HECRAS xidebi
g. parodi
WRS-ITC- niderlandebi
ITC Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation of the University of Twente
rogor zegavlenas axdens xidi hidravlikaze?

konstruqcia

xidis gaswvriv

pirsi

TaRis/kamaras sayrdeni


xidis savali nawili
gafarToeba
4
3
2
1
xidis dinebis 2 tipi

dabali dineba - dineba, sadac wylis zedapiri ar aRwevs xidis koWs

maRali dineba - dineba, sadac wylis zedapiri aRwevs an cdeba xidis saval nawils
kiTxva: es dabali dinebaa Tu maRali?
dabali dineba
dabali dinebis xidis modelireba: dinebis 3 tipi
A klasi, susti dineba -subkritikuli
dineba
• energia, impulsi, iarneli da aSSwr
(WSPRO)
B klasi, susti dineba – dineba
romelic scdeba kritikul siRrmes
• energia da impulsi
B klasi, susti dineba –
superkritikuli dineba
• energia da impulsi
dabal dinebiani xidis hidravlika: modelirebis 4 tipi

energia – fizikur kanonebze dayrdnobiT iTvleba xaxunis danakargi da geometriuli cvlilebebi xidis gaswvriv iseve, rogorc
dinebiT da turbulentobiT (areulobiT) gamowveuli danakargi.

impulsi - fizikur kanonebze dayrdnobiT iTvleba kritikuli danakargi da xidis gaswvriv danakvirvebi geometriuli cvlilebebi.

FHWA WSPRO – energiis kanonze dayrdnobiT, iseve rogorc zogierTi empiriuli atributi. SemuSavebulia xidebisTvis,
romlebic gadaWimulni arian farTe mWidro mcenareuli safariT dafarul Walebze.

Yarnell - empirikuli modeli SemuSavebulia xidis pirsebis efeqtebis modelirebisTvis.
dabal dinebiani xidis modelireba
A klasi dabali dineba – energiis meTodi

xaxunis danakargis gaangariSeba xdeba rogorc sigrZe ayvanili saSualo xaxunis kuTxis xarisxSi.

energiis danakargi aris empirikuli koeficienti ayvanili siCqaris maqsimumis xarisxSi (gafarTovebis
da SekumSvis danakargi)

ar xdeba pirsebs damuxruWebis Zalis gaTvaliswineba
dabal dinebiani xidis modelireba
A klasi dabali dineba – impulsis meTodi

xaxunis danakargi aris gare xaxuni = sveli perimetri ayvanili sigrZis xarisxSi da ayvanili
gadanacvlebis daZabulobis xarisxSi

moiTxovs pirsebis damuxruWebis koeficientis damatebas CD
dabal dinebiani xidis modelireba CD koeficienti
pirsebisTvis
1.20

wriuli pirsi

wagrZelebuli pirsi semiwriuli boloTi
1.33

elipsuri pirsi 2:1 Tanafardoba sigrZe siganesTan
0.60

elipsuri pirsi 4:1 Tanafardoba sigrZe siganesTan)
0.32

elipsuri pirsi 8:1 Tanafardoba sigrZe siganesTan)
0.29

marTkuTxa xmauriani pirsi

triangularuli xmauri 30 gradusiani kutxiT

triangularuli xmauri 60 gradusiani kutxiT
1.39

triangularuli xmauri 90 gradusiani kutxiT
1.60

triangularuli xmauris 120 gradusiani kutxiT
1.72
2.00
1.00
dabali dinebis xidis modelireba
A klasis dineba-iarnelis gantoleba
 sxvadasxva formis pirsebis gamoyenebiT 2600 laboratoriul eqsperimentze dayrdnobiT K
 moiTxovs pirsis formis koeficientis damatebas
 unda gamoviyenoT mxolod iq, sadac ZiriTadi danakargi gamowveulia pirsebs arsebobiT
dabali dinebis xidebis modelireba
iarnelis pirsis koeficienti K
0.90

