World, Europe and Italy
Rome, July 2009
-1-
Problem drugs in the world
-2-
Global use of psychoactive substances 2007
in % of population age 15-64
60%
> 50%
( > 2.2 billion)
50%
40%
25% - 30%
(1.1 - 1.3 billion)
30%
Drugs
20%
4.0% - 5.6%
(170 - 250 million)
10%
0.4% - 0.9%
(18 - 38 million)
0%
Alcohol consumers
Tobacco consumers
Sources: UNODC and UNODC estimates based on WHO data
At least once a year
drug users
Problem drug users
-3-
Global deaths related to substance abuse
5 million
1.8 million
Drugs
0.2 million
Source: World Health Organisation
-4-
Substance use in Europe among 15-16 year old students, 2007
Source: ESPAD, 2009.
-5-
Annual prevalence of illicit drug use in Italy, 2001-2007
annual prevalence in %
16.0
14.6
14.0
11.2
12.0
10.0
8.0
6.2
7.1
6.0
4.0
1.1
2.0
1.2
2.2
2.2
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.0
Cannabis
Cocaine
2001
Source: EMCDDA, Statistical Bulletin 2009
2003
Amphetamines
2005
Ecstasy
2007
-6-
Number of drug-induced deaths in Italy, 1985-2008
1800
1566
1600
1383
1400
1161
Number
1200
1217
1195
1160
1080
1002 1016
974
1000
809
888 867
825
800
653 652
543
600
400
242
589
520 517
517
502
292
200
19
85
19
86
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
0
Sources: EMCDDA, Statistical Bulletin and Polizia di Stato, Relazione Annuale 2008 della Direzione Centrale per I Servizi Antidroga
-7-
Number of ‘problem drug users’ 2002-08
Source: UNODC, 2009 World Drug Report.
-8-
Lower coca cultivation in 2008
221,300
225,000
-24%
200,000
-8%
181,600
167,600
+6%
150,000
125,000
+4%
100,000
75,000
-18%
50,000
25,000
Colom bia
Peru
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
0
1994
Hectares
175,000
Bolivia
-9-
Cocaine seizures in Europe 1998 - 2007
140
121
120
Other
107
Germany
metric tons
100
88
79
73
80
Ireland
59
60
40
44
34
Belgium
United Kingdom
47
Italy
29
France
20
Portugal
Source: UNODC, Annual Reports Questionnaire Data / DELTA.
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
0
Netherlands
Spain
- 10 -
Very high cocaine seizures
800
seizures in metric tons
700
750
Average 2007 purity: 58%
711
600
Equivalent to
412 tons pure
cocaine
500
400
344
42 % of total
production
300
200
Italy 4 tons
100
West and Central Europe
Cocaine seizures presented at street purity
North America
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
0
South America*
Other
- 11 -
Western Europe: cocaine prices*, 1990-2007
120
100
92
Retail-price in
US$
prices per gram
82
76
80
66
Retail-price in €
60
56
47
46
Wholesale price
in US$
40
37
20
Wholesale price
in €
* Prices weighted by population
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
0
- 12 -
Lower opium cultivation in 2008
300,000
-16%
Hectares
250,000
200,000
+3%
150,000
Myanmar
-19%
100,000
Afghanistan
50,000
0
94
95
96
97
98
Afghanistan
99
00
01
02
Myanm ar
03
04
05
06
07
08
Lao PDR
- 13 -
Increasing opiates seizures
38
13
100
21
51
34
+ 33%
143 tons
11
11
10
44
39
32
46
27
- 41%
19 % of total
production
25
57
65
2007
2004
59
2006
61
2005
49
54
2003
54
2002
50
+ 14%
0
2001
metric tons of heroin equivalents
150
Heroin
Morphine
Opium (in heroin equivalents*)
- 14 -
Number of opiate users among West European countries
Italy
Source: UNODC, 2009 World Drug Report.
- 15 -
Falling cannabis use in Western Europe – except Italy
14.6
15.0
annual prevalence in %
Italy
Spain
11.311.2
11.2
10.1
10.0
9.2
England &
Wales
10.9
10.5
France
9.8
9.5
8.4 8.6
7.1
6.2
7.0
7.4
Denmark
6.9
6.0
6.2
4.7
5.0
5.0
Germany
5.2
4.4
Austria
7.5
5.6
4.7
3.5
3.5
Sweden
2.22.0
0.7
2000
2004
2006
1984*
2002*
2004
2008
1995
2000
2003
2006
1990
2000
2005
1995
2000
2002
2005
1996
2000
2003
2008
1999
2001
2003
2005
2008
2001
2003
2005
2007
0.0
* UNODC estimates based on local studies.
Source: UNODC, 2009 World Drug Report.
- 16 -
Falling cannabis use in 15-16 year olds
life-time prevalence in %
35
31
28
30
25
21
26
25
23 23
22
20
25
21
19
20
16
15
27
22 23
19
19
17
16
Italy
Europe
14
15
12
10
10
5
Boys
Source: ESPAD, 2009.
Girls
2007
2003
1999
1995
2007
2003
1999
1995
2007
2003
1999
1995
0
Total
- 17 -
Lifetime cannabis prevalence among adult population, 2005-06
Source: UNODC, 2009 World Drug Report.
- 18 -
Annual prevalence of ATS use in Italy, 2001-2007
0.7
annual prevalence in %
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
Amphetamines
2001
Source: EMCDDA, Statistical Bulletin 2009
Ecstasy
2003
2005
2007
- 19 -