Battlefields - Forts - Museums - Monuments - Memorials - Areas of interest.
PROVINCIA
DI VENEZIA
PROVINCIA
DI VICENZA
Battlefields - Forts - Museums - Monuments - Memorials - Areas of interest
This guide’s contents have been improved, and the guide itself has been reorganised. The idea is to provide visitors
with the means to explore the area and uncover some of the signs of what was a major historic event worthy of
study also by other means.
The guide is an invitation to seek out the sites of the Great War in the Veneto region, and an invitation also to learn
more about this period of transformation which so dramatically impacted the prospects of the area and of its
peoples. Essential information is provided here of the main sites of interest, where testimony of the Great War in
the Provinces of Belluno, Treviso, Venezia and Vicenza can be discovered, studied and preserved.
The sites are grouped under three large Ecomuseums which are currently being started up so that the many local
historic events which are a part of our shared national history can be narrated in a more satisfactory manner. The
guide includes a general map and three section maps with the positions, indicated by various colours, of the sites
dealt with in this publication.
The sites of the Great War
Remembrance − beyond frontiers
Remembrance of the Great War, rather than a commemoration, should be
seen as a time of reflection.
We must remember and honour those whose life and youth came to an
end during those tragic years in the lands of Venetia, along a boundary
line which is hazy, nebulous and which appears to our eyes, nowadays, a
monstrosity generated by rationality: in today’s Europe in which differing
cultures and identities live and work together without divisions.
At that time, more than today, certainly, the Europe of governments stood
apart from the Europe of peoples. And, in the name of the interests and
ideals of others − often neither shared nor understood −, hundreds
of thousands of youngsters were shipped to the fronts to fight other
youngsters. Their duty was to see in others the foe, and to hate the foe to
the point of laying down their lives.
Today, we remember the blood-soaked earth. We go back to, and
conserve, the fields on which they fought, in a peaceful Venetia that looks
forward toward the development of its communities. We look forward,
while also respecting those events and such sacrifice.
These markedly diverse, and frequently inaccessible, corners of our
region deserve to be considered for what they are, in the name of a
beauty enhanced by the fact that, here, historical events took place
which, if it is our desire that they should never repeat themselves, we
must not forget.
This institutional guide dedicated to the main locations of the Great War in the
Veneto region − with its battlefields, fortresses, museums, monuments, cemeteries,
memorials and areas of historic interest − has been thoroughly revised.
The aim shared by our four provinces of the Veneto Region, the Veneto Region itself,
and the Ministry of Culture has nothing to do with celebration of a tragic victory
which now belongs to our distant past (after millions of deaths, who was the true
victor?). The idea, rather, is to acknowledge the suffering of the soldiers of both
sides, not to mention the suffering of the civilian populations. Indeed, in this region,
World War I was truly a total war. It struck rural villages and cities alike. It ripped
through once peaceful valleys. It ripped into the flesh of the region’s people. And the
wounds have never quite healed.
While news of the events is transmitted among the people through the writings of
authors such as Lussu, Hemingway, Comisso and so forth, here these memories
(and an awareness of the dimensions of the tragedy acted out here) are handed
down from one generation to the next. Like the carsic rivers of the area, these
memories lead an underground existence, in the form of the stories of the people at
large, whose sincerity is that much more eloquent in that there is no space here for
ideology.
Visitors to the Veneto region cannot ignore this page of its history. It is a page taken
from the shared history of Italy, since, here, amid suffering and doubt, a national
consciousness was forged. It is a page taken also from the history of Europe,
because the troops of more than fifteen nations fought here.
President of the Veneto Region
Luca Zaia
Gianpaolo Bottacin
President of the Province of Belluno
Leonardo Muraro
President of the Province of Treviso
Francesca Zaccariotto
President of the Province of Venice
Attilio Schneck
President of the Province of Vicenza
Ecomuseum of the
Vicentine Pre-Alps
8
9
1
(V I)
MONTE PASUBIO
Today’s border between the areas
administered respectively by the Today’s
border between the areas administered
RECOARO TERME
respectively by the Provinces of Trento
and Vicenza is marked by the Pasubio
massif. Until 1918, the very same frontier
was the political boundary between Italy
and Austria-Hungary. This circumstance
explains the extraordinary strategic
importance of the Pasubio massif
during the Great War. The area featured
an enormous network of mule tracks
and other lines of communication, the
most remarkable of which, in terms of
imperviousness, was the “Strada delle
Gallerie” (the tunnels road), providing
access to the peaks, in an area which is
so characteristic of the Dolomites region.
3
Extending from the Pasubio massif,
Monte Novegno forms the southern flank
of the mid-portion of the Posina valley.
Viewed from all sides, the impression
we have is of an imposing bulwark or
bastion overlooking the Vicentine plains.
And this, indeed, was its role during the
Strafexpedition of Spring 1916. When the
troops of Austria-Hungary withdrew, the
Italian detachments began to fortify the
zone extensively, above all at the Priaforà
strongpoint, the heights of Cima Alta and
Vaccaresse, and Forte Rivon.
Battlefield
1915 - 1918
Free entry
Municipalities:
Valli del Pasubio
Posina
Trambileno (TN)
Vallarsa (TN)
Terragnolo (TN)
VALLI DEL PASUBIO
(V I)
This mighty buttress stretches southward
and, as it stretches on, it decreases in
size, starting out from Monte Maggio. We
have, here, the summits of the Coston dei
Laghi, Monte Borcoletta, and Corno del
Coston, as well as the dramatic ‘towers’
of Monte Majo, forming a barrier for the
upper Val Posina valley.
This zone among the foothills of the Alps
is noteworthy not only in terms of its
history (notably, the first year of the War
until the Strafexpedition, which started
here), but also in terms of its features of
environmental interest, not to mention the
marvellous panoramas.
4
1915 - 1917
Free entry
Municipalities:
Schio e Posina
Monte Novegno
VICENZA
(VI)
MONTE CENGIO
The monumental area of the Monte Cengio
is one of the most strikingly evocative
among the itineraries relating to mountain
warfare: “La Granatiera” (the grenadier)
road was carved out of the Cengio’s rocky
walls looking directly down on the Val
d’Astico valley. The road was linked to a
system of tunnels, battle stations, cave
mouth batteries, and mule tracks (lines of
communication), all located in an area of
extraordinary beauty.
Battlefield
1915 - 1918
Free entry
Municipalities:
Posina e Laghi
LAGHI
COGOLLO DEL CENGIO
VALDASTICO
10
VALLI DEL PASUBIO
MONTE MAGGIO
POSINA
Battlefield
SCHIO
SCHIO
2
(VI)
CIMA ALTA - VACCARESSE
VICENZA
Battlefield
1915 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Cogollo del Cengio
TRESCHE’ CONCA
ASIAGO
11
5
(V I)
VAL MAGNABOSCHI
The Lemerle, Magnaboschi and Zovetto
positions were bitterly contended during
the Strafexpedition, which ended when
Italian detachments (the Forlì and Liguria
brigades) repelled the Imperial advance.
From April 1918 on, the area was
garrisoned by British units, which
defeated the Austrian offensive of
June 1918. These units were mainly
responsible for the complex system of
trenches, the armoured emplacements
and the refuges which can still be seen
here today.
CESUNA
ASIAGO
VICENZA
6
BASSANO
ASIAGO
VICENZA
12
Given its specific position, Monte
Forno was prepared for defence by
the detachments of the 27th Infrantry
Regiment from Styria. It became a major
strongpoint: in June 1917, it successfully
held out against the infantry assault of
the Arno brigade which attempted to
reach Val Galmarara. The refuges and the
works on the western slopes of Monte
Forno are well worth a visit, as is the
complex system of tunnels linking the
zones immediately behind the lines to the
cave emplacements and the main line of
resistance.
1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Roana
Opening and closing
times:
Every day, 9:00-18:00
(July and August);
Sundays, 9:00-18:00
(April, May, June,
September, October,
November).
(V I)
(VI)
MONTE FORNO
Battlefield
MONTE ZEBIO
Given its central position, Monte Zebio
was a key stronghold along the Austrian
line of resistance stretching from Val
d’Assa to the Ortigara ridge. It was
therefore prepared for defence, with a
complex system of trenches, tunnels
and cave emplacements still largely
visible today. During the summer of
1916 and, above all, during the Battle of
Ortigara (10-25 June 1917), the Italian
detachments repeatedly attacked the
Austrian positions, to no avail whatsoever.
7
ASIAGO
Municipality:
Enego - Lusiana
VALSUGANA
(VI)
MONTE CHIESA
Battlefield
1917
Free entry
Municipality:
Asiago
Monte Chiesa became the ‘memorial’
ground of the 17th Slovenian regiment
from Ljubljana, which occupied this
GALLIO
location in June 1916 with units from
Bosnia and Herzegovina, and also from
Styria. The Ljubljana regiment organized
the lines and areas behind the front. We
find important remains here, such as the
HQ hutments or the so-called “Dolina
degli Sloveni” (dolina, or depression of the
ground surface, of the Slovenians), and
the complex Thurmau Tunnel system of
tunnels and cave emplacements (named
after the commander of the regiment,
Ventour von Thurmau). Since it was so
impervious, the peak was never directly
attacked by Italian troops.
ORTIGARA
BASSANO
1917
Free entry
ENEGO
GALLIO
8
Battlefield
ASIAGO
Battlefield
1916 - 1917
Free entry
Municipality:
Enego
Monte Ortigara
ENEGO
VALSUGA
13
9
(V I)
CIMA CALDIERA
Occupied by the Alpine troops during
the counteroffensive launched by the
Italians, between summer 1916 and
autumn 1917, the entire area was strongly
fortified. The hutment complex of Pozzo
della Scala is well worth a visit, as are
the complex array of communication and
other trenches leading on from Pozzo
della Scala to Monte Campanaro (Mount
Campanaro), Cima Caldiera (Caldiera
peak), above, and the vestiges of the
observation post of Gen. Di Giorgio,
commander of the 4th Alpine group
(raggruppamento alpino) during the Battle
of Ortigara.
A major stronghold along Italy’s line
of maximum resistance, Monte Lozze
provided an excellent observation point
for directing artillery fire against the
Austrian positions on Monte Ortigara
and the Campigoletti area. The main
communication trenches extended from
Monte Lozze, linking the forward lines
of the vallone dell’Agnellizza (Agnellizza
valley) − and, to the south, the Campiluzzi
line − with logistical supply lines behind
the front. The entire zone presents clear
testimony of the defensive construction
works of the Italians, built between
summer 1916 and autumn 1917.
Battlefield
1916 - 1917
Free entry
Municipality:
Enego
Monte Ortigara
ORTIGARA
GALLIO
ENEGO
(V I)
10 MONTE ORTIGARA
This is one of the most historically
significant zones of the entire Altopiano,
ORTIGARA
ASIAGO
14
or uplands area. One of the bloodiest
battles of World War I took place here,
known as Action “K”, or, more widely, as
the Battle of Ortigara (June 1917). We
are moved, even today, at the sight of
the remains of imposing defensive works
constructed by both sides, not to mention
the complex system of roads, mule
tracks and logistical centres.
These structures are fairly well conserved
and can also be reached by the “Sentiero
della Pace” (peace footpath) and paths
for tourists indicated by CAI (the Italian
Alpine Club).
1917
Free entry
Municipality:
Enego
VALSUGANA
(VI)
12 MELETTE DI FOZA
The complex natural amphitheatre
made up of the summits of the mounts
Tondarecar, Castelgomberto, Fior, Spil
and Miela, surrounding the small stretch
of alpine grazing land (malga) known
as “malga Lora”, became (between
June1916 and November 1917) a theatre
for some of the bloodiest battles of World
War I to be fought on the Altopiano di
Asiago (Asiago uplands). Testimony
remains in the form of many memorial
stones and monuments, and the vestiges
of the military cemetery of “malga Lora”.
Battlefield
1917
Free entry
Municipality:
Enego
GALLIO
ENEGO
VALSUGANA
Battlefield
ENEGO
ASIAGO
VALSUGANA
ASIAGO
(VI)
11 MONTE LOZZE
ASIAGO
Battlefield
1916 - 1917
Free entry
Municipality:
Foza
FOZA
VALSUGANA
15
(V I)
13 CAMPOLONGO FORT
Forte Campolongo (Campolongo Fort)
overhanging the Val d’Astico valley, the
ROTZO
VAL D’ASTICO
twin of Forte Verena, is certainly the
best preserved of strongholds after the
Punta Corbin stronghold. Near this fort,
we now find the point of arrival of one
of the two “Sentiero della Pace” (peace
path) itineraries. From the nearby Piana di
Vezzena (the Vezzena plain, coming under
the administration of Trento) the peace
path itineraries cross the Altipiano upland
in opposing directions.
The stronghold was built between 1912
and 1914. It housed four 149 S cannons
placed under rotating domes of a
thickness of 180 mm.
Fort
1915 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Rotzo
Given its position, well back from the
front, Forte Corbin was more or less
inactive during the first half of the conflict.
(V I)
BASSANO
Fort
1916
Entrance fee
Municipality:
Roana
Opening and closing
times:
Every day, 9:00-18:00
(July and August);
Sundays,
9:00-18:00 (April, May,
June, September,
October, November).
(VI)
16 CAMPOMOLON FORT
On the former boundary line between
Italy and Austria, the (incomplete)
Campomolon fortress was built on the
heights separating the Fiorentini and
Tonezza uplands, at an altitude of 1,853
metres. While not completed, it hosted a
battery of 280-mm howitzers. We note
the imposing rubblework walls providing
cover, the enormous excavations required
to build the fortress (half under rock
cover, and half exposed), and, lastly, the
interesting (and, architecturally speaking,
pleasingly rounded) form of the tunnel.
Fort
1915 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Valdastico
VALICO VALBONA
PEDESCALA
ARSIERO
ASIAGO
VICENZA
ASIAGO
Dominating the Conca d’Arsiero valley,
near the “case Ratti” (Ratti houses)
settlement, we find the fortress of the
same name. Located downstream on the
torrente Astico (Astico torrent - to the right
as one looks downstream), at an altitude
of approx. 350 m., the role of Forte Ratti
was to control movements from the upper
Val d’Astico.
Built in the years, 1906-1908, there are
a number of clear conceptual differences
in the manner in which it was designed,
setting it apart from the Italian fortresses
constructed later.
16
Although originally armed with six 149
mm guns placed in rotating steel dome
turrets, the cannons were transported
elsewhere and replaced with tree trunks.
The fortification was bombarded in May
1916 at the start of the Strafexpedition,
occupied by the Austrian vanguards
from the Kliemann group (7:30 p.m., 29
May 1916), and abandoned during the
strategic retreat of 24 June 1916.
It remained a forward observation post
for the Italians.
TRESCHE’ CONCA
ROANA
14 RATTI FORT
LASTEBASSE
(VI)
15 CORBIN FORT
FOLGARIA
Fort
1915 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Arsiero
TONEZZA
ARSIERO
17
(V I)
17 VERENA FORT
Forte Verena is surely one of the
fortresses of the Great War most
frequently cited in the many memoirs
ROTZO
of this time. Armed with four 149 mm
guns, during the first days of the conflict
it caused considerable damage to the
Austrian strongpoints on Piana di Vezzena
(the Vezzena plain). Nevertheless, on
12 June 1915, it was incapacitated by a
bombshell that took the lives of as many
as 44 gunners. The attack presumably
came from the Austrian positions at
Costa Alta. This incident caused a great
stir in the national and international press
at the time and led the Italian Supreme
Command to order (2 July 1915) that
Italian fortifications within the range of the
Austrians be dismantled.
