A Multidimensional and Participatory Approach for
Green Buildings Assessment
A. Oppio, S. Mattia, A. Pandolfi, M. Ghellere
ERES Conference 2010
Università Commerciale Luigi Bocconi
Milan, 23-26 june 2010
Introduction
Multidimensional valuation and decision making processes
•
•
•
The development of complex decision making processes has
encouraged the involvement of different stakeholders in the evaluation
procedures and tools
Multi-criteria evaluations are increasingly being used in deliberative
evaluation processes, addressing research experiences and
applications towards this new challenge: to give broader and stronger
meaning and consistency to the outcomes of decision making
processes
The need for evaluation tools aiding complex decisions comes from
the consciousness about uncertainty that requires to focus more on
the process than on the outcomes
Introduction
The SBTool Model
Critical Review of SBTool
Addressing SBTool to MCDA
Un approccio
multidimensionale e
partecipato alla
valutazione del progetto :
il modello SBTool
FACOLTA’
ARCHITETTURA
E SOCIETA
DIPARTIMENTO BEST
Building Environment
Science & Technology
A Multidimensional
Convegno SIEV
and Participatory
“Sistemi di valutazione
Approach
per
le nuove for Green
pianificazioni”
Buildings
Assessment
Venezia
22 Novembre 2008
A.Oppio
S.Mattia
A.
Oppio
A.Panfolfi
M.
Ghellere
M.Ghellere
A.
Pandolfi
Conclusions
Introduction
Un approccio
multidimensionale e
partecipato alla
valutazione del progetto :
il modello SBTool
Contents
•
Green Building Challenge (Gbc) sustainability valuation models
– evolution
– strenghts and weaknesses
•
•
Theoretical principles of Multicriteria Decision Aid Analysis
(Mcda)
Review of SBTool Model
–
–
–
–
•
Convegno SIEV
Approach for Green
“Sistemi di valutazione
Buildings
per
le nuove
pianificazioni”
Assessment
Venezia
22 Novembre 2008
Valuation as tool for supporting decision making processes
The SBTool Model
Critical Review of SBTool
DIPARTIMENTO BEST
Building Environment
Science
& Technology
A Multidimensional
and Participatory
Valuation process
Analytical Framework
Choice of criteria
Weights assignment to the criteria
Introduction
FACOLTA’
ARCHITETTURA
E SOCIETA
Addressing SBTool to MCDA
A.Oppio
S.Mattia
A.A.Panfolfi
Oppio
M.Ghellere
M.
Ghellere
A. Pandolfi
Conclusions
Introduction
Un approccio
multidimensionale e
partecipato alla
valutazione del progetto :
il modello SBTool
Theorethical principles of Mcda
 Assumptions:
 Increasing decisional complexity
 Increasing of conflicts in deliberation processes
 Tool for decision making processes:




FACOLTA’
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Organizing available information
Considering effects of actions
Exploring stakeholders’ expectations
Minimizing likelihood of disappointment
DIPARTIMENTO BEST
Building Environment
Science
& Technology
A Multidimensional
and Participatory
Convegno SIEV
Approach for Green
“Sistemi di valutazione
Buildings
per
le nuove
pianificazioni”
Assessment
 Common features of methods and techniques:
Venezia
22 Novembre 2008
A.Oppio
S.Mattia
A.A.Panfolfi
Oppio
M.Ghellere
M.
Ghellere
A. Pandolfi
 Different options and valuation criteria
 Involvement of several stakeholder
 Considering uncertainty
Introduction
The SBTool Model
Critical Review of SBTool
Addressing SBTool to MCDA
Conclusions
The SBTool Model
Un approccio
multidimensionale e
partecipato alla
valutazione del progetto :
il modello SBTool
The SBTool Model: general features
 6 excel file connected
 3 levels of valuation
 Issues (1. Site selection, Project Planning & Devel., 2. Energy & Resources consumption, 3.
