Biella, 15 - 17 Marzo 2007
Reti Locali - Sviluppo Globale
Idee per il Distretto Digitale
Ecosistemi Digitali
Attività della Commissione Europea
per le SME contro il digital divide
Francesco Nachira
European Commission
DG Information Society and Media
http://www.digital-ecosystems.org
To support Economy: Activate SMEs
EU-25:
99.7% of SMEs
91.2% micro enterprises (1 - 9 employees)
17 million of SMEs
European entreprises by size (totals), 2003
LU
EE
SK
CY
LV
LT
IE
SI
FI
DK
AT
SE
BE
NL
HU
PT
CZ
PL
UK
DE
FR
ES
IT
0.0
0.5
1.0
Micro entreprises
Reti locali, sviluppo globale
Biella 15-17 Marzo 2007
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1.5
2.0
Small entreprises
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0 Millions
Medium entreprises
European Commission
DG Information Society and Media
Unit D4 : Networked Enterprises and RFID
Francesco Nachira
Difficulties of SMEs
A single SME has limited resources and difficulties to:
To access global value chains
To access knowledge
To access specific services (e.g. legal)
To adopt new technologies (ICT)
To adopt new and distributed business models and work organisations
Reti locali, sviluppo globale
Biella 15-17 Marzo 2007
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European Commission
DG Information Society and Media
Unit D4 : Networked Enterprises and RFID
Francesco Nachira
•
•
SMEs in a Dynamic knowledge-based
globally-networked economy
How to reach the critical mass of resources ?
How to cope with the increased complexity ?
Growth Node
Industrial District
Business Ecosystem
Virtual cluster
Reti locali, sviluppo globale
Biella 15-17 Marzo 2007
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European Commission
DG Information Society and Media
Unit D4 : Networked Enterprises and RFID
Francesco Nachira
New forms of economic structures
Peculiarities of the EU economical structure
•
•
•
Dimensions of enterprises (SMEs vs. LE)
Historical presence of clusters with diffused tacit unstructured knowledge, skills and
infrastructure
Cultural diversity (model of business, approaches, practices, …)
Economy as Business ecosystems
(US model vs. EU model)
“… the actual slowly changing network of organizations will be replaced by more
fluid, amorphous and often transitory structures based in alliances, partnership and
collaborations”...
“…building a community that share business, knowledge and infrastructure, develop
creativity”
peculiarities in competitive advantage
Turn
Reti locali, sviluppo globale
Biella 15-17 Marzo 2007
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European Commission
DG Information Society and Media
Unit D4 : Networked Enterprises and RFID
Francesco Nachira
Empirical observations on emerging business phenomena
based on collective creativity and participation
Complex
products/services
Produced by large
structured corporations
Produced by informal
amorphous networks
Knowledge
Owned and protected
Shared
Innovation
Produced by an entity
Produced collectively
Final user
Is passive (“the king”)
Interested to participate
Organisational
structure
Based on instructions and
structured organisations
Self-organised networks
Motivation
Incentives, personal
advantages
Self-esteem, sense of
responsibiliy, reputation
Advances in IST
originated by technology
Originated by business
and people networking
Examples:
Large Enterprises move from
outsourcing to crowdsourcing
Wikipedia, Linux, eBay,
Youtube, last.fm, …
People/organisations become interconnected,
build communities that share objectives, activities, knowledge,
Opportunities
for SMEs and individuals
(also social recognition)
European Commission
Reti locali, sviluppo globale
DG Information Society and Media
15-17 Marzo 2007 capacity and creativity
by Biella
developing
Unit D4 : Networked Enterprises and RFID
# 6 of 27
Francesco Nachira
Turn Peculiarities into Competitive Advantages
Shift of paradigm
Engineers: “problem solving” approach: isolate problem,
identify variables, make a plan …
Economy as machine
Complexity: Ecosystemic approach:
Economy as ecosystem
From building a machine to nutruring a garden
From “engineer approach” to “ecosystem approach”
From making a plan
to creating the conditions
Processes:
Interpretation - Partecipation - Collaboration - Harmonis. of interests
Plurality and richness of: economic actors, subjects, ideas,
interactions, models, aggregation
Reti locali, sviluppo globale
Biella 15-17 Marzo 2007
# 7 of 27
European Commission
DG Information Society and Media
Unit D4 : Networked Enterprises and RFID
Francesco Nachira
The Digital Ecosystem,
the carrier for services and ideas
enabling their networking
Reti locali, sviluppo globale
Biella 15-17 Marzo 2007
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• Owner
• Serial-ID
• Check-ID
• Country
• ISO IdentEuropean Commission
Who owns it?
What does it contain?
