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őECUQ RGT ECUQŒ JC UXKNWRRCVQ FGK
RTKPEKRK IGPGTCNK EJG TKEQPQUEQPQ
RCTVKEQNCTK ICTCP\KG CNNŏCXXQECVQ UQV
VQRQUVQ C RGTSWKUK\KQPG EQOG NC RTG
UGP\CFGN2TGUKFGPVGFGNNŏ1TFKPGFGINK
CXXQECVK EQORGVGPVG PGN EQTUQ FGN
NG QRGTC\KQPK XGFCUK KP 1LHPLHW] F
*HUPDQLDG$QGUpHDOWURF)UDQFLD
HQTPGPFQKPQNVTGNGOQVKXC\KQPKFKVCNG
CEETGUEKWVCVWVGNC5GEQPFQNC%QTVGNG
OCIIKQTKICTCP\KGTKEQPQUEKWVGCNNŏCX
XQECVQ UQPQ FC EQPUKFGTCTUK EQOG WP
EQTQNNCTKQ RGT VWVGNCTG KN FKTKVVQ FGN
ENKGPVG C PQP EQPVTKDWKTG CNNC RTQRTKC
KPETKOKPC\KQPG &KHCVVK UGEQPFQ NC
%QTVGNŏCWVQTKV´RWDDNKECPGNNCTKEGTEC
FGINK GNGOGPVK FK RTQXC PQP RWÍ CX
XCNGTUK FK OG\\K EQGTEKVKXK Q FK RTGU
UKQPG VCNK FC CPFCTG EQPVTQ NC XQNQPV´
FGNNŏCEEWUCVQ
XGFCUKKP$QGUpDDOWUR
F )UDQFLD h &C SWK NC OCIIKQT
VWVGNC UW VWVVC NC FQEWOGPVC\KQPG G NG
OD3D]LHQ]D
KPHQTOC\KQPKTKUGTXCVGGUGITGVGEJGNŏCXXQECVQTKEGXGFCN
RTQRTKQCUUKUVKVQ
2GTSWCPVQTKIWCTFCNŏCTVKEQNQFGNNC%QPXGP\KQPGPGN
ECUQ1LHPLHW]F*HUPDQLDNC%QTVGJCCHHGTOCVQEJGKP
VGTRTGVCTGKEQPEGVVKFKőXKVCRTKXCVCŒGőFQOKEKNKQŒKPENW
FGPFQ KP GUUK K NQECNK Q NG CVVKXKV´ RTQHGUUKQPCNK TKURQPFG
CNNQ UEQRQ GUUGP\KCNG FGNNŏCTVKEQNQ EJG Â SWGNNQ FK RTG
OWPKTGNŏKPFKXKFWQEQPVTQNGKPIGTGP\GCTDKVTCTKGFGNRQVGTG
RWDDNKEQ
.C %QTVG JC SWKPFK KPENWUQ PGN EQPEGVVQ FK XKVC RTKXC
VC NŏCVVKXKV´ RTQHGUUKQPCNG FGNNŏCXXQECVQ CHHGTOCPFQ EJG
UCTGDDG VTQRRQ TGUVTKVVKXQ NKOKVCTG SWGUVQ EQPEGVVQ CF WP
őEGTEJKQ KPVKOQŒ FQXG EKCUEWPQ RWÍ EQPFWTTG NC RTQRTKC
XKVCRGTUQPCNGCUWQOQFQUECTVCPFQKPXGEGKNOQPFQGUVGT
PQ+NTKURGVVQFGNNCXKVCRTKXCVCFGXGKPENWFGTGCPEJGKNFK
TKVVQ RGT NŏKPFKXKFWQ FK NGICTG G UXKNWRRCTG FGNNG TGNC\KQPK
EQPKRTQRTKUKOKNK
+PSWGUVŏQVVKECNC%QTVGJCGUCOKPCVQNŏCVVKXKV´FGKRTQ
HGUUKQPKUVKKPIGPGTCNGEJGRTQRTKQPGNNŏGUGTEK\KQFGNNCNQTQ
CVVKXKV´ NCXQTCVKXC JCPPQ QEECUKQPG FK EQUVTWKTG WPC ſVVC
TGVGFKTCRRQTVKKPVGTRGTUQPCNKGSWKPFKFKCXGTGEQPVCVVKEQP
KNOQPFQGUVGTPQ2GTSWCPVQTKIWCTFCRQKINKCXXQECVKNC
%QTVG PQP JC CXWVQ FKHſEQNV´ C TKEQPQUEGTG EJG EJK GUGT
EKVC SWGUVC RTQHGUUKQPG RWÍ CTTKXCTG C EQUVKVWKTG WPC UGTKG
FK TGNC\KQPK VCNOGPVG EQORNGUUG FC PQP TKWUEKTG RKÔ C FK
UVKPIWGTGVTCXKVCRTKXCVCGXKVCRTQHGUUKQPCNG.C%QTVGJC