Environmental Loadings, 4. Indoor Environmental Quality, 5. Quality of Service, 6. Social and
economic aspects, 7. Cultural and Perceptual aspects)
 Categories
 Criteri a
DIPARTIMENTO BEST
Building Environment
Science
& Technology
A Multidimensional
 Range of score from -1 to 5:




and Participatory
-1 extremely negative performance
0 lowest acceptable performance level
3 good construction practice
5 best practice
Convegno SIEV
Approach for Green
“Sistemi di valutazione
Buildings
per
le nuove
pianificazioni”
Assessment
Venezia
22 Novembre 2008
 Involvement of different stakeholders in the decision making
process
 Design team
 Evaluator
 Third subject
Introduction
The SBTool Model
Critical Review of SBTool
FACOLTA’
ARCHITETTURA
E SOCIETA
Addressing SBTool to MCDA
A.Oppio
S.Mattia
A.A.Panfolfi
Oppio
M.Ghellere
M.
Ghellere
A. Pandolfi
Conclusions
The SBTool Model
The SBTool Model: selection and weights’
assignment to the criteria
 The selection and the weights’ assignment is committed to a third
subject (indipendent) in order to give transparency to the evaluation
process
 Weights’ assignment is carried out in 2 different ways:
 ISSUES, CATEGORIES: weights go from 1, that represents a low
importance, to 5, except for issues and categories considered
Mandatory. In these cases must be assigned weights higher than 3. The
default weighting system gives more importance to the environmental
issues (Energy and Resources consumption, Environmental Loadings
and Indoor Environmental Quality)
 CRITERIA: a score from 1 to 3 is assigned to each criterion, referring to
the extent (global or regional; urban or neighborhood; building or site),
the intensity (strong or direct; moderate or indirect; weak) and the
duration (>50 years; >10 years; <10 years ) of potential effects on the
environment.
Introduction
The SBTool Model
Critical Review of SBTool
Addressing SBTool to MCDA
Un approccio
multidimensionale e
partecipato alla
valutazione del progetto :
il modello SBTool
FACOLTA’
ARCHITETTURA
E SOCIETA
DIPARTIMENTO BEST
Building Environment
Science
& Technology
A Multidimensional
and Participatory
Convegno SIEV
Approach for Green
“Sistemi di valutazione
Buildings
per
le nuove
pianificazioni”
Assessment
Venezia
22 Novembre 2008
A.Oppio
S.Mattia
A.A.Panfolfi
Oppio
M.Ghellere
M.
Ghellere
A. Pandolfi
Conclusions
Critical Review of SBTool
Un approccio
multidimensionale e
partecipato alla
valutazione del progetto :
il modello SBTool
Critical review of the valuation process
STRENGHTS
Transparency
WEAKNESSES
Valuation is time-consuming
Involvement of different subjects
There aren’t social and economical
indicators about the context
Data are easy to plug in
The role of Stakeholders in the
valuation process is not active
Flexible use
Data about environmental loadings are
difficult to find
It’s possible to fit the valuation model to
different contexts
FACOLTA’
ARCHITETTURA
E SOCIETA
DIPARTIMENTO BEST
Building Environment
Science
& Technology
A Multidimensional
and Participatory
Convegno SIEV
Approach for Green
“Sistemi di valutazione
Buildings
per
le nuove
pianificazioni”
Assessment
Venezia
22 Novembre 2008
A.Oppio
S.Mattia
A.A.Panfolfi
Oppio
M.Ghellere
M.
Ghellere
A. Pandolfi
Introduction
The SBTool Model
Critical Review of SBTool
Addressing SBTool to MCDA
Conclusions
Critical Review of SBTool
Critical review of selection and weights’ assignment
to the criteria
STRENGHTS
Involvement of experts
WEAKNESSES
Only the third subject has the task to
assign the weights
Use of both quantitative and qualitative Weights of criteria don’t consider the
indicators
socio-economic features of the
context
Choice of criteria linked to the uses of Stakeholders are not involved both in
building and the different phases of life the choice and in the weights’
cycle
assignment of the criteria
Impacts of criteria on the context
Introduction
The SBTool Model
Un approccio
multidimensionale e
partecipato alla
valutazione del progetto :
il modello SBTool
Reasons of selection and weights’
assigment of the criteria are not
explicited
Critical Review of SBTool
Addressing SBTool to MCDA
FACOLTA’
ARCHITETTURA
E SOCIETA
DIPARTIMENTO BEST
Building Environment
Science
& Technology
A Multidimensional
and Participatory
Convegno SIEV
Approach for Green
“Sistemi di valutazione
Buildings
per
le nuove
pianificazioni”
Assessment
Venezia
22 Novembre 2008
A.Oppio
S.Mattia
A.A.Panfolfi
Oppio
M.Ghellere
M.
