Giancarlo Cataldi URBAN MORPHOLOGY AS A DISCIPLINARY BASIS FOR ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN ISUF 2014 Porto, 3 July 2014 1 Part One THE CRISIS OF ARCHITECTURE 2 ARCHITECTURE AS A DISCIPLINE (*) Vitruvius, De architectura Libri X, illuminated manuscript (15° century, Florence, Medicea Laurenziana Library) (*) ‘'Discipline” (Latin Disco, I learn; Greek Didasko, I teach): a system of knowledges that can be learned and taught 3 “Architecti est scientia pluribus disciplinis et variis eruditionibus ornata, cuius iudicio probantur omnia quae ab ceteris artibus perficiunt opera. Ea nascitur ex fabrica et ratiocinatione” “The science of the architect consists of many disciplines and from a variety of knowledges. All the works produced by the other arts are subject to his judgment. It comes from the practice and the project] " (Vitruvius, De architectura I, I, 1) 4 ARCHITECTURE WITHOUT ARCHITECTS (B. Rudofsky, New York 1964) BASIC BUILDINGS * SPONTANEOUS CONSCIOUSNES S (TRADITIONAL DWELLINGS ) SPECIAL BUILDINGS °° SELFCONSCIOUSNES S (*) Handed down orally (**) With architects aware of their work 5 AT THE ORIGIN OF DWELLING (G. Cataldi, Firenze, 1986) 6 THE ARCHITECT IN WESTERN HISTORY (L. Vagnetti, Firenze, 1972) 1. [MIDDLE AGES] YARDS 2. [RENAISSANCE ] SHOPS 3. [LATE RENAISSANCE] ACADEMIES * 4. [MODERN AGES] SCHOOLS AND FACULTIES * (*) Books, students, theories and professors = symptoms of crisis 7 AUTONOMY AND HETERONOMY OF ARCHITECTURE COMPONENTS OF ARCHITECTURE DISCIPLINARY FIELDS 1. HISTORICAL & CRITICAL HUMANITIES, HISTORY, PHILOSOPHY 2. TECHNICAL ENGINEERING & NATURAL SCIENCES 3. URBAN & SOCIAL URBAN PLANNING & SOCIAL SCIENCES 4. ARTISTIC ARTS ACADEMIES 8 [9]9 [ 1010 ] [ 1111 ] [ 1212] [ 13 13 ] [ 1414 ] [ 1515 ] THE FOUR MAIN DIVISIONS OF THE FIGURE OF ARCHITECT 1. ARCHITECTS VS CRITICS 2. ARCHITECTS VS ENGINEERS 3. ARCHITECTS VS URBAN PLANNERS 4. ARCHITECTS VS ARTISTS 16 Part Two INTRODUCTION TO THE TYPE-MORPHOLOGICAL SCHOOL 17 1. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS 1. Saverio Muratori (1910-1973) 2. The Roman School of Saverio Muratori (1960-70) 3. The Muratorian School (1970-2000) 4. The Type-morphological Italian School (2000→) 18 SAVERIO MURATORI ARCHITECT Modena 1910 – Roma 1973 In the centenary of his birth 19 2. MAIN REFERENCES ON URBAN FORM (*) Saverio MURATORI Vita e storia della città (1950) Saverio MURATORI, Life and history of the city (1950) (*) Without philosophical books of Saverio Muratori 20 Saverio MURATORI Studi per una operante storia urbana di Venezia (1959) Paolo MARETTO L’edilizia gotica veneziana (1960) Saverio MURATORI Studies for a working urban history of Venice (1959) Paolo MARETTO Venetian gothic building (1960) 21 Renato BOLLATI, Sergio BOLLATI, Guido MARINUCCI, Saverio MURATORI Studi per una operante storia urbana di Roma (1963) Renato BOLLATI, Sergio BOLLATI, Guido MARINUCCI, Saverio MURATORI 22 Studies for a working urban history of Rome (1963) Gianfranco Caniggia Lettura di una città: Como (1963) Gianfranco Caniggia Reading of a city: Como (1963) 23 Gianfranco Caniggia, Gian Luigi Maffei Composizione architettonica e tipologia edilizia 1. Lettura dell’edilizia di base (1979) - 2. Il progetto nell’edilizia di base (1984) Gianfranco Caniggia, Gian Luigi Maffei Architectural composition and buiding typology 24 1. Interpreting basic building (1979) - 2. Projecting basic building (1984) Paolo Maretto La casa veneziana nella storia della città (1984) Paolo Maretto Venetian house in the city’s history (1984) Gian Luigi Maffei La casa fiorentina nella storia della città (1990) Gian Luigi Maffei Florentine house in the city’s history 25 (1990) G. Strappa, M. Ieva, M. A. Dimatteo La città come organismo. Lettura di Trani alle diverse scale (2003) Attilio Petruccioli After Amnesia. Learning from the Islamic Mediterranean Urban Fabric (2007) G. Strappa, M. Ieva, M. A. Dimatteo The city as organism The Trani’s scalar reading (2003) Attilio Petruccioli After Amnesia. Learning from the Islamic 26 Mediterranean Urban Fabric (2007) Giancarlo Cataldi, Fausto Formichi Pienza Forma Urbis (2007) M. R. G. Conzen Alnwick, Northumberland: a study in town-plan analysys (Italian edition edited by G. Cataldi, G. L. Maffei, M. Maretto, N. Marzot, G. Strappa, 2012) 27 Part three TYPE-MORPHOLOGICAL THEORY 28 «If we analyse the process of building a house, we notice that the shape of the house is already in the builder’s mind: he knows what “house” means. Somehow the house originates from “house”: something immaterial (“house” as a concept ) generates something that includes the matter (the house).» Aristotle, Metaphisics, 12° 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36