Fort
1915 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Roana
ASIAGO
ASIAGO
(V I)
This former barracks defending Monte
Interrotto (which is incorrectly referred to
as Forte Interrotto) dates back to before
World War I. The structure nevertheless
‘saw action’ and was severely damaged.
An entirely stone-built structure dating
back to the latter half of the nineteenth
century, overlooking the settlement of
Camporovere, this barracks structure is
most decidedly a remarkable structure,
and one of considerable interest.
18
Fort
1915 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Enego
ENEGO
18 MONTE INTERROTTO
VICENZA
Forte Lisser, dominating the settlement of
Enego, made up part of the defences of
the Canale del Brenta (Brenta canal).
Although featuring the most modern of
armoured structures and despite the fact
that it was hardly ever directly involved in
acts of war, this fortification is clearly in a
poor state of repair.
Well preserved, instead is the
underground powder magazine − a
structure which is both historically and
architecturally worthy of note.
ROANA
VICENZA
CAMPOROVERE
(VI)
19 LISSER FORT
VALSUGANA
(VI)
20 COLDARCO FORT
With its four 75 A mm guns, the building
of this redoubt began in 1910. It made up
a part of the Brenta – Cismon defences.
It consisted in an approx. 300-metre
long tunnel entirely excavated in the
rock, leading on to five tunnels facing the
Valsugana valley. The battery was linked
to the HQ building by a covered trench.
Fort
1915 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Asiago
ASIAGO
Fort
1915 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Enego
ENEGO
BASSANO
ASIAGO
VALSUGANA
19
(V I)
21 MUSEUM OF THE FIRST ARMY
The museum dedicated to the soldiers
of the First Army is housed in a building
on the colle Bellavista (Bellavista hill, alt.
VALLI DEL PASUBIO
1,217 m), standing guard over the Sengio
Alto (Sengio heights) toward the plain, or
Pianura. The museum building stands next
to a memorial. The documentary function
of the museum is complementary to that
of the memorial itself.
The cabinets house material of historical
interest (arms, military equipment,
photographs, memorabilia, maps,
uniforms, and a large model of the
Pasubio massif). This material has been
gathered together thanks to the generosity
of the heirs, Pecori Giraldi and Papa, and
the keen interest of dedicated scholars
and researchers.
Museum
1915 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Valli del Pasubio
Location:Colle
Bellavista
Tel. 0445.593011
ROVERETO
The museum, “La vita del soldato nella
Grande Guerra” (the life of soldiers during
the Great War) was started up in 1999 at
Recoaro. We find here an extraordinary
collection of materials relating to the dayto-day lives of soldiers and conditions on
the Alpine front during World War I. These
objects were gathered from battlefields
(primarily, in the Adamello and Pasubio
areas) by Antonio Storti, from Recoaro.
The exhibits, now open to the public,
document the lives of thousands at the
front.
VICENZA
20
significance of the Val Posina valley, and
its landscape).
The aim is to ‘train’ visitors arriving at the
theatres of the Great War and to provide
them with the means to learn more (also
by turning to the literature, familiarising
themselves with the facts, and putting the
facts to the test).
The “Centro di Rappresentazione
Museale” at Posina hosts the “Centro
Visita dell’Ecomuseo della Grande Guerra
nelle Prealpi Vicentine” (visitors’ centre for
the Ecomuseum of the Great War in the
Vicentine Pre-Alps).
RECOARO TERME
VICENZA
Free entry
Municipality:
Posina
Location: Fusine
ARSIERO
(V I)
Museum
1915 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Recoaro Terme
(VI)
24 CIMONE VISITORS’ CENTRE
The idea behind a visitors’ centre
focussing on the specific theme of
the Great War on Monte Cimone, with
particular attention paid to mine warfare,
is that of providing a structure capable
of gathering material and documentary
testimony of this time, while also
fostering dialogue and exchange. This
institution is one of the key components
of the Ecomuseo della Grande Guerra
delle Prealpi Vicentine (Ecomuseum of
the Great War in the Vicentine Pre-Alps).
Development of the museum’s overview
of the area is enhanced by inclusion
of dynamic approaches such as we
associate with the visitors’ centres of the
great open-air museums.
Museum
1916 - 1917
Free entry
Municipality:
Tonezza del Cimone
Tel. 0445.793380
Fax 0445.793389
TONEZZA
SCHIO
Museum
1915 - 1918
FUSINE
VICENZA
22 THE LIFE OF A SOLDIER IN THE GREAT WAR
VALDAGNO
The main characteristic of the various
heritage items linked to the Great War,
whether mobile or immobile, is their
presence throughout this area.
The role of the “Centro di
Rappresentazione Museale” (centre of
museum representation) at Posina is
to provide visitors with the means to
explore this tragic event through various
activities centred on didactic practices
and communication, taking us beyond
the task of merely providing information.
Various meanings attach to this historic
event (which deeply modified the cultural
POSINA
SCHIO
(VI)
23 MUSEUM REPRESENTATION CENTRE
ARSIERO
VICENZA
21
(V I)
25 ROVINI COLLECTION
A fine collection of objects dating back
to World War I is hosted by former
primary school premises in the district of
Tresche Conca. The collection on display,
made available by the Rovini family, was
inaugurated in June 1998. It is the result
of painstaking research into the materials
providing testimony of the Great War. In
some of the rooms, visitors will find more
than 700 items, such as bombs, rifles,
bayonets, helmets, uniforms, crampons
and pots and pans (discovered on the
battlefield of the Altipiano di Asiago
uplands, in the area of the Pasubio massif,
along the Brenta, Piave and Isonzo rivers,
on the Carso heights, and in Comelico).
TRESCHE’
CONCA
CANOVE
ASIAGO
BASSANO
VICENZA
Museum
Free entry
Municipality:
Roana
Location:Tresche Conca
(V I)
26 HISTORIC MUSEUM OF THE ’15 – ’18 WAR
This Museum, with its enormous
CANOVE
VICENZA
22
quantities of exhibits and documents
linked to World War I, is one of the
largest of its kind. As for all of the upland
(Altipiano) and border settlements,
Canove suffered the violence of that
war. When the war ended, the healing
slowly started. These communities were
gradually rebuilt, and it was during this
period of patient reconstruction that
so many of the instruments of the war
resurfaced (arms, ammunition and any
number of the personal possessions of
soldiers on both sides).
ASIAGO
BASSANO
“Per non dimenticare” (lest we forget).
These are the words we find engraved
on the truncated column erected at an
altitude of 2,105 m, on Monte Ortigara.
Remembering the sacrifices, the suffering
and the lives destroyed by the war, and
the “battaglia dei tre monti” (battle of three
mountains) serves as a warning to all,
and as an exhortation to seek peace. This
is the mission of the Museo della Guerra
di Sasso di Asiago (the Sasso di Asiago
War Museum) − undertaken in the name
of all, from all nations, who suffered and
fell on our mountainsides.
1915 - 1918
Tel. 0424.692212
www.collezionerovini.it
Opening and closing
times: from 15 June to 15
September, 10:00-12:00
and 15:30-19:00 (booking
required for the other
months).
Museum
1915 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Asiago
Location:Sasso
Tel. 0424.690018
www.sassodiasiago.it
ASIAGO
VICENZA
BASSANO
(VI)
28 MUSEUM OF THE RISORGIMENTO AND RESISTANCE
The museum, dedicated to the struggle
for Italian unity and the resistance
movement, commemorates various
events, personages and protagonists of
historical significance to Italy and to the
city. Room 4 hosts a section dedicated to
World War I, with a collection of writings,
memorabilia, uniforms, decorations,
photographs and maps, as well as letters,
anthems and patriotic songs reflecting
sentiments widespread among the people
at that time.
Museum
1915 - 1918
Entrance fee
Municipality:
Roana
Location: Canove
Tel. 0424.692212
Opening and closing
times: from 15 June
to 15 September,
10:00-12:00 and
15:30-19:00 (booking
required for the other
months).
(VI)
27 THE BATTLE OF THE THREE MOUNTAINS
VERONA
VICENZA
PADOVA
Museum
1915 - 1918
Entrance fee
Municipality:
Vicenza
Opening and closing
times:
from 02/10 to 14/05
9:00-12:00 and
14:00-17:00
from 15/05 to 01/10
9:00-12:00 and
15:00-18:00.
23
(V I)
29 THE SCRAPPERS’ MUSEUM
In the 1920’s, in order to aid Italian
industry (whose stocks of raw materials
were at an all-time low as a result of the
war effort), and also to meet the needs of
the many people who, following the war,
found themselves jobless, homeless and
totally destitute, the government issued
a decree legally permitting recovery of
war materials. As a result, “recuperanti”
(scrap collectors) entered the picture,
who recovered large quantities of ‘noble’
materials (e.g. lead, brass and copper).
These materials, the refuse of war,
were stored in temporary deposits and
then sold. This museum was set up to
commemorate the ‘age’ of the scrapper.
An association of upland municipalities,
“Comunità Montana del Brenta”, opened
the museum following the acquisition of
a private collection to which other items
were added in the form of donations
from many associations and private
individuals..
SAN NAZARIO
CISMON DEL GRAPPA
BASSANO
Museum
1915 - 1918
Entrance fee
Municipality:
San Nazario
Location:
Carpanè
Tel. 0424.692212
Opening and closing
times:from 15 June
to 15 September,
10:00-12:00 and
15:30:19:00 (booking
required for the other
months).
(V I)
30 PASUBIO CHAPEL AND OSSUARY
Building work on this monument and
ossuary began in 1920. The inauguration
took place on 29 August 1926. The
ossuary is made up of two concentric
tunnels. The crypt holds the remains of
70 holders of decorations for military
valour.
The crypt was also the site of
entombment, in 1952, of the Maresciallo
d’Italia, Guglielmo Pecori Giraldi, who
commanded the First Army from 9 May
1916 until the victorious conclusion of
the war in November 1918.
The memorial contains the remains
of 5,017 Italian soldiers killed in battle
(3,400 of whom unknown) from the war
cemeteries of the Pasubio area, and of 60
unknown Austro-Hungarian soldiers.
(VI)
31 CIMONE MEMORIAL
This monument was built to duly
commemorate, and to provide a resting
place for, the infantrymen of the First
Battalion of the 219th Foot of the Brigata
Sele who died on 23 September 1916
following the explosion of an Austrian
mine on the summit of Monte Cimone di
Arsiero. The monument was designed by
the architect, Thom Cevese. It consists
in a tower on four arches surmounted
by an octagonal pyramid-like spire. The
monument is made up of three parts: an
ossuary, a small chapel, and the spire.
The ossuary is housed in one space,
since the identities of the 1,210 corpses
are all unknown.
TONEZZA
24
Municipality:
Arsiero
Access:
road from Tonezza
(VI)
32 LEITEN WAR MEMORIAL
Constructed between 1932 and 1936, on
the colle del Leiten (Leiten hill), the war
memorial of the same name (designed by
the architect, O. Rossato) was inaugurated
in the presence of His Majesty, King
Vittorio Emanuele III on 17 July 1938.
The enormous crypt with its square base
contains the remains of 19,999 AustroHungarians and 34,286 Italians killed in
battle (including 12 holders of gold medal
decorations for military valour).
Memorial
1915 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Valli del Pasubio
Colle Bellavista
Tel. 0445.593011
SCHIO
VICENZA
Free entry
VICENZA
VICENZA
ROVERETO
1915 - 1918
ARSIERO
ASIAGO
VALLI DEL PASUBIO
Memorial
BASSANO
Memorial
1915 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Asiago
Opening and closing
times:
from 02/10 to 14/05
9:00-12:00 and
14:00-17:00;
from 15/05 to 01/10
9:00-12:00 and
15:00-18:00.
25
(V I)
33 MONTE CIVILLINA
During the summer of 1916, on the
border of the Empire (a borderline now
separating the provinces of Vicenza
and Trento), Engineer Corps units under
General Graziani, aided by many civilians
(including women and children), built an
imposing defence structure. To protect the
plain of Vicenza, the line stretched along
the Catena delle Tre Croci ridge, taking in
Campogrosso, to finally reach Pian delle
Fugazze (the Fugazze plain).
Area of interest
1916 - 1917
Free entry
Municipality:
Recoaro Terme
The uplands “Sentiero della Pace”
footpath makes up a part of an itinerary
THIENE
VICENZA
GHERTELE
VAL D’ASSA
26
Area of interest
1915 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Asiago
BASSANO
(V I)
34 CAMPO GALLINA
Located at the foot of the western
slopes of Monte Colombarone in the
of 350 km along the front of World War I,
taking in Monte Stelvio (Mount Stelvio),
and the Ortles and Adamello peaks, the
heights of the Pasubio massif and the
uplands between Trento and Vicenza,
where the decisive battles took place.
This footpath functions as an open-air
museum, since it takes us to historical
locations restored and still visitable today.
The “Sentiero della Pace” covers about
68 km circa from the basin altitude 1,000
m to 2,105 m (the altitude at the rocky
terrain of Monte Ortigara).
ASIAGO
VALDAGNO
RECOARO TERME
(VI)
35 PEACE FOOTPATH
upper Portule valley, the basin of Campo
Gallina (Gallina field) became, after the
Strafexpedition (June 1916), one of
the main logistical centres of the Sixth
Austro-Hungarian Division. The location
was organised along the lines of a citadel,
with a hospital, shop, cinema, chapel,
hutments, refuges and storehouses.
In the broad basin dominated by the
imposing “monumento agli eroi”
(monument for heroes) we see the
remains of field hospital no. 1303, the
military cemetery and the chapel’s
podium.
Area of interest
1915 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Asiago
Monte Ortigara
Access from Larici
and from Val Galmarara
CAI (the Italian Alpine
Club) footpath no. 830
ASIAGO
VICENZA
27
Ecomuseum of the
Belluno Dolomites
30
31
1
(BL)
GRUPPO DEL PADON
Access: easy, well signposted CAI (Italian
Alpine Club) footpaths from Passo Pordoi, from
Passo Fedaia, and from Arabba and Ornella.
On the other hand, the trenches route called
via Ferrata delle Trincee is a much harder
route, for fully equipped experts only. The
Gruppo del Padon (Padon group), between
ROCCA PIETORE
the Cordevole valley and the mountain, la
Marmolada, was the theatre of tremendous
battles. The Austro-Hungarians had gained a
firm foothold on the line stretching from Pala
Mariagn to Pizzac, Pescoi, and Sas de Mezdì,
down to the Bamberg refuge in Passo Fedaia
(now the Rifugio Castiglioni). The Italians during
their attack climbed from Crepe Rosse, Mesola
and the Ornella mountain, and the front was
consolidated until the great defeat at Caporetto.
There are many clear traces of trench warfare
(lasting until October 1917) along the ridge
(Ferrata delle trincee). The Ornella mountain
features masonry work, and many caves are
to be found at Ciampei and Col Toront. Visitors
may wish to walk along the deep trenches which
are still accessible between Pescoi and Pizzac.
