Urbanisme et santé
Laura Donisetti coordinateur Milan Villes Santé
Municipalité de Milan – Direction Santé
Comune
di Milano
Grande Milano 4,5 million
d’habitants
Ville de Milano 1,3 million
d’habitants in 2006
Chaque jour
5.800.000 vehicles
entrent dans le territoir
de Grande Milano et
700.000 vehicles entrent
dans la Ville
Depuis 2001 la ville de
Milan a dessiné un
programme de
développement ambitieux:
- augmenter la population des
résidants,
r
- expandre l’attractivité de
Milan comme ville d’affaires,
des échanges, de culture et
d’attrait pour l’Europe,
- agrandir les espace verts bien
entretenus et surs.
Le fil rouge du programme est
le développement durable et
l'accessibilité des services ,
célà implique, donc , des choix
d’utilisation
des espaces urbains ( bâtis ou verts)
et de mobilité entre eux cohérents.
Le thèmes et l’ es évaluations
environnementales font parti du débat
de la communauté,
pas seulement comme attention primaire
aux facteurs écologiques mais aussi aux
facteurs sociaux
Healthy Urban Planning (HUP)
Planification Urbaine pour la Santé
“
est un des thèmes - coeur
du travail proposé par l’OMS
réseau des Villes Santé
au
MILAN a commencé ce travail en alliance avec:
OMS- Centre pour la Santé et l a Gouvernance,
Depart.Municipal d’Urbanisme et Depart.Services Sociaux,
Villes Santè, Université Polithécnique DIAP Milan,
sub -Reseau des Villes Santé

Healthy urban planning means planning for people. It promotes the
idea that the city is much more than buildings, streets and open
spaces but a living organism, the health of which is closely linked to
that of its citizens.

Healthy urban planning focuses on the positive impact that urban
planning can have on human health, well-being and quality of life and
reflects WHO’ s broad definition of health.

It aims to refocus urban planners on the implication of their work for
human health and well-being...



Health is a core element of sustainable development & healthy urban
planning aims to improve both the quality of the built environment
and the quality of life of individuals and communities in cities. It can
help create a healthy economy, a healthy environment and a healthy
society.*
*Barton H & Tsourou C, Healthy Urban Planning, - A WHO guide to planning for people, Spon 2000
Urban planning
can have a major impact on conditions in cities.
The conditions in which people live and work, their
access to facilities and services, their lifestyles, and
their ability to develop strong social networks are all
influenced by the plans, policies and initiatives of
urban planners and related professions.
At the same time these are
key things which determine the health, well being
and quality of life of people in cities
Qualité de la vie dans l’environnement urbain
is marqued by the relationship between the constructed
environment and physical and mental health, healthy living
& healthy life styles
is determined by
quality of urban settlements and urban form
quality and role of public spaces
architectural barriers, accessibility, design for all
quality of life and quality of services
collaborative planning and Healthy Urban Planning
urban safety
Qualité de la vie dans l’environnement urbain
Is determined by
 quality of urban settlements and urban form
 quality and role of public spaces
 architectural barriers, accessibility, design for all
 quality of services
 collaborative planning and Healthy Urban Planning
 urban safety
L’approche Villes Santé et Urbanisme
est congénial à la
création de
politiques et
d’actions de
développement
urbain favorables à
la santé
car il assume en
même temps des
objectifs de justice
sociale, de
durabilité et de
participation
 Le programme veut faciliter
la coopération entre les
différents secteurs au sein
des villes .
Les faits : les
déterminants sociaux
de la santé
 comportement individuel et
style de vie
 -Influence de l’environnement social
-conditions structurelles locales
-conditions générales socio-
économiques, culturelles et
environnementales
Le premier niveau d’influence concerne le
comportement individuel et le style de vie.
L’environnement physique
qui se premier niveau d’influence sur la
santé trouve façonné par les décisions d’urbanisme
peut soit faciliter soit être
un frein à un mode de vie salutaire.
