ALTRI MODI PER ESPRIMERE “DOVERE” must necessità non obbligo past simple present simple L interrogativa n Si può esprimere dovere o ......................... anche con to have to, che ......................... è un verbo modale e può sostituire ......................... anche nei tempi che gli mancano. k My English cousin doesn’t like having to wear a school uniform. A mio cugino inglese non piace dover portare un’uniforme a scuola. k I had to the walk home because my car broke down. Sono dovuto andare a casa a piedi perché mi si è rotta la macchina. n La forma negativa e interrogativa del ......................... e del ......................... richiedono l’uso degli ausiliari do/does/did. k I have to work → I don’t have to work → do I have to work? k she has to work → she doesn’t have to work → does she have to work? k you had to work → you didn’t have to work → did you have to work? Alla forma ......................... di solito si preferisce usare: do I have to?/do you have to?, ecc. anziché must I?/must you?, ecc. n Sia must che have to esprimono un ......................... forte, ma con una sfumatura di significato diversa • must esprime un obbligo più soggettivo k I must buy some bread. Devo comprare del pane. • have to esprime un obbligo più oggettivo, come ad esempio derivante da una regola o da una legge k Children have to go to school. I bambini devono andare a scuola. Le forme negative mustn’t e don’t have to, invece, hanno significati del tutto diversi: • musn’t esprime divieto k You mustn’t steal! Non devi rubare. • don’t have to esprime mancanza di obbligo o non necessità(1) k You don’t have to buy something when you go into a shop. Non sei costretto a comprare qualcosa quando entri in un negozio. k We don’t have to go to the chemist’s. We’ve got some aspirin at home. Non c’è bisogno che andiamo in farmacia. Abbiamo qualche aspirina a casa. (1) In alternativa si può usare needn’t + forma base. k You needn’t buy something when you go into a shop. a. Sally can’t go to the mountains for the weekend. She ………… prepare for a test. • b. My boss won’t give me a day off. I ………… finish some urgent work. • c. He ………… study hard last week. • d. ………… you ………… ask for a visa to go to Denmark? • e. The Smithsons ………… not ………… report the burglary to the police yesterday. • f. ………… Dan ………… be vaccinated when he went to Madagascar? ALTRI MODI PER ESPRIMERE “DOVERE” by G. Colohan - P. Gorgerino © Edizioni EDISCO, Torino ▲ 1 Modali 1. Completa queste frasi con la forma opportuna di have to. 2. Scegli la forma corretta tra quelle proposte in corsivo. a. She don’t have/has not/does not have to wear a school uniform. • b. Children do not have to/must/must not respect their parents. • c. Jill has/have/must to do a lot of housework. • d. You mustn’t/must/needn’t walk to school. Carol can drive you there. • e. Dogs must/mustn’t/don’t have to stay outside. They are not allowed in the shop. • f. He must/doesn’t have to/musn’t buy some wine. 3. Formula delle frasi riordinando queste parole. a. have – get – morning – parents – up – morning – the – to – early – in – my ............................................................................................................................................................. b. job – wear – have – uniform – you – your – in – a – to – do – ? ............................................................................................................................................................. c. guns – mustn’t – you – with – play ............................................................................................................................................................. d. don’t – to – if – don’t – you – have – go – you – want ............................................................................................................................................................. e. bus – take – have – does – why – she – to – the – ? ............................................................................................................................................................. f. cooking – my – father – do – to – has – the ............................................................................................................................................................. 4. Esprimi queste funzioni. a. Dì che devi andare a casa presto perché devi finire i compiti. ............................................................................................................................................................. b. Dì che non hai bisogno di andare dal dottore perché ti senti meglio. ............................................................................................................................................................. c. Dì ad una tua compagna che deve parlare di meno durante le lezioni. ............................................................................................................................................................. d. Dì che si devono indossare le cinture di sicurezza (seat belts) in macchina. ............................................................................................................................................................. e. Dì che si deve avere la carta d’identità per viaggiare in Europa. ............................................................................................................................................................. f. Dì ad un tuo amico che non hai bisogno del suo aiuto. ............................................................................................................................................................. Modali g. Dì che ti devi alzare molto presto domani mattina. ............................................................................................................................................................. h. Dì che dobbiamo rispettare le regole (rules). ............................................................................................................................................................. 2 ▲ ALTRI MODI PER ESPRIMERE “DOVERE” by G. Colohan - P. Gorgerino © Edizioni EDISCO, Torino
Scarica