semi-cirkularuli xmauri da kudi

ormagi cilindruli pirsi dakavSirebuli diafragmiT
0.95

ormagi cilindruli pirsi diafragmis gareSe
1.05

90 gradusiani triangularuli xmauri da kudi

marTkuTxa xmauri da kudi
1.25

aTi gaerTianebuli sayrdeni
2.50
1.05
dabali dinebis xidis modelireba
A klasi dabali dineba - WSPRO
 federaluri gzatkecilis xidebis analizis administratoruli meTodi
 gamoviyenoT energiis gantoleba iteraciuli (ganmeorebiTi) procedurebisTvis
B da C klasi- dabali dineba

ori meTodia xelmisawvdomi:
1.
impulsi– araregularuli ganivi kveTebis monacemebiT da wylis zedapiris simaRlis uecar cvlilebebiani
monacemebiT, SeiZleba kalapitis daxris kuTxis dadgena naklebi sizuzstiT moxdes. Sesabamisad wonis
koeficienti avtomaturad gamousadegari xdeba dinebis b klasisTvis.
2.
energia – B klasis dinebis SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba moxdes mniSvnelovani cvlileba wylis siRrmeSi, Sedegad
gvaqvs maqsimalur siCqaris agdaWarbeba. gafarToveba da SekumSvis energiis danakargi SeiZleba
gadaWarbebuli iyos “tradiciuli” gafarTovebis da SekumSvis koeficientebis gamoyenebiT.
dabali dinebis xidebis hidravlika: Sejameba

xidebis pirsebi mcire dabrkolebaa dinebisTvis, Warbobs xaxunis danakargi –energia, impulsi an WSPRO

pirsi da xaxunis danakargi Warbobs - impulsi

dineba kveTs kritikul siRrmes xidis midamoebSi – energia an impulsi

pirsis danakargi aris dominanti - iarneli

superkritikuli dineba pirsebis gareSe – energia an impulsi

superkritikuli dineba pirsebiT - impulsi
maRali dinebis xidis meTodi
(1) energiis meTodi – xidis savali nawili gamoiTvleba da damatebiTi sveli perimetri emateba. wylis zedapiris
simaRle gviCvenebs hidravlikuri xarisxis xazs.
 es meTidi ar gamoiyeneba nakadis Serwymis moxazulobisTvis an pirsebisTvis
 gadazidvis gaangariSebisas xids ganvixilavT rogorc ganivi kveTs da moicavs dinebas gzatkecilis gadaRma.
maRali dinebis xidis meTodi
(2) wneva da jebiris meTodi – ganixilavs dinebas, rogorc ori gancalkevebuli komponents
 xidis Ria nawilis gaswvriv dineba aris Seviwroebuli (wnevis qveS myofi)
 WiSkris gantoleba
 sruli wnevis (naxvreti, Riobi) gantoleba
 jebiris gantoleba gzis gadaRma, daZirvis SesworebebiT.
SeniSvna: HECRAS avtomaturad SearCevs swor wnevis dinebis gantolebas
maRali dineba - wneva
maRali dineba – Seviwroebuli (Sluzebi) dineba

3V32 

Z
Q  Cd  Abu  Y3 - 
2 2 g 

Q = totaluri xarji xidis Ria nawilis gaswvriv
Cd = xarjis koeficienti Seviwroebuli dinebisTvis
Abu = xidis Ria nawilis qselis zona BU seqciaSi
Y3 = hidravlikuri siRrme 3 seqciaSi
Z
= vertikaluri manZili xidis savali nawilis umdables horizontamde da ZiriTadi mdinaris kalapitis siRaRles Soris.
1
2
xarjis koeficienti Sluzebiani gasasvlelis dinebisTvis
maRali dineba - wneva
SesaZlebeli mtkicebuleba
maRali dineba –Seviwroebuli dineba (naxvreti, Riobi)
gamoiyeneba, rodesac xidis orive, zedadinebis da qvedadinebis mxare sruliad aris daZiruli
Q  C A 2gH
Q = Riobidan gamavali wylis sruli xarjva
C = sruliad daZiruli dinebis zewolis xarjis koeficienti
H = gansxvaveba energiis gradientisa da zedadinebis simaRles Soris & wylis zedapiris simaRle qvedadinebaSi
A = xidis Ria nawilis qselis zona
maRali dineba – wneva da wyalgadasaSvebi jebiri
maRali dineba – wyalgadasaSvebi jebiris dineba
3
Q  CLH
2