CHHGTOCVQKPQNVTGEJGCPEJGNCPQ\KQPGFKőFQOKEKNKQŒFGD
DC GUVGPFGTUK CNNQ UVWFKQ FK WP CXXQECVQ .C %QTVG UGO
RTGKPOGTKVQCNNŏCTVKEQNQFGNNC%QPXGP\KQPGUKCPGNECUQ
$QGUp H DOWUR F )UDQFLD EJG PGN ECUQ ;DYLHU 'D 6LOYHLUD
F)UDQFLDFQRQCXGTXGTKſECVQNŏGUKUVGP\CFKWPCDCUGNG
ICNG G FK WPQ UEQRQ NGIKVVKOQ Â RCUUCVC CF GUCOKPCTG UG
NŏKPIGTGP\CFGNNQ5VCVQRQVGUUGTKVGPGTUKPGEGUUCTKCKPWPQ
5VCVQ FGOQETCVKEQ G RGTVCPVQ NGIKVVKOC 0GN ECUQ $QGUp H
DOWURF)UDQFLDFQXGPGNEQTUQFKWPCEEGTVCOGPVQſUECNG
FKURQUVQ PGK EQPHTQPVK FK WPC UQEKGV´ GTC UVCVC GHHGVVWCVC
WPC RGTSWKUK\KQPG CPEJG RTGUUQ NQ UVWFKQ FGK UWQK NGICNK
NC%QTVGJCCHHGTOCVQEJGSWCPFQKNFKTKVVQKPVGTPQRTGXGFG
NCRQUUKDKNKV´FKRGTSWKUK\KQPKQFKXKUKVGFQOKEKNKCTKRTGUUQ
NQ UVWFKQ FK WP CXXQECVQ SWGUVG FGXQPQ KORGTCVKXCOGPVG
GUUGTGUXQNVGPGNTKURGVVQFKICTCP\KGURGEKſEJG
0GNECUQFKURGEKGNCXKUKVCFQOKEKNKCTGGTCUVCVCCEEQO
RCIPCVCFCWPCICTCP\KCURGEKCNGFKRTQEGFWTCFCVQEJGKN
2TGUKFGPVGFGNNŏ1TFKPGFGINKCXXQECVKEQORGVGPVGGTCRTG
UGPVGFWTCPVGNŏKURG\KQPGGCXGXCRQVWVQGURTKOGTGNGRTQ
RTKGEQPVGUVC\KQPKCUCNXCIWCTFKCFGNUGITGVQRTQHGUUKQPCNG
6WVVCXKCNC%QTVGJCTKNGXCVQEJGVCNKEQPVGUVC\KQPKWPK
VCOGPVG CN HCVVQ EJG KN IKWFKEG EQORGVGPVG PQP HQUUG RTG
UGPVG FWTCPVG NŏKURG\KQPG PQP GTCPQ TKWUEKVG CF KORGFKTG
NŏGUCOGFKVWVVKKFQEWOGPVKRTGUGPVKPGNNQUVWFKQPÃKNNQTQ
UGSWGUVTQ
+PQNVTG K FQEWOGPVK UGSWGUVTCVK VTC EWK CNEWPK OCPQ
UETKVVKFCINKUVGUUKCXXQECVKTKEQTTGPVKGTCPQUVCVKWVKNK\\CVK
EQOGRTQXGRGTUVCDKNKTGNCHTQFGKRQVK\\CVCCECTKEQFGNNC
UQEKGV´CUUKUVKVCFCKNGICNKKSWCNKGTCPQRGTCNVTQCUUQNWVC
OGPVG GUVTCPGK CNNŏCVVKXKV´ KNNGEKVC EJG UK UQURGVVCXC GUUGTG
UVCVCEQOOGUUC
)KWTKURTWFGP\CTGEGPVG 15
OD3D]LHQ]D
16 )KWTKURTWFGP\CTGEGPVG
5GEQPFQ NC %QTVG EQP NG KURG\KQPK
G K UGSWGUVTK QRGTCVK CNNŏKPVGTPQ FGNNQ
UVWFKQFGINKCXXQECVKTKEQTTGPVKNŏCWVQ
TKV´RWDDNKECCXGXCCESWKUKVQWPCUGTKG
FK GNGOGPVK FK RTQXC RQK WVKNK\\CVK RGT
EQPHGTOCTG K UQURGVVK EKTEC NC HTQFG
EJG NC UQEKGV´ ENKGPVG CXGXC EQOOGU
UQ 6WVVCXKC NŏQDKGVVKXQ C EWK VGPFGXC
NŏCWVQTKV´ RWDDNKEC GTC FC EQPUKFGTCTUK
URTQRQT\KQPCVQ &C SWK NC FKEJKCTC\KQ
PGFGNNŏKPVGTXGPWVCXKQNC\KQPGFGNNŏCTV
FGNNC%QPXGP\KQPG
4GEGPVGOGPVGNC%QTVGJCGUCOKPC
VQKNECUQ;DYLHUGD6LOYHLUDF)UDQFLD
CHHTQPVCPFQKