La rete di distribuzione del
futuro: Smart Grids
Roma, 10/06/2015
Enel Distribuzione
2014
La Società
 Personale:
16.890
Dimensione del Business
 Clienti:
31.6 M
 Clienti Passivi connessi (Y2014)
 Generazione Distribuita connessa (Y2014):
2.3 GW
 DGs connessi al 2014
 Market share - Clienti
592.000
0,6 GW (52.000)
85%
La Rete
 1.130.000 km di linee: MT 350.000 km; BT 780.000 km
 2.100 cabine AT/MT, tutte controllate da remoto
 430.000 cabine MT/BT, 30% controllate da remoto
 28 Centri di Controllo
2
Enel Distribuzione sul territorio
Macro Area Territoriale Nord Ovest
Macro Area Territoriale Nord Est
Macro Area Territoriale Nord Centro
Macro Area Territoriale Nord Sud
11 Distribuzioni Territoriali Rete
 Piemonte e Liguria
 Lombardia
 Triveneto

Emilia Romagna e Marche
 Toscana e Umbria
 Lazio, Abruzzo e Molise
 Sardegna
 Campania
 Puglia e Basilicata
 Calabria
 Sicilia
3
Traditional Power Network
Distributed Generation
Necessary evolving of power lines
•
Cost reduction of
conversion and
generation
technologies
•
Feed in Tariff
for green energy
production
• Spread of DGs
randomly located on
the grid with randomly
injection of power
Distributed Generation
Rete Italia 2014
NORD-OVEST
137.865 connessioni
26,2
Non-RES
Hydro
Bio&Waste
2,2
1,1
2,5
Solare
16,5
5.551 MW
NORD-EST
194.341 connessioni
6.483 MW
CENTRO
149.850 connessioni
109.911 connessioni
6.178 MW
Eolico
8.028 MW
3,9
Potenza connessa
(GW)
SUD
591.967 connessioni
26.240 MW
6
Why Smart Grids are requested
“The Smart Grid will be a customer-centered, interactive, reliable, flexible,
optimal, economical, economically responsive and, ultimately, a sustainable
and environmentally responsible electrical power generation and distribution
system. Electric utilities must play a key role in its development.”
Smart Grid Technology Innovation Group Report, Tokyo Summit 2010
Towards intelligent networks
Implementing Smart Grids
Advantages
•
Improving Power Quality
•
Increase efficiency of power systems
•
Reducing pollution
•
Reducing system losses
•
Supporting large-scale penetration of small-scale
DGS
•
Reducing primary energy consumption
•
Creation of green jobs
Implementing Smart Grids
Critical items
Network devices
potentially critical
Critical issues in the electrical
network management system
Feeder circuit breakers
Voltage regulation
Protection devices
Harmonic pollution
Conductors
Grid disconnection
On Load Tap Changer (OLTC)
Islanding
Voltage regulation
Optimal voltage regulation is one
of the main issues to address in a
Smart Grid context
Traditional Voltage Regulation
On Load Tap Changing Transformer
Traditional Voltage Regulator Strategies applied in MV distribution
systems could be not able to manage high penetration of DG plants


Not able to manage active feeder
Fail when the HV/MV power flow partially or completely reverses
12
Energy Storage System
One possible solution

Renewable sources integration

Peak load leveling

Power quality improvement

Islanding operation
13
Energy Storage System
What kind of storage
[MW]
Short-Term Response Energy Storage (Seconds)
Pumping Hydro
Long-Term Response Energy Storage (Hours)

Electrochemical
Real Long-Term Response Energy Storage (Days)

Compressed air

Super-capacitor

SMES

Fuel cell
MWh

MWh
Seconds Hours
MWh
Days
[Time]
14
Simulation
A power flow problem

1 HV/MV Transformer (25MVA)

12 MV buses (2 dedicated to DGs)

366 nodes

PVGIS model

Annual load curve

PV nominal power installed 23MW

MatPower environment
15
Simulation results
Power (MW)
January
PV production
Power flow
Power absorption
Time (h)
16
Simulation results
Power (MW)
February
PV production
Power flow
Power absorption
Time (h)
17
Simulation results
Power (MW)
April
PV production
Power flow
Power absorption
Time (h)
18
Simulation results
Power (MW)
August
PV production
Power flow
Power absorption
Time (h)
19
Islanding
“A condition in which a portion of the utility system that contains both
loads and distributed resources remains energized while isolated from
the remainder of the utility system” .
(IEEE Std. 100-2000 )
20
Why islanding occurs
Line disconnection
+
Power balance between
source and load
High probability that
Islanding occurs
In this case normal protections does not
stop the DG to energized the Point of
Common Coupling (PCC)
IEEE Std. 929-2000
21
Islanding
Critical items