Ghellere
A. Pandolfi
Conclusions
Addressing SBTool to MCDA
Un approccio
multidimensionale e
partecipato alla
valutazione del progetto :
il modello SBTool
Development of SBTool
GENERAL GOALS
 To assess social and economic dimension of sustainability beside the
environmental one
 To open the decision making process to a broader number of subjects
by the active involvement in the evaluation process of:
 Decisional Stakeholder (DS): subject committed to take final decisions
 Non Decisional Stakeholder (NDS): holders of interest without any
decisional power on project/plan
 To find a balance between subjective aspects (preferences) and
objective aspects (data about the context: environmental, social and
economic impacts)
FACOLTA’
ARCHITETTURA
E SOCIETA
DIPARTIMENTO BEST
Building Environment
Science
& Technology
A Multidimensional
and Participatory
Convegno SIEV
Approach for Green
“Sistemi di valutazione
Buildings
per
le nuove
pianificazioni”
Assessment
Venezia
22 Novembre 2008
A.Oppio
S.Mattia
A.A.Panfolfi
Oppio
M.Ghellere
M.
Ghellere
A. Pandolfi
To solve main weaknesses of the software
Introduction
The SBTool Model
Critical Review of SBTool
Addressing SBTool to MCDA
Conclusions
Addressing SBTool to MCDA
Un approccio
multidimensionale e
partecipato alla
valutazione del progetto :
il modello SBTool
Development of SBTool
Actual version
THIRD
SOGGETTO
TERZO
SUBJECT
IMPACTS
OF
IMPATTI
CRITERIA
CRITERIO
FACOLTA’
ARCHITETTURA
E SOCIETA
Weights
-criteria
PESI
- CRITERI
(file Region)
DIPARTIMENTO BEST
Building Environment
Science
& Technology
A Multidimensional
and Participatory
Convegno SIEV
Approach for Green
“Sistemi di valutazione
Buildings
per
le nuove
pianificazioni”
Assessment
Weights -criteria
PESI - CRITERI
(file Project
Setting)
CONDIZIONI
CONTEXT
CONTESTO
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identificazione
directdiretta
identification
dimensione
Local levellocale
preferenze
preferences
input
dati
input
of data
Introduction
The SBTool Model
Regional level
A.Oppio
S.Mattia
A.A.Panfolfi
Oppio
M.Ghellere
M.
Ghellere
A. Pandolfi
dimensione regionale
Crtitical Review of SBTool
Addressing SBTool to MCDA
Conclusions
Addressing SBTool to MCDA
Development of SBTool/2
Variable subjectivity
New version
Constant objectivity
Un approccio
multidimensionale e
partecipato alla
valutazione del progetto :
il modello SBTool
FACOLTA’
ARCHITETTURA
E SOCIETA
DIPARTIMENTO BEST
Building Environment
Science
& Technology
A Multidimensional
and Participatory
Convegno SIEV
Approach for Green
“Sistemi di valutazione
Buildings
per
le nuove
pianificazioni”
Assessment
Venezia
22 Novembre 2008
A.Oppio
S.Mattia
A.A.Panfolfi
Oppio
M.Ghellere
M.
Ghellere
A. Pandolfi
Variable objectivity
Introduction
The SBTool Model
Crtitical Review of SBTool
Addressing SBTool to MCDA
Conclusions
Addressing SBTool to MCDA
Un approccio
multidimensionale e
partecipato alla
valutazione del progetto :
il modello SBTool
Development of SBTool
Use of different kind of analysis for selecting and weighting criteria:
1. Stakeholders’ analysis (Decisional Stakeholder, Non Decisional
Stakeholder) + Analysis of shared preferences
2. Context’s analysis
3. Analysis of impacts of criteria
Weights’ assignment at different valuation levels:
–
–
–
Issues = f(Preferences of all the stakeholders; Context’s analysis)
Categories = f(Preferences of all the stakeholders)
Criteria = f(Preferences of Decisional Stakeholders; Impacts of criteria)
FACOLTA’
ARCHITETTURA
E SOCIETA
DIPARTIMENTO BEST
Building Environment
Science
& Technology
A Multidimensional
and Participatory
Convegno SIEV
Approach for Green
“Sistemi di valutazione
Buildings
per
le nuove
pianificazioni”
Assessment
Venezia
22 Novembre 2008
A.Oppio
S.Mattia
A.A.Panfolfi
Oppio
M.Ghellere
M.
Ghellere
A. Pandolfi
Mixed use of objective and subjective data at key levels of valuation (issues and criteria)
Introduction
The SBTool Model
Crtitical Review of SBTool
Addressing SBTool to MCDA
Conclusions
Addressing SBTool to MCDA
Un approccio
multidimensionale e
partecipato alla
valutazione del progetto :
il modello SBTool
Stakeholders’ Analysis
Field of application: Issues and categories
1. All of the stakeholder involved both institutional and informal
2. Decisional Stakeholder (DS), who has the task of final decision (generally
Public Administration)
3. Questionnaire:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Characters of the stakeholder
Interest in the project
Role in the design process
Weights of criteria
Role in the valuation process
Capability of addressing vauation porcesses
Level of cooperation or conflict with other stakeholders
Resources
FACOLTA’
ARCHITETTURA
E SOCIETA
DIPARTIMENTO BEST
Building Environment
Science
& Technology
A Multidimensional
and Participatory
Convegno SIEV
Approach for Green
“Sistemi di valutazione
Buildings
per
le nuove
pianificazioni”
Assessment
Venezia
22 Novembre 2008
A.Oppio
S.Mattia
A.A.Panfolfi
Oppio
M.Ghellere
M.
Ghellere
A. Pandolfi
4. Score from 0 to 3 to the question in red
5. Mean Index of influence:
Index of influence= average of score assigned
Introduction
The SBTool Model
Critical Review of SBTool
Addressing SBTool to MCDA
Conclusions
Addressing SBTool to MCDA
Un approccio
multidimensionale e
partecipato alla
valutazione del progetto :
il modello SBTool
Analysis of shared preferences
Field of application: Issues and categories
1. To define the Homogeneity Index of Preferences
Homogeneity Index (Oi)= N° NDS eliciting the most shared preferencel/ Tot N°
NDS [%]
2. For each criterion to balance the NDS preferences with the DS ones:
Weight of criterion= [NDS weight(Oi0,67)] + DS Weight[1-(Oi0,67)]
where 0,67 is a reduction coefficient of the Oi in order to consider both the DS and the NDS
preferences
3. To distribute 50 scores among the issues and 100 scores among the
categories proportionally to the weight of the criterion in its own
evaluation level
Introduction
The SBTool Model
Critical Review of SBTool
Addressing SBTool to MCDA
FACOLTA’
ARCHITETTURA
E SOCIETA
DIPARTIMENTO BEST
Building Environment
Science
& Technology
A Multidimensional
and Participatory
Convegno SIEV
Approach for Green
“Sistemi di valutazione
Buildings
per
le nuove
pianificazioni”
Assessment
Venezia
22 Novembre 2008
A.Oppio
S.Mattia
A.A.Panfolfi
Oppio
M.Ghellere
M.
Ghellere
A. Pandolfi
Conclusions
Addressing SBTool to MCDA
Un approccio
multidimensionale e
partecipato alla
valutazione del progetto :
il modello SBTool
Report of NDS features
stakeholder 1
stakeholder 2
stakeholder 3
stakeholder 4
Moda aut
Moda
corr
Utilizzare scelte sostenibili di progetto
0
1
3
1
3
2
2
3
Limitare l'inquinamento dell'ambiente
3
3
3
3
Garantire il miglior comfort interno possibile
3
3
2
3
Garantire una qualità di servizio elevata
0
0
1
0
Garantire un benessere socio-economico
1
1
1
1
Rispettare i valori culturali del luogo
0
0
0
0
1
3
3
3
0
1
0
0,6
Limitare il consumo di energia e risorse
1
3
3
3
0
1
0
1,50
2,00
2,00
2,00
Scegliere un sito appropriato (vicino a zone ricreative, evitando
possibilmente di utilizzare aree sensibili ecologicamente)
0
2
0
1
0
0
0,5
Prevedere il riciclo di risorse
0
1
3
3
1
1
0,3
Favorire la mobilità sostenibile (mezzi collettivi, mobilità ciclabile,
mobilità pedonale)
0
3
1
1
2
2
0,4
Utilizzare gli spazi verdi e le risorse naturali
0
0
2
1
0
0
0,4
1,50
2,00
2,00
2,00
1
1
1
1
3
2
0
2,00
3
2
0
2,00
3
2
0
2,00
1
3
2
0
1
3
2
0
0,9
3
2
0
1,50
3
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
3
0
3
3
3
2
1
0
3
2
1
0
0,4
0,4
0,3
1
1
1
3
1
0
1
1
