702132/702835 European Architecture B
Roman Baroque
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some factors in the Baroque
the cycle of taste: freedom from classical
rigidity, and the enlarged vocabulary of
Mannerism
a return of public confidence and a boost in
church activity and patronage
the Counter-Reformation and the
improvement of Rome
The Ecstasy of St Teresa, by
Gianlorenzo Bernini, 1645-52
William Fleming, Arts & Ideas (Fort Worth
[Texas] 1991), p 353
He held a long javelin of gold, with
an iron tip which had a flame coming
out of it. Suddenly, he pierced me to
the inmost fibre of my being with it
and it seemed to me that, as he
drew it out, he dragged me with it;
but I felt entirely consumed by the
love of God. The pain was so great
that it drew moans from me, even
though the ecstasy that went with it
was so great that I would not have
had the pain withdrawn ...
THE TRANSITION: 1570-1630
Il Gesú, Rome, begun
by G B da Vignola, c
1568, and completed to
cornice level by the
time of his death in
1573
Scala 9122
Il Gesú, plan
Nikolaus Pevsner, An Outline of European Architecture (Harmondsworth [Middlesex] 1968 [1943]), p 233
Il Gesú: Vignola's façade design, c 1573;
Giacomo della Porta's façade, completed 1584
engraving by Mario Cartaro, in Giacomo de Rossi, Insignium Romae
Templorum, 1684; Scala 9111
Il Gesú:
Giacomo della
Porta's
façade,
completed
1584
Rolf Toman [ed],
Baroque
Architecture
Sculpture Painting
(Cologne 2007
[2004]), p 14
some Baroque characteristics
1. swagger
2. theatricality
3. light & shade
4. depth
5. unity
6. movement
Palazzo Rucellai, Florence,
façade by Alberti, ?1452-1470
Il Gesú, façade by
Giacomo della Porta, completed
1584
MUAS 9861; Toman, p 14
PIETRO DA CORTONA
Palazzo Pitti, Florence, ceiling fresco, Sala di Marte, by Pietro da Cortona, 1646. MUAS 5,790
Palazzo Pitti, Sala di Giove, stuccoes by da Cortona, 1643-5
Wittkower, Art and Architecture in Italy [1965], pl 91(B)
SS Luca e Martina, Rome, by Pietro da Cortona, 1635-1650
Pru Sanderson
SS Luca e Martina, Rome, by Pietro da Cortona, 1635-1650
Rolf Toman [ed], Baroque Architecture Sculpture Painting (Cologne 2007 [2004]), pp 25, 24
Sta Maria della
Pace, Rome, by
Pietro da Cortona,
1656-7: front view
Scala no 7340
Sta Maria della Pace: detail of upper façade
Miles Lewis
Sta Maria della Pace
plan of the church and
piazza &
contemporary view
John Varriano, Italian
Baroque and Rococo
Architecture (New York
1986), pp 117, 116
Sta Maria della Pace: contemporary view
Varriano, Italian Baroque and Rococo, p 116
Santa Maria della Pace, interior & dome
Scala nos 9174, 9175
GIANLORENZO BERNINI
S Andrea al
Quirinale, Rome, by
Bernini, 1658-70:
plan & view
Wittkower, Art and
Architecture in Italy [1965], p
119; Toman, Baroque, p 39
S Andrea al Quirinale: plan & section
Wittkower, Art and Architecture in Italy [1965], p 119 & pl 62(B)
Baldacchino of St
Peter's, Rome, by
Bernini, 1624-33
Scala no 9592
St Peter's as designed by Carlo Maderno after 1602
James Lees-Milne, Saint Peter's: the Story of Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome (London 1967), p 240
St Peter's, Rome
Maderno's design
façade as built
1602-26
Lees-Milne, Saint Peter's,
p 240; Brian Lewis 1973
St Peter's, façade with Bernini's south tower
(incomplete), 1636-41
Lees-Milne, Saint Peter's, p 259
St Peter's, Bernini's
design for
freestanding towers,
c 1650
Wittkower, Art and Architecture
in Italy [1973], p 19
St Peter's, in the early C17th before the dismantling of Bernini's tower (on
Maderno's base) and the construction of the forecourt
MUAS 14,812
Papal medal of c 1657, showing Bernini's original
scheme for enclosing the forecourt of St Peter's
Lees-Milne, Saint Peter's, p 270
St Peter's forecourt, schematic plan of the design shown in the
papal medal, with the 'propylæum‘
(modified from) Norman Davies, Europe (London 1997 [1996]), p 571
St Peter's forecourt, by Bernini, 1657-1667, from Piranesi's C18th engraving
MUAS 16,361
St Peter's and
the Vatican with
Bernini’s
forecourt as
executed
(modified from) Banister
Fletcher, A History of
Architecture on the
Comparative Method
(17th ed, London 1961
[1896]), p 721
St Peter's and the forecourt, from above
anonymous
St Peter’s forecourt, looking east
Toman, Baroque, p 37
St Peter's forecourt, the colonnade:
Scala 9591 9112
St Peter's: the statue of Constantine,
by Bernini, 1654-8; view along the portico
Scala 959 ; Pru Sanderson