What‘s the destination?
Which is the revenue model ?
Courtesy
from DBE project
DG Information Society
and Media
Unit D4 : Networked Enterprises and RFID
Francesco Nachira
The economic structures change
the infrastructures too
Hamburg, Harbour in 1900
Hamburg, Harbour in 2006
Which transport and aggregation infrastructure for
services and knowledge ?
Reti locali, sviluppo globale
Biella 15-17 Marzo 2007
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Courtesy from DBE project
European Commission
DG Information Society and Media
Unit D4 : Networked Enterprises and RFID
Francesco Nachira
Stages in ICT adoption
SMEs
Reti locali, sviluppo globale
Biella 15-17 Marzo 2007
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European Commission
DG Information Society and Media
Unit D4 : Networked Enterprises and RFID
Francesco Nachira
Which principles
for an ICT enabling Infrastructure,
for a “nervous system” supporting
the Economic Ecosystems ?
Initial Principles
reuse of global solutions which adapt to a local needs
ability to evolve, differentiate and self-organise
scalability and robustness
no single point of failure or control
not be dependent upon any single instance or actor
equal opportunity of access and partecipation for all
A Common Good
Reti locali, sviluppo globale
Biella 15-17 Marzo 2007
# 11 of 27
European Commission
DG Information Society and Media
Unit D4 : Networked Enterprises and RFID
Francesco Nachira
The Business Ecosystem
Create a climate conductive to investments, innovation and
enterpreneurship:
the conditions for
– Attracting / developing business and direct investments
– Attracting / developing enterprises
– Attracting / developing skilled and qualified workforce
Service & technical
Infrastructure
Governance
regulations &
industrial
policy
Human capital,
knowledge and
practices
Reti locali, sviluppo globale
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Business
& financial
conditions
European Commission
DG Information Society and Media
Unit D4 : Networked Enterprises and RFID
How to create a
favourable environment
for business and people:
a socio-economic ecosystem ?
•Which industrial policy ?
•Which infrastructure ?
(material / immaterial )
Francesco Nachira
The digital ecosystem
How to provide business networking services, adapted to local needs ?
How to transfer and disseminate knowledge ?
How to enable synergies and business networking ?
How to represent services, but also micro- and macro-economy
(from semantic of web to semantic of economy) ?
How to create
ICT infrastructure
that is a nervous system
for business and
knowledge ?
Computing
and telecom.
Infrastructure
ICT
serviceknowledgeoriented
architecture
affordable
Diffused +
ICT
Digitalised
services
knowledge
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Integrated scalable
approach
intermediate results
European Commission
DG Information Society and Media
Unit D4 : Networked Enterprises and RFID
Francesco Nachira
The Innovation Ecosystems:
An integrated approach for development
to reduce the digital divides
- among regions
-among SME and LE
Growth
lead to
Competitiveness,
market & internal
efficiency
to foster local economic growth
and innovation; new forms of improve
dynamic business
interactions,
Cooperation &
innovation networks
enabled by
new
paradigms
support
and
digital
encourage
ecosystem
make
technologies;
viable
provide
resources
improve
catalyse
ICTs
improve
shape
& foster
Ecosystem-oriented
infrastructure
supports
New organizational
embedded
and business models;
knowledge
knowledge & skills
enabled by
European Commission
Reti locali,building
sviluppo globaleinstruments
capacity
DG Information Society and Media
Biella 15-17 Marzo 2007
# 14 of 27
“Digital Ecosystem
Infrastructure”
Unit D4 : Networked Enterprises and RFID
Bio-Paradigms
enhances
supports
Policy
Derivative work from
P.Dini - London School of Economics
Francesco Nachira
An Ecosystem-Oriented Architecture can support
and facilitate the emergent phenomena (connection)
The range of possible behaviours of a system is determined by
its structure. This structure specifies its realms of interaction.
[Maturana, Varela]
The cyberspace [or a digital ecosystem] has an architecture,
its code - the software and hardware that defines how it is — is
its architecture. That architecture embeds certain principles;
defines what’s possible in a digital ecosystem. And these terms
and possibilities affect innovation in the cyberspace.
Some architectures invite innovation, others chill it.
