Totalitarianism
Definition and Examples
• TOTAL government, or
state sponsored control
over all aspects of social
and political life.
• NO religious freedom
• NO political freedom
• NO individual freedom
• NO opposition to
authority!
Totalitarianism
Examples
Totalitarianism
Many Governments
Different Perspectives
Communism
1917-1991
Soviet Union
Ally
Fascism
1922-1943
Italy
Axis
Nazism
1932-1945
Germany
Axis
Imperial Japan
Late 1800’s-1945
Japan
Axis
COMMUNISM
• Soviet Union, 1917
• Government owns all
means of production
• The intention of
creating absolute
worker equality
Soviet Union-Communism
• Joseph Stalin “Man of
Steel”
• Totalitarian Leader
– Ruled USSR with
terror and fear.
– 1929-1953.
– Secret police and
prisons
– 50-90 million dead!
FASCISM
•
•
•
•
Totalitarianism
Militarism
Nationalism
Anti-Communism
• Fascism believes in the total
and complete superiority of the
state. The purpose of every
individual and institution is to
faithfully serve their state!
• Best way to serve???
Italy-Fascism
• Military
superiority and
strength as basis
of
– Manhood
– Nation-state
– Courage
• The Leader????
“IL DUCE”
Benito Mussolini
• Fascist Dictator
• Successful “march” to
Rome
• Head of:
– Departments of interior,
foreign affairs, of colonies,
of corporations, of the army
and of public works. Held
up to seven departments
simultaneously.
– He was the premier, the
head of the all-powerful
Fascist party, and the
armed Fascist militia.
Fascist Slogan…Translation
Please?
• “libro e moschetto – fascista perfetto
• Viva la morte
• Titto nello State, niente al di fuori dello State,
nulla contro lo State
• Credere, Obbediere, Combattere
For Love of Country
Fascist Slogans
• Libro e moschetto - fascista perfetto,
"The book and the musket - make the
perfect Fascist."
• Viva la Morte, "Long live death
(sacrifice)."
• The above mentioned Tutto nello Stato,
niente al di fuori dello Stato, nulla contro lo
Stato, "Everything in the State, nothing
outside the State, nothing against the
State."
• Credere, Obbedire, Combattere ("Believe,
Obey, Fight")
• THE TRAINS RAN ON TIME!!!!!!!
Germany, 1932
• Devastated economically, and culturally
after Versailles and global depression.
• National Socialist Democratic party gains
ground since 1920’s.
• The NAZIS believe in many fascist views
including:
– Military, Service to state, Government support
of industry, Anti-Communist,
– BUT, what makes them different is…..
Anti-Semitism
Hitler Comes to Power
• Nazi’s elected (nonmajority) in 1932
• Hitler consolidates power
• Nuremberg Laws…Begin
separating Jews from
civic life
• Night of Long Knives:
Assassination of all
political opponents
• Economic progress with
military buildup.
Der Fuherer’s Face
• Propaganda?
• How so? What technique(s) are being
used?
• Who do you see referenced in this?
– How do you know it’s them?