1
3
2
0
0,5
0,4
0,4
0,4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0,7
0,8
0,7
0,9
1
1
0
3
1
1
0
0
3
0
0,6
0,3
0,5
0,4
0
0
0
0
0
0,9
0,9
1
Limitare del consumo di energia non rinnovabile (riscaldamento,
elettricità, energia per produrre materiali)
Utilizzare fonti energetiche rinnovabili
Limitare la quantità dei materiali da costruzione impiegati
Limitare i consumi di acqua potabile
aria
suolo
acqua
altri inquinamenti (luminoso, surriscaldamento locale, erosione, valore
ecologico)
0
0
1
0
1,50
2,00
2,00
2,00
illuminazione
1
1
3
3
0
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
0
3
0
3
rumori
1
2
3
0
assenza inquinanti interni
ventilazione
temperatura ed umidità
inquinamento elettromagnetico
sicurezza da eventi eccezionali
avere spazi e servizi adeguati
poter controllare gli impianti
poter cambiare la conformazione dell'edificio in caso di necessità
ridurre gli interventi di manutenzione
accessibilità degli utenti agli spazi, anche di quelli disabili
confort visivo (privacy, viste verso spazi esterni)
integrazione delle attività del nuovo edificio con quelle di contesto
limitare i costi dell'edificio sia iniziali che di gestione
creare benefici sociali ed economici esterni (affitti accessibili,
creazione di un mercato di beni e servizi, strutture commerciali)
Introduction
0
0
2
3
1,50
2,00
2,00
2,00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1,50
2,00
2,00
2,00
2
3
0
1
1
3
0
3
3
1
0
3
1
1
1
3
1
0
0
1
1,50
2,00
2,00
2,00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
The SBTool Model
Pop
0,7
0,9
0,8
0,7
0,8
0,9
FACOLTA’
ARCHITETTURA
E SOCIETA
0,9
0,9
1
DIPARTIMENTO BEST
Building Environment
Science
& Technology
A Multidimensional
and Participatory
Convegno SIEV
Approach for Green
“Sistemi di valutazione
Buildings
per
le nuove
pianificazioni”
Assessment
0,7
Venezia
22 Novembre 2008
0,3
0,6
A.Oppio
S.Mattia
A.A.Panfolfi
Oppio
M.Ghellere
M.
Ghellere
A. Pandolfi
0,8
0,5
Critical Review0of SBTool
Addressing SBTool to MCDA
Conclusions
Addressing SBTool to MCDA
Un approccio
multidimensionale e
partecipato alla
valutazione del progetto :
il modello SBTool
Preferences of all the stakeholders
Stima delle preferenze definitive di tutti gli stakeholder
SD
importanza
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
Site selection, Project Planning, Urban Design and
Development
Energy and Resource Consumption
Environmental Loadings
Indoor Environmental Quality
Service Quality
Social and Economic aspects
Cultural and Perceptual Aspects
A
Site selection,Project Planning, Urban
design and Development
A1
Site selection
A2
Project planning
A3
Urban design and site development
B
Energy and Resource Consumption
B1
Non-renewable energy consuption for operations
B2
Electrical peak demand for facility operations
B3
Renewable Energy
B4
Materials
B5
Potable Water
C
Environmental Loadings
C1
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
C2
Other Atmospheric Emissions
C3
Solid Wastes
C4
Rainwater, Stormwater and Wastewater
C5
Impacts on Site
C6
Other Local and Regional Impacts
D
Indoor Environmental Quality
D1
Indoor Air Quality
D2
Ventilation
D3
Air Temperature and Relative Humidity
D4
Daylighting and Illumination
D5
Noise and Acoustics
D6
Control of electromagnetic emissions
E
Service Quality
E1
Safety and Security During Operations
E2
Functionality and efficiency
E3
Controllability
E4
Flexibility and Adaptability
E5
Commissioning of facility systems
E6
Maintenance of Operating Performance
F
Social and Economic aspects
F1
Social Aspects
F2
Cost and Economics
G
Cultural and Perceptual Aspects
G1
Culture & Heritage
G2
Perceptual aspects
Introduction
0,50
2,00
3,00
2,50
1,50
1,00
0,00
incidenza
importanza
0,60
0,53
0,40
0,46
0,53
0,46
0,40
1
3
3
3
0
1
0
coeff. Omog.
