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( 56 #% & &; - 38' -' 3 ' > ' 8 + 5&" & % .3 $ 5 ? @A B CD/EA/ 7B/5A /B B C@ 05"B F@ ?" /FB 0CB00A"B @/ G B"@<@G B C"A?B55A FB B "7 5D"B + $ σ 4 8 & #4 #4 # 4 ! # & # % & 5 # 2 5 # 4 ? τ &! +, ;% 0 0 - ? '+ , '+ $ - F ' ( ( * 3 8 0 " " " ξ ρ ξ! ! ρ & % # % & + & &+, 3B8 + # 3 8 35 8 ' = ( <' - $ E - 5 ? @A B CD/EA/ 7B/5A /B ! 5 + ' B C@ 05"B F@ ?" /FB 0CB00A"B @/ G 2 B"@<@G B C"A?B55A FB B "7 5D"B ( ω , 1# &+, . ' # 4 ! # & # % & # 4 5 ( !G G ' α% α ! ( ( ++ ' ( $)6' ' + + 8 < ( 7 / 3 8 θ ( + 3 ! ' ε - ! ' ε # & % ε( # & # & # & % ε( ( 1 ( 1 ( ( ( ( ( ( , H < 6 7 6& <0 6 7 6& / ! / 3 %& & ( & ! & ! θ θ α% + α% <" 82 1 <" 1 + <0 , ! & θ% 5 ? @A B CD/EA/ 7B/5A /B θ&! θ α% <" , B C@ 05"B F@ ?" /FB 0CB00A"B @/ G +, θ B"@<@G B C"A?B55A FB B "7 5D"B - <0 , α & $ ' " 4 , 1 θ &% ! α% ' ! 8 <" , ! F ' α% & % +, ! ' < = ! =8 M =1% 1 ? > ( " =8 =1 φ & =+ ( ' !=1 & =8 % - " - ( > ρ ρ8 φ ρ1 φ' ρ8 ' ρ1 8 1 *$0 ! ( 56 78"9&" : " & 5&" & % &"6 ! $ 3 8 ? ' + ' ' ' F' ( $ ' > ? 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' 3 ) + $ + ' ) ++ ' ( F ( E / E / $ E ' ' ( ( < , ( > 3 '> 8 ' ' + ' ) ? + - !G > ' 5 ? @A B CD/EA/ 7B/5A /B B C@ 05"B F@ ?" /FB 0CB00A"B @/ G ( B"@<@G B C"A?B55A FB B "7 5D"B 2 ' . # ) F H < π " =/ & 3 # −< 0 8 4 F τ " = H " /3 ;8 5 ' 2 ' =γ τ τ" γ = / + 3 µ # 3B8 9 + 4 + 8KQD ! ?/ 4? <= 3 P / + 8 <= ) ( E 8' 9 + ' + ' µ# > µ# 3 . !' 8 '+ ( ) # 3 < C' C / +− >= + C / + $ '+ ' 2 ( > ( H" ' + H" /σ < = ) ( / !G F ' + 5 ? @A B CD/EA/ 7B/5A /B ' B C@ 05"B F@ ?" /FB 0CB00A"B @/ G '> τ" ' B"@<@G B C"A?B55A FB B "7 5D"B ' τ" =γ τ R γ <= µ # 3B8 9 + C + ' B )( > F ( !G + $ ( F > 3 8 # G ' + + ++ ( + ( ' ! ( 56 ' ' ' *$+ !G + # 78"9&" : " & 5&" & % .3 ) <' + !G ' ( G ) ' ' 5 ? @A B CD/EA/ 7B/5A /B ' ( < > ' / + / ' < B C@ 05"B F@ ?" /FB 0CB00A"B @/ G B"@<@G B C"A?B55A FB B "7 5D"B ' $ + . - ( 8 + 3 ( ( < + ' F )( ! 1%& 8 8 $ 1 < ( ( < ' ) ( ' ( = ' + ( $ + - ' - τ0 <0 & <0 - 5 ? @A B CD/EA/ 7B/5A /B B C@ 05"B F@ ?" /FB 0CB00A"B @/ G B"@<@G B C"A?B55A FB B "7 5D"B '! + # ( $ + + - ' ' τ0 - <0 & # 70 & I I - 3 = ∫ 8 - ( I = J ( / + 70 > + + + π < 70 & <0 ( <: - + ( / ! J ! '$ / * " % ## 0 + $ ( < + ( < + ' τ0 F (2 τ0 <0 & ( J I - # 70 & I + / / > 5 ? @A B CD/EA/ 7B/5A /B B C@ 05"B F@ ?" /FB 0CB00A"B @/ G B"@<@G B C"A?B55A FB B "7 5D"B ') τ ; > ' ( < ( ' (2 F τ <0 & ( # 70 & I & 1 ) ' τ" ξ ρ ρ8 ξ! ρ ! # & % ! ρ8 ρ1 % & % & & 3B8 ρ1 ( ( 8 ( 1 3 - E + > 8 > - <0 4 & 5 ? @A B CD/EA/ 7B/5A /B B C@ 05"B F@ ?" /FB 0CB00A"B @/ G B"@<@G B C"A?B55A FB B "7 5D"B <0 4 -2 ( 8 8 8 8 - 1 - + 1 ( 1 + + <0 4 <0 ) J ! 