2
1915- 1917
Free entry
Municipalities:
Livinallongo del Col
di Lana
Rocca Pietore
From Forte ‘n Tra i Sass below Passo
Falzarego, once the road has been crossed,
visitors may follow the footpath for more or
less a quarter of an hour to reach the slopes
of the Piccolo Lagazuoi to view the recently
restored Austrian defence structures. This is
an itinerary suitable for all visitors. A visit to
the Vonbank emplacement provides us with
PIEVE DI LIVINALLONGO
(BL)
COL DI LANA
LIVINALLONGO
ARABBA
June-September. When war broke out, Col di
Lana was an Austrian bastion defending the
valleys, Val Badia and Val Pusteria. Its steep,
bare slopes presented a great challenge to
the Italians: the hill fell to the Italians only
after the explosion of a mine during the
night (17-18 April 1916). It was then lost
again after the great defeat at Caporetto.
Col di Lana and nearby Monte Sief (Mount
Sief) were burrowed and dug into by both
sides for tunnels for mines and protection.
The trenches (including the communication
trenches) have now been partly restored and
opened up to visitors who take the footpath
(fitted out for safety) linking the two summits.
In 1935, a chapel in memory the fallen was
built on Col di Lana, as a place of pilgrimage
and commemoration.
a fine opportunity to admire the very many
vestiges of the Austrian positions which –
together with the Selletta Goiginger saddle,
opposite – functioned as a fixed barrier
against a possible Italian advance toward
Tyrol. This defensive system – named after
Heinrich Vonbank, the commander of the
2nd Kaiserjäger Regiment – was therefore
designed to withstand a frontal attack (and,
indeed, it was more than adequate in this
sense).
The defensive works were reinforced by six
lines of barbed wire fencing. A characteristic
of this structure was its fretted, or grecate,
layout, with cross-banks providing protection
against shrapnel.
The recent restoration work highlights
the extraordinary importance, and unique
characteristics, of this system.
4
Battlefield
1915- 1917
Free entry
Municipality:
Cortina d’Ampezzo
www.lagazuoi5torri.dolomiti.org
[email protected]
ANDRAZ
PASSO FALZAREGO
ARABBA
CANAZEI
Start out from Pieve di Livinallongo or
Passo Valparola. This is a medium-difficulty
itinerary, and visitors should be adequately
equipped. The recommended season is
32
Battlefield
PASSO FEDAIA
ALLEGHE
(BL)
3 VONBANKSTELLUNG
(BL)
PICCOLO LAGAZUOI
Battlefield
1915 - 1917
Free entry
Municipality:
Livinallongo del
Col di Lana
From Passo Falzarego, visitors can reach the
summit of the Piccolo Lagazuoi by a convenient
cableway. The downhill route provides a
veritable open-air museum itinerary, including
tunnelled war structures. Please note that parts
of the route are safety equipped. These very
short stretches require care and also torches.
The recommended season is mid- to late
summer. At other times of the year, the route
may be dangerous due to the presence of water
or ice. The cableway generally operates from
early June until the third week of October (every
15’). The Piccolo Lagazuoi was of strategic
importance to both armies during the Great
War (a fact the Austrians realised immediately).
Thus, when the conflict broke out, the Austrians
occupied observations posts there at altitudes
“2668” and “2779”. Cengia Martini is a very
fine location that illustrates the challenges of
mountain warfare. It can still be visited today
(after a visit to the tunnel started in early 1917).
Thanks to reconstructions, one leaves with a
vivid impression of what life was like at the front.
The tunnels are now open to the public thanks
to the restoration work undertaken by the joint
efforts of the Italian ‘Alpini’, or Alpine troops, and
their Austrian and German counterparts, united
by a desire not to let this era fall into oblivion.
Battlefield
1915 - 1917
Free entry
Municipality:
Cortina D’Ampezzo
Location:
Passo Falzarego
Tel. e fax 0436.867301
www.lagazuoi5torri.dolomiti.org
[email protected]
POCOL
ANDRAZ
CORTINA
PASSO FALZAREGO
CORTINA
D’AMPEZZO
33
5
(BL)
SASSO DI STRIA (Hexenfels)
A partly restored military track leads from Passo
Falzarego to the peak. This climb includes
exposed, fairly risky stretches (safety fixtures
have been fitted) and must be considered an
Alpine climb. Duration: approx. 1 hour. This was
an Austrian stronghold right from the earliest
days of the war. While patrols were sent out
on reconnaissance missions above, the peak
on the approach to the main peak (Selletta
Goiginger, or Goiginger saddle) and the saddle
below were occupied on an ongoing basis. The
outcrop was pierced by caves and by a tunnel
at the mouth of which stood a small cannon.
The Italian offensive against the “Stria” was one
of the first actions of the war in the Cadore area
and Ampezzo basin. The reinforcement work
conducted here is truly awe-inspiring. Visitors
interested in these events will be sure to seek out
information on the young nineteen year-old hero
of the “Stria”, second lieutenant Mario Fusetti,
whose body appears never to have been found.
Fusetti rests amid the rocks of this contended
mountain. The Associazione Nazionale Alpini has
now conducted restoration work on the Sasso di
Stria open-air museum.
7
(BL)
CINQUE TORRI
Battlefield
1915 - 1917
Free entry
Municipality:
Cortina d’Ampezzo
Location: Passo
Falzarego (m 2105)
Tel. 0436.2863
www.lagazuoi5torri.dolomiti.org
[email protected]
The 5 Torri (five towers) can also be reached
by chair lift between June and September
(also by skiers during the winter). The
museum visit commences after a short walk
from the upper chair lift station near the
refuge, Rifugio Scoiattoli. Audio guides can
be rented (Italian, English and German) at the
lower chair lift station. Below the rocky Torre
Grande (2,361 m) forward outpost, we find
the Rifugio Cinque Torri (five towers refuge),
dating back to 1904, serving as base for
the “Reggio” brigade. A barracks settlement
was installed amid the large rocks, with
emplacements for Italian gunners. The area
also featured shelters, emplacements, caves
and communication and other trenches, set
up at the very start of the war. This was an
extremely important position, from which it
was possible to observe the Austrian Col di
Lana/Sief/Settsass line. It was a second line,
very well protected to prevent the Austrians
from re-occupying Cortina and ascending via
Val Costeana (the Costeana valley).
Battlefield
1915 - 1917
Free entry
Municipality:
Cortina d’Ampezzo
Location:
Val Costeana (m 2137)
Tel. 0436.4610
Tel. 0436.2863
www.lagazuoi5torri.dolomiti.org
[email protected]
POCOL
POCOL
PASSO FALZAREGO
ANDRAZ
6
PASSO FALZAREGO
(BL)
CASTELLETTO DI TOFANA
Access to this key site may be gained from the
refuge, Rifugio Angelo Dibona (2,083 m), which
can be reached by car. A footpath (trail mark 404)
leads to the tunnel entrance (approx. 45 minutes).
Please note that this is not the Galleria Elicoidale
(helicoidal tunnel) (Galleria di Mina (mine tunnel),
11 July 1916) rising within the Tofana, located
opposite, which is not dealt with in this guide,
given its high altitude, exposure and inaccessibility
CORTINA
D’AMPEZZO
CORTINA
D’AMPEZZO
to all but expert climbers (safety fixtures have been
fitted). Beyond the steps leading up to the tunnel,
a very short level stretch takes us to the entrance
of the impressive Galleria dei Cannoni (cannons
tunnel). The Galleria del Cannone (cannon tunnel)
is a broad horizontal window which was excavated
by the Italians after Castelletto was taken. Before
this tunnel, the site had hosted only a small cave
which served as a shelter for the guard units
defending the Cappelli route. The hard work
put in by the Alpini (Alpine troops) turned this
position into a huge, well-illuminated underground
complex with large windows looking out over the
Val Costeana (Costeana valley), Monte Lagazuoi
(Mount Lagazuoi) and the Alta Val Travenánzes
(upper Travenánzes valley). A fine plaque bears
witness to this titanic effort. We see here the old
hobnailed boot footprints left in the wet cement.
8
Battlefield
1916
Free entry
Municipality:
Cortina d’Ampezzo
Location: Val
Costeana
(BL)
MONTE PIANA (2.324 M)
Monte Piana (Mount Piana), placed against
the stunning backdrop of the peaks of the
Dolomites, has rightly been considered the
epitome of the immense and appalling tragedy
and suffering. The death toll came to 14,000.
This truly spectacular location still evokes
the memory of the very many troops who
died here. Vast, precise restoration work has
been conducted (including safety measures)
in order to provide visitors with a chance
to examine the extraordinary defensive and
offensive works installed by both sides. These
efforts led, however, to a protracted stalemate
which saw much bloodshed. The sheer scale
of this battlefield (the length and width of the
outcrop are 2.5 kilometers and 600 metres,
respectively) eloquently provides testimony,
to this day, of the endless suffering of those
29 tremendous months of war. The refuge is
reached from Misurina (1,756 m) by means
of a convenient mule track or by a shuttle
service (1 June-30 October; 9:00-17:00, daily;
departures every approx. 20 minutes; meeting
point: Pensione Genzianella). The Bosi refuge
is open daily during the summer season (1
June-10 October). It is then only open during
the weekends (during the winter, only for
limited periods from December to April).
MISURINA
FALZAREGO
34
CORTINA
CARBONIN
AURONZO
Battlefield
1915 - 1917
Free entry
Municipality:
Auronzo di Cadore
Location: Misurina
Rifugio Bosi (refuge)
Tel. 0435.39034
338.4328242
[email protected]
Shuttle service
www.montepiana.com
[email protected]
tel. 338.5282447
336.309730
35
(BL)
9 FORCELLA DEI FORTINI – MONTE CHIADÉNIS
Forcella dei Fortini (the pass of fortresses)
one of the best-fortified locations on
the Sappada heights. Apart from the
surroundings, one sure attraction is the
short tunnel in which we still find graffiti
with the names of men and detachments.
Together with the nearby Monte Avanza
(Mount Avanza) works, the site fully
evokes the determination with which the
Italian soldiers held on to these impervious
positions. Access is by car from the Cima
Sappada settlement (1,298 m) up to car
park at 1,815 metres close to the Sorgenti
del Piave (springs of the River Piave). A
short walk along a formerly military mule
track (altitude difference, 350 m, covered
in 45 minutes) takes visitors to the refuge.
A further ten minutes takes us to the
‘forcella’, or mountain pass, which was of
such key importance to the Italians.
Battlefield
1915 - 1917
Free entry
Municipality:
Sappada
Location:
Sorgenti del Piave
Rifugio P.F.Calvi
Rifugio Calvi (refuge)
Tel. 0435.469232
The Batteria Listolade (Listolade battery), in the
territory administered by the Comune di Taibon
Agordino (municipality of Taibon Agordino),
more widely known as “Forte di Pèden”, was
constructed toward the close of the nineteenth
century at the foot of Monte S. Lucano in order
to control the Listolade pass, or narrows, and
movements from the direction of Val Corpassa
(the Corpassa valley). A fine military road (with
enormous rubblework walls) leads to the location
from Coi di Péden (680 m), also within the
territory administered by the Comune di Taibon
Agordino. Although the vegetation has not been
cleared away, this emplacement, given its specific
architectural and military significance, is well worth
a visit. On the approach to the battery, we find a
road branching off to the left leading to the Costa
Bortolot emplacements (alt. 1,121 m) (landslides
are possible): a rise of 100 metres to the
fortification, 450 m to the upper emplacements;
duration of excursion: a 90-minute climb to visit
the remains of the stronghold; 3 hours for a visit to
Costa Bortolot, on level ground.
FORCELLA DEI FORTINI
CIMA SAPPADA
SORGENTI DEL PIAVE
CENCENIGHE
(BL)
10 TAGLIATA DI S. MARTINO
Already during the Middle Ages, this rocky, isolated
stronghold − located toward the foot of Sasso di
S. Martino, on the right bank of the Cordevole, and
between the Ponte del Cristo and Ponte della Muda
bridges − was a very important strategic asset for
control over the road between Belluno and Agordo.
AGORDO
36
At the close of the nineteenth century, the site was
systematically laid out with fortifications, based on
inclusion of a “tagliata” (fortification) at road level, a
blockhaus above and a post with hidden casamattas,
or enclosures for artillery, on the summit. Leave
your car at Case Giovannelli, close to the northern
entrance to the Galleria dei Castei tunnel on the
State road between Belluno and Agordo. On foot,
proceed along the old road toward the former Casa
Cantoniera (roadman’s house) at the site of the
“tagliata”. A winding military cartroad (C.A.I., Italian
Alpine Club, and trail mark no. 874) leads us to a
guard emplacement and then three tunnels, followed
by the Pianaz emplacements (1,050 m). This
excursion (3 h 30 m) is not difficult (mainly by mule
track with some diversions, occasionally on steep
slopes covered with damp grass).
BELLUNO
1915 - 1917
Free entry
Municipality:
Rivamonte Agordino
Tel. 0437/69128
Fax: 0437/69143
Comunità Montana
Agordina
Tel.0437.62390
0437.62034
0437.63617 Fax 0437/62043
AGORDO
Fort
1915 - 1917
Free entry
Municipality:
Taibon Agordino
Comune di Taibon Agordino
Tel. 0437.660007
Fax: 0437.661002
Comunità Montana
Agordina
Tel. 0437.62390
0437.62034
0437.63617
Fax 0437.62043
(BL)
12 GALLERIA GOIGINGER AT SASSO DI STRIA
Fort
Location:
Castèi
(BL)
11 BATTERIA LISTOLADE (OR FORTE DI PEDEN)
The galleria Goiginer (Goiginer tunnel) is
located within the area of the Sasso di Stria
open-air museum (Museo all’aperto del
Sasso di Stria). It was named after Field
Marshal Ludwig von Goiginger, commander
of the Pustertal Division. Just beyond
FALZAREGO
Passo Falzarego toward Valparola the
vestiges of warfare lead us on to the slopes
of Sasso di Stria and, just beyond, to the
Selletta Goiginger (Goiginger saddle), where
we find fixed defensive works erected by the
Austrians (note the fine caves, storerooms,
kitchens, and remaining insignia and
graffiti). The tunnel (about 500 metres long)
should be visited during the summer months
since water accumulates here at other times
of the year. Bring a torch.
Of considerable interest are the site’s
armoured emplacements and the traces of
life as it was once lived here (an old stove, a
washing line, the electric wire, the cave for
the generator, and so forth).
Itinerary suitable for all visitors.
Fort
1915 - 1917
Free entry
Municipality:
Cortina d’Ampezzo
Location:
Passo Falzarego
Tel. 0436.2863
www.lagazuoi5torri.dolomiti.org
[email protected]
CORTINA
37
(BL)
13 MONTE RITE FORT
This fort serves as the seat of the
Messner Mountain Museum Dolomites. It
is located on the summit of Monte Rite,
in Cadore, at an altitude of more than
2,100 metres. With its stunning 360°
panoramic views of the Dolomites, this
location was found to be of extraordinary
strategic significance during the Great
War. Hence its complex structure of
military fortifications (battery, barracks,
powder magazine, observation post). The
structures, which had fallen into a state
of disrepair, have now been fully restored;
the project was drawn up by Venice’s
architectural university − Università di
Architettura di Venezia (Iuav).
MONTE RITE
FORNO DI ZOLDO
CIBIANA
Fort
1915 - 1917
Entrance fee
Municipality:
Cibiana di Cadore
Location:
Cima monte Rite
Tel. 0435.890996
Fax. 0435.890997
www.monterite.it
Open: JuneOctober; all-day
opening.