Q = wyalgadasaSvebi jebiris sruli dineba

C = xarjis koeficienti wyalgadasaSvebi jebiris dinebisTvis (~2.5 - 3.1 Tavisufali dinebisTvis)

L = wyalgadasaSvebis efeqturi sigrZe

H = energiis simaRlis gansxvaveba zeadadinebasa da gzis kveTas Soris
maRali dineba - daZirva
Semcirebis faqtori
Qsubmerged  Qf ree daZiruli
Reduction
Factor
H2
Submergenc
e
daZirva
H1
maRali dineba - daZirva
maRali dinebis xidis modelireba: daskvna

rodesac xidis savali nawili warmoadgens mcire winaaRmdegobas dinebisTvis da ar moqmedebs rogorc zewolis xvreli,
umjobesia gamoviyenoT energiis meTodi

rodesac datborva da Camonadeni wyali ar uerTdeba dinebas, gamoviyenoT wnevis/wyalgadasaSvebi jebiris meTodi.

rodesac xdeba datborva da Zlieri daZirva, gamoviyenoT energiis meTodi
xidebis damateba
ganivi kveTebis ganlageba xidebTan
ganivi kveTebis ganlageba xidebTan
 ekvipotenciuri konturebi: Lc aris manZili xidis im nawilidan, sadac dinebis konturi
rCeba paraleluri ZiriTadi dinebis mimarTulebis mimarT da araa kumSvadi
ganivi kveTebis ganlageba xidebTan
sruliad efeqturi dineba
SekumSva
xidis gavliT
gafarToveba
sruliad gafarTovebuli
dineba
ganivi kveTebis ganlageba xidebTan
Le
Lc
sruliad efeqturi
dineba
sruliad
gafarTovebuli
dineba
4
3
2
Lc da Le SeiZleba ganvsazRvroT, rogorc savele kvleva maRali dinebis dros an SeiZleba gadaviTvaloT
1
ganivi kveTebis ganlageba xidebTan
gafarToveba da SekumSva HECRAS-Si
ganixileba rogorc wrfivi movlena
4
3
2
1
gafarToveba
 Fc2 
  1.8 105 Q
ER  0.421  0.485
 Fc1 
 FC2= frudes ricxvi 2 seqciaSi
 FC1= igive 1 seqciaSi
SekumSva
 Fc2 
 nob 
 Qob 
  1.86

CR  1.4  0.333
  0.19
 Q 
 Fc1 
 nc 
2

Qob: xarji or datborvis seqciaSi

Q: totaluri xarji seqciaSi

nob: maningis koeficienti Walis seqciaSi

nc: maningis koeficienti arxisTvis
0.5
SekumSvis/gafarTovebis koeficienti
wesi:
ER = 2:1
CR = 1:1
1
CR
1
ER
SekumSvis/gafarTovebis koeficienti - rogor viyenebT?
Le da Lc – s gadaTvlis magaliTebi