0,60
0,70
0,90
0,80
0,70
0,80
0,90
3,00
0,00
0,50
0,67
0,75
0,73
0,22
0,33
1,00
0,50
0,50
0,50
2,00
2,50
3,00
0,40
0,40
0,40
0,40
0,33
1,00
1,00
3,00
2,00
0,00
0,90
0,00
0,50
1,50
1,50
2,50
3,00
0,73
0,73
0,73
0,80
0,61
0,57
3,00
3,00
2,00
1,00
0,80
0,00
0,40
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,50
0,00
0,67
0,73
0,73
0,73
0,80
0,60
1,00
1,00
1,00
3,00
2,00
0,00
0,50
0,00
1,00
1,50
1,50
1,00
2,50
0,53
0,46
0,53
0,40
0,46
0,46
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,70
0,50
0,00
0,68
0,70
0,29
1,50
0,47
0,00
0,00
0,40
0,40
0,00
0,00
0,90
The SBTool Model
0,37
0,40
0,90
0,90
0,90
1,00
0,40
0,40
0,30
0,58
0,64
0,40
0,40
0,40
0,30
0,60
0,80
0,70
0,90
0,80
0,80
0,45
0,90
peso
definitivo
0,7
2,5
3,0
2,8
0,8
1,0
0,0
punti
automatici
3,27
11,50
13,97
12,89
3,71
4,66
0,00
2,1
0,1
0,6
74,30
0,8
0,8
2,6
2,2
1,0
10,84
0,8
1,2
1,6
1,4
1,8
1,7
9,39
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,8
0,8
0,0
0,0
0,5
0,8
0,6
0,5
1,2
0,4
0,5
0,0
0,0
punti
arrotondati
2,94
22,76
10,84
35,20
29,73
13,39
13,67
19,09
16,35
21,49
20,02
10,82
10,82
32,47
32,36
0,00
22,89
17,11
13,33
33,33
51
50
74
3
23
74
11
11
35
30
13
11
9
14
19
16
21
20
9
49
51
48,87
51,13
#DIV/0!
3
11
14
13
4
5
0
0
13
23
17
13
33
0,00
13,33
#DIV/0!
3
12
14
13
4
5
0
14
11
11
32
32
0
13,53
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
Critical Review of SBTool
punti
assegnati
3
23
11
35
30
FACOLTA’
ARCHITETTURA
E SOCIETA
13
14
19
16
22
20
14
11
DIPARTIMENTO BEST
Building Environment
Science
& Technology
A Multidimensional
and Participatory
Convegno SIEV
Approach for Green
“Sistemi di valutazione
Buildings
per
le nuove
pianificazioni”
Assessment
11
32
32
0
0
13
23
17
14
33
Venezia
22 Novembre 2008
A.Oppio
S.Mattia
A.A.Panfolfi
Oppio
M.Ghellere
M.
Ghellere
A. Pandolfi
49
51
0
0
Addressing SBTool to MCDA
Conclusions
Addressing SBTool to MCDA
Context analysis: new socio-economic indicators
Un approccio
multidimensionale e
partecipato alla
valutazione del progetto :
il modello SBTool
Field of application: Issues
1. New socio-economic indicators








Energy intensity
Number of renewable energy system
Crime rate
Poverty range
Family per capita Gross domestic product
Families that state to have at least a problem in their house for 100 families
Families average monthly expenses for furniture, household electrical
appliances and house services
House space
2. Detailed framework of the possible connections between context indicators
and evaluation criteria by an objective tree for each issues, according to the
hierarchic structure of SBTool and calculation of criteria affected by each
indicator for each issue (indicator’s incidence)
Introduction
The SBTool Model
Critical Review of SBTool
Addressing SBTool to MCDA
FACOLTA’
ARCHITETTURA
E SOCIETA
DIPARTIMENTO BEST
Building Environment
Science
& Technology
A Multidimensional
and Participatory
Convegno SIEV
Approach for Green
“Sistemi di valutazione
Buildings
per
le nuove
pianificazioni”
Assessment
Venezia
22 Novembre 2008
A.Oppio
S.Mattia
A.A.Panfolfi
Oppio
M.Ghellere
M.