Le second niveau d’influence sur la santé
de l’individu se réfère à l’environnement social :
l’urbanisme peut être un agent destructeur
des réseaux sociaux, c’est le cas dans les projets de
rénovation urbaine sans
nuance, il peut à l’inverse, entretenir les possibilités d’une
vie de quartier pleine de richesses.
Au troisième niveau d’influence – les conditions
structurelles locales – la politique d’aménagement
affecte très directement et de façon diversifiée la
santé de l’individu.
Au niveau le plus large… on note que l’organisation
urbaine locale a une influence sur la qualité de l’air,
de l’eau et des ressources du sol. L’organisation
urbaine a également un effet sur l’émission de gaz
à effet de serre
…
*Whitehead et Dahlgren
Le santé est conçue
comme un des
aspect de la
« qualité de vie »
urbaine,
mais la création d’un
Département
Municipal de la
Santé a introduit un
plus fort intérêt
pour les
« faits de santé »
L’activité de Milan répond aux 5 priorités
Strategic Planning for Health
Urban planning and elderly people
Healthy Neighbourhood
Mobility and Transport
Physical activity
*ource: HUP Sub-Network Preparatory Meeting, Milan, 15-16 April 2005
il coinvolgim/la partecipazione
.
Strategic Planning and Health
The strategic document will identifies
seven objectives for the city’s development:
•
implementation of the
urban market
improvement
of links between mobility
and urban projects
•
•
creation of a new plan
for green areas at local
and metropolitan level
•
reduction of territory
consumption
•
introduction of a principle of
equal distribution of the right to
build
•
implementation of public
services and facilities
•
improvement of life quality &
environmental sustainability
Processus pour le Plan des Règles de la Ville de Milan
avvio del piano
luglio 2007
apertura del processo
richiesta di contributi
ascolto della città
luglio 2007 ...
raccolta di contributi
elaborazione contenuti
luglio 2007 - giugno 2008
progettazione alla
scala locale
Gli obiettivi: i tre pilastri
Le Plan des Services
geocoding of services on the map
Main settings
N.of inhabitants, sq meters, density
Number & kind of services
Mobility and
Transport
Physical activity,
Urban Planning and elderly people
.
Gruppo di lavoro HUP: Ufficio Città Sane Milano Direzione
Urbanistica - DIAP Politecnico
& Direzione Servizi Sociali
Sono stati analizzati i progetti proposti dai
costruttori in due concorsi di edilizia abitativa
pubblica secondo il concetto della flessibilità
strutturale e capacità aggregante degli spazi. E’
stato fatto un confronto con progetti messi in atto da
altre realtà italiane e straniere evidenziando delle
buone pratiche.
Alla fine è stato stilato un documento con
indicazioni e suggerimenti sulle caratteristiche
opportune per edifici di edilizia pubblica
residenziale particolarmente adatti ad ospitare un
popolazione che “invecchia in salute”.
Milano “ abitare 1 e 2”
.
interventi su più livelli:
-da quello cittadino a quello del quartiere (in termini di risorse, di reti relazionali, ecc.);
-da quello abitativo (housing) a quello riferito al contesto territoriale (spazi pubblici e collettivi);
quello sociale e quello spaziale (anche nei suoi aspetti percettivi e simbolici);
DIAP POLITECNICO
PER COMUNE
MILANO HUP
- da quello riguardante il singolo anziano a quello riguardante
l’invecchiamento
dellaDIcomunità
Analyse des logement s,des maisons de retraite/ aparts
du Conseil Municipal
OWN’S HOME
(regeneration, services,
networks)n
NEW HOME
(with different
degrees of protection)
NEARNESS HOMES
(cohousing )
TEMPORARY HOME
NEW SOLUTIONS
FOR NURSING
HOMES
•SUITED HABITAT
•REDEVELOPMENT
NEIGHBOURHOOD
•SOCIAL CARETAKING
•FAMILY SERVICES
•HOME CARE (home help
service and home nursing
medical service)
•BIOTELESURVEILLANCE
•DAY CARE CENTRE AND
•SOCIAL NETWORK
ACTIVATION AND
PUBLICALLY
COLLECTIVE SERVICES
(time bank, lunchrooms etc.)