70 %&! <0 I %* J ! 70 (%&! <0 I %* + <0 4 < ) 70 - + ( <0 4 <0 ) + + > ' E ' <0 4 ∆<0 <0 <0 ∆<0 - ( 3 8 τ <0 4 & τ" ξ! - 5 ? @A B CD/EA/ 7B/5A /B ρ # % & & + B C@ 05"B F@ ?" /FB 0CB00A"B @/ G B"@<@G B C"A?B55A FB B "7 5D"B ' τ <0 4 &! %) J ! 70 2 %&! <0 I %* ) 2 ( - ( ? ' < + ( ( + < < ' ( 2 → <0 3 8 8 8 + 1 ( 1 → <0 - , - ( 2ξ! ρ # ξ! ρ # % & % & & , 1, α ( α - ( & 1, ( α. , 1, ξ! # % & 5 → 5 ? @A B CD/EA/ 7B/5A /B ρ <0 B C@ 05"B F@ ?" /FB 0CB00A"B @/ G B"@<@G B C"A?B55A FB 4 B "7 5D"B - - 4 E ρ - 4 $ E ' 4 - 3 8 3# * 2 β ' β E + K & K ; ( ' + ( ' ( ( $ + + 5 ? @A B CD/EA/ 7B/5A /B B C@ 05"B F@ ?" /FB 0CB00A"B @/ G + ' 1 B"@<@G B C"A?B55A FB B "7 5D"B ' + + < <0 4 <0 ' ( → <0 4 <0 ) J ! 70 I - ? %&! <0 I %* →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∅ 2 > 2 ∅ M ∅ 2 : 3 7 CD C8 H 839 K 5 C8 : > - ∅ ' ?K2 . > ' ' ' ! . $ . 5 ? @A B CD/EA/ 7B/5A /B B C@ 05"B F@ ?" /FB 0CB00A"B @/ G B"@<@G B C"A?B55A FB B "7 5D"B ' 0$) ! ( 56 #% & 5&" & % $ $ )+,-*,.* $ + - !" C? %& '"(&)"& *+' &*,& -' &.&/* τ τ !" τ "#$ τ τ , τ τ 5 ? @A B CD/EA/ 7B/5A /B !" # $ !" # $ %&' %& - B C@ 05"B F@ ?" /FB 0CB00A"B @/ G B"@<@G B C"A?B55A FB B "7 5D"B + - # ! C? %& '"(&)"& *+' &*,& -' &.&/* τ τ !" τ "#$ τ τ , τ τ 5 ? @A B CD/EA/ 7B/5A /B !" # $ !" # $ %&' %& - B C@ 05"B F@ ?" /FB 0CB00A"B @/ G B"@<@G B C"A?B55A FB B "7 5D"B 0$* ! ( 56 #% & 5&" & %/ * $ $)6 4- !% C? +, -#*,.#, /0- ,/1, " " " ! τ ! ! ( " % & $) " γ ' ) 2- ,%,3/ *-#9/ / β " " " φ " φ " / φ " / " " ) ) " # #$ #* σ) " " " " ) /05 / ! , ,, ! ! " ) #$ #$ " " " (! # # # #.# 2- ,%,3/ 44 .33. -/ /05 / / 0/61,. φ ! !( 7 / ) " " " ) 8 " " " 5 ? @A B CD/EA/ 7B/5A /B α ! # 2- ,%,3/ 3.#61. - /0. (! # 2- ,%,3/ B C@ 05"B F@ ?" /FB 0CB00A"B @/ G B"@<@G B C"A?B55A FB B "7 5D"B 2- ,%,3/ / /05 / 0 /*2- */1- 31* 7 # # # ! " 2- ,%,3/ / " " " " /05 / / %1-**,.#- (! # # # " ! ( / /05 / 0 /*2- */1( 4 *1.#6,05+,#/1! ; *0 /*2- */1! ; ρ $ ' Φ .: .: .: 3 * 3 3 3 3 3 3 2- ,%,3/ ,#, / !! ρ " ! " " 7 3 2- ,%,3/ $ < $ $ < $ $ < $! > ' 5 ? @A B CD/EA/ 7B/5A /B * * ! ( !! ! ( ( B C@ 05"B F@ ?" /FB 0CB00A"B @/ G ( B"@<@G B C"A?B55A FB B "7 5D"B $)6' 4- %% C? +, -#*,.#, /0- ,/1, γ " τ " " #$ #$ " % & $) " ! ! ' ) " " " # #$ 2- ,%,3/ *-#9/ / β " " " φ " φ " / φ " / " " ) ) " ( #* σ) " ) ! , ,, ! ! ! " ) " " " ( 2- ,%,3/ / " " " ( ( ! ? # # # 2- ,%,3/ 44 #.