Access: shuttle
services or footpaths
from Passo Cibiana
(the Cibiana pass)
(BL)
14 PIAN DELL’ANTRO FORT
The Pian dell’Antro (Antro plain) fortress
can be easily reached on foot from Venas di
Cadore: a 150-m climb, with the barracks
of S. Anna reached after a climb of about
450 m (duration 90 min). The armoured
installation stands at an altitude of 1,050
CIBIANA
38
m on a splendid balcony looking over
the Pelmo and Antelao mountains. It was
constructed by the Italian Military Engineer
Corps between 1911 and 1914 to prevent
movements of enemy forces from the valle
del Boite (Boite valley) and the Forcella
Cibiana (Cibiana pass). The fortress is made
up of the “opera bassa” (lower works),
functioning in tandem with the “opera
alta” (upper works) on Monte Rite (Mount
Rite) and with the “tagliata” (fortification)
at the ‘chiusa di Venas’ structure, built on
the carriage road below. This (adequately
signposted) site is made up of a complex of
constructions built according to set criteria,
linked by a network of tunnels, posterns and
protected communication trenches.
VENAS DI CADORE
Forte Monte Ricco (953) m. This fortress may
be reached after a pleasant walk in the woods
and along a route practically entirely closed
off from road traffic. The walk is suitable for
all (until the entrance of the fortification),
TAI DI CADORE
including partially disabled persons. BATTERIA
CASTELLO (953 m) (Castello battery):
visitors may take the same route as that for
Forte Monte Ricco. However, they must turn
left at the fork in the woods just below the
defensive works (about 30 minutes from
the centre of Pieve). The battery can also be
reached from the northwest along an uphill
woodland footpath from Roccolo di S. Alipio
(about 20-30 minutes). Wooden bridges have
been installed around the fortifications, also
facilitating the descent to Roccolo. However,
care should be taken at this point, and the
route is not suitable for all visitors. Restoration
work at Forte di M. Ricco is currently in
progress.
PIEVE DI CADORE
Fort
1915 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Pieve di cadore
Comune di
Pieve di Cadore
Tel. 0435-789177
Fax 0437-789101
CALALZO
(BL)
16 COL VIDAL FORT AND ANELLO DEI COLLI
Fort
1915- 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Valle di cadore
Tel. 0435.505420
Fax 0435.519075
(BL)
15 M. RICCO AND BATTERIA CASTELLO FORTS
This fort is located on the Pian dei Buoi plain, on
the itinerary known as “L’anello dei colli” (ring of
hills) (trail mark no. 33, colours white-green). The
site can be reached from Lozzo along the uphill
military road. Parking at Ciareido (250 parking
spaces), Pellegrini (6 spaces) or Casera delle
Armente (30 spaces). During July and August,
traffic is subject to a municipal ruling, with
AURONZO
specific times for the uphill and downhill journeys.
This itinerary takes visitors to the Col Vidal
armoured fortress and to an interesting group of
complementary military bases known as the “Linea
Gialla” (yellow line) above Lozzo di Cadore, at an
altitude of 1800 m, bordering the splendid upland
plain of Pian dei Buoi and lying at the foot of Monte
Ciarido. The installation was built between 1908
and 1915 in order to block Austrian penetration
from the Val Ansiei and Val Comelico valleys. This
upland area, with its centuries of shepherding
traditions, features subsidiary works, and forms a
part of the historic “Anello dei Colli” itinerary along
which information signposts have been provided
by the municipal authority, Comune di Lozzo di
Cadore (also thanks to European funding).
LOZZO
Fort
1915 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Lozzo di cadore
Comune di Lozzo di Cadore
Tel. 0435.76393
Fax 0435.76383
www.antichisentieri.org
PIEVE DI CADORE
39
(BL)
17 M. TUDAIO FORT
The M. Tudaio fortress can be reached via the
military road from Rio Soandre (897 m), of
a length of 8.2 km, with a 1,217-metre climb
(duration: 8-9 h) (Alpine excursion). This structure
was constructed between 1911 and 1915 on the
top of Monte Tudaio (Mount Tudaio) at an altitude
of 2,114 metres. The aim was to supplement the
AURONZO
function of the “opera bassa” (lower works) of Col
Piccolo. This truly fascinating site may be reached
via a truly excellent route the slopes of which were
gouged out of the rock sides with explosives.
The view from the top is truly spectacular, taking
in the Val Ansiei (Ansiei valley) and the Tre Cime
(three peaks) of Lavaredo. The armoured battery,
which was originally fitted with four Armstrong
gun domes (149 A) was destroyed by an Austrian
mine. However, the ground and first floors were
practically untouched (with their corridors, powder
magazine and storerooms carved out of the rock).
The entire complex of fortifications makes up part
of a signposted historical itinerary organised by the
Comune di Vigo (municipality of Vigo) (also thanks
to European funding).
VIGO DI CADORE
Fortress
1915 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Vigo di Cadore
Comune Vigo di Cadore
Tel. 0435.77002
Fax 0435.77002
LORENZAGO
The museum is located at the Serauta
cableway station at an altitude of 2,950
metres, at the edge of a glacier. This is the
highest altitude museum in Europe. The large
windows look over a considerable portion of
the chains of the Dolomites and, beyond the
Dolomites, toward the Swiss and Austrian
Alps. The view is so imposing that one tends to
forget the suffering of the Italians and Austrians
who served at the emplacement at ‘Serauta
forcella V’ (alt. 3,065 m). The pharmacist of
the Marche region, Mario Bartoli, began to
collect material for the museum in 1988, and
his work led to inauguration on 9 June 1990.
The aim of the museum is to commemorate
and honour all who (in the icy weather
conditions of this location and in the darkness
of the tunnels) fought courageously, suffered
and died for their homeland.
PASSO FEDAIA
CANAZEI
40
MALGA CIAPELA
ROCCA
PIETORE
The question of the name of this fortress,
serving as a museum of the “G.G.” (Grande
Guerra, or Great War) is the object of debate
and disagreement among historians and
topographers. The construction work took
ARABBA
(BL)
18 MUSEUM OF THE GREAT WAR AT MARMOLADA
CORTINA
Museum
1914- 1918
Entrance fee
Municipality:
Cortina d’Ampezzo
Location:
Valparola
Open: 15 June30 September, and
throughout the year for
groups (min.15 persons)
(booking required).
Tel: 347.4970781
340.3586791
www.cortinamuseoguerra.it
[email protected]
(BL)
20 MUSEUM OF THE SEVENTH REGIMENT OF ALPINE TROOPS
Free entry
Municipality:
Rocca Pietore
Tel. 0437.522984
Fax 0437.722972
Opening and closing: the
museum can be reached
by cableway from Malga
Ciapela (open when
cableway is operating;
opening and closing
times: 9:30-15:30).
place between 1897 and 1901. This was the
last stronghold of the Habsburg Empire prior to
the descent into the Val Badia valley. This is a
‘Second Generation’ fortification built according
to approaches to military strategies and to
fortification which were soon to change in the
light of the introduction of modern gunnery
and new explosives. It was devastated by
Italian shellfire during the early months of the
war. Major restoration work here has received
the support and funding of the European
Community. The rooms host exhibits gathered
from nearby zones of the front, as well as
testimony from illustrious servicemen such as
the renowned author, Curzio Malaparte.
FALZAREGO
Museum
1915 - 1917
Location:
Serauta - Marmolada
(BL)
19 MUSEUM OF THE 1914-18 GREAT WAR AT TRE SASSI
The museum is currently closed for renovation
work. Opening is planned for 2010 (Sundays,
entrance fee charged). The many exhibits
at the Museo del 7° Alpini (museum of the
seventh regiment of Alpine troops) record the
history of this formation from its origins (in
S.GIUSTINA
FELTRE
1887) to our own era. The exhibits therefore
include documents, arms and memorabilia from
the various zones of action of the Regiment
both in times of war and peace. However, the
museum is mainly given over to the Great
War. Most of the collections date back to this
period, providing a record of the various actions
of the companies and battalions of the 7th
Regiment on the Dolomites, Lagorai, Altopiano
and Massiccio del Grappa front. The recently
founded museum includes the collections of
the historic memorial museum once located in
the Salsa barracks in Belluno. The museum is
managed by the provincial local government
authority, Provincia di Belluno, in collaboration
with chapters of the ANA (Associazione
nazionale alpini) of the Belluno area.
SEDICO
BELLUNO
Museum
1915 -1918
Entrance fee
Municipality:
Sedico
Location:
Villa Patt
Tel.0437.83075
959162
(office hours)
www.belluno.ana.it
[email protected]
No entrance fee charged
for children up to the age of
six; reductions for groups
and for the disabled.
41
(BL)
21 THE SMALL BOSI REFUGE MUSEUM
This small but significant museum
occupies a room at the Rifugio Bosi (Bosi
refuge: alt. 2,325 m). The collection
includes objects, pictures, documents
and photographs, with special attention
paid to the Monte Piana (Mount Piana)
emplacements, which formed an integral
part of the Tre Cime – Misurina sector
(one of the major strategic centres of
wartime operations in the Dolomites).
MISURINA
AURONZO
CARBONIN
Museum
1915 - 1917
Entrance fee
Municipality:
Auronzo di Cadore
Location:
Monte Piana
Tel. 0435.39034
cell. 338.4328242
Open mid-June to
mid-October,
26/12-6/01 and
weekends until Easter:
8.00 – 22.00
[email protected]
Shuttle service:
www.montepiana.com
[email protected]
tel. 338.5282447
336.309730
(BL)
22 THE GREAT WAR ‘15 – ‘18
Thanks to the research so diligently and
patiently conducted by Ottavio Molin both
in Italy and abroad, we have a rare and,
historically speaking, extremely valuable
collection of photographs of the ‘Grande
Guerra’ (Great War). Alongside the
photographs, the museum exhibits include
many other historic items, including the
arms and equipment of these armies,
discovered after painstaking research
in the neighbourhood, which saw bitter
fighting. The museum occupies the third
floor of Palazzo Corte Metto, a property
of the municipality, Comune di Auronzo
di Cadore.
AURONZO
MISURINA
42
PIEVE DI
CADORE
The task of the opposing sides on the
Comelico and Sappada front was to
SAPPADA
maintain their positions, whatever the
cost, while, from time to time, engaging
the enemy in order to relieve other fronts.
This was the situation from the time of the
outbreak of hostilities in the spring of 1915
until the defeat at Caporetto, when the front
receded in the autumn of 1917. Material
testimony of these events (excavations,
tunnels and fortifications) is to be found
here in abundance. The living conditions of
the servicemen were extremely harsh even
in the absence of hostilities.
CIMA SAPPADA
AURONZO
Museum
1915 - 1917
Free entry
Municipality:
Sappada
Location:
Cascatelle
Tel. 0435.469131
Seasonal opening
(summer)
www.ilpiccolomuseodellagrandeguerra.it
COLLINA
(BL)
24 ANGEL OF THE FALLEN (2.300 m)
Museum
1915 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Auronzo di Cadore
Tel. 0435.9321
Opening and closing
times:
from 1 July to 30
September, 16:00-19:00
(booking required for
visits during all other
months)
(BL)
23 THE SMALL MUSEUM OF THE GREAT WAR
This monument can be reached by car from
the Rifugio Auronzo refuge on the toll road
from Misurina, and along the mule track
for the Rifugio Lavaredo (with a brief walk
of about 1 hour). At the Piani di Lavaredo
(Lavaredo plains), just below the “Madonna
MISURINA
della Croda” chapel we find the “Angelo
dei Caduti” (angel of the fallen), a forgotten
work by the sculptor from Ancona, Vittorio
Monelli. Monelli produced this work in 1916
while serving on this front with the Eighth
Regiment of the Rifle Corps (8° Reggimento
del Corpo dei Bersaglieri), the regiment to
which the sculpture is dedicated. We see,
here, a winged “Genio” or spirit brandishing
a great sword and a crown of laurels. At
the foot of this imposing figure is a nest
of serpents, representing the adversities
of warfare. Also featured is the insignia of
the “8° Bersaglieri” and the devices of the
various regiments serving on this stretch
of the front. An inscription dedicated to all
those killed in battle was placed on the rocky
base of the statue.
RIFUGIO AURONZO
Monument
1916
Municipality:
Auronzo di cadore
Location:
Misurina
RIFUGIO LAVAREDO
43
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25 VALFONDA MEMORIAL TABLET (1.500 m)
The “Statale Misurina – Carbonin”
(Misurina – Carbonin State road) leads
to the Ponte della Marogna (Marogna
bridge). Following the stony banks of
the torrent, on the right we find the old
boundary stone. A footpath leads into the
wood where, amid material testimony
of the war, we find this memorial tablet
(uncovered by the Lancedelli family from
Cortina). It bears the date, 31 August 1916.
This was a summer lost to trench warfare
and crushing monotony. The plaque was
once surrounded by a village of huts. Of
the numerous names listed, many are also
to be found at the Sacrario di Pocol (Pocol
memorial). The dedication is to an entire
company belonging to the “Brigata Umbria”
commanded by Major Pio Ivrea of the 53rd
“Vercelli” regiment. The work, by Giuseppe
Pullini, Francesco da Rold and Attilio Murer,
was made possible by the efforts of Capt.
Domenico Grato Civetta (Piedmontese, born
in 1881).
(BL)
27 SALESEI OSSUARY
Monument
1916
Free entry
Municipality:
Auronzo di cadore
Location:
Valfonda
Here lie the remains of 704 men killed in
battle whose identity is known (including
19 Austro-Hungarians) and of 4,705
unknown victims. This memorial (by
architect Giovanni Greppi and sculptor
Giannino Castiglioni) was built in 1938
to replace the old war cemetery in this
area, below Col di Lana. The form of the
memorial seen from above, along the
“strada delle Dolomiti” (Dolomites road)
is that of a great white cross at the head
of which stands an old alpine chapel,
which was at the old cemetery. This
construction (Latin cross plan) consists in
the intersection of parallel masonry-work
embrasures holding the layers of burial
niches closed with slabs of green marble,
with the names and ranks of the fallen.
MISURINA
(BL)
26 PORDOI PASS GERMAN MEMORIAL
The Sacrario Germanico (German
memorial) at the Passo Pordoi (Pordoi
pass) stands at an altitude of 2,239
metres, slightly to the east of the pass
itself, on the “strada delle Dolomiti”
(Dolomites road). There is a convenient
lane by means of which visitors can
reach the memorial on foot in a matter of
minutes. This memorial complex includes
an octagonal tower and a large two-tier
circular base. The central crypt holds the
remains of 454 German servicemen killed
in battle and 8,128 Austro-Hungarians
from various war cemeteries.
Under the external tiers lie 842 fallen
Wehrmacht soldiers of World War II, from
various cemeteries of the province of
Belluno.
(BL)
1917 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Livinallongo del
Col di Lana
This memorial, designed by engineer
Giovanni Raimondi, was built in 1935.
It consists in an imposing tower of
a height of 48 metres resting on a
two-tier base. Here lie 9,707 Italians
killed in battle (4,455 unknown) and
37 Austro-Hungarians. The crypt at the
centre of the tower hosts a monument
to the “Fante morto” (dead infantryman)
and the tombs of Gen. Antonio Cantore
(decorated with gold metal for military
valour) and Capt. Francesco Barbieri.
They died in the Tofane area and at
Costabella, respectively. To the right of the
monumental area is a chapel built in 1916
by the Alpine soldiers of the 5° gruppo
(fifth group), as chapel to the old war
cemetery.
