Italian History(slides)
by F. G.
Restauration of old princes after Napoleon (1815-1848),
age of the Holy Alliance, first attempts of independence
restauration
Austria, or the Habsburg Empire, the enemy
of Italian independence, the plurinational
monarchy, the catholic power
prince of Metternich
austria
Giuseppe Mazzini (1815-72), political thinker, conspirator,
leader of the republican and democratic wing of Risorgimento,
Founder of “Giovane Italia” and “Giovane Europa”
mazzini
House of Savoy, kingdom of Sardinia, Piedmont
King Carlo Alberto
Turin
sardinia
1848, the spring of nations, the Manifesto of communists,
first war of independence, the “Statuto albertino” in Piedmont,
victory of Austria (1849), king Carlo Alberto abdicates to the throne.
Karl Marx
1848
Vittorio Emanuele II of Savoy (1820-1878), “ il re galantuomo”,
king of Sardinia, fist king of united Italy, hunter, lover.
vitt ema II
Camillo Benso, count of Cavour (1810-61), Piedmontese, liberal,
the prime minister of Vittorio Emanuele II who united Italy
war of Crimea
cavour
Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807-82), the “hero of the two worlds”,
General, patriot, republican, socialist, writer, lover,
conqueror of Naples and Sicily (for the Savoy)
garibaldi
1860. II war of independence. The French ally. Austria defeated
Italy unites. The kingdom of Italy (March 1861). Rome missing?
Napoleon III
Cavour dies
1861
The Mezzogiorno. North and South. Bandits or rebels?
Garibaldi gives the South to the King of Italy
south
Florence capital of Italy (1864-70).
The “destra storica”, a liberal ruling class
Baron B. Ricasoli Marco Minghetti
florence
1866. Third war of independence. The Prussian ally.
Kingdom of Prussia winner in the Austro-Prussian war.
Italy defeated both at sea and on the field. Veneto to Italy.
battle of Custoza
General La Marmora
Otto von Bismarck
1866
battle of Lissa
1870. Rome to Italy. End of papal state.
Napoleon III defeated by Bismarck
1871. Declaration of German Reich.
1870
Pius IX. The prisoner Pope. The
infallible Pope. The Pope of Syllabus.
The enemy of Savoy and liberalism
pio IX
1876-87. The “sinistra storica” to power.
“Trasformismo?”
Agostino Depretis (1813-87)
depretis
1882. The conservative alliance. Austria, Germany and Italy.
Rivalry with France on North Africa.
1882
Francesco Crispi(1818-1901, Sicilian statesman, prime minister,
former republican, crushed first social movements in Sicily,
tried to conquer colonies to Italy in Africa
crispi
The “fasci” siciliani
The “fourth Estate” / 1892: Italian socialist party
socialism
Italian colonialism
1890. Erithrea and
Somalia
Adua 1896. Italian army
defeated by ras Menelik
1911-12. Italy conquers
Lybia
Italy: a late joiner?
colonies
End of XIX century – first decades of XX: mass emigration
1913: 900.000 left Italy to America and Europe
emigration
1898. Political crisis. People killed in Milan by soldiers.
1900. King Umberto I
killed by anarchist
1898
Giovanni Giolitti. Statesman, Piedmontese,
the man of compromise
giolitti
1900-1913. Industrial Italy takes off
industrialisation
1913. Universal suffrage (for men)
1914. Social unrest. The “red week”
Gabriele
D’Annunzio
The “vate”
social unrest
1915-18. Italy joins France and Great Britain, or the fourth war
of independence.Trent and Triest. 600.000 soldiers dead
war
Vittorio Emanuele Orlando (1860-1952), Sicilian statesman and
jurist, the “president of victory”. Italy triumphant but..
D’Annunzio:
a “mutilated
victory?”
orlando
Italy 1920-21.The “biennio rosso”.
1921: Italian Communist Party founded
Antonio Gramsci
Vladimir Lenin
reds
Benito Mussolini, the “duce” of fascism
1922. Fascism at power
duce
1929
May 1936 (XIV).
Conquest of Ethiopia.
The Italian Empire
empire