Scala Regia, Vatican Palace,
by Bernini, 1663-6
MUAS 5,818
Scala Regia: detailed plans
Jeremy Blake, La Falsa Prospettiva in Italian Renaissance Architecture (Stocks-field [Northumberland] 1982), no page
Scala Regia
Lees-Milne, Saint Peter's, p 269; MUAS 17,354
The Ecstasy of St Teresa, by
Gianlorenzo Bernini, 1645-52;
plan of the sanctuary
William Fleming, Arts & Ideas (Fort Worth
[Texas] 1991), p 353; Howard Hibbard, Bernini
(Harmondsworth [Middlesex] 1965), pl 134
Cornaro Chapel,
Sta Maria della
Vittoria, Rome, by
Bernini, 1645-52
anonymous painting in the
Schwerin State Museum
FRANCESCO BORROMINI
Porta Santa, in the portico of St Peter's, Rome, by Maderno,
carved by Borromini, 1619-20
Anthony Blunt, Borromini (London 1979), p 17
Palazzo Barberini,
Rome, window by
Borromini under
Bernini, 1628-38
Blunt, Borromini, p 32
Monastery of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, from 1634, plan of whole
Wittkower, Art and Architecture in Italy [1965], p 132
Church of San Carlo alle
Quattro Fontane, by
Borromini, 1638-41:
suggested geometrical
basis of the plan
Blunt, Borromini, p 48
San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane: section & interior view
Wittkower, Art and Architecture in Italy [1965], p 133.; Scala 9466 (1973)
a Roman tetraconch
the Piazza d'Oro of Hadrian's Villa, Tivoli, 124, reconstruction
MUAS 13,933
S Carlo alle Quattro Fontane: views of the dome
Scala 9468 (1973); Millon, Triumph of the Baroque, p 38
S Carlo alle Quattro
Fontane
exterior of the lantern
Scala 9470 (1973)
Oratorio di San Filippo Neri, by Borromini, 1637-49
engraving & view of the façade
Blunt, Borromini, p 97; Margaret Monk, 1985
San Filippo Neri, reconstruction of Borromini’s scheme for flanking S
Maria in Vallicella (by Fausto Rughesi) with a 'Pamphilj Pantheon‘,
1644
T G Smith, Classical Architecture (Layton [Utah] 1988), p 30
Oratorio di San Filippo Neri, by Borromini, 1637-49, fireplace in the Sala di
Recreazione: elevation, and detail of the Doric frieze and tassels
Weinreb, The Architect's Eye, p 16
Anthony Blunt, Borromini (London 1979), p 105
San
Filippo
Neri
fireplace,
general
view
Blunt,
Borromini, p
104
San Filippo Neri
fireplace, detail at
the side
Blunt, Borromini, p 42
reeding
darts
Roman columns, by G B
Montano
Blunt, Borromini, p 42
S Ivo della Sapienza,
Rome, by Borromini,
1642-50
view & plan within the
Archiginnasio
complex
Millon, Triumph of the Baroque, p 32;
MUAS 5,782
S Ivo della Spienza
plan & diagram of
the geometry
Opera del ... Borromini (1720
Blunt, Borromini, p 115
S Ivo, plan, & detail of the bee
Opera del ... Borromini (1720)
S Ivo, cross-section & interior view
MUAS 14,146; Wittkower, Art and Architecture in Italy [1965], pl 69(B)
Insula of the Painted Vaults, Ostia, c AD 120: detail of the Severan painting of the dome
William Macdonald, Architecture of the Roman Empire II (New Haven [Connecticut] 1986), p 234
S Ivo della Sapienza, view of dome
Miles Lewis
S Ivo, view of dome
Wittkower, Art and Architecture in Italy [1965], pl 71
S Ivo, upper part;
engraving of dome
surface with steps
Brian Lewis; Blunt, Borromini, p 42
S Ivo: view of dome and lantern;
detail of the finial
Pru Sanderson; Millon, Triumph of the Baroque, p 54
S Ivo: view of lantern and
drum; plan of lantern
Scott, 'S. Ivo alla Sapienza', p 302; Blunt,
Borromini, p 40
Temple of Venus at
Baalbek, c AD 273
Robert Wood, The Ruins of Balbec,
otherwise Heliopolis in Coelosyria
(London 1757)
reconstruction of
an ancient Roman
building, from
Montano
G B Montano, Le Cinque Libri
(1624-64)
Scala Regia, Vatican, by Bernini, 1665: plan and section
Palazzo Spada, Rome, colonnade by Borromini, 1652-3
MUAS 5,818; Pru Sanderson, 1985
Palazzo Spada colonnade
Pru Sanderson; Blake, La Falsa Prospettiva, no page;
Blunt, Borromini, p 45
reconstruction
of an ancient
building, by G
B Montano
G B Montano, Le Cinque
Libri
S Carlo alle
Quattro Fontane,
façade by
Borromini, 1665-7
Millon, Triumph of the Baroque, p
39
S Carlo: detail of the ground floor level
Scala 9471
S Carlo
close view of
the façade.
MUAS 6,280
S Carlo, upper part of the facade
Brian Lewis
S Carlo, details: niche of c 1675, with a statue of S Charles Borromeo, by
Antonio Raggi; a capital of the giant order of the façade, executed after 1667
Blunt, Borromini, p 78; Smith, Classical Architecture, p 13
S Carlo alle
Quattro Fontane,
façade by
Borromini, 1665-7
Millon, Triumph of the Baroque, p
39