CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
CTA/ASTRI:
stato, problemi, opportunità
Giovanni Pareschi
INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
on behalf of the ASTRI Collaboration
*
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
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CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
The current VHE status
VERITAS (4x12m)
MAGIC (2x17m)
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CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
The MAGIC telescopes
Mirror diam. 17 m
Coll. Area 240 m2
Focal length 17.5 m
FOV about 3 deg
Ang res. (d90) < 3‘
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
TeV Sources
Hinton & Hofmann, 2009
Hinton & Hofmann, 2009
(a) The current catalog of VHE g-ray sources
plotted on the sky in Galactic coordinates.
(b) The H.E.S.S. survey of the Galactic plane.
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CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
INAF Production Sequence for Mirrors
Glass
Gluing
Panel
Preparation
Slumping &
Curing
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
Succesfully implemented in MAGIC II !
After 4 years still in very good
conditions
Being implemented also for
MAGIC I
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
Severe environmental conditions!
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
CTA main goals
CTA will consist of two arrays of Cherenkov telescopes, which
aim to:
• increase sensitivity by 1 order of magnitude @ 1 TeV;
• boost significantly the detection area
• improve the angular resolution
• provide uniform energy coverage  from some tens of GeV to
beyond 100 TeV;
• enhance the sky survey capability, monitoring capability and
flexibility of operation.
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
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CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
The CTA Concept
Hofmann & Martinez, 2011, Exp. Astr., 32, 193
CTA plans the construction of about 100 telescopes divided in 3 kinds of
configurations, in order to cover the energy range from a tens of GeV
(Large Size Telescope, LST), to a tens of TeV (Medium Size Telescope,
MST), and up to 100 TeV (Small Size Telescope, SST).
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
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CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
CTA for the European Union:
the Preparatory Phase
Construction
cost [M€]
Operations
cost [M€]
Timescale
CTA
150
10
2013
E-ELT
950
30
2018
ELI
400
50
2015
FAIR
1187
120
2016
KM3NeT
200
5
2016
PRINS
1400
300
2009-2015
SKA (GLOBAL)
1500
100-150
2016
SPIRAL2
196
6.6
2014
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
CTA sensitivity
M. Martinez, Zeuthen 2010
ASTRI
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CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
CTA data rights
Hofmann & Martinez, 2011, Exp. Astr., 32, 193
Operated as an ‘‘open’’ Observatory. Peer-reviewed process on
submitted proposal. Observations performed by Consortium experts.
Foreseen ‘‘legacy’’ data (Galactic Plane, full-sky survey, ...).
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CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
The CTA Consortium
>25 Countries
>132 Institutes
>1000 Persons
> 220 FTEs
• ITALY: 178
• INAF: 127
• Others (INFN + Univer.): 51
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
CTA organization for the implementation phase
•
•
•
•
An interim legal entity for CTA will take over the consortium
organization for 2 years with 2 M€ of central funds to
administer
It is required for site negotiations and site agreements, for In
Kind Contributions agreements, and a variety of other steps
site preparation and installation of first telescopes  ASTRI
mini-array
European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC)
organized for the final implementation after the first 2 years
INAF aims to participate leading the implementation of the
70 SST array, delivering the mirrors for MST and hosting
the CTA
HQ
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CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
The ASTRI Project
The ASTRI Program is an Italian “Progetto Bandiera” funded by MIUR 8 M€ .
The main goal is the production, within the CTA framework and following its
requirements, of both an end-to-end prototype of the CTA SST to be tested under
field conditions in 2014, and a SST mini-array to be placed at the chosen CTA
Southern Site during 2016.
Also the development of the mirrors for the MST telescopes is an important goal.
INAF is in charge of the design and production of the mirrors and the camera, the
development of the end-to-end software, MC simulations and other related
activities.
INAF contributes with more than 21 FTE/year (end 2012) to the project (76 staff
members) + 21 FTE/year (100%) of young researchers hired within the contract . The
Project is subject to annual reviews by MIUR in order to review the status and allocate
the budget according to the following scheme: 2011 (3 M€), 2012 (2 M€), 2013 (1.5 M€),
and 2014 (1.3 M€).
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CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
The ASTRI Project
ASTRI SST-2M concept:
a large (9.6o) field of view dual-mirror
(Schwarschild-Couder) telescope;
Principal Investigator G. Pareschi
a light (~50 kg) and compact (~50x50x50
cm3) camera based on Hamamatsu SiPMTs.
Co-PIs
O. Catalano & S. Vercellone
Program Manager
M. Fiorini
System Engineer
L. Stringhetti
INAF/CTA Responsible P. Caraveo
INAF Institutions IASF Milano, IASF Bologna, IASF Palermo
INAF HQ Roma, OA Brera, OA Torino, OA Padova, OA Bologna,
OA Arcetri, OA Roma, OA Capodimonte, OA Catania
University Partners Univer. of Padova, Univer. of Perugia
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CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
The ASTRI Prototype Mirrors
Mirrors’ main characteristics:
Primary Mirror diameter: 4.3 m (tessellated)
Secondary Mirror diameter: 1.8 m (monolithic)
f/0.5
Equivalent focal length: 2150 mm
Corrected FoV diameter: 9.6o
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CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
The Prototype Primary Mirror (M1)
• off-axis aspherical profile obtained
with the glass Cold-Shaping technology
• Physical Vapor Deposition of a
multilayer of pure dielectric materials
Triangle with mounting pins, 2
actuators, 1 fixed point, 1 tangential
restrain, and the alignment system.