POCOL
CANAZEI
PASSO PORDOI
ARABBA
PASSO FALZAREGO
VAL DI FASSA
44
Open: summer season
28 THE POCOL OSSUARY
Memorial
Open: summer season
Municipality:
Livinallongo del
Col di Lana
PASSO FALZAREGO
ARABBA
AURONZO
1917 - 1918
Free entry
ANDRAZ
PIEVE DI LIVINALLONGO
CARBONIN
Memorial
CORTINA D’AMPEZZO
Memorial
1915 - 1917
Free entry
Municipality:
Cortina d’Ampezzo
Tel. 0436.866251
Opening and closing
times: Wed.-Sun.,
morning: 9:00-12:30
afternoon:
summer, 14:30-18:00
winter, 13:30-17:00
ALLEGHE
45
(BL)
29 “CAMPO DELL’ONORE”
Visitors can reach this (unattended) memorial
by car. It is located at Santo Stefano di
Cadore, next to the non-military cemetery,
and is permanently open. The “Campo
dell’Onore” (field of honour) dates back to
1923. Here lie the bodies (common grave) of
about 1,000 of the fallen during the clashes
on the Dorsale Carnica Occidentale (western
Carnic ridge). The site is dedicated to the
memory of the infantry second lieutenant
Adriano Lobetti Bodoni, a very young
university student (22) who died on 4 August
1915 during one of the tremendous battles at
the Roteck, the Monte Piana (Mount Piana) of
the Tyrolean front. His family made a donation
after the war for the construction of this
memorial, to provide a place of rest also for
these former foes whose bodies were carried
down here (at the insistence and through the
piety of Don Angelo Arnoldo, chaplain of the
Seventh Regiment of the ‘Alpini’). This is the
resting place also of the ‘Alpino sconosciuto’
(unknown alpine soldier) of Popera.
S.STEFANO
COMELICO
Memorial
1915 - 1917
Free entry
Municipality:
Santo Stefano di
Cadore
The Spiz Zuel summit provides a
commanding view of the entire Zoldo valley
and the mountains, Civetta and Pelmo.
The ridge features various defensive
works including artillery emplacements,
communication trenches and blockhaus
units. A particularly noteworthy feature
CADORE
PASSO DURAN
(BL)
30 FORCELLA MOSCHESIN ROAD AND BARRACKS
An audaciously conceived military road led from
Conaggia to the Forcella Moschesin (Moschesin
pass) barracks (1,961 m) and then on to Val
Balanzola (Balanzola valley), and to Forno di
Zoldo. The road takes us to works indicating
the preparations for a war planned for over
a considerable period of time, with solutions
provided for the strategic problem of how to
AGORDO
46
LA VALLE
outflank our Cordevole, Maè and Boite defensive
works. The itinerary can be prolonged toward
Forcella Pongol, Forcella Folega (the Pongol
and Folega passes) and the crest of Monte
Valaraz (the site also of cave mouth artillery
emplacements). Forcella Moschesin (1,961 m)
can be reached from Conaggia (a district of La
Valle Agordina), following C.A.I., Italian Alpine
Club, trail mark no. 542 in the direction of Malga
Foca (the Foca shepherds’ refuge or pasture
land), from the ruins of Malga Caleda Vecchia
(the Caleda Vecchia shepherds’ refuge) on the
Passo Duran (Duran pass) road (C.A.I. trail mark
no. 543), or from Malga di Pramper (Pramper
shepherds’ refuge or pasture land) (trail mark
no. 540). These climbs are fairly tough and
unrelenting, and will require at least 4 hours.
PASSO DURAN
is the system of tunnels (totalling 340
metres), the entrances to which can be
reached easily (at altitudes 1,981 m and
1,977 m).
A leisurely visit to the works here, taking
in all the sights, will require 5/6 hours (be
careful, and bring a torch if you wish to visit
the tunnels). The site can be reached on
foot after leaving your car at the settlement
of Chiesa at Malga Grava (the Grava
shepherds’ refuge or pasture land) (1,627
m, C.A.I., Italian Alpine Club, trail mark
no. 557). A fine military mule track (laid in
1916 and 1917) winds up from here in a
fairly leisurely manner (C.A.I. trail mark no.
584) to Spiz Zuel (2,033 m) or Agnelessa.
CHIESA
Area of interest
1915 - 1917
Free entry
Municipality:
Zoldo Alto
Comune di Zoldo Alto
Tel. 0437-789177
Fax 0437-789101
FORNO DI ZOLDO
(BL)
32 MONTE PUNTA AND COL DE SALERA
Area of interest
1915- 1917
Free entry
Municipalites:
La Valle Agordina
e Forno di Zoldo
Comune di La Valle Agordina
Tel. 0437.62298 - 0437.63896
Fax 0437.62027
Comunità Montana
dell’Agordino
Tel. 0437.62390 - 0437.62034
0437.63617 - Fax 0437.62043
Comune di Forno di Zoldo
Tel. 0437.78144 - 78103
Fax 0437.78341
(BL)
31 SPIZ ZUEL EMPLACEMENTS AND TUNNELS
A relaxing walk along a woodland footpath
takes us to M. Punta (Mount Punta) in
about 3-4 hours, to visit a number of
interesting cave artillery emplacements
(visitors should bring a torch) constructed
FORNO DI ZOLDO
by the architect, Alberto Alpago Novello.
The military road is equally interesting,
with its imposing rubblework and various
trenched lines of defence. On the summit,
we find an observatory, and splendid
views, taking in the surrounding peaks
of the Dolomites and the entire Zoldo
valley. From Casal (a district of Zoldo at
an altitude of 1,050 m) proceed westward
along the road until C.A.I. (Italian Alpine
Club) footpath no. 492 for the climb to Col
de Salera (1,629 m). Here, follow the no.
499 trail mark toward Monte Punta (1,952
m) for the descent to Forzela (1,723 m)
and, from there, to Costa and Brusadaz.
ZOPPE’ DI CADORE
Area of interest
1915 - 1917
Free entry
Municipalites:
Zoldo Alto,
Forno di Zoldo e
Zoppe’ di Cadore
Comune di Zoldo Alto
Tel. 0437.789177
Fax 0437.789101
Comune di Forno di Zoldo
Tel. 0437.78144.78103
Fax 0437.78341
Comune di Zoppe’ di Cadore
Tel. 0437-791000
Fax 0437-791900
47
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33 FORCELLA CIANDOLADA AND BECCO DI CUZZE
The Ciandolada road, an old route linking the
Boite and Maè valleys, was vital for construction
of the so-called ‘Linea Gialla’ (yellow line)
which, proceeding from the Agordino region to
the Carnia region, was planned to enable our
army to put up all-out resistance if the front
receded. Most of the trenched complexes with
cave storeroom (and, originally, protection and
extensive barbed wire fencing) were designed
and constructed between 1916 and 1917 by the
architect from Belluno, Lieutenant Alberto Alpago
Novello. The recommended itinerary starts out
from the Forcella Ciandolada (Ciandolada pass)
road (trail marks no. 478 and no. 456). Leave
your car in the vicinity of the Rifugio Talamini
(Talamini refuge) (1,582 m) and take, first, the
road up to Forcella Cucei (Cucei pass) (1,693 m)
and then the footpath along the Becco di Cuzze
ridge (approx. 1,750 m). A walk along the entire
ridge will take about 4 hours. An easy walk at
first, it then becomes more demanding − with
many ups and downs − until the summit of
Becco di Cuzze.
ZOPPE’ DI CADORE
Area of interest
1915 - 1917
Free entry
Municipality:
Vodo di Cadore
Forcella
Ciandolada
Tel. 0435/489019
Fax 0435/489446
(BL)
34 CRODA DELL’ARGHENA (KATZENLEITNERKOPF, 2.252 m)
From Misurina, Croda dell’Arghena is reached
starting out from the toll booth for the road to
the Tre Cime (three peaks). After a brief stretch
of asphalt road from Malga di Rinbianco (the
Rinbianco shepherds’ refuge or pasture land)
(1,841 m) visitors will find the signposts,
provided along the entire itinerary, by the progetto
Interreg (Inter-regional project) III. This relaxing
walk of about 90 minutes is noteworthy for its
DOBBIACO
48
splendid panoramic views and for its war works.
The history of this mountain is inextricably linked
to controversies surrounding the old boundaries
between Austria and Italy. War memories are
therefore linked to much older, fascinating
adventures, one trace of which is the old, wellpreserved boundary stone dated 1753. At the
‘forcella’ (pass) of the same name we find some
of the most remarkable trench works of the area,
supported by rubblework walls (evident remains
of the protection works are also to be found
here). We also find caves for the artillery, with
fine insignia, small suspension bridges, shelters
and a short tunnel leading into the mountain via
a wooden stairway still intact after nearly one
hundred years of wind, rain and snow. Here is
a world in which, in the shadows of Tre Cime
di Lavaredo, memories of the past − great and
small − vividly present themselves to the eye.
MISURINA
AURONZO
The Valle dell’Acqua (valley of water) is reached
via a footpath branching off after the fifth bend
in the Tre Cime di Lavaredo (three peaks of
Lavaredo) road after Malga di Rinbianco (the
Rinbianco shepherds’ refuge or pasture land).
DOBBIACO
VODO DI CADORE
The start of the footpath is indicated by a red sign
placed there in accordance with the provisions
of progetto Interreg (Inter-regional project) III.
The climb on foot takes about one hour. Valle
dell’Acqua was the site of the GHQ for the entire
war sector of Col di Mezzo and the Piani di
Lavaredo (Lavaredo plains) above, linked to the
valley by well-built, clearly routed mule tracks.
The village is quite unusual. The barracks, the
livestock housing, a warehouse, the water pool,
and a “calchera” (for heating lime) provide clear
indications as to what went on behind the front.
The various structures making up the complex
were used by the “Truppe Alpine” until about thirty
years ago for military exercises. The buildings were
therefore maintained in the good state of repair.
They have been restored after a period of neglect.
MISURINA
1915 - 1917
Free entry
Municipality:
Auronzo di Cadore
This site can be reached on foot in about one
hour from the Rifugio Auronzo (2,330 m).
The walk takes visitors to an area occupied
by a chapel originally dedicated to Our Lady
Help of Christians. Immediately after the
church we find details signposted by progetto
Interreg (Inter-regional project) III for a visit
to the museum, below, in the direction of the
DOBBIACO
1900
Free entry
Municipality:
Auronzo di Cadore
Location: Misurina
(BL)
imposing Angelo dei Caduti (angel of the fallen)
monument and of the vestiges of the nearby
war cemetery wall. The Piani di Lavaredo
(Lavaredo plains) present a salient at “Quota di
guerra 2385” (war altitude 2,385), a modest
summit behind the Rifugio Lavaredo refuge
(this was a wartime observatory for the Italian
artillery). Alpine Troops under Capt. Mazzini
were stationed here (75th Company and 58th
Mountain Battery) also before hostilities were
declared. The site of the barracks, destroyed
by Austrian shellfire on the first day of the
War, is worth also visiting for the remarkable
view of the Tre Cime di Lavaredo (three
peaks of Lavaredo). We find emplacements,
communication and other trenches and an
impressively engineered stairway (with safety
features) gouged out of the rock face, leading
up to the observatory.
MISURINA
Area of interest
AURONZO
36 PIANI DI LAVAREDO (2.300 m)
Area of interest
Location: Misurina
(BL)
35 VALLE DELL’ACQUA
Area of interest
1915 - 1917
Municipality:
Auronzo di Cadore
Location: Misurina
AURONZO
49
(BL)
37 VAL MARZON (1.000 m)
Val Marzon (the Marzon valley) is located not
far after the start of the route from Auronzo to
Misurina. Just after entering the valley, on the
state road, on the other side of a large pile of
gravel forming the riverbank, we find the remains
of the “Fontana degli ufficiali” (officers’ fountain),
in the location called “Ospedaletti” (small
hospitals). The Val Marzon was a key logistical
base for the various Infantry Regiments of the
Brigata “Marche”. It was also a storage area
and an area from which troops were deployed
to the various zones of the front. One could
rest here prior to action. Roads and cableways
linked the locality to the three lofty peaks, Tre
Cime di Lavaredo. So, although not noted for
this function, this valley hosted one of the most
important military locations. Indeed, still today,
along the lower carriage road leading up, we find
emplacements and machine and small gun nests
which indicate that there was, here, a line of
defence to protect the newly constructed citadel.
Cason de La Croséra (1,207 m): in ten minutes
or so, visitors may reach a modest and quite
remarkable war cemetery where, it is said, the
first of the soldiers killed in battle on the Tre Cime
di Lavaredo front were buried on 24 May 1915.
Here, we also find a fine washing trough with
dates and graffiti. The site also hosted a “field
hospital” (Ospedaletto nr. 42).
(BL)
39 MONTE MIARON EMPLACEMENT
Area of interest
1915 - 1917
Free entry
Municipality:
Auronzo di Cadore
Location:
Val Marzon
The enclosure for medium calibre artillery
with shelters nearby was created between
1911 and 1912 by the Italian Engineer Corps
at an altitude of 1,700 m, to the southwest
of Passo della Mauria, for eastward defence
of the Cadore redoubt by contrasting enemy
movements from Carnia. From Passo della
Mauria (Mauria pass), the fine, winding military
road takes us upward for 4 km to the enclosure
for the medium-calibre guns. Round a further
bend we find the “Monte Miaron” barracks.
The panorama is breathtakingly beautiful (the
Marmarole, Tre Cime di Lavaredo, Tudaio,
Terze, Carnia mountains). The function of
the area during the Great War was that of
“appuntamento” (to provide information on the
shellfire from the other batteries of the fortress,
Fortezza Cadore-Maè), hence the telephone
link with the Col Piccolo fortress and the main
installations to the other side of the Piave river.
Area of interest
1915- 1917
Free entry
Municipality:
Lorenzago di
Cadore
Comune di
Lorenzago di Cadore
Tel. 0435.75001
Fax 0435.75329
PASSO MAURIA
AURONZO
MISURINA
LORENZAGO
(BL)
38 COL CIAMPON BASE
The site is located at an easily walkable
distance from Laggio di Cadore, along the fine
military route. This emplacement was a part of
the defences erected immediately after 1866
on all the surrounding hills in order to ensure
control of the Tre Ponti (three bridges) pass.
During the Great War this “punto di appoggio”
(base) was strengthened with covered
“blockhaus” emplacements, gun enclosures,
artillery observation points and hutments
for the 120-man garrison. Thanks to the
progetto Interreg (Inter-regional project), all the
structures have been conserved and the area
has been fully signposted.
AURONZO
50
FORNI DI SOPRA
LAGGIO
Area of interest
1915 - 1917
Free entry
Municipality:
Comune di Vigo
di Cadore
Comune Vigo di Cadore
Tel. 0435.77002
Fax 0435.77002
LORENZAGO
51
Ecomuseum of Piave,
Grappa and Montello
54
55
1
(TV)
VAL DELLE MURE
This valley was one of the most
devastated of the areas of the Grappa
district in 1918. Even today, we see clear
traces of the links to the front line from
behind, along which, within range of
Austro-Hungarian shellfire, Italian supplies
and the wounded were transported at
considerable risk. Make sure you pay
a visit to the “Sentiero delle Meatte”
(Meatte footpath). This military route
was excavated in the rock and takes in a
number of natural bulwarks.