Ghellere
A. Pandolfi
Conclusions
Addressing SBTool to MCDA
Un approccio
multidimensionale e
partecipato alla
valutazione del progetto :
il modello SBTool
Context analysis: operating steps
1. Benchmarking of context indicators: are used as benchmark
performances for some values


Value -1: negative performance
Value 3: best practice
2. Performances’ valuation of context indicators
3. Results for per issues
FACOLTA’
ARCHITETTURA
E SOCIETA
Vote for issue = Σ(score of indicator i  incidence of indicator i)
4. Distribution of 50 scores to the issues in inverse relation to the level of
context’s sustainability in order to give most importance to solving the
criticisms of the context and to avoid to increase the existing
imbalances of territorial development.
Introduction
The SBTool Model
Critical Review of SBTool
Addressing SBTool to MCDA
DIPARTIMENTO BEST
Building Environment
Science
& Technology
A Multidimensional
and Participatory
Convegno SIEV
Approach for Green
“Sistemi di valutazione
Buildings
per
le nuove
pianificazioni”
Assessment
Venezia
22 Novembre 2008
A.Oppio
S.Mattia
A.A.Panfolfi
Oppio
M.Ghellere
M.
Ghellere
A. Pandolfi
Conclusions
Addressing SBTool to MCDA
Impact analysis of criteria
Field of application: Criteria
1. Valuation of impacts of criteria on the context: ray of action (RA),
intensity (INT), duration (D):



RA : proportionally to the territorial extension
INT: proportionally to indirect or direct effect
D: proportionally to the phases of life cycle
2. Multiplication, for each criterion, of impact factors and definition of
total impact index of criterion:
Global impact of the criterion = (RA impact x INT impact x D impact)
3.
Distribution of 50 score among the criteria of the same category
proportionally to the total impact index of each criterion
Un approccio
multidimensionale e
partecipato alla
valutazione del progetto :
il modello SBTool
FACOLTA’
ARCHITETTURA
E SOCIETA
DIPARTIMENTO BEST
Building Environment
Science
& Technology
A Multidimensional
and Participatory
Convegno SIEV
Approach for Green
“Sistemi di valutazione
Buildings
per
le nuove
pianificazioni”
Assessment
Venezia
22 Novembre 2008
A.Oppio
S.Mattia
A.A.Panfolfi
Oppio
M.Ghellere
M.
Ghellere
A. Pandolfi
Introduction
The SBTool Model
Critical Review of SBTool
Addressing SBTool to MCDA
Conclusions
Addressing SBTool to MCDA
Un approccio
multidimensionale e
partecipato alla
valutazione del progetto :
il modello SBTool
Impact analysis of criteria
Analisi degli Impatti dei criteri
n°par.
On
x
x
Vulnerability of land to flooding.
Potential for development to contaminate nearby bodies of water.
A1.4
Pre-development contamination status of land.
A1.5
x
Proximity of site to public transportation.
Distance between site and centres of employment or residential occupancies.
A1.7
A1.8
x
Proximity to commercial and cultural facilities.
A1.9
Proximity to public recreation and facilities.
A2
Project Planning
A2.1
Feasibility of use of renewables.
A2.2
Use of Integrated Design Process.
A2.3
x
Potential environmental impact of development or re-development.
Provision of surface water management system.
A2.5
Availability of potable water treatment system.
x
Availability of a split grey / potable water system.
A2.7
Collection and recycling of solid wastes in the community or project.
A2.8
Composting and re-use of sludge in the community or project.
A2.9
Site orientation to maximize passive solar potential.
A3
Urban Design and Site Development
A3.1
Development density.
A3.2
x
Provision of mixed uses within the project.
A3.3
Encouragement of walking.
A3.4
Support for bicycle use.
A3.5
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
3
1
1
1
1
3
3
1
3
3
1
1
1
3
Contrib.
effetti
PUNTI ANALISI
x
Policies governing use of private vehicles.
A3.6
Provision of project green space.
A3.7
Use of native plantings.
A3.8
Provision of trees with shading potential.
A3.9
Development or maintenance of wildlife corridors.