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CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
The ASTRI Prototype Camera
Camera’ main characteristics:
Detector type: monolithic MPPC array (SiPMs)
Logical Pixel size: 6.2 mm x 6.2 mm [0.17o]
Plate scale: 37.5 mm/o
Number of Pixels : 7936
• Number of channels : 1984 (grouping 2 x 2 pixels)
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CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
The ASTRI Prototype Camera
1 ASTRI Focal Surface
37 PDMs
FoV diameter = 9.6o
Size imposed
by the
manufacturer
1 Photon Detection Modul
(PDM) = 4x4 Units
1 Unit
4x4 pixel
1px = 3mm x 3mm
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CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
The ASTRI Prototype Camera
Mechanical housing drawing and 37 Photon Detection Modules
mounted on the mechanical housing.
SiPM 4x4 Board
n.1
Photon Detection
Module - Board n.2
Mock-up of the mechanical housing + PDMs and sketch of the
ASTRI Camera with the Camera-Telescope I/F.
First prototype of a
4x4 PDMs Mosaic
with 3 SiPMs
already mounted
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play.py?confId=303
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
■ Visited site on ETNAThe
at which
ASTRI SST-2M Prototype Site
ASTRI prototype can be tested
INAF - Catania Astrophysical Observatory
The "M. G. Fracastoro" Mountain Station - Serra La Nave (Mt.
Etna)
Altitude: 1735 m a.s.l.
Longitude: +14o 58’.4;
Latitude +37o 41’.5
Fully operative INAF Observatory
High-speed internet connection
Mechanical & Electronics Labs
ASTRI SST-2M Prototype
61cm Dome
Domes
Main entrance
91cm Dome
Guests House,
Offices and Labs
An importan outreach program will be carried out by
INAF in collaboration with the Etna Park
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CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
ASTRI Prototype Major Milestones
ASTRI SST-2M Prototype
April 2013 ➔ call for tenders on
4 ASTRI SST-2M structures
[1 for the prototype and 3 for the
mini-array phase 1]
June 2014 ➔ ASTRI SST-2M Prototype
in situ for scientific evaluation
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CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
The ASTRI mini-array
test
concept
Our goal is the deployment and the
operation of a mini-array composed of a
few SST-2M telescopes at the final CTA
southern site.
An ancient concept...
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CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
Major Milestones
ASTRI SST-2M mini-array
CTA Southern site should be decided within the current
milestone
2014 - 2015 ➔ ASTRI mini-array re-assessment study
2015 - 2016 ➔ Extension of the ASTRI mini-array
[phase 2], and mini-array
deployment phase.
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CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
Namibia – Aar
Argentina – San Antonio de los Cobres
Chile – Cerro Armazones (Antofagasta)
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CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
Institutes and organizations participating in the miniarray
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•
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ASTRI consortium
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg , South Africa  300
kEuro already approved
Brasil  1500 kEuro requested to the San Paulo local funding agency
CHEC (Cherenkov High Energy Camera) – UK consortium
 in kind contribution on cameras
•
GATE SST group - Observatoire de Paris
 in kind contribution on structures
•
•
•
University of Amsterdam  pending proposal for in kind contribution
CNEA, Argentina  in kind contribution (international agreement
Italia/Argentina)
DESY (MST)  MOU under finalization
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
INAF TRIO
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CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
INAF TRIO
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
South Africa
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CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
INAF TRIO
BRASILIAN TRIO
South Africa
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CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
ASTRI miniarry expected
performance
ASTRI
Energy resolution: ~ 10 % @10 TeV (vs.
20 % di HAWC)
Angular Resolution: 0.06-0.07 deg @10
TeV (improving with the energy) vs. 0.2
Exploration
of
degEHE
of regime
HAWC
the
Crab
MINI-ARRAY
of
galactic
sources
10% Crab
Possibility of very long integrations on a
sample of selected source
1% Crab
Great improvement at low energies if
also two or more MST are
implemented!
Not only a technology pathfinder but also very good science is
possible when FERMI and SWIFT will be in operation!
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
Southern Hemisphere
Hinton & Vercellone, 2012
• Vela X
➔ 30x10-12
• RX J1713 ➔ 10
•Vela Junior ➔ 10
•HESS J1616 ➔ 6
•HESS J1837 ➔ 4
•HESS J1813 ➔3
•HESS J1825 ➔ 3
•HESS J1745/GC ➔ 2
•HESS J1702 ➔ 2
•HESS J1804 ➔ 2 HESS J1303 ➔
2
•HESS J1718 ➔ 2
•LS 5039 ➔ 0.5-2
A few observable in pairs with
~9 degree FoV.
Opportunity for
serendipitous detections of
new hard spectrum Galactic
sources.
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CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
5 SSTs + 2 MSTs = CTA seed
Coupling the SSTs miniarray with 2 MSTs
would constitute the first real CTA precursor.
Dramatic boosting in performance.
MST Team at DESY already contacted and
willing to tighten the collaboration.
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CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
Next Steps
Courtesy of R. Canestrari
HMMM....
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CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
Next Steps
Courtesy of R. Canestrari
SST & MST
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CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013
CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
Summary
We plan to start the ASTRI SST-2M Prototype activities at Serra
La Nave during Spring 2014.
The ASTRI Prototype will allow us to test the main innovative
components: the optical dual-mirror design and the SiPM-based
focal plane.
We are fully compliant w.r.t. the CTA requirements and we work on
a day-by-day basis in collaboration with the CTA technical
management.
The SST mini-array will be a quantum-leap w.r.t. the ASTRI SST2M prototype performance, allowing us to validate several CTA
array properties.
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CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt
For more information:
• http://www.brera.inaf.it/astri/
• http://www.cta-observatory.org
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