CIMA GRAPPA
(BL)
3 LEONE FORT
Battlefield
1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Crespano del Grappa
Forte Leone (Leone fort) at Cima Campo
and the Cima Lan fortress were built
between 1906 and 1912. Forte Leone
was part of the “Fortezza Brenta-Cismon”
fortification works along the border
between the Kingdom of Italy and the
Austro-Hungarian Empire. Having lost
its defensive function, during the war this
fortification was dismantled (artillery and
machine guns removed). In 1917, during the
retreat following the defeat at Caporetto, a
battle (which delayed the Austro-Hungarian
advance) took place in the environs of
these twin fortifications. The fortress fell
into Austrian hands on 12 November after a
bitter struggle. While the Cima Lan fortress
was more or less totally destroyed by
the fleeing Italians, Forte Leone suffered
considerable damage prior to the Austrian
retreat the following year. Restoration work
has taken place over the last few years,
including the application of safety measures,
and the site is now suitable for visits.
Fort
1915- 1917
Free entry
Municipality:
Arsié
Tel. 0439.59093
0439.59115
Fax 0439.750000
www.forteleone.it
PEDEROBBA
ARSIE’
BASSANO
2
TREVISO
(TV)
MONTE TOMBA
If we are to unravel the key events of
the Great War, the developments at
Monte Tomba (Mount Tomba) must be
understood. As you admire the landscape,
if you look carefully you will notice
many bomb craters and the signs of
trench works. These are the traces of the
developments of 1917, when the Italians
were engaged in a tremendous battle
against the Austrians and Germans. A
key historical figure, German lieutenant,
Erwin Rommel, took the Tomba ridge
in November 1917. However, a month
later, the summit was taken back by the
“Chasseurs des Alpes”.
CISMON
FONZASO
4
(TV)
VITTORIO EMANUELE III TUNNEL
This “galleria”, or tunnel, of a length
of more than 5,000 metres, running
under the peak of Monte Grappa (Mount
Grappa), was completed by the Gavotti
sappers in a matter of months. This
was a formidable fortification which,
with its artillery and machine guns,
was invincible in all theatres of conflict.
Considerable logistics organisation work
saw to the provision of victuals, water and
ammunition to the 1,500 troops serving
at all times in the tunnel, with their 35
cannons and 50 machine guns (cave
mouth emplacements).
Battlefield
1917
Free entry
Municipality:
Cavaso del Tomba
Fort
1917 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Crespano del Grappa
Location: Cima Grappa
Tel. e Fax 0423.544840
Open all year.
CIMA DEL GRAPPA
CIMA GRAPPA
BASSANO
56
PEDEROBBA
TREVISO
BASSANO
PEDEROBBA
57
5
(VE)
GAZZERA FORT
Built between 1886 and 1890, this is
the oldest of the fortresses of the first
barrier for the defence of the “Campo
Trincerato di Mestre” (Mestre entrenched
field). While basically resembling the
Tron and Carpenedo fortifications, this
work is closer to the original “Tunkler”
model projects. Inside, we find fine vaults
linking the various parts of the fortress,
enabling troop mobility under cover at all
times. The spaces were very narrow, and
the long narrow corridors vaguely bring
to mind the interior of a medieval manor
house.
GAZZERA
ASSEGGIANO
MESTRE
6
Between 1907 and 1910 the “Campo
Trincerato di Mestre” (Mestre entrenched
CAMPALTO
58
The location of this fortress is of interest
in its own right. The fortress stands
between the mainland and the lagoon on
an area of about thirty hectares. It was
built on two concentric islands. Work was
started by the Austrians in 1805, to be
completed by the French between 1809
and 1814. This is the oldest and largest of
the 11 fortresses making up the “Campo
Trincerato di Mestre” (Mestre entrenched
field). Between 1848 and 1849, it became
the advanced defence position for the
newly constituted Republic of Venice,
holding out for nearly a year against the
Austrian forces. It now hosts a fine arms
museum.
1915 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Venezia
For group bookings,
every day.
Info: Sig. Graziano Fusati
tel. e fax 041.910021,
cell. 347.1819790
[email protected]
www.fortegazzera.it
MESTRE
(VE)
TESSERA
TRIESTE
8
Free entry
Municipality:
Venezia
Opening and closing times:
Feb-Apr, Fridays and
Saturdays 14:00-18:00;
Sundays 10:00-18:00.
Apr-Oct,
10:00-18:00
(VE)
CARPENEDO FORT
1915 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Venezia
Info: Tel. 338.3422724
393.0401358.
www.fortebazzera.it
www.ccrt.it
1915 - 1918
VENEZIA
Fort
Opening and closing
times:
Apr-Sept 09:00-20:00;
Oct-March 09:00-18:00.
Fort
Info: tel. 041.5319706
fax 041.5311108
[email protected]
SAN GIULIANO
NOALE
field) was provided with a second, outer,
ring of fortresses. The new fortresses
were no longer to include their respective
powder magazines, which were to
be placed in areas at a distance (and
barycentrically, if possible) to serve a
number of fortifications. One was located
at Tessera, and in 1910 the “Polveriera
Bazzera” (Bazzera powder magazine) was
constructed. It is made up of two imposing
reinforced concrete bunkers on an artificial
island protected by earthworks, hiding it
from view from the mainland.
(VE)
MARGHERA FORT
Fort
BAZZERA FORT
MESTRE
7
Built during the 1890’s according to the
model termed “Tunkler” or “Prussiano”,
this structure, with the contemporary
Gazzera and Tron fortresses, makes
up the innermost defensive ring of the
“Campo Trincerato di Mestre” (Mestre
entrenched field), surrounding Forte
Marghera and contributing to the land
defences of the “Piazza di Difesa
Marittima di Venezia” (Venice marine
defence stronghold). Completely
surrounded by an artificial pond, the area
of the fortress comes to a total of 15
hectares. After conversion to deposit use
at the time of the actions of World War
I, plant growth has gradually reclaimed
the entire area. It is now a thriving nature
reserve.
CARPENEDO
MESTRE
TERRAGLIO
Fort
1915 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Venezia
Opening and closing times:
Apr-Oct: Tues-Sun
9:00-13:00; 15:30-sunset
Mon closed.
Nov-Feb:
Wed-Sun
9:00-13:00; 15:00-sunset
Mon and Tues closed.
Info: tel. e fax 041.5352041
fax 041.5311108
[email protected]
59
9
(VE)
AMALFI BATTERY
Construction work on the “Amalfi” battery
began in May 1915. Work continued
until spring 1917. The Batteria Amalfi
CAVALLINO
was one of the most innovative artillery
emplacements. It featured a naval-type
double-cannon turret (360° range) with
tremendous 381-mm cannons capable of
heavy (875-kg) shellfire over a distance
of nearly 20 kilometers. When its big guns
played a significant part in weakening the
last Austro-Hungarian offensive on the
Piave front during the days of the Battaglia
del Solstizio (solstice battle) (June 1918),
even Italy’s foes were impressed by
the new Amalfi battery’s precision and
efficiency.
Fort
1915 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Cavallino Treporti
SAN GIOVANNI
AI COLLI ALTI
VENEZIA
BASSANO
(VI)
10 MUSEUM OF THE ITALIAN ALPINE TROOPS
On the western side of the bridge, Ponte
Vecchio, the Taverna degli Alpini hosts the
local chapter of the association of Italian
alpine troops, A.N.A. On the lower floor we
find a museum with a small but significant
collection of exhibits relating to the history of
the “Alpini” alpine troops. Various objects are
on display: memorabilia, newspapers of that
period, flags, uniforms and other items, kindly
donated by members and many other citizens.
The museum first opened in 1948, on the
occasion of the first gathering of Alpini after
World War II. Over the years, the museum has
been constantly looked after and reorganised.
It has recently been refurbished.
A particularly important exhibit is the
reconstruction of a trench with original
materials from Grappa, the Tofane heights and
the heights of the Dolomites, where military
actions took place.
BASSANO DEL GRAPPA
MAROSTICA
60
The hotel, Albergo San Giovanni, hosts a
small war museum dedicated to the war
history researcher, Roberto Favero.
The museum houses many relics of the
final decisive local conflicts. The relics still
regularly, and in considerable quantities,
emerge from the earth.
Exhibits include uniforms, military and
medical items, personal possessions
(e.g. mess-tins, canteens, inkpots, pens,
cigarette lighters, cigarette cases, small
medals, combs, brushes and shaving
brushes) and considerable quantities of
ammunition.
TREPORTI
JESOLO
MONTEBELLUNA
Museum
1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Solagna
Location:
San Giovanni ai Colli Alti
Albergo San Giovanni
Tel. 0424.556008
Opening and closing
times: 8.00 a.m. until
bar closes.
Closed Tuesdays except
during summer season.
www.collialti.it
CIMA GRAPPA
(TV)
12 MILAN BARRACKS MUSEUM
Museum
1915 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Bassano del Grappa
Tel. 0424.503662
Opening and closing
times:
Daily (closed
Mondays),
9:00-20:00
(VI)
11 MUSEUM AT SAN GIOVANNI AI COLLI ALTI
The main block of the structure that,
during the war, was the “Caserma
Milano” (Milan barracks) now hosts an
interesting, well-organised museum with
a large collection of items recovered from
the Grappa massif.
Material of interest has also been donated
by private persons.
A series of panels gives a clear account
of the main wartime events involving
the Grappa massif and offshoots, on
the basis of which visitors will have the
information they need for a profitable visit
to the nearby “Galleria Vittorio Emanuele
III” (Vittorio Emanuele III tunnel) and the
monumental Ossario del Grappa (Grappa
ossuary).
Museum
1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Crespano del Grappa
Location: Cima Grappa
Tel. and fax
0423.544840
Open year round.
CIMA DEL GRAPPA
BASSANO
PEDEROBBA
61
(TV)
13 MUSEUM OF THE GREAT WAR ON THE GRAPPA MASSIF
The museum is situated on the second
floor of the Palazzo Reale at Crespano del
Grappa. It hosts more than a thousand
duly catalogued exhibits (donated by Mr
BORSO
Bruno Xamin to the municipality, Comune
di Crespano) in showcases placed in
three rooms.
The three rooms present various ‘themes’
(“il rancio”, or meal, or mess, “l’ospedale
da campo”, or field hospital, “tempo
libero”, free time, and “la trincea”, the
trench).
Each theme is illustrated and dealt with
in depth with panels and photographs
reproducing significant moments in the
Great War relating to the Massiccio del
Grappa (Grappa massif).
CRESPANO
POSSAGNO
BASSANO
PEDEROBBA
1915 - 1917
Free entry
Municipality:
Crespano del Grappa
(BL)
14 CIVIC HISTORICAL AND TERRITORIAL MUSEUM
The museum was founded in 1983 by
a veterans’ association, “Associazione
ex Combattenti”. It was acquired by the
QUERO
FELTRE
62
municipality, Comune di Alano di Piave,
in 2000. There are five exhibition halls
providing a historical account of a number
of events of World War I. The spaces
are ‘theme’ based. We find a large scale
model of the area in which the fighting
took place between the slopes of Monte
Grappa (Mount Grappa) and the areas
neighbouring the River Piave. We also
find a number of instruments which were
essential for opening up the communication
routes and which were used for territorial
defence systems. A considerable amount
of exhibition space has been given over to
devices used in trenches.
ALANO
TREVISO
The museum displays photographic testimony
(held by the State archives and War Museum
in Vienna) relating to the municipalities of the
Grappa district, gathered by the photographers
of the Austro-Hungarian forces during the year
of the invasion (1917-1918). Also on display
are various items such as shells (Italian and
Austro-Hungarian), propaganda leaflets, official
maps, passports and other official documents,
fuses and primers, and personal possessions
found in the trenches. The arrangement is
‘theme’ based: the invasion, Feltre and the
district of Feltre, war works, the war, people
and places, and health care during the war.
Museum
Tel. 0423.538516
Biblioteca Comunale
(municipal library)
Opening and closing
times: Thursdays and
Fridays,16:00-19:00;
booking required
for other days.
Museum
1915 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Seren del Grappa
Comune Seren del Grappa
Tel. 0439.44013
0439.394301
Fax 0439.394147
SEREN DEL GRAPPA
FONZASO
FELTRE
(BL)
16 MUSEUM OF THE RIVER PIAVE
Museum
1915 - 1918
Entrance fee
Municipality:
Alano di Piave
Location: Campo
Tel. 0439.779748
For visit with guide:
0423.86232
0439.779997
Groups half-price
Opening and closing
times:
Sundays, 15:00-19:00
(BL)
15 PHOTOGRAPHIC MUSEUM OF THE GREAT WAR
This is an ‘open-ended’, constantly
expanding museum. It is provided with
the testimony and objects of people
ALANO
TREVISO
directly or indirectly involved in the event,
and it depends also on the efforts of
others who have a particular interest
in this particular moment in history. It
was decided to ‘liven up’ the exhibits
by reconstructing scenes − platforms
conveying the experiences of various
moments in the lives of soldiers, from the
trench to the field infirmary. The visitor
will feel she/she really is in the front line, a
part of events of the year 1917, between
the River Piave and Monte Grappa (Mount
Grappa). Five multimedia simulated flight
stations have recently been installed.
QUERO
CAORERA
FELTRE
Museum
1915 - 1918
Entrance fee
Municipality: Vas
Location: Caorera
Tel. 0439.787060
[email protected]
www.museodelpiave.it
Opening and closing times:
Saturday:
15:00-18:00
Sunday:
9:00 -12:00
and 15:00-18:00
63
(TV)
17 THE FONTIGO MIDDLE PIAVE MUSEUM
The museum − hosted by the “Centro di
Educazione Ambientale “Media Piave””
(middle Piave environmental education
centre) − provides interesting
documentation on the Great War, with
particular reference to the Piave area. It
was made possible by the contributions
of former “recuperanti” (scrap collectors,
or ‘scrappers’, who recovered ‘noble’
materials such as lead, brass and copper
from the battlefields after the war) and by
constant observation of, and searches
along, the banks of the Piave river. These
findings provide an account of the major
phases of fighting along the river.
Museum
1915 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Sernaglia della
Battaglia
Location: Fontigo
Tel. 0438.966356
VIDOR
FONTIGO
SPRESIANO
PIEVE
DI SOLIGO
VITTORIO VENETO
BELLUNO
64
commemorating the Battle of Vittorio
Veneto.
The museum’s numerous exhibits include
arms, memorabilia, maps, scale models
and photographs (belonging to the large
collection donated by Luigi Marson, a
veteran grenadier from Vittorio Veneto).
Visitors to the museum will feel they have
entered a time loop, landing up on the date
24 October 1918, at the start of the final
offensive against the Austro-Hungarian
forces, or 31 October, when the VIII Corpo
d’Armata (VIII Corps) liberated Vittorio
Veneto within days of the armistice.
CONEGLIANO
TREVISO
River Piave. The British Expeditionary
Force played a decisive part in actions
during the crucial stages of the final battle,
known as “Battaglia di Vittorio Veneto”
(battle of Vittorio Veneto). The museum at
Maserada houses an interesting collection
of findings that turned up in the river.
The collection focuses on the history of,
and material relating to, the taking of the
river positions by the British troops of the
Seventh Division. We also find AustroHungarian and Italian military material of
considerable interest.
MASERADA
CONEGLIANO
(TV)
18 MUSEUM OF THE BATTLE OF VITTORIO VENETO
Since 1938, the Loggia del Cenedese,
by the architect, Sansovino (sixteenth
century), has hosted the museum
Military units from nations allied with
Italy were also in operation along the
SERNAGLIA
DELLA BATTAGLIA
MORIAGO
VARAGO
TREVISO
Museum
1915 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Maserada sul Piave
Tel. 0422.878415
Open: Tuesdays
and Thursdays,
15:00-18:30.
