RICH UPGRADE PROJECT
STATUS REPORT
09-06-2015 @CERN
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università di Genova and INFN
on behalf of the RICH group
Outline
A necessarily incomplete and biased selection of topics.
 Common components to RICH1 and RICH2:
 MAPMT, BaseBoard, CLARO/FEB, BackBoard, MagneticShield (MS),
+ case  …ElementaryCell (EC);
 EC + PDMDB
+ column structure  … PhotoDetectorModule (PDM).
 PhotoDetectorAssembly (PDA) Mechanics/Thermal engineering:
 RICH2, well advanced design;
 RICH1, working hard, more challenging design (constraints).
 HV, LV, signal; grounding and shielding.
 Irradiation test program.
 QA.
 Test Beam.
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
2
The photo-sensors: MAPMT
 Hamamatsu R11265 (one inch, 64 px): RICH1 AND RICH2;
 “Small PMT”.
 Hamamatsu R12699 (two inch, 64 px): RICH2 ONLY;
 “Large PMT”.
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
3
R11265 characterization
 Several devices were tested.
 All devices were able to detect single
photons in almost all pixels.
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
4
R11265 characterization
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Typical gain uniformity: 2.5÷3.5 (pix to pix and tube to tube).
Low dark current rate: ∼ 60 Hz/cm2.
Low cross-talk amplitude: ∼ 5 % with a fast bipolar shape.
Effects of magnetic field recovered by a magnetic shield.
According to the manufacturer the gain variation strongly
depends on the thickness of the cesium layer grown on the
dynodes surface (a parameter hard to keep under control
during the production).
 Hard to define a typical device behavior (both positive and
negative gain variation observed: ΔG ≅ ∓20% after 3000 h).
 Aging data from Hamamatsu are ok for us.
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
5
MaPMT R12699 (H12700)
Feature
Geometrical
dimension
Photocathode
minimum active area
Number of pixel and
dimension
R12699
52×52 mm2
48.5×48.5 mm2
64 / 6×6 mm2
 To be used in the outer part of the RICH2.
 Four devices have been tested so far:
 2 tubes equipped with the embedded socked: H12700;
 2 tubes without socket and biased though a custom made
voltage divider (standard voltage ratio): R12699.
 It is being used at CBM RICH DETECTOR, FAIR lab in Darmstadt.
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
6
The CLARO chip
fast single photon counting with PMT
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
7
The CLARO chip
 0.35 µm CMOS technology from ams.
 Rad tolerant up to ≈ 1 MRad (10 kGy),
≈ 1013 cm-2 1-MeV equivalent neutrons.
 Thresholds ranges from 30 ke- to 15 Me-.
 ≈ 1 mW/channel power consumption.
 < 25 ns recovery time.
 8 channels per chip.
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
8
CLARO8v2 – design
 Aiming to build the best detector possible, within the
constraints, a new version of the chip, CLARO8v2, was
submitted in April.
 Improvements with respect to the previous versions:
 improved channel-to-channel matching;
 larger (6x) test capacitors to inject test signals up to 4 Mewith 1 V test signals;
 adjusted attenuation settings:
from 1, 1/4, 1/7, 1/10 to 1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8;
 configuration register redesigned for compatibility with radhard cells;
 power-on reset to switch on the chip in a known state;
 additional measures to enhance yield.
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
9
CLARO8v2 – channel matching
CLARO8v0
CLARO8v1
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
CLARO8v2
09-06-2015 @CERN
10
FEB housing 8 CLARO chips
 New FEB and BackBoard have been designed to be
compatible with the changes of the CLARO8v2.
 They are still compatible with previous versions of the CLARO
and with the existing data acquisition hardware for beam test.
 A very dense board…
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
11
A partially assembled EC
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
12
BackBoard
 Every PCB is also
a structural element and part of the passive cooling system.
 Jumper between signal ground and chassis
 Metallization of the mounting holes.
 Creation of copper filler areas.
 Improvements to electrical design.
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
13
EC (no MS) exploded view
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
14
EC front-view (no MS)
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
15
EC back-view (no MS)
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
16
Behavior of the R11265 MAPMT
in magnetic fields
Efficiency: number of events for a given B-field strength
normalized to the number of events at zero B-field.
Efficiency curves averaged over all pixels of the R11265 and the R7600 as
a function of the magnetic field applied in both transverse directions (x
and y) and in the longitudinal direction (z).