mocemulia

sruliad gafarTovebuli dineba ganivi kveTis maqsimaluri sigane 1 = 300 futi

sruliad gafarTovebuli dineba ganivi kveTis maqsimaluri sigane 1 = 250 futi

distancia B wertilidan C wertilamde (xidis gaxsnili nawili) = 40 futi

ipoveT: ganivi kveTis rekomendirebuli adgilmdebareoba 1 da 4

Le = 2 * (300 – 40) / 2 = 260 futi xididan qvedadinebisken

Lc = 1 * (250 – 40) / 2 = 105 futi xididan zedadinebisken
es uSvebs ER=2 da CR=1
SekumSvis da gafarToebis koeficientebi
SekumSvis da gafarToebis koeficientebi
kumSva
gafarToveba
araa gadasvla
0
0
TandaTanobiTi gadasvla
0.1
0.3
tipiuri xidis gadasvla
0.3
0.5
uecari gadasvla
0.6
0.8
SekumSva da gafarToveba
koeficientebis magaliTebi xidebze
gafarToveba
ganivi kveTi 4 (uSoresi “zd”)
0.5
kumSva
0.3
ganivi kveTi 3
0.5
0.3
ganivi kveTi 2
0.5
0.3
ganivi kveTi 1 (uSoresi “qd”)
Cc-s gamoyeneba
Ce-s gamoyeneba
0.3
0.3
0.5
0.1
0.3
0.5
0.1
0.3
araefeqturi dinebis are
4
3
2
1
araefeqturi dineba
araefeqturi dinebis parametri gamoiyeneba 2 da 3 xidis seqciebSi, vinaidan xidis Ria nawilSi SevinarCunoT aqtiuri dinebis areali im
momentamde, sanam gamoTvlili wylis zedapiris simaRle ar ascdeba marjvena an marcxena araefeqturi dinebis arealis simaRles.
At XS’s 2 & 3
araefeqturi dinebis are

daamateT saguSagoebi, romlebic asaxaven aqtiuri dinebis ares ganivi kveTebis seqciebSi.

(miusadageT lateraluri distancia raTa ganvsazRvroT sazRvrebi xidisTvis)

SeiyvaneT simaRlis maCveneblebi, romlebic datborvis areebis efeqtur dinebad gadayvanis saSualebas mogvcemen, rodesac
wyali ascdeba sazRvars

wesi:

XS-2 > gamoiyeneT simaRle = (savali nawilis dabali horizonti + gzis zeda horizonti)/2 pirveli SefasebisTvis

davuSvaT ER = 2:1 Tu dinebas SeuZlia Tavisuflad gadavides xidze


sigane rogorc wesi unda iyos ufro didi, an xidis napralze ufro ganieri.
simaRle unda mivuTiToT gzis zeda nawili an odnav dabali

davuSvaT CR an 1:1 xidis uSualo siaxloves
araefeqturi dinebis are

Tu saWiroa gansazRvreT araefeqturi dinebis are

xidebis monacemebis gverdidan an XS parametris gamoyenebiT (SearCieT araefeqturi dinebis are “Ineffective Flow Areas”)
xidebis monacemebi
vordis faili iyo
SemuSavebuli raTa
daxmareba gaewia
xidebTan dakavSirebuli
monacemebis
organizaciaSi:
xidebis monacemebi
vordis faili iyo SemuSavebuli
raTa daxmareba gaewia
xidebTan dakavSirebuli
monacemebis organizaciaSi:
grafika xidebis vizualizaciis xelSewyoba:
gawvdomis SekumSva
gawvdomis gafarToveba
dinebis gadaadgilebis idealuri
mrudi 1D modelirebisTvis
kiTxva: rogor vrceldeba dineba xidis qveS?
xidis damateba
 SearCieT “Brdg/Culv” Rilaki geometriuli monacemebis fanjridan:
xidis damateba

ris Sedegadac gamoCndeba xidis wyalsadenis monacemTa fanjara:
xidis damateba
xidebis monacemebis fanjaraSi, parametrebis meniuSi, arsebobs ramodenime sxva brZaneba iseve, rogorc gamoxazvis meniuSi
xidis damateba
opciebis meniudan
SearCieT “daamateT xidi
an/da wyalsadeni “Add
a Bridge and/or
Culvert”
xidis damateba

Sedegad gamoCndeba fanjara zedadinebis da qvedadinebis ganivi kveTebis damatebiTi naxazebiT:
xidis savali nawili/zatkecili