For other special
opening times tel. 0422
778760 - 3401486936
E-mail: mongolfiera.
[email protected]
(VE)
20 MUSEUM OF RECLAMATION - SAN DONA’
Museum
1918
Entrance fee
Municipality:
Vittorio Veneto
Tel. 0438.57695
Opening and closing
times (summer):
10:00-12:30
15:30-19:00.
(winter):
9:30-12:30
14:00-17:00.
Closed Mondays.
(TV)
1 HISTORICAL MUSEUM OF THE GREAT WAR
19
The war section of the museum dedicated
NOVENTA
TREVISO
to land reclamation, “Museo della
Bonifica”, hosts various relics of the war
gathered during campaigns conducted
from time to time in the area of San Donà.
The showcases contain arms and various
objects which were part of the day-today lives of the troops in the trenches.
One section of the hall is dedicated to the
heroes of San Donà, and in particular to
Giannino Ancillotto. We also find many
photographs of the period, detailing the
destruction of the city by bombing.
A room has recently been added, dedicated
to World War II and to the struggle for
liberation (Lotta di Liberazione).
SAN DONA’
CAORLE
Museum
1915 - 1918
Entrance fee
Municipality:
San Donà di Piave
Opening and closing times:
Tuesday to Friday 8:00-12:30 (for
school parties); for general public,
15:00-18:00 (16:00-19:00 in July
and August). Saturday 9:00-12:00
(for school parties); for general
public, 15:00-18:00 (16:00-19:00 in
July and August). Sunday, national
holidays etc.: 9:00-12:00 Closed:
Mondays, Christmas, Easter, 1
May, 1-15 August.
Tel. 0421-42047 - Fax. 0421-41334
www.museobonifica.sandonadipiave.net
65
(VE)
21 HISTORICAL NAVAL MUSEUM
The Museo Storico Navale (historical
naval museum) is housed in one of
the old sixteenth-century “Granai”, or
grain storehouses, at the Arsenale.
The museum hosts memorabilia taking
us back to the times of the Republic
of Venice. These extraordinary items
include adornments for the lights of
galleys, perfect reproductions of Venetian
ships, nautical instruments, portolans,
standards, uniforms, paintings and the
gunnery of the “Serenissima”, or Most
Serene Republic of Venice. Of the thirty
rooms, a number are dedicated to the
actions, personages, ships and equipment
of the Italian naval forces (Marina Militare
italiana) from 1961 to the present day.
The Arsenale hosts old boats (including
lagoon boats and a World War II motor
torpedo boat).
MUSEO NAVALE
SAN MARCO
GIARDINI
Museum
1915 - 1918
Entrance fee
Municipality:
Venezia
Tel. 041 5200276
Opening and closing
times:
Mon.-Fri.
8:45-15:30
Sat.
8:45-13:00
Closed:
Sundays, feast days and
national holidays etc.
(VI)
22 ROMAN COLUMN AT COL MOSCHIN
This sector of the Grappa massif was
extremely important, during the Great War.
The Italians defended the sector with great
tenacity, as a strongpoint for the defence of
the southern slopes of the massif and all the
areas behind the front, greatly threatened by
the Austrians.
During the summer of 1918, under General
Scheuschenstuel, the Austro-Hungarians tried
to break the Italian resistance at Grappa in
order to penetrate the Brenta and Piave valleys.
The summits to the west (Col Moschin, Col del
Miglio, Col Fenilon and Col Fagheron) fell into
Austrian hands, and the Austrians would have
been able to enter the plains of Venetia had it
not been for the Italian counteroffensive (as a
result of which the positions were taken back
very soon after their loss).
To the north of the city, in the Conca d’Oro
(golden basin) of Prato Santa Caterina (St
Catherine’s field), we find a park dedicated
to the memory of the “Ragazzi del ’99”
(boys of ’99) − the last class of conscripts
MAROSTICA
Monument
1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Bassano del Grappa
Location:
Prato Santa Caterina
MONTEBELLUNA
(TV)
24 ISLAND OF THE DEAD
Monument
1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Solagna
Location:
Col Moschin
The “Isola dei Morti” (island of the dead)
is the main place of commemoration of
MORIAGO
VIDOR
66
of the Great War: 300,000 eighteen
year-olds sent to the front to fight and
to die together. The monument is by the
sculptors, Alberto Sparapani and Danilo
Andreose. The work features a statue
more than 3 metres tall on the stone base,
and a votive sacellum. The statue is of an
infantryman facing Grappa. The bas-reliefs
reproduce the most important events of
1918. A bronze map indicates the main
sites involved in the war. The crypt holds
the banners of the chapters of the national
“Ragazzi del ’99” association, which − as
time goes by − close one after the other.
BASSANO DEL GRAPPA
COL MOSCHIN
BASSANO
(VI)
23 BOYS OF ’99 PARK
the “Arditi” (shock troops), who, in October
1918, successfully broke through the Austrian
lines along the River Piave. This site (named,
clearly, after the vast number of corpses found
here) is now also known as “Isola Verde”
(green island), since we find here a fine,
thriving park. A cool, tree-shaded walk takes
us to an open space called “Ragazzi del ’99”
(boys of ’99), where the main monuments and
memorials are to be found. Among these are
the Piramide (pyramid) and the Tempio Votivo
“Madonnina del Piave” (chapel to Our Lady
of the Piave), commemorating the sacrifice of
the Caduti sul Piave (fallen at the Piave).
Monument
1917 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Moriago della
Battaglia
SERNAGLIA
DELLA BATTAGLIA
PIEVE
DI SOLIGO
CIMA GRAPPA
67
(TV)
25 FRANCESCO BARACCA CHAPEL
On the southern slope of Montello, a
funereal niche surrounded by cypresses
indicates the place where the aeroplane
of the heroic Cavalry Major, Francesco
Baracca, was shot down (during the
afternoon of 19 June 1918) while
swooping down to spray the enemy
with machine-gun fire and thus provide
support to the infantry, during the closing
stage of the Battaglia del Solstizio (battle
of the solstice).
Baracca, a flying ace of what would
become the Italian air force (Aeronautica
Militare Italiana) is considered by all,
nowadays, the most notable Italian fighter
pilot of World War I.
(VE)
27 HEMINGWAY MONUMENT
Monument
1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Nervesa della Battaglia
On the banks of the Piave, near a still
functioning pontoon bridge, a tablet is
dedicated to the wounding of Ernest
Hemingway. The great American writer
was struck by shrapnel on 8 July 1918.
At the time, he was a volunteer for the
ARC (American Red Cross) providing
aid to the Italian medical corps on the
front between Fagarè and San Donà di
Piave. The writer’s name is associated
with many locations, frequently referred
to in his books and accounts of wartime
developments, seen from the military
viewpoint and according to his own
personal experiences.
Monument
1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Fossalta di Piave
OSSARIO
ZENSON DI PIAVE
NERVESA
DELLA BATTAGLIA
GIAVERA
DEL MONTELLO
TREVISO
(TV)
26 PONTOON
This historic relic, a pontoon, provides
us with a clear idea of how bridges were
installed for wartime use. Given the
urgent need to construct passages across
the Piave, while bearing in mind the
vulnerability of the structures in question
(since they were constantly under fire),
the solutions provided had to be promptly
and rapidly implemented. This anchored
load-bearing floating pontoon for solely
military use was adopted by the Genio
Pontieri (pontonier, or bridge-building,
corps).
68
MUSILE
SAN DONA’ DI PIAVE
(VI)
28 TEMPLE AND OSSUARY AT BASSANO
Monument
1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Nervesa della Battaglia
Overlooking the square (dedicated to
General Luigi Cadorna) is an imposing
neo-Gothic red-brick structure with two
bell towers of a height of sixty metres
NERVESA
DELLA BATTAGLIA
MONTEBELLUNA
FOSSALTA
and a façade adorned with pinnacles. The
design for this place of worship dates
back to 1908, and indeed this was to be
Bassano del Grappa’s new cathedral.
It was modified after World War I to
accommodate the remains of the soldiers
killed in battle provisionally assigned to the
cemeteries at the foot of Monte Grappa.
Entombed within the church are 6,000 men
(236 decorated). The funeral of General
Gaetano Giardino was celebrated here in
August 1936, after which the general was
entombed at the Grappa memorial, “among
his soldiers”, as was his desire.
Memorial
1915 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Bassano del Grappa
BASSANO DEL GRAPPA
PONTE DELLA PRIULA
MAROSTICA
MONTEBELLUNA
69
(TV)
29 CIMA GRAPPA WAR MEMORIAL
This memorial hosts the mortal remains of
more than 12,500 Italians killed in battle.
The loculi were placed in the walls of a
construction that resembles a gigantic
fortress (the material used is stone from
Grappa). Among the many tombs, we may
note in particular that of the Maresciallo
d’Italia General Giardino, commander of the
Armata del Grappa (Grappa army). A wing
of the memorial houses the remains of more
than 10,000 Austro-Hungarian soldiers
(mainly unknown). Among these fallen we
also find, curiously enough, a Czech soldier
whose name was Peter Pan. Broad steps
lead away from the Italian memorial to the
chapel in honour of Our Lady of Grappa.
Departing from the chapel is the “Via Eroica”
(heroes’ way) leading to the “Portale di
Roma” (Roman portal), which is the first
monumental entrance to the memorial.
CIMA DEL GRAPPA
PEDEROBBA
BASSANO
Memorial
1917 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Crespano del Grappa
Tel. 0423.544840.
Opening and closing
times:
9:00-12:00;
13:30-16:00
from 1/10 to 15/5;
9:00-12:00;
13:30-18:00
from 16/5 to 30/9.
(TV)
30 FRENCH WAR MEMORIAL
This memorial was built to celebrate the
fraternal bonds between the armed forces
of Italy and France, as emblematically
expressed in the monument before it: two
imposing personifications of the two nations
with, lying on their knees, one of the French
soldiers killed in battle. Between 1917 and
1918, the support of the French contingent
(totalling about 130,000 men) was decisive
for the Italian forces and for the final outcome
of the struggle. Today, this imposing
memorial − so similar in appearance to a
surreal rock face − contains the remains of
more than 1,000 soldiers killed in battle.
The district of Feltre hosts four war
cemeteries (three at Feltre and one
at Quero). At Feltre we find: an Italian
ossuary, maintained by Onorcaduti
(honour the fallen), an Austro-Hungarian
ossuary also maintained by Onorcaduti
(in collaboration, here, with the Austrian
Schwarzes Kreuz), and a mixed
cemetery at San Paolo (together with
the Quero mausoleum, supervised
by the German Volksbund Deutsche
Kriegsgräberfürsorge).
In detail, we have: – the “deutschen
Soldatenfriedhof” (German war cemetery)
at San Paolo, with its 271 crosses marking
the presence of each of the Bavarian
Alpenkorps soldiers killed between
November 1917 and the first fifteen days
of 1918. The cemetery was inaugurated,
TREVISO
70
Memorial
1917 - 1918
Free entry
Municipalities:
Feltre e Quero
BELLUNO
(BL)
32 GERMAN CEMETERY AT QUERO
Memorial
1917 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Pederobba
PEDEROBBA
ALANO DI PIAVE
FELTRE
in the form we see today, on 25 May
1939; – the Austro-Hungarian ossuary
in Feltre’s city cemetery, with its 3,550
fallen; – the Italian ossuary, with its 1,072
identified fallen and 370 unknown fallen; –
the war cemetery at Quero, inaugurated on
the same day as the San Paolo cemetery
at Feltre, with its 229 German fallen
and 3,232 Austro-Hungarian fallen. The
work was designed by architect Robert
Tischler, commissioned by the Volksbund.
It was built between 1936 and 1939.
This work by Tischler is of fundamental
historical importance as an architectural
project because it embodies the concept
of the Totenburg (fortress, or castle, of
the dead). As a solution, the Totenburg
became the model adopted for war
cemetery designs during the nazi era.
FELTRE
The Quero memorial site, which can also
be seen from a fair distance, is located at
TREVISO
(BL)
31 WAR CEMETERIES IN THE FELTRE DISTRICT
TREVISO
Col Maor, above the valle del Piave (Piave
valley). Over a period of three years,
following the bilateral agreement reached
between Germany and Italy on 2 June
1936, the Volksbund constructed the war
cemetery at Quero, which was inaugurated
on 25 May 1939.
The Quero cemetery houses 3,465 of the
fallen in World War I from the German and
Austrian armies.
The hall commemorating the fallen is
located in a tower.
The hall is, relatively speaking, well lit and
is dominated by a block of black rock (an
adorned Swedish granite pulpit).
Memorial
1917 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Quero
Opening and closing:
Summer season
QUERO
FELTRE
71
(TV)
33 BRITISH CEMETERY AT GIAVERA
This is a typically British war cemetery.
Movingly, each gravestone bears a name
and tender words provided by family
members or relatives. The British, with
their XIV Corps, made up of the 23rd and
41st Divisions, joined the Italians on 4
December 1917. They were active on
the Montello front and provided decisive
support to the Italians’ ability to resist,
and to the final Italian victory.
Memorial
1917 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Giavera del Montello
This monument contains the remains of 5,191
known and 5,350 unknown soldiers.
Among the fallen, here, we find Lieut. Col. E.
Paselli and Major F. Mignone, both of whom
GIAVERA
BAVARIA
SOVILLA
34
BAVARIA
GIAVERA
72
PONTE DI PIAVE
(TV)
entire north-eastern side of Montello.
This square-plan structure, with its
symmetrically arranged sides, is derived
from Roman architectural models. The
belvedere of the front faces what was
once the theatre of the tremendous
Battaglia del Solstizio (battle of the
solstice). The interior of this building
(which currently houses the remains of
more than 9,000 soldiers killed in battle)
is markedly monumental and imposing
in style.
SOVILLA
NERVESA
DELLA BATTAGLIA
1917 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
San Biagio di
Callalta
Tel. 0422.790395
Opening and closing
times:
9:00-12:00;
14:00-16:00;
Every day, Mondays
excluded.
(VI)
36 TRENCH AT COLLI ALTI
Memorial
1917 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Nervesa della Battaglia
Tel. 0422.779996
Opening and closing
times:
9:00-17:00
(from 1/5 to 30/9)
9:00-18:00
(from 1/10 to 30/4)
Memorial
ODERZO
TREVISO
WAR MEMORIAL AT NERVESA
With its gigantic ‘keep’ open to the skies,
this Italian war memorial dominates the
were decorated with a gold medal.
Also entombed here is Lieut. Edward McKey, an
American Red Cross officer and personal friend
of the writer, Ernest Hemingway. Hemingway
wrote a poem in memory of McKey, which
visitors will find in the monument’s central
chapel. The memorial garden hosts fragments
of a wall on which, during the Battaglia del
Solstizio (battle of the solstice) (15-24 June
1918), persons unknown wrote two well-known
sayings: “E’ meglio vivere un giorno da leone
che cent’anni da pecora” (better to live one day
as a lion than one hundred years as a sheep)
and “Tutti eroi. O il Piave o tutti accoppati” (We
are heroes all. Either the Piave or death to us all).
SAN BIAGIO DI CALLALTA
NERVESA
DELLA BATTAGLIA
MONTEBELLUNA
(TV)
35 WAR MEMORIAL AT FAGARE’
The trenches were not at all neatly laid
out since they followed the features of the
terrain. Outcrops served as positions for
machine gun nests or for small mortars.