•DWELLING
PLACES AT
MARKET PRICE OR
FOR ELITE
•PROTECTED
VILLAGES
•COOPERATIVE
BUILDING (plus
services)
•SHELTERED
HOUSES
•PERMANENT OR
INDEPENDENT
COMMUNITY
HOUSES (e.g.
Abbeyfield)
•HALL BUILDING
WITH SHELTERED
HOUSES
•SMALL LIFE UNITS
SELFMANAGED
(cohousing)
•HOLIDAYS HOMES
•REPLACING IN
SOCIAL
NETWORKAND
COMMUNITY
SERVICES
(not just for elderly)
•ELDERLY MOVEMENT
IMPROPERLY HOUSED
•INTERNAL
REBUILDING OF
NURSING HOMES
•TRANSFORMATION
FROM NURSING
HOMES TO
SHELETERD HOUSES
•FAMILY SERVICES
(Kangaroo homes,
Cantous)
•SUPPORTIVE
APARTMENT HOUSES
•ELDER PEOPLE +
OTHER FAMILIES
(young couples, students,
foreigners, etc.)
•TEPORARY
COMMUNITY HOUSES
(Nights welcome, week
end etc.; for rehabilitation
or for resting etc.)
•DAY
REHABILITATION
CENTRE
Healthy Neighbourhood
Following the healthy cities approach,
the City Council will try to include
health as a core theme
into the seven objectives of the strategic document
In particular,
the aim is to integrate
into strategic
planning the key
principles of healthy
cities which are:
promotion of healthy life
styles, social
cohesion, promoting
quality of housing,
accessibility to work
and to services and
facilities, equity,
safety, quality of
environment, climate
conditions.
Traduction des lignes guide pour Urbanisme sain
Target N°2 encourager et soutenir la cohésion sociale
Les politiques urbaines
ne peuvent pas créer
les communautés ou les réseaux de cohésion sociale,
mais ces dernières peuvent être facilitées
à travers la réalisation d’ un environnement sur et perméable qui inclue des
lieux d’agrégation sociale, et
à travers la promotion d’ intervention pour reduir
l’isolement et l’exclusion sociale.
Secteurs clef:
Services socio-sanitaires
Planning urbain
Jardins et environnement
Transport et traffic
Sureté urbaine
Banlieues
Culture
Sport
Healthy Urban Planning Manual WHO 1999- tradct .L.Donisetti
Indicatori suggeriti
Strutture pubbliche più frequentate
(strutture sportive, musei, ecc.)
Nuove strutture pubbliche
Organizzazioni di volontariato
Disagio psichico
Numero di persone affette da problemi psichici
seguiti dal CPS
Piazze e altri spazi verdi attrezzati per la
sosta e lo svago
%
n° per anno
n°/1.000 ab.
n°
n°
n° per zone di
decentramento
Aggregazione giovanile e degli anziani
n° centri di aggregazione
per giovani e per anziani
(pubblici e privati)
% sulle due popolazioni
Opportunità di aggregazione
intergenerazionale e interetnica
n° centri o iniziative che
promuovono queste
opportunità
Azioni comunitarie, di quartiere
n° iniziative locali
PROGETTO PORTA
NUOVA
ATTENZIONE ALLA
PROGETTAZIONE EDILIZIA
ECOSOSTENIBILE
- COGENERAZIONE
- POMPE DI CALORE IN
EMUNGIMENTO DALLA FALDA
- USO DEL FOTOVOLTAICO
- APPLICAZIONE DI TECNICHE E
METODOLOGIE DI MONITORING
- USO DI MATERIALI RICICLABILI
ED ECOSOSTENIBILI.
STIMA DELLA RIDUZIONE DELLE
EMISSIONI DEL 30%
Assessorato Sviluppo del Territorio
Settore Progetti Strategici
CONFERENZA “CONCERTO”
“DA PORTA NUOVA A EXPO 2015 - NUOVI AMBIENTI URBANI A MILANO
Merci de votre attention
 .
Laura Donisetti coordinateur Milan Villes Santé
Municipalité de Milan – Direction Santé
[email protected]
[email protected]