Istituto di
Informatica e
Telematica del CNR
UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI UDINE
FACOLTA’ DI GIURISPRUDENZA
DIPARTIMENTO DI SCIENZE GIURIDICHE
I nuovi domini .eu:
profili giuridici e prospettive per gli imprenditori
Il ccTLD .eu
storia, stato e previsioni
Franco Denoth
Direttore IIT-CNR
Udine, 13-14 maggio 2005
1
6-Lug-00 Lettera da Erkki Likanen a Mike Roberts sul TLD.e
Istituto di
Informatica e
Telematica del CNR
Mr. Mike Roberts
CEO and President ICANN
4676 Admiralty Way, Suite330
Marina del Rey, CA 90292
Dear Mr. Roberts,
I would like to thank you for your recent visit to Brussels and for the exchange of information that took place
with the Commission services on that occasion.
During your visit you were again informed about the strong interest in Europe for the creation of the new
Internet Top Level Domain, .EU
The European Commission has thoroughly studied this initiative with the European institutions, ISPs, industry
and the local Internet community in Europe. Earlier this year we conducted a broad and open public consultation
on the proposal, based on a consultation document that has been posted on the web. That consultation confirmed
widespread support from major Internet interests in this proposal. Moreover, the setting up of the .EU Domain
is now part of the eEurope Action Plan, endorsed at the recent Feira European Council and thus endorsed at
the level of the Heads of State/Government of the 15 EU Member States.
omissis
Udine, 13-14 maggio 2005
2
10-Ago-00: Risposta di Mike Roberts a Erkki Lijkanen sul
TLD.eu
Istituto di
Informatica e
Telematica del CNR
August 10, 2000
Mr. Erkki Liikanen
Member of the Commission
European Commission
Rue de la Roi 200
B-1049 Brussels, Belgium
Dear Commissioner Liikanen Thank you for your formal request of July 6 concerning the creation of an Internet top level domain for
the European Union. At our recent meeting in Yokohama, a number of the ICANN Directors had an
opportunity to discuss your letter and to begin to address the policy issues related to consideration
of a .eu TLD registry.
For many reasons, past and present, the delegation of top level domains having a geographic component
to their definition is a sensitive matter. The Board strongly agrees with the views of Jon Postel, the
creator of IANA, that it is not the IANA's role to determine what is a country. At the same time, the
Board understands and supports the need for flexibility in adapting the Domain Name System to the
needs of the Internet community.
Since the .eu code does not currently appear in the ISO 3166-1 table which is referenced in the ICANN
ICP-1 policy document on country code delegations, the creation of .eu would appear likely to require a
policy action
Omissis
Udine, 13-14 maggio 2005
3
25-Set-00: Il ccTLD.eu all’esame del BoD di ICANN
Istituto di
Informatica e
Telematica del CNR
INTERNET CORPORATION FOR ASSIGNED NAMES AND NUMBERS
MINUTES OF SPECIAL MEETING
25 September 2000
DELEGATION OF ccTLDs
Mr. Roberts raised the need for interpretation of existing policies regarding the delegation of "country
code" top-level domains (ccTLDs). There are two areas in which the Board should consider clarifying
the manner in which ccTLD policies are to be implemented:
1. ICP-1, which summarizes the current ccTLD policies, states that new ccTLD "codes are
assigned from a table known as ISO-3166-1." On 6 July 2000, Erkki Liikanen, the European
Commissioner for Enterprise & Information Society, wrote to Mr. Roberts regarding the
possible establishment of an .eu TLD. Although the alpha-2 code "eu" is not directly included on
the ISO 3166-1 list, the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency, as pointed out in Mr. Liikanan's
letter, "has decided to extend the scope of the reservation of the code element EU to cover
any application of ISO 3166-1 that needs a coded representation of the name European
Union, including its being used as an Internet Top Level Domain." This gives it a status
that seems practically equivalent to direct listing. The IANA staff seeks the Board's
guidance as to whether codes not directly listed but having been granted an "any application"
reservation on the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency's exceptional reservation list should be treated
as subject to delegation under ICP-1.
Udine, 13-14 maggio 2005
4
25-Set-00: Risoluzione del BoD di ICANN sul ccTLD.eu
Istituto di
Informatica e
Telematica del CNR
Resolution:
While the "eu" code does not appear on that list, the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency
has designated the "eu" code as approved for "all uses." Confronted with this
situation, the IANA staff asked the Board for guidance. The Board's answer was that
the code should be regarded as available for delegation under existing
policy, and furthermore that no new TLDs should be established without a completed
registry agreement between ICANN and the registry operator.
