Biol. Mar. Mediterr. (2011), 18 (1): 309-311
F. Frau, M.F. Cinti, B. Paliaga, I. Guala*
Capo Carbonara Marine Protected Area - 09049 Villasimius, Italia.
[email protected]
*Fondazione IMC, International Marine Centre Onlus - 09072 Torregrande (OR), Italia.
PROTECTED SPECIES ACCORDING TO THE SPA/BIO
PROTOCOL (BARCELONA CONVENTION) PRESENT
IN THE MARINE PROTECTED AREA CAPO CARBONARA
LE SPECIE PROTETTE DEL PROTOCOLLO SPA/BIO
(CONVENZIONE DI BARCELLONA) PRESENTI
NELL’AREA MARINA PROTETTA CAPO CARBONARA
Abstract - Based on literature data, the list of coastal and marine species present in the Capo Carbonara
Marine Protected Area was updated highlighting the species of special conservation interest. Overall, 951
species were recorded, 153 of them are listed in the main international conventions and directives; 49 are
protected according to the SPA/BIO protocol (Barcelona Convention). Such a high number of species of
conservation interest makes the Capo Carbonara MPA an eligible candidate to be part of the SPAMI list.
Key-words: marine parks, conservation, species, biodiversity, Mediterranean Sea.
Introduction - In the Mediterranean Sea 132 coastal and marine species are
considered of priority interest for conservation according to the SPA/BIO protocol
(Specially Protected Areas and Biological Diversity in the Mediterranean, Barcelona
Convention), that lists all endangered or threatened species (Annex II) and the
species whose exploitation must be regulated (Annex III) (Relini and Tunesi, 2009).
The presence of rare, threatened or endemic species and a high species diversity
are among the main criteria necessary to be eligible for inclusion in the SPAMI
(Specially Protected Areas of Mediterranean Interest) List (Anonymous, 1999). In
order to meet these criteria, this study aims to update the overall status of species
within the Capo Carbonara Marine Protected Area (CCMPA) with an emphasis on
species of conservation interest.
Materials and methods - The study was carried out at the CCMPA (39° 07’
N, 09° 32’ E) managed by the Municipality of Villasimius (SE Sardinia, Italy). An
extensive survey on the existing data, including grey literature, was carried out to list
the presence of coastal and marine species, protected or not. Sixty-three documents
on fauna and flora species, dating since 1997 to 2010, were explored: 13 papers on
specialized scientific journals, 5 abstracts or congress presentations, 3 master or PhD
thesis, 1 feasibility study, 41 technical reports on monitoring activities carried out at
the CCMPA or in the municipality of Villasimius. The presence of species observed
by local divers or fishermen, but not identified in any documents, were verified by
land, boat and/or skin and scuba diving. For each protected species according to
the SPA/BIO protocol, when possible, an assessment of abundance and conservation
status were pointed out.
Results and conclusions - Overall, 951 species were detected: 801 fauna species
(153 coastal, 648 marine) and 150 flora species (78 coastal, 72 marine). With reference
to species of conservation interest, 104 species are listed in the main international
agreements and conventions on the conservation of nature also covering the sea (i.e.
Berna and Washington conventions, Habitat and Birds directives); 49 (25 Invertebrates,
20 Vertebrates and 4 Plants) are considered protected species according to the SPA/
BIO protocol (Tab. 1).
F. Frau, M.F. Cinti, B. Paliaga, I. Guala
310
Tab. 1 - Protected species detected in the CCMPA. A=abundance (c=common; p=present;
s=sporadic); C=conservation status (e=excellent; g=good).
Specie protette nell’AMP Capo Carbonara. A=abbondanza (c=comune; p=presente; s=sporadico);
C=stato di conservazione (e=eccellente; g=buono).
sp. plur.
sp. plur.
sp.
This work highlighted the presence of other 34 protected species over those
identified in a previous survey carried out on sublittoral rocky bottoms (Guala et
al., 2010). Such a large number of protected species makes the CCMPA of great
relevance not only for the conservation interests but also for scientific, aesthetic and
cultural aspects. As a consequence the CCMPA, should reasonably be considered
an eligible candidate to be part of the SPAMI list. However, this work highlights
the significance of more detailed investigations, and the needs of quantitative
investigations in order to assess the magnitude of biodiversity in the CCMPA and to
get useful tools for conservation purposes.
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Protected species according to the SPA/BIO protocol present in the Marine Protected Area Capo Carbonara
311
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