The trenches were wide enough for only
one fully armed soldier to pass at a time.
However, every 20 to 30 metres, we find
‘niches’ which soldiers would back into
when others carried the wounded away.
Barbed wire barriers were placed a few
dozen yards away from the trenches. The
trench at San Giovanni ai Colli Alti was
dug out of “biancone” (white) limestone.
Surrounded by woodland, it has been
restored. The signposts with their panels
provide information on the function of the
trench and the conditions of life of the
soldiers who served here.
Area of interest
1917 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Solagna
Location:
Finestron
Tel. 0424.556008
www.collialti.it
SAN GIOVANNI
AI COLLI ALTI
BASSANO
CIMA GRAPPA
73
(TV)
37 BASSANO REFUGE
Reconstructed in 1935, the refuge was
originally located where the memorial
stands today. The refuge provides an
outstanding viewpoint, with a magnificent
view, that allows us to reconstruct the
military operations and battles of Grappa.
To the west, at a slightly lower altitude,
we find the “Caserma Milano” (Milan
barracks, now a museum) and the
“Galleria Vittorio Emanuele III” tunnel, a
veritable underground fortress (not yet
open to the public). The refuge provides
a number of services nowadays and also
hosts a display of photographs that evoke
wartime developments at Grappa.
CIMA DEL GRAPPA
1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Crespano del Grappa
Tel. 0423.53101
Open year round.
Closed Tuesdays
during winter season.
Please telephone
if planning a visit.
In September 1916, Cadorna, on a visit to
the Altipiani (uplands) front, while admiring
the view toward Grappa, declared that, in his
opinion “if the worst comes to the worst”,
Grappa, Tomba, Monfenera and Montello
CIMA GRAPPA
(BL)
74
Free entry
Municipality:
Crespano del Grappa
(TV)
40 MONTE PALON
Monte Palon (Mount Palon) hosted many
Italian batteries, placed between it and
Bocca di Forca. The idea was to defend
the entire eastern wing of the “Settore del
Grappa” (Grappa sector). The remains of
hutments and caves are still to be found
here today, alongside, more importantly,
trench works constructed by the infantry
(mainly farming people). On the open
space surmounting Monte Palon we find
a large wooden cross commemorating
the sacrifices and the valour of all who
fought here.
Area of interest
1917 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Seren del Grappa
Location: Forcelletto
Bocchette Cima Grappa
Comune Seren del Grappa
Tel. 0439.44013
0439.394301
Fax 0439.394147
BASSANO
CIMA GRAPPA
1918
TREVISO
CIMA GRAPPA
BASSANO
Area of interest
PEDEROBBA
VAL DI MURE
BASSANO
38 CADORNA MULE TRACK
would become vitally important. He had, in
fact, ordered fortifications to be built on the
Massiccio (massif). The tactical plan for, in the
eventuality, defence of the Grappa massif at all
costs, foresaw a ring of mule tracks around the
northern portion of Grappa: Cima Grappa – M.
Pertica – Forcelletto – Bocchette – Tasson –
Cima Grappa. Along the ring route we find
many entrances to tunnels and shelters, with
artillery emplacements and cisterns for water
distribution (many of these cisterns have been
cleaned up). The Grappa nature itinerary largely
retraces this mule track ‘ring’. Also well worth
a visit are the nearby trench works between
Croce dei Lebi and M. Casonét.
During the war, cableways constituted
a vital means of transport for victuals,
arms, ammunition and persons. Given
the fact that cableway transport was still
a new concept in 1914, this installation
represented an enormous technological
innovation. At the site, we see the remains
of a driving motor for the way between the
valle di San Liberale (San Liberale valley),
below, and Grappa.
Area of interest
PEDEROBBA
BASSANO
(TV)
39 THE BOCCAOR CABLEWAY
M.TE TOMBA
Area of interest
1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Possagno
PEDEROBBA
TREVISO
SEREN DEL GRAPPA
75
(TV)
41 GALLERY OF PLASTER CASTS OF THE WORKS OF CANOVA
The destruction of the gallery of plaster
casts of the works of Canova is most
CRESPANO
surely a highly noteworthy instance of the
devastation of the Great War. Here, we
now find a splendid permanent exhibition
called ‘Arte Ferita’ (wounded art), which
evokes the tragedy of the bombing and
shelling of Possagno.
The action started slowly, but was
unceasing and precise. While one of the
major explosions was just before the
“Tempio” (temple), the structure was,
miraculously, unharmed.
The collection of plaster casts was not so
lucky, as we see in this detailed record of
events.
POSSAGNO
1917 - 1918
Entrance fee
Municipality:
Cavaso del Tomba
FELTRE
(TV)
42 FORCELLA MOSTACIN
MONFUMO
ASOLO
76
Area of interest
1917
Free entry
Municipality:
Cornuda
Tel. 0423.83462
CORNUDA
TREVISO
The highest points of the hills of the area
of Asolo provided ideal observation posts.
The brutality of World War I meant no
locations whatsoever were safe from
harm, including places of worship,
PEDEROBBA
BASSANO
such as churches and sanctuaries. The
“Chiesa della Rocca” (castle church),
known as the “Santuario della Madonna
della Rocca” (Sanctuary of Our Lady of
the Castle) because it was built upon
the remains of the medieval castle,
was repeatedly shelled by the AustroHungarians during the Great War. This
was due to the strategic significance
of this location, since it was used by
the Italians as a military observation
point. The Austro-Hungarians shelled it
constantly between November 1917 and
the Piave offensive, damaging it in various
parts.
Area of interest
Tel. 0423.544323
(TV)
43 ROCCA DI CORNUDA
From these locations, the Italians could
monitor and study the positions of the
Austro-Hungarians along the Piave river
between the Fener bridge and Nervesa
della Battaglia. The French artillery was
also able to shell Monte Tomba (Mount
Tomba), Quartier del Piave and Montello.
A walk through the Forcella Mostacin
(Mostacin pass) is enough for us to
appreciate, even today, the strategic
importance of this route, which was the
only one available for transiting guns and
ammunition.
TREVISO
(TV)
44 SANTA BONA ABBEY
This Benedictine abbey was founded
during the early years of the twelfth
century to house the relics of St Bonne
(Santa Bona). The abbey complex, with its
church, cloister, housing and large garden,
is surrounded by a wall.
The site was shelled by the Italians and
allies during the Great War, as was the
entire Quartiere del Piave area. Since
they stood so close to one of the historic
bridges over the Piave, the abbey and the
Vidor settlement as a whole came in for
particularly severe punishment.
Area of interest
1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Maser
MASER
Area of interest
1918
(abbey interior not
open to the public)
Municipality:
Vidor
VIDOR
CORNUDA
VALDOBBIADENE
PIEVE
DI SOLIGO
77
(TV)
45 THE KING’S OBSERVATION POINT
One of the main observation points
at Montello that must be considered
was the king’s observation point, so
named because Vittorio Emanuele III,
unobserved, would follow developments
through the long slits or embrasures of
this installation (as indicated by a plaque
placed on the wall). Below the country
house standing on the site today, we find
a narrow cement underground passage
(perfectly conserved) which leads to what
was considered the ideal observation
point covering the entire field of action.
(TV)
47 SAN SALVATORE CASTLE
Area of interest
1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Ciano del Montello
The role of the citadel of San Salvatore
was that of monitoring crossings of the
Piave river at Colfosco.
Given its strategic position, the castle
(which was also shelled from the Italian
front) was an observation point for the
Austro-Hungarians who, in part, built
fortifications here.
Pieces of ordnance were placed in the
caves excavated on the eastern side of
the complex. While partly restored, the
castle still bears evident scars dating back
to the war.
Guided visits are available (book ahead).
PRESA XV
(TV)
46 SANT’EUSTACHIO ABBEY
Silence and imagination may come to
the aid of visitors who, while perceiving
(booking required for visits)
Municipality:
Susegana
Tel. 0438.738241
Opening and closing
times:
9:30-11:00.
CONEGLIANO
PONTE DELLA PRIULA
the events emotionally, wish to arrive
at a better understanding of the tragic
developments of the Great War. Indeed,
the scars of the war evident at a number
of sites provide stimuli to move in this
direction, as is so dramatically the case
when we view the strikingly beautiful, bare
walls of the Abbazia di Sant’Eustachio
(Abbey of St Eustace) emerging from the
green vegetation.
The strategic importance of its location
sealed the abbey’s fate: it was to be
shelled and razed by both German and
Italian gunnery.
1918
SUSEGANA
NERVESA
DELLA BATTAGLIA
CROCETTA
DEL MONTELLO
Area of interest
Area of interest
1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Nervesa della Battaglia
Tel. 0422.773360
Biblioteca Comunale
(municipal library)
(TV)
48 ROAD OF THE HUNDRED DAYS
The road leading from the Treviso piedmont
area to the val Belluna valley was baptised
“Strada dei 100 giorni” (road of the hundred
days) because the Austrian sappers laid it
between 1 February and 1 June 1918, in
time for use as a route for troops and large
gunnery during the “battaglia del solstizio”
(battle of the solstice). Not only was it
enormously important, strategically speaking
(providing a rapid, safe link between the
Grappa and Piave fronts); it was also, from
the engineering angle, an extremely ambitious
project. The manner in which the tunnels have
been arranged, which is such a characteristic
feature of this road, is fascinating since they
seem to have been piled up one upon the
other as they climb the precipitous slope.
Area of interest
1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Cison di Valmarino
Location:
Passo di San Boldo
OSSARIO
GIAVERA
DEL MONTELLO
78
NERVESA
DELLA BATTAGLIA
CISON DI VALMARINO
FOLLINA
REVINE LAGO
TOVENA
VITTORIO
VENETO
79
(VI)
49 VALSUGANA AREA FORTRESSES AND BRENTA CANAL
This multi-site museum is known as
“Museo del covolo di Buttistone e altri
sistemi difensivi della valle” (museum of
the Buttistone stronghold and other valley
defence systems) consists in the museum
as such, Covolo di Buttistone, certain
fortifications dating back to before the
Great War, Tagliata di Primolano and Forte
Tombion. The Covolo is very old, dating back
to the early eleventh century. It defended,
also as a natural barrier, the road between
Bassano and Trento. It was used last during
World War I. At Forte Tombion − as we visit
the corridors and rooms of the stronghold,
and walk along the trenches placed along
the steep slope − we gain an idea of what
life was like at the frontier, and also of the
heroic exploits of World War I. Work was
then completed on the Tagliata di Primolano,
a complex work of remarkable interest made
up of two main structures: Tagliata Fontanella
and Tagliata della Scala, one blocking
advances toward the Brenta and the other
blocking advances in the opposite direction.
Area of interest
1915 - 1918
Free entry
Municipality:
Cismon del Grappa
Province of Treviso - responsible for realization
Marzio Favero - Councillors in charge of cultural heritage (Coordinator)
Floriano Zambon – Councillor in charge of tourism services
Uberto Di Remigio – Director of the territorial promotion sector
Francesca Susanna – Head of cultural heritage operational unit
Elena Bisiol – Head of tourism promotion operational unit
Gloria Toffolo – Head of cultural heritage management
BASSANO
(VI)
50 COL CAMPEGGIA
Col Campeggia hosted the tactical HQ
of the IX Corpo d’Armata (IX Corps), at
an altitude of 1,100 metres on the last
south-westerly offshoots of the massif.
This location thus became a major
logistical site. Work on improvement and
recovery of the site began in 1922. A
number of hutments and trenches, and
the “observation” gallery were renovated.
Signposts have also been installed with
information on conditions of life and work
for the soldiers here.
80
Area of interest
1918
Free entry
Province of Venice
Raffaele Speranzon – Councillor in charge of cultural activities
Giorgia Andreuzza – Councillor in charge of tourism services
Gloria Vidali – Director of the cultural sector
Roberto Favarato – Director of the tourism sector
Province of Vicenza
Dino Secco - Councillor in charge of tourism services
Martino Bonotto – Councillor in charge of cultural heritage
Maria Pia Ferretti – Director of the cultural sector
Sandra Brentan – Director of the tourism sector
Municipality:
Romano d’Ezzelino
General Commission for Honouring the Fallen
General Vittorio Barbato
Colonel Carmelo Cannistraro
Location:
Camposolagna
MiBAC (Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities) - Cultural heritage and landscape
directorate of Veneto Region
Ugo Soragni –Regional director
Historic, artistic and ethno-anthropological heritage office for the Provinces of Venice,
Belluno, Padua and Treviso
Anna Maria Spiazzi – Head of office
Architectural and landscape heritage office for the Provinces of Venice, Belluno, Padua
and Treviso
Sabina Ferrari – Head of office
CAMPOSOLAGNA
CIMA GRAPPA
Veneto Region
Marino Zorzato – Councillor in charge of cultural services
Marino Finozzi – Councillor in charge of tourism policies
Angelo Tabaro – Regional secretary for culture
Fausta Bressani –Regional director of cultural heritage directorate
Paolo Rosso – Regional director of tourism directorate
Giulio Bodon – Head of organisational position for cataloguing, monitoring and enhancement of
cultural heritage
Province of Belluno
Daniela Templari – Councillor in charge of cultural services
Alberto Vettoretto – Councillor in charge of tourism services
Gabriella Faoro – Director of the economic and cultural development sector
Alessandra Cinti – Head of cultural services
Cristina Busatta – Curator, museum of the seventh regiment of Alpine troops
PRIMOLANO
TRENTO
Interprovincial coordination group
Project “I luoghi e le memorie della Grande Guerra nel Veneto” (locations and
memories of the Great War in the Veneto Region)
BASSANO
Initiative realized with the financial support of the regional government authority, Regione del Veneto, as part of the “Programma
di valorizzazione del patrimonio culturale del Veneto” (programme for enhancement of value of the cultural heritage of the
Veneto region), in accordance with the provisions of legge regionale (regional law) no. 1/2008, art. 102
Project: “I luoghi e le memorie della Grande Guerra nel Veneto” (locations and memories of the Great War in the Veneto Region)
81
INFORMATION
www.ecomuseograndeguerra.it
PROVINCE OF BELLUNO
Via Sant’Andrea 5 – 32100 Belluno
tel 0437/959162 - [email protected]
tel 0437/940084 - www.provincia.belluno.it
www.infodolomiti.it
IAT Office (tourism and accommodation bureau)
Piazza Duomo 2 – 32100 Belluno
Tel 0437/940083
e.mail: [email protected]
PROVINCE OF TREVISO
Via Cal di Breda 116 – 31100 Treviso
tel 0422/656000
www.provincia.treviso.it
www.turismo.provincia.treviso.it
IAT Office (tourism and accommodation bureau)
Via S.Andrea 3 – 31100 Treviso
Tel 0422/547632
e.mail: [email protected]
PROVINCE OF VENICE
Cà Corner, San Marco 2662 – 30124 Venezia
Tel. 041 2501511
www.provincia.venezia.it
servizio cultura
servizio turismo
APT della Provincia di Venezia
(provincial tourism office of the Province of Venice)
Castello 5050 – 30124 Venezia
Tel 041/5298711
e.mail: [email protected]
PROVINCE OF VICENZA
Contrà Gazzolle 1 – 36100 Vicenza
Tel 0444/908111
www.provincia.vicenza.it
IAT Office (tourism and accommodation bureau)
Piazza Matteotti 12 – 36100 Vicenza
Tel 0444/320854
e.mail: [email protected]
www.vicenzae.org - [email protected]
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