WWF Standards of Conservation
Project & Programme Management
Definizione dei Target di conservazione
Versione: Settembre, 2008
Corrado Teofili
WWF Program Management
Cycle
1. Define
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Initial team
Scope & vision
Features/targets
Context & stakeholders
5. Share
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2. Design
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Lessons
Products
Feedback & evaluation
Learning culture
4. Analyze/Adapt
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Incoming data
Results & assumptions
Operational functions
Plans & budgets
Goals & objectives
Strategic activities
Monitoring plan
Operational plan
3. Implement
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Workplans & budgets
Fund raising
Capacity building
Partnerships
Gli standards sono stati sviluppati con lo scopo di facilitare i
progetti/programmi di conservazione nel:
• descrivere prospettive (vision) a lungo termine
• stabilire presupposti fondamentali (key assumptions),
• sviluppare attività efficaci,
• valutare e misurare i risultati,
• e quindi, se necessario, adattare e diffondere/condividere,
• imparare dall’esperienza, applicando il paradigma della Gestione Adattativa
Al fine di realizzare progetti/programmi più efficaci ed efficienti
These standards are rooted in a long history of planning and management in WWF, across other conservation organizations, and in other
disciplines.
•They are not meant to be a rigid set of standards that every project must blindly follow, but rather a set of best practices that
conservationists can use.
The Adaptive Management “Loop”
Target
(OBIETTIVI)
Obiettivo
raggiunto?
Risorsa
gestita
Si
Monitoraggio
N
o
Programma
alternativo
GESTIONE ADATTATIVA:
un processo di acquisizione sistematica e successiva applicazione di informazioni
affidabili al fine di migliorare l’efficacia della gestione nel tempo.
STEP 1
1. Define
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


Initial team
Scope & vision
Features/targets
Context & stakeholders
WWF’s
Conservation
Project/Programme
Cycle
Step 1 - Define
1.1 Program Team
- Roles and
responsibilities
1.2 Scope & Vision
- Maps
- Vision Statement
1.3 Biodiversity Targets
- Species
- Habitats
- Ecological Processes
1.4 Context & Stakeholders
- Stakeholder Analysis
- Conceptual Model
- Threats Ranking
STEP 2
Step 2 - Design
1. Define




Initial team
Scope & vision
Features/targets
Context & stakeholders
2. Design
WWF’s
Conservation
Project/Programme
Cycle
 Action plan
 Monitoring plan
 Operational plan
2.1 Action Plan
- Strategies (results
chains)
- Goals (for targets)
- Objectives (for threats)
- Activities
2.2 Monitoring Plan
- Activity Metrics
- Financial Metrics
- Status Indicators
2.3 Operational Plan
- Capacity Assessment
- Financial Plan
- Risk Assessment
- Exit Strategy
Define
Step 1
1.1 Definizione del gruppo di lavoro e piano preliminare
1.2 Definizione dell’ambito geografico (scope) d’intervento della
prospettiva a lungo termine (vision)
1.3 Definizione dei “bersagli” di conservazione (targets)
1.4 Analisi del contesto e dei portatori d’interesse (stakeholders)
Define Targets
Step 1
Target di biodiversità : gli ecosistemi, le
specie, i processi ecologici sui quali un
progetto ha deciso di concentrarsi.
I target di biodiversità dovrebbero
essere in grado di rappresentare tutta la
biodiversità alla scala del sito .
Define Targets
Step 1
Ecosystems
Assemblages of communities that occur together
on the landscape; linked by environmental
processes
Terrestrial, freshwater, marine
Species
Endemic, area-sensitive, globally or regionally
significant
Imperiled, endangered, special concern
Groupings of species with similar conservation
requirements
Ecological Processes
Processes that create and maintain biodiversity that
are threatened
Hydrologic or fire regimes, migration, protection of
nursery & recruitment areas
Lumping or Splitting Targets?
“Lump” conservation targets if they meet all of the
following tests:
• Co-occur on the landscape
• Require similar ecological processes
• Have similar viability status
• Have similar threats
Therefore will require similar conservation strategies
Examples
• Fish & mussel assemblages
• Grasslands & grassland nesting birds
• Matrix forest & embedded plant community
Example: Bering Sea Targets
• Vision: That the Bering Sea has healthy, abundant, and
diverse populations of invertebrates, fish, birds, marine
mammals, and people.
Dozens of
Biodiversity
Targets:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Kittiwakes
Murres
Cormorants
Northern fur seal
Stellar sea lion
Harbor seal
Pacific salmon
Pollock
Spectacled eider
Walrus
Polar bear
Sea otter
Kelp forests
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Orca
Gray whale
Beluga whale
Rockfish
Crab
Coral & sponge gardens
Juvenile fish & shellfish
Herring
Pribilof rock sandpiper
Pribilof shrew
Pribilof arctic fox
Aleutian whitlow grass
Black-footed brown lemming
Passerines
Example: Bering Sea Targets
9 Strategic Targets to Facilitate Planning
• Kittiwakes
• Murres
• Cormorants
1. Seabirds
• Orca
• Gray whale
• Beluga whale
2. Pinnipeds
• Rockfish
• Crab
• Coral & sponge gardens
•
3. Pelagic Fish
• Juvenile fish & shellfish
• Herring
• Pribilof rock sandpiper
• Spectacled eider
• Walrus
• Polar bear
•
•
4. Sea Ice
ecosystem
• Sea otter
• Kelp forests
•
5. Sea otter
•
• Northern fur seal
•
• Stellar sea lion
• Harbor seal
• Pacific salmon
• Pollock
•
•
•
•
Pribilof shrew
Pribilof arctic fox
Aleutian whitlow grass
Black-footed brown
lemming
• Passerines
•6. Whales
•7. Bottom Dwelling
•
Fish & Crab
•8. Coastal Lagoons
•
& Freshwater
•
Wetlands
•9. Maritime
•
Insular Tundra
The project area is defined by the targets
… not vice versa
Functional
Site (River
Beach)
Tiger Beetle
Connecticut
River
Tidelands
Project
Coastal Dunes
Brackish Marsh
Freshwater Marsh
Riverine System
Matrix Forest
Tiger Beetle
Functional Landscape
(Targets at Multiple Scales)
Watershed
Freshwat
er Marsh
Matrix
Forest
Functional Site
(Proximate Buffer)
Brackish
Marsh
Functional Site (Barrier Beach/Dunes)
Coastal Dune Complex
Il processo di definizione di
Target di Conservazione
per la Regione Toscana
processo:
1. individuazione di un set (6-8) di target di
conservazione in grado di rappresentare l’intero
panorama della biodiversità regionale.
2. definizione di target “nidificati” sufficienti a
rappresentare la complessità della biodiversità a scala
regionale
3. individuazione di attributi ecologici (indicatori)
adeguati grazie alla misura dei quali sia possibile
migliorare nel tempo l’efficiacia delle azioni di
conservazione