# .33. -/ /05 / / 0/61,. /05 / / %1-**,.#- " " /05 / # # # 2- ,%,3/ - 5 ? @A B CD/EA/ 7B/5A /B B C@ 05"B F@ ?" /FB 0CB00A"B @/ G B"@<@G B C"A?B55A FB B "7 5D"B - 0$0 ! ( 56 #% & 5&" & % &"6 ! $ $)6 4- !% C? +, -#*,.#, /0- ,/1, & =+,#> " " 2- ,%,3/ ! τ τ " " τ ( # " " " " " " " ) τ τ " ?τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ& ! 4 4 ; ; τ @?/ & τ τ τ τ A & & τ & & ! ( (( ! τ , #.# 2- ,%,3/ #.# 2- ,%,3/ 2- ,%,3/ 2- ,%,3/ τ ( ( 8≈ ) ; ; 5 ? @A B CD/EA/ 7B/5A /B B C@ 05"B F@ ?" /FB 0CB00A"B @/ G B"@<@G B C"A?B55A FB B "7 5D"B ' $)6' 4- %% C? +, -#*,.#, /0- ,/1, & =+,#> 2- ,%,3/ " " τ τ " " τ ( # " " " " " " " ) τ τ " ?τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ& ! A & & τ & & ! ( (( ! τ , #.# 2- ,%,3/ #.# 2- ,%,3/ 2- ,%,3/ 2- ,%,3/ ( ( τ @?/ & τ τ τ τ 4 4 ; ; τ ( ( 8≈ ) ; ; 5 ? @A B CD/EA/ 7B/5A /B B C@ 05"B F@ ?" /FB 0CB00A"B @/ G B"@<@G B C"A?B55A FB B "7 5D"B 3 0$+ ! ( 56 #% & 5&" & % .3 $ $)6 4- !% C? +, -#*,.#, /0- ,/1, @ " @ " @ ! ! ! ' ( ( ' ' " " " " " " 2* σ ? σ ? 4 φ 2- ,%,3/ ! " , "A ,, φ "A / 2 2* " ! !!( 4 0/61,. 2 " " " " " " ) 7 " " ) 7 ) @ /B /**, . /**.150. # ( 2* ; θ α 6-. -0 ,/ ( ( ( φ # 2 2 /B "A "A "A ) ) # # "A " "A 2- ,%,3/ (! * φ "A 7 " " C " " 8" 5 ? @A B CD/EA/ 7B/5A /B !( ' , B C@ 05"B F@ ?" /FB 0CB00A"B @/ G B"@<@G B C"A?B55A FB B "7 5D"B 2 2- ,%,3/ %* % %* % %* % %* % " " " " " " " " / ω θ θ $ Φ ' 5 ? @A B CD/EA/ 7B/5A /B ! ( ! # # # # # # # # /05 / 0 /*2- */1- ,#, / 4 .: ! ; .: ( ; ( .: ( 4 .: > ' ( B C@ 05"B F@ ?" /FB 0CB00A"B @/ G ( B"@<@G B C"A?B55A FB B "7 5D"B $)6' 4- %% C? +, -#*,.#, /0- ,/1, @ " ( @ " @ ( ! ! ' ( ( ' ' " " 2* σ ? σ ? 4 " φ 2- ,%,3/ ! " φ " " " " G / 2 2* ,, "A " ! ! 4 0/61,. 2 " " " " " " ) 7 " " ) 7 ) @ /B /**, . /**.150. ! ( # 2* ; θ α 6-. -0 ,/ ( ( ( ! φ # 2 2 /B "A "A "A ) ) # # G , "A 2- ,%,3/ ( * φ "A 7 " " C " " 8" 5 ? @A B CD/EA/ 7B/5A /B ' , ( B C@ 05"B F@ ?" /FB 0CB00A"B @/ G B"@<@G B C"A?B55A FB B "7 5D"B " " " " " " " / θ θ 0$4 ' Φ ! ( 56 $ # # # # # # # # /05 / 0 /*2- */1- ,#, / 4 .: ! ; .: ( ; ( .: ( 4 .: ω $ 2- ,%,3/ ! ! ((! ! ! %* % %* % %* % %* % " > ' ( ( ! #% & ' &"(!&" & ' ! ! 8% + !: 8! ' #% & &% &" 5&7 ! 8! %"& (&" 9 &" $ $ )+,-*,.* Φ * Φ &"6 ! / / Φ .3 F 5&4,) ' < + E (,67& &4 5 ? @A B CD/EA/ 7B/5A /B ' ; 45 Φ / / ' (,67& &4 ( ++ , ' ' + /# / / /! /! 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