politiche per l’
l’Accoglienza e l’
l’Integrazione Sociale
Future challenges :
a) The need of a well structured system of indicators on
inclusion (and of a correlate informative system);
b) Actions in favour of the “second generations”;
c) Actions of networking among social services in order to
facilitate paths of intercultural mediation and a better use
of the facilities
d) Actions to tighten
social relations and to prevent
criminalisation, racism and sense of unsafeness
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Direzione Sanità
Sanità e Politiche Sociali
Servizio Politiche per l’
l’Accoglienza e l’
l’Integrazione Sociale
Quoting Robert Putnam (bowling alone) and his
concept of “social capital”.
He observed that, at first, immigration is a
factor of weakness in the solidarity ties of the
society (because of ignorance, fear, lose of the
sense of identity and so on) but in a second
moment, if the policies of integration are
successfully, immigration has a big role in
increasing the social capital itself.
26
Direzione Sanità
Sanità e Politiche Sociali
Servizio Politiche per l’
l’Accoglienza e l’
l’Integrazione Sociale
Thanks for your attention
For further information:
Andrea Stuppini [email protected]
Marzio Barbieri [email protected]
Regione Emilia-Romagna
Department “Policies for reception and social integration”
www.emiliaromagnasociale.it/wcm/emiliaromagnasociale/home/immigrazione.htm
27