Introduction
OK
12
27,27
27
0
0,00
0
6
13,64
14
0
0,00
0
0
0,00
0
2
4,55
5
0
0,00
0
2
4,55
5
0
0,00
0
27
0
14
0
0
4
0
5
0
1
OK
0
0,00
0
0
0,00
0
12
37,50
38
0
0,00
0
0
0,00
0
4
12,50
13
0
0,00
0
0
0,00
0
0
0,00
0
0
0
38
0
0
12
0
0
0
0
0,00
0
4
15,38
15
0
0,00
0
0
0,00
0
9
34,62
35
0
0,00
0
0
0,00
0
0
0,00
0
0
0,00
0
16
A2.4
A2.6
Durata
costr+ 1/2vita oper.= 3,
<1/2 vita operativa = 2,
progetto/costruzione = 1
22
Pre-development ecological value or sensitivity of land.
Pre-development agricultural value of land.
A1.2
A1.6
Intensità
forte/diretta = 3,
media/indiretta = 2,
debole = 1
Site Selection
A1
A1.3
Raggio di azione
globale/regionale = 3,
centro abitato/quart = 2,
edificio/sito = 1
Site selection, project planning, urban design and
development
A
A1.1
Nome parametro
The SBTool Model
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
2
1
1
1
2
3
13
1
1
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
1
2
2
Critical Review of SBTool
3
2
3
2
1
3
1
2
3
OK
0
15
0
0
35
0
0
0
0
Addressing SBTool to MCDA
FACOLTA’
ARCHITETTURA
E SOCIETA
DIPARTIMENTO BEST
Building Environment
Science
& Technology
A Multidimensional
and Participatory
Convegno SIEV
Approach for Green
“Sistemi di valutazione
Buildings
per
le nuove
pianificazioni”
Assessment
Venezia
22 Novembre 2008
A.Oppio
S.Mattia
A.A.Panfolfi
Oppio
M.Ghellere
M.
Ghellere
A. Pandolfi
Conclusions
Addressing SBTool to MCDA
Un approccio
multidimensionale e
partecipato alla
valutazione del progetto :
il modello SBTool
Report of weights
ISSUES:
 50 scores from stakeholder s’ preferences
 50 scores from context’s analysis
FACOLTA’
ARCHITETTURA
E SOCIETA
CATEGORIES:
 100 scores from stakeholder s’ preferences
DIPARTIMENTO BEST
Building Environment
Science
& Technology
A Multidimensional
and Participatory
Convegno SIEV
Approach for Green
“Sistemi di valutazione
Buildings
per
le nuove
pianificazioni”
Assessment
CRITERIA:
 50 scores from DS’s preferences
 50 scores from impact analysis of criteria
Introduction
The SBTool Model
Critical Review of SBTool
Venezia
22 Novembre 2008
A.Oppio
S.Mattia
A.A.Panfolfi
Oppio
M.Ghellere
M.
Ghellere
A. Pandolfi
Addressing SBTool to MCDA
Conclusions
Conclusions
Un approccio
multidimensionale e
partecipato alla
valutazione del progetto :
il modello SBTool
Results and further developments




The process suggested to solve the current criticisms of SBTool is coherent
with the purposes highlighted in the critical analysis of the evaluation model
Quite attention has been paid to the integration between multicriteria analysis
and participation methods, in order to strengthen the iterative and interactive
nature of the appraisal process
The final decisions are assumed consciously by the actors involved in the
decision-making process for the opportunity of verifying the impacts of their
choices according to the available information and their expectations into a
transparent evaluation process
The implemented tool could be considered as a kind of social decisional
multicriteria analysis since it makes explicit, rational and efficient the selection
between multiple and/or conflicting goals, contributing to improve the
transparency and to strengthen the legitimacy of decisions taken
Introduction
The SBTool Model
Critical Review of SBTool
Addressing SBTool to MCDA
FACOLTA’
ARCHITETTURA
E SOCIETA
DIPARTIMENTO BEST
Building Environment
Science
& Technology
A Multidimensional
and Participatory
Convegno SIEV
Approach for Green
“Sistemi di valutazione
Buildings
per
le nuove
pianificazioni”
Assessment
Venezia
22 Novembre 2008
A.Oppio
S.Mattia
A.A.Panfolfi
Oppio
M.Ghellere
M.
Ghellere
A. Pandolfi
Conclusions