[Lessig]
Reti locali, sviluppo globale
Biella 15-17 Marzo 2007
# 15 of 27
European Commission
DG Information Society and Media
Unit D4 : Networked Enterprises and RFID
Francesco Nachira
Digital ecosystem:
A Collective Brain for the Formalisation
and Distribution of Services and Knowledge
Like a brain,
a digital ecosystem has to
A) representing / formalise
B) store
C) retrieve…
…. What
software components, applications, services, …
business processes and models, revenue models, laws …
trust relationships, reputation …. skills, talents, ideas …
Reti locali, sviluppo globale
Biella 15-17 Marzo 2007
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European Commission
DG Information Society and Media
Unit D4 : Networked Enterprises and RFID
Francesco Nachira
[A] Represent / Encode
According to the long-term objective
to provide a representation
of the economy
It is [will be] represented
ANY USEFUL REPRESENTATION,
EXPRESSED IN A LANGUAGE
(formal or natural),
DIGITISED AND LAUNCHED ON THE
NET,
WHICH CAN BE PROCESSED
(by computers and/or humans)
Reti locali, sviluppo globale
Biella 15-17 Marzo 2007
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European Commission
DG Information Society and Media
Unit D4 : Networked Enterprises and RFID
Representation of:
•service
•biz model
•rev. model
•comp. model
•ref. to Ontology
•….
Francesco Nachira
[B] Store
According to the principle: no single point of control or failure
(technol.-organis.)
• information is fully distributed, like the “holographic” memory
of the the brain
• technologies and free open source implementations
developed in FP5 and FP6 projects,
Reti locali, sviluppo globale
Biella 15-17 Marzo 2007
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European Commission
DG Information Society and Media
Unit D4 : Networked Enterprises and RFID
Francesco Nachira
[C] Retrieval vs. Migration
Taking advantage of natural science
• Concepts of habitat, migration, evolution, digital species …
• Spontaneous networking and self-organisation
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Biella 15-17 Marzo 2007
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European Commission
DG Information Society and Media
Unit D4 : Networked Enterprises and RFID
Francesco Nachira
Convergence
• Digital media convergence
• Ecosystem Convergence
Digital ecosystems +
Business Ecosystems
Communication + Media
----------------------------= Innovation Ecosystem
Communication services:
-Audio,
-Video
-Data
- Voice
- Digital Business
Ecosystems
- Semantic Web
- Web 2.0
Exploit creativity in:
how, when and where
to consume the entertainment
Exploit creativity in:
participating in the
economic process
Reti locali, sviluppo globale
Biella 15-17 Marzo 2007
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European Commission
DG Information Society and Media
Unit D4 : Networked Enterprises and RFID
Francesco Nachira
Language Processes:
Semantic Web and Web 2.0
The representation of the world is an old dream,
Some obstacles:
- which formalisms, languages?
- an interpretation of the reality is subjective,
how we can have a consensual represantion?
- which are the resources for populating the ecosystem?
Reti locali, sviluppo globale
Biella 15-17 Marzo 2007
# 21 of 27
European Commission
DG Information Society and Media
Unit D4 : Networked Enterprises and RFID
Francesco Nachira
Taxonomies and Folksonomies
collective construction of shared semantic
leading to recommendations and self-organisation
MUSIC Last.fm
- the users classify the kind of music
based on their perceptions
- the system track the music played
- the system groups users in communities
+ it creates on the fly customised radio station you like
+ allows contacts among members of communities
BOOKS Amazon
- it tracks the books acquired
and the user evaluations
+ suggests books you may like
eCOMMERCE eBay
- buyers provide a feedback
on the reputation of the sellers
+ reputation system is used to build trust and to find the most reliable sellers
Reti locali, sviluppo globale
Biella 15-17 Marzo 2007
# 22 of 27
European Commission
DG Information Society and Media
Unit D4 : Networked Enterprises and RFID
Francesco Nachira
Business Ecosystem + Digital Ecosystem
= Innovation ecosystem
Economy
(business ecosystem)
ICT
(digital ecosystem)
Social networking
Collectively built a shared
representation of the economy
Issue of Governance
Reti locali, sviluppo globale
Biella 15-17 Marzo 2007
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European Commission
DG Information Society and Media
Unit D4 : Networked Enterprises and RFID
Francesco Nachira
Cluster of EU Digital Ecosystems FP6 Projects
Reti locali, sviluppo globale
Biella 15-17 Marzo 2007
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European Commission
DG Information Society and Media
Unit D4 : Networked Enterprises and RFID
Francesco Nachira
Digital Ecosystem pilot regions (October 2006)
Pilots Regions
Future Pilots
Brazil, India + Int’l contacts
> 30 M€ projects
funded by EC in FP6
Reti locali, sviluppo globale
Biella 15-17 Marzo 2007
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European Commission
DG Information Society and Media
Unit D4 : Networked Enterprises and RFID
Francesco Nachira
More info on
http://www.digital-ecosystems.org
Reti locali, sviluppo globale
Biella 15-17 Marzo 2007
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European Commission
DG Information Society and Media
Unit D4 : Networked Enterprises and RFID
Francesco Nachira