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
17
Magnetic shield
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
18
Behavior of the R11265 MAPMT
in magnetic fields with magnetic shield
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
19
MS prototypes made at CERN
preliminary results
 Longitudinal B field:
similar performance, efficiency≥ 90%;
 Transverse B field:
slightly better performance of full shield, efficiency≥ 95%.
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
20
PDMDB
Digital Electronic Board for a PDM
 The limited number of sample components is not enough to
make one fully-assembled PDMDB.
 Aim for a partially-assembled module modules using
DCDC, GBTX, VTTX, VTRX & GBT-SCA samples.
 Design & layout is underway:
 motherboard with Kintex7;
 two different plugins, ECS & DAQ;
 motherboard could be made with production PDMDB
geometry: it would allow mechanical and thermal studies.
 May need to replace the PDMDB due to radiation damage,
after a certain number of years of operation.
 Using sub-modules might be a benefit for the production.
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
21
RICH2 thermo/mechanics
 Structure composed by a cooled aluminum structural bar.
 Support for harness coupled to cold bar.
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
227
RICH2 column first prototypes
AW5083 cast aluminum alloy plate
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
23
Housing of the EC and PDMDB
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
24
Thermal Conduction simulation
 Overall dissipation per EC: 15 W/EC (total).
 Cooling of CLARO and BaseBoard depends on the conductivity
of PCB and connectors. Conductivity of connectors?
 A factor 1000 between the conductivities of Cu and FR4:
small quantities of copper changes dramatically the expected
conductivity and thermal simulation results.
 Neglected: contact resistances, convection, irradiation…
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
25
Very preliminary CFD simulations
(duct to coolant thermal exchange)
 To reduce gradient 2 or more ducts shall be fluxed in
opposite directions.
 Large ducts: low speed and coolant stratification:
inefficient exchange.
 Ducts cross section to be modified to reduce stratification
and increase exchange coefficient (e.g. inserts).
Two ducts, 8 and 18 mm diam...
Larger duct quite inefficient ..
Both ducts with cylindrical inserts to
leave 1 mm thick anular
x-section...
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
26
RICH2 PDA layout
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
27
Converging on a RICH1
engineering design
 Large boost in the last months, regular meetings.
 The intention is to design the RICH1 photon detector region to
allow an emergency intervention in a short technical stop of
5÷7 days (e.g. to replace EC).
 Optical design finalized (i.e. fine tuned) via iterations taking
into account a realistic engineering design.
 Position of the photo-detector plane: now closer to beam line.
 Mirror radius of curvature adjusted (3800 mm  3650 mm).
 Quartz window position: at around its position in current RICH1.
 The iron shielding box will be shaved by around ~70 mm (with
gas enclosure tapered from 30 mm to 10 mm).
 Converging on an open geometry for MAPMT housing.
 Can remove about 20 mm (10mm) from the top (bottom) of the
flat mirrors without any loss.
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
28
Re-Using RICH2 components
RICH1 will inherit as
much of the RICH2
design as possible.
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
29
One Option
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
30
Current option
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
31
Patch Panel End
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
32
Cooling system end
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
33
Column insertion
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
34
RICH1 engineering
summary status
 Also good progress on the development of the gas enclosure,
photon funnel, quartz window, exit window, mirrors and mounts.
 Things are progressing quite nicely, although no room for
complacency.
 EDRs still on schedule for the end of the year.
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
35
SYSTEM: grounding/shielding
 Started investigating closely grounding and shielding issues.
 HV and signal are coupled.
 HV and LV couple different EC/PDM.
 Kick-off meeting sponsored by Ken with a CERN G/S expert
(Georges Blanchot).
 Analyzed PDA at system level and decided architecture
aiming at minimizing EMI at design level.
 The required improvements have been implemented into the
design.
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
36
Past irradiation tests
 CLARO-CMOS chip (4 channels prototype):
 23 MeV neutrons (Louvain);
 X-rays (50 kV tube, Legnaro);
 60 MeV protons (Krakow).
 CLARO8v0 chip:
 28 MeV protons (Legnaro).
 Hamamatsu UV-glass and borosilicate windows:
 28 MeV protons (Legnaro).
 BaseBoard and HV cables:
 CHARM facility (CERN).
 CLARO8v1 chip:
 Ions (Louvain and Legnaro);
 28 MeV protons (Legnaro).
 MAROC3 chip
 13 MeV protons and X-rays (Bucharest).
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
37
Future irradiation tests
 CLARO8v2 (SEE and total ionizing dose).
 PDMDB (test of FPGA +memory, radiation tolerance).
 MAPMT (degradation of QE, gain, uniformity; unfold window
transmittance).
 Other EC single components.