Semdeg SearCieT xidis savali nawili/gzatkecili-s Rilaki xidebis monacemTa fanjaraSi
xidis savali nawili/gzatkecili
aRsaniSnavia, rom winaswaraa
gansazRvruli jebiris koeficienti da
maqsimaluri CaZirvis koeficienti:
xidis savali nawili/gzatkecili
SeiyvaneT monacemebi savaldebulo
sidideebis aRsawerad. aRsaniSnavia, rom
“z.d” da “q.d” gamoiyeneba mxolod
kosmetikuri funqciisTvis
*Tu araa miTiTebuli WSPRO meTodi dabali dinebisTvis
xidis savali nawili/gzatkecili
gamoiyeneT “Copy Up to Down”
Rilakebi, raTa ganmeorebiT SeviyvanoT
saguSagos-simaRle, savali nawilis qveda
horizontis monacemebi zedadinebidan
qveda dinebisken, im SemTxvevaSi Tu
monacemebi Sesaferisia.
xidis savali nawili/gzatkecili
mas Semdeg rac, xidis savali nawilis
fanjaraSi SerCeuli iyo Tanxmobis
Rilaki “OK”, is asaxavs xidis saval
nawils “qd” da “zd” X seqciaSi:
xidis savali nawili/gzatkecili
 kiTxva: ra gavrcoba aqvT saval nawilebs am
xidebze?
xidis savali nawili/gzatkecili
 kiTxva: ra gavrcoba aqvT saval
nawilebs am xidebze?
pirsi

pirsis damateba SesaZlebelia, Tu avirCevT pirsis Rilaks xidebis monacemebis fanjridan
pirsi
es gvaZlevs pirsis monacemebis redaqtirebis
saSualebas, da SesaZlebelia monacemebis
damateba pirsebisTvis:
gamoiyeneT “Copy Up to
Down” Rilaki, Tu saWiroa
pirsi
pirsi Semdgom gamoisaxeba
grafikulad naxazze
xidis modelirebis midgoma

modelirebis opcia, romelic moicavs dabali dinebis da maRali dinebis modelirebas xelmisawvdomia Tu avirCevT
xidis modelirebis midgomis Rilaks
xidis modelirebis midgoma
es gviCvenebs xidis modelirebis midgomis
redaqtoris fanjaras. aRsaniSnavia
parametri, romelic iTvlis dabali dinebis
yvela tipis meTodiT da parametri romelic
saSualebas gvaZlevs avirCioT dinebis tipi:
kiTxva: ramdenad gamarTlebulia umaRlesi energiis gamoyeneba?
xidis modelirebis midgoma
SesarTavis koeficienti
0.7 sa da 0.9 s Soris
xidis modelirebis midgoma
gaiTvaliswineT:
xidis modelirebis midgoma
daaklikeT, raTa miiRoT sidideebis cxrili
gansxvavebuli xidis problemebi
 namsxvrevebi
 paraleluri xidebi
 xidebi mosaxvevSi
 magaliTebi
naleqebi

naleqebis Sesaxeb

SeamowmeT “motivtive naleqebi” pirsis monacemTa
editorSi

daumateT marTkuTxa mimarTuleba
namsxvrevebi
•pirsze
•myari
•motivtive
paraleluri xidebi

Tu axlosaa erTmaneTTan modelSi Segvyavs, rogorc erTi xidi an
ganvixilavT, rogorc or, magram erT prfilTan dakavSirebul xidad.

Tu dineba afarToebs xidebs Soris arsebul sivrces, maSin
daamateT seqcia Sualeduri gadasvlis modelirebisTvis.
Two bridges do not necessarily have twice the loss
xidebi da moRunva
Flow
WB
Wp

L
b

moRunva adidebs pirsis siganes da amcirebs xidis Ria nawils.

xidis 20 * mde gadaRunvis dros Tavs ar iCenen damatebiTi probelebi.

xidis kosinusis daxris kuTxeze damyarebuli proeqcirebuli sigane
moRunuli xidis/ milebis opciebi xidis/ wyalsadenis editorSi
gafrTxileba: gadaxedeT yuradRebiT
kiTxva: ra aris modelirebis
daniSnuleba?
kiTxva: ra aris modelirebis
ZiriTadi mizani?
kiTxva: am xidebis romeli aspeqtebis
gaTvaliswinebaa saWiro modelirebisas?
kiTxva: am xidebis romeli aspeqtebis
gaTvaliswinebaa saWiro HECRAS –Si
modelirebisas?