Udine, 13-14 maggio 2005
5
22-Apr-02: Risoluzione del Parlamento Europeo
Istituto di
Informatica e
Telematica del CNR
Risoluzione del Parlamento Europeo sul regolamento per la messa in opera del dominio
di primo livello geografico ccTLD.eu nella Comunità Europea (Gazzetta ufficiale L 113)
REGOLAMENTO (CE) N. 733/2002 DEL PARLAMENTO EUROPEO E DEL
CONSIGLIO del 22 aprile 2002 relativo alla messa in opera del dominio di primo
livello .eu
11) Il presente regolamento è inteso a stabilire le condizioni di messa in opera del
dominio di primo livello .eu in maniera tale da designare un registro e determinare
il quadro di politica generale entro cui il registro stesso dovrà operare. Il presente
regolamento non disciplina i domini di primo livello geografici nazionali.
Udine, 13-14 maggio 2005
6
3-Set-02: Bando della Commissione Europea per il ccTLD.eu
Udine, 13-14 maggio 2005
Istituto di
Informatica e
Telematica del CNR
7
8-Apr-03: Costituzione formale di EURid
Istituto di
Informatica e
Telematica del CNR
Omissis
Udine, 13-14 maggio 2005
8
20-May-03
Istituto di
Informatica e
Telematica del CNR
La Commissione Europea designa EURid per la gestione del ccTLD.eu
22 May 2003
Brussels - Pisa - Stockholm, May 22nd 2003. Today, the Commission announced that it has chosen the EURid
consortium to run the .eu TLD. EURid is a not for profit organisation that is built around the Belgian, Italian and
Swedish registries.
This decision is the latest step in the process of creating a new European Top Level Domain extension. EURid
responded to the Call for Expression of Interest that was launched by the European Commission in August last year.
A panel of independent experts then evaluated the bids and indicated EURid as the best choice to run the .eu
registry.
The three registries have very complementary competences:
The Belgian registry (DNS BE) has gone through a successful liberalisation at the end of 2000, an experience that
is similar to the creation of a new registry. DNS BE will make available its automated registry system that is
considered as one of the most advanced in the market.
The Italian registry (IIT-CNR), as a division of a well-known research institute, has developed tools for securing
electronic transactions. Their security systems and the related know how, in combination with their experience
of running a large registry will be a key factor in the success of the .eu registry.
The Swedish registry (NIC-SE) has been involved in the creation of Internet standards and has a long
standing tradition of interactive consultation with the local and international Internet Community. This
experience will be crucial in the start up phase of .eu. Recently, .se has made the step to an open and unrestricted
registry.
Omissis
Udine, 13-14 maggio 2005
9
28-Set-04: L’attesa continua
Istituto di
Informatica e
Telematica del CNR
Dal sito EURID
EURid still awaits to sign a
contract with the European
Commission but date expected
soon.
Udine, 13-14 maggio 2005
10
12-Ott-04: La firma del contratto con la CE
Istituto di
Informatica e
Telematica del CNR
EURid press release
13 Oct 2004
At a small signing ceremony in Brussels yesterday, Fabio Colasanti, the Director General of the
European Commission's Information Society DG, joined with EURid board members: Pierre Verbaeten
(Chairman) Franco Denoth and Anders Janson to sign the Service Concession Contract to operate the
.eu registry.
With the contract now concluded, the Commission will formally notify ICANN of the selected
registry operator allowing official negotiations to commence between EURid and ICANN to have .eu
put in the root.
Though preparations for the launch of .eu can now proceed with a little more certainty, EURid will be
looking for a speedy conclusion to negotiations with ICANN in order to minimise delays in
launching .eu.
Omissis
Udine, 13-14 maggio 2005
11
3-Nov-04: Le “fantomatiche” preregistrazioni
Istituto di
Informatica e
Telematica del CNR
Comunicato di Registry Services
We have received many enquiries about EU Registry Services and web sites
registereu.com and europeanregistry.biz. EURid has no link with .eu Registry Services
(registereu.com or europeanregistry.biz) and urges caution when
receiving
unsolicited (spam) emails offering .eu registrations or taking money for pre-registrations.