Safety issues for the line workers

Distributed inverters and generally customers devices could be damaged

Responsibility of DSO towards customers
22
How Islanding occurs
MV/LV substation
Feeder circuit breaker: on
Feeder circuit breaker: off
micro-grids
Pload
Rp =
PGD
23
Implemented Smart Grids technologies
EV charging
infrastructure Mgt:
Smart Metering
Infrastructure:








Remote meter reading and mgt
LV monitoring and Outages Mgt
Fraud detection and balancing
Reliable billing
Fast switching
Data validation and settlement
Active Demand and VAS
enabled (Smart Info)



Monitoring and control of
charging process
Interoperable and
Multivendor EV charging
Vehicle-to-Grid and VAS
enabled
Load Shaping, load
flexibility
DER Integration:
Network Management:





Remote Control and Automation
Monitoring in real time
Planning and Maintenance
Information Exchange with the TSO
Information Exchange with PA







DER monitoring
Forecasting
Information Exchange with the TSO
DER control
Voltage regulation
Local Dispatching
Storage
24
E-Mobility
Main projects in Italy
E-Mobility Italy
Roma, Milano, Pisa
Primo progetto in Italia.
Partnership Enel-Mercedes
Siena
Fornitura 43 infrastrutture per rete
pubblica
Smart City
Bari, Genova, L’Aquila
Mobilità Elettrica per le Smart Cities
Progetti Europei
Enel – Poste Italiane
Fornitura di oltre 400 Infrastrutture di
ricarica
Consegna della posta a “Zero emissioni”
Protocollo Ikea
Infrastrutture di ricarica in tutti gli store
italiani (Rete Pubblica)
Progetto Regione Emilia-Romagna
Bologna, Reggio Emilia, Rimini, Piacenza, Ferrara,
Ravenna, Forlì,
Cesena,Parma,Maranello,Formigine,Modena,Imola
Interoperabilità con Distributori Hera ed Iren
Progetto Umbria
13 città d’arte
(Assisi,Orvieto,Perugia. Spoleto…)
Interoperabilità con ASM Terni
Accordo Roma Capitale-Enel-Acea
Roma
Interoperabilità con Acea
Progetto Hinterland di Milano
Assago, Rho, San Donato Milanese,
Segrate, Sesto San Giovanni,
Interoperabilità con Disiributore A2A
Matera – Capitale Europea della Cultura
Protocollo per mobilità convergente con
Brindisi (Aeroporto) e Lecce
Protocollo Enel Eni
Infrastruttura Fast Recharge presso
Eni Station su superstrade e autostrade.
Prima installazione Pomezia
1.600 Infrastrutture di Ricarica in Italia, 2.500 in Europa
25
Enel Smart grids
Main projects in Italy
Durata : 2011-2015
L’AQUILA SMART CITY
Durata: 2014 - 2016
Durata : maggio – ottobre 2015
Durata : 2012-2015
Proposal under
evaluation
PIANO OPERATIVO REGIONALE
PUGLIA ACTIVE
NETWORK
POR CAMPANIA
Durata : 2014-2015
Durata : 2014-2018
PIANO OPERATIVO INTERREGIONALE
Durata : 2009-2015
PROGETTO ISERNIA
Durata : 2011-2015
26
Enel Distribuzione for EXPO 2015
Smart Grid
 Innovative control and fault
detection system for management
and operation of the electricity
distribution network
 Storage System and
integration of renewable
energy sources
 Enel electric mobility
 Operation Center to
infrastructure (with Pole Charging
monitor and control all the
 8.500 lighting points LED
Stations) to recharge the Expo
technologies with high efficiency electrical parameters
Electrical Vehicles
27
Active Energy Management
The Site
28
EXPO 215
Feeding the planet energy for life
29