 Complete PDM (EC + PDMDB).
 Other thermo/mechanical and optical components.
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
38
QA workshop in Edinburgh (april 2015)
 Comprehensive review of Quality Assurance (QA):
 photo-sensors (MAPMT);
 CLARO chip;
 FEB & CLARO;
 full EC;
 data-bases, logistics, integration, commissioning, …
 Emphasis on discussions:
 schedules;
 procedural and technical solutions;
 manpower….
 Outcome:
 agreed plans: all players are pulling in the same direction!
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
39
What will be tested
 MAPMT: full characterization: tube & pixel gain (HV) (at low and
high illumination rate), dark counts, peak-to-valley ratio, signal
loss, cross-talk, relative light yield (for some tubes: QE).
 CLARO: currents, configure, readback, test pulse, charge
injection.
 FEB: s-curves for test pulse and charge injection (yielding
thresholds and offsets).
 EC: threshold scans with constant pulsed illumination at nominal
HV (yielding optimum attenuation/threshold for each pixel).
 Column functionality tests: communication and configuration fully
functional, dark counts, signal from illumination at nominal HV.
 Commissioning:
 initial configuration from QA results, HV scans with dark counts
and illumination, threshold/attenuation scans with target HV;
 refinement of configuration.
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
40
Industry
Workflow / Logistics
?
?
?
?
?
Back Board
production
CLARO chip
production
FEB
production
EC mechanics
production
Base Board
production
Hamamatsu
R11265 & R12669
production
* = outsourced
Padova
Ferrara
Milano
Krakow
Genova
Photon Detector QA
Photon Detector QA
CLARO QA
CLARO QA*
CLARO QA
mech QA?
FEB QA
FEB QA
FEB QA
BB QA
LHCb QA centres
Edinburgh
BB QA
Cambridge
EC Assembly
EC QA
EC Assembly:
2x2 R11265
1x1 H12699
+ Digital Boards
EC QA
DB QA
CERN?
CERN
m-metal Assembly
CERN
EC Assembly
+ m-metal
EC Mounting on Columns
shipments:
by industry
electronic components
Column Functionality Test
Photon Detectors
no shipment needed
LHCb pit
Commissioning
ECs
CERN site to pit
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
41
Column Assembly and Commissioning
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
42
Test-Beam 2014
 An easy and robust concept was
developed.
 Cherenkov light was immediately
observed.
 We learnt many things, but still a lot to
learn…
 A paper is being written.
 At first the light is totally
internal reflected
 Reflective layer on the
spherical surface
 Absorber layer to choose
the photons created in 1
cm of material.
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
43
Photo of one TB module.
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
44
Defining procedures
of threshold scan
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
45
RICH testbeam 2015
 Follow the same concept as 2014.
 Main objectives:
 Test CLARO8v2
 Reach lower threshold
Understand better detection efficiency
 Test a bigger system
More/full elementary cells
 Test under different loads/temperatures
 Test prototype mechanics?
 If time allows:
 Test with gas radiator.
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
46
New full circular lens
 A few materials were investigated for lenses: Glass, Quartz, LiF,
CaF2; different sizes and radiuses.
 Although with some materials a better resolution can be
achieved, the dominant part is always the pixel size.
 Borosilicate glass is cheap and readily available.
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
47
First concept
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
48
RICH upgrade status summary
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Tests of both types of MAPMT are continuing (R11265 and R12699).
BaseBoard for MAPMT ready for pre-production; case in pre-production.
CLARO8v2.0 submitted beginning of April; back mid-August.
FEB and BackBoard design finalized.
Last adjustments to all EC components, following EDR and TB.
Study/definition of grounding/shielding scheme (LV, HV, Signal, safety…).
Design of components for the low-occupancy parts of RICH2 (R12699) started.
Prototypes of column thermo/mechanics are ready.
Cooling studies/design started.
RICH1 challenging engineering is progressing fast; optical layout fine-tuned.
Irradiation program on-going.
QA and tests facilities sorted out; labs are setting-up.
Paper on 2014 TB 2014 is being written; preparing for the test beams of 2015.
Inventory/Bookkeeping/Connectivity DB is being built.
Infrastructure Document for Technical Coordination being finalized.
Order for MAPMT and common components will soon go out.
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
49
The End
 Good progress all over the project.
 Schedule and Milestones are being tuned, in agreement and
via negotiations with the management, to also take into
account external (varying) schedules.
Alessandro Petrolini
Dipartimento di Fisica UNIGE and INFN.
09-06-2015 @CERN
50