At this time there are no accredited .eu registrars and it is not possible to register
or reserve a .eu name with us. "Pre-registrations" are offered by some companies but
sit only in their databases and have no official status with the .eu registry.
Udine, 13-14 maggio 2005
12
16-Nov-04: Richiesta di delegazione a ICANN
Istituto di
Informatica e
Telematica del CNR
Omissis
Omissis
Udine, 13-14 maggio 2005
13
22-Dic-04: Lettera di risposta di Paul Twomey sul contratto
EURid-ICANN
Istituto di
Informatica e
Telematica del CNR
Omissis
Your letter is most helpful in outlining the history of the .eu recognition by the European
Commission.
Omissis
I understand from my staff that we are in fact very close to concluding an agreement between
ICANN and EURid, and that they have sent a suggested time frame for completion.
Additionally, and in parallel, the IANA function will begin preparing the report that
explains the process by which the .eu ccTLD is delegated, to put before the Board for
approval and entering it into the rot DNS zone. I have asked my staff to complete the process
on our side as expediently as possible.
Omissis
Udine, 13-14 maggio 2005
14
21-Jan-05: Comunicato di EURid contro spam
Istituto di
Informatica e
Telematica del CNR
We have received a number of complaints from people who have received
unsolicited (spam) emails in which the sender claims to have pre-registered
their .eu domain name on their behalf.
Please note that there are no accredited .eu registrars at this time and it is not
possible to pre-register a .eu name with us. Such pre-registrations sit only in the
database of the provider offering the service and have no official status with the .eu
registry.
Over the coming months, we will accredit a network of .eu registrars across
Europe and publish a list on our web site. You will need to contact one of those
registrars in order to obtain your .eu name.
Udine, 13-14 maggio 2005
15
21-Mar-05: Risoluzione del BoD di ICANN sul ccTLD.eu
Istituto di
Informatica e
Telematica del CNR
Special Meeting of the Board
Minutes
21 March 2005
Delegation of .EU
Omissis
Whereas, at its meeting on 25 September 2000, the ICANN Board resolved (00.74) that “alpha-2 codes not on
the ISO 3166-1 list are delegable as ccTLDs only in cases where the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency, on its
exceptional reservation list, has issued a reservation of the code that covers any application of ISO 316-1
that needs a coded representation in the name of the country, territory, or area involved;”
Whereas, the code "EU" has been reserved by the ISO 3166-1 Maintenance Agency to cover any application of
ISO 3166-1 that needs a coded representation for the name European Union, including the use as a TLD.
Whereas, the European Commission has, following extensive consultations, issued a regulation laying down the
public policy rules concerning the implementation and functions of the .EU TLD (including principles governing
registration), and has designated EURid – the European Registry for Internet Domains – as the appropriate
registry for the .EU TLD.
Whereas, in a communication from EURid to the ICANN’s President and CEO, EURid indicated a willingness to
enter into a framework of accountability with ICANN and formally requested the delegation of the .EU ccTLD.
Resolved [05.__] the President and the General Counsel are authorized to enter into an
agreement with EURid and to complete the delegation of .EU to EURid.
This resolution was approved by the Board by a vote of 15-0, with no abstentions.
Udine, 13-14 maggio 2005
16
Il BoD di ICANN approva l’accordo del 21-Mar-05 per
l’inserimento del .eu nella radice
Istituto di
Informatica e
Telematica del CNR
EU Update
23 March 2005
Earlier this week, ICANN's Board took steps to authorize the delegation of .EU as a ccTLD (country
code Top Level Domain), and for ICANN Staff to enter into an agreement with EURid and to
complete the delegation of .EU. The technical teams of ICANN's IANA function and EURid are
working together to complete the entry of .EU in the DNS root.
The two-letter code for the European Union (.EU) appears on the ISO 3166-1 reserved list of alpha
two-letter codes of country names. At the request of the European Commission, the ISO Maintenance
Agency extended the scope of this reservation to cover any application of the two-letter code
representing the name European Union, including its being used as a TLD. Following this step, the
European Union commenced a process, in partnership with ICANN, to designate the .EU ccTLD.
Delegation of a new top level domain requires the completion of a number of procedures. The
key requirement is that for each domain there is a designated delegee for supervising that
domain's name space. In the case of .EU, the European Commission identified
EURid as the appropriate organization to manage .EU.
Udine, 13-14 maggio 2005
17
28-Apr-05: Il .eu apparenella radice di IANA
Udine, 13-14 maggio 2005
Istituto di
Informatica e
Telematica del CNR
18
29-Apr-05 ore 18,58: Il primo dominio .eu
Udine, 13-14 maggio 2005
Istituto di
Informatica e
Telematica del CNR
19
29-Apr-05: Le richieste
Istituto di
Informatica e
Telematica del CNR
L’attenzione al ccTLD.eu è altissima:
in poche ore dalla visibilità in rete si raggiunge un flusso di 7 richieste/secondo
Udine, 13-14 maggio 2005
20
10-Mag-05: Il sole 24 Ore parla del .eu
Istituto di
Informatica e
Telematica del CNR
.eu: l’Euro dei nomi in internet
L’Europa vale 215 milioni di navigatori
Quanti italiani?
Udine, 13-14 maggio 2005
21
12-Mag-05: I registrar dell’Europa dei 25 che hanno
dichiarato interesse al .eu
Istituto di
Informatica e
Telematica del CNR
AT
51
ET
1
LU
6
SE
45
BE
100
FI
8
LT
10
SI
5
CY
1
FR
54
LV
5
SK
18
CZ
21
GR
26
MT
3
UK
120
DE
199
IE
21
NL
603
DK
46
HU
13
PL
21
ES
25
IT
154
PT
13
Totale richieste 1569 (1044)
per un totale di oltre un milione di nomi (850.000)
Fra parentesi i dati a gennaio 2005
Udine, 13-14 maggio 2005
22
Istituto di
Informatica e
Telematica del CNR
EURid: Organizzazione regionale
•
Ufficio principale: Brussels
FI
•
Sviluppo principale: Brussels
SE
EE
– Centri di competenza in altri Paesi
•
IE
Gestioni regionali :
–
Nord : Sweden
–
Centro : Belgium
–
Sud : Italia
–
Est : Czech Republic
LV
LT
DK
UK
NL
BE
LU
PL
DE
CZ
FR
AT
SI
PT
ES
SK
HU
IT
GR
CY
MT
Udine, 13-14 maggio 2005
23
Istituto di
Informatica e
Telematica del CNR
Struttura organizzativa di EURid
Managing
Director
Technical
Director
Business Dev
Manager
Tech Dev
Manager
Operations
Manager
(4)
Software
Development
(4)
Registry systems
Name servers
System admin
Office support
Tech help desk
Eastern Regional
Office
4 regional
support officers
1 office admin
support
Central Regional
Office
4 regional
Communications
Manager
(3)
Web content
Newsletters
PR
Surveys
Registrar training
Promotion campaigns
Non-tech
representation
Administration
Manager
(4)
Human resources
Legal
Secretariat
Invoicing/accounts
support officers
Northern Regional
Office
4 regional
support officers
1 office admin
support
Southern Regional
Office
4 regional
support officers
1 office admin
support
Belgian office
Swedish Office
Italian Office
Czech office
Udine, 13-14 maggio 2005
24
Istituto di
Informatica e
Telematica del CNR
La registrazione sotto il ccTLD.eu
Chi registra? Persone fisiche e giuridiche che abbiano una residenza in uno degli stati
della UE
Per il “registrar” non ci sono restrizioni geografiche, ma devono sottostare alla legge di
uno degli stati membri dell UE e conformarsi alla legge europea per la protezione dei
dati
Tempi
Annuncio del sunrise
Fase
Min. 2 mesi
1
2 mesi
Fase
2
Registrazione
generale
2 mesi
Validazione dei diritti prioritari da parte del validatore (PWC)
Fase 1: Marchi registrati, indicazioni geografiche, nomi e acronimi di enti pubblici e organismi governativi
Fase 2: Fase 1 + Nomi d’impresa, nomi propri di persona (in alcuni stati), marchi non registrati (in alcuni stati)
Udine, 13-14 maggio 2005
25
Istituto di
Informatica e
Telematica del CNR
UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI UDINE
FACOLTA’ DI GIURISPRUDENZA
DIPARTIMENTO DI SCIENZE GIURIDICHE
Il ccTLD .eu
storia, stato e previsioni
Franco Denoth
Direttore IIT-CNR
[email protected]
Grazie per l’attenzione
Domande?
Udine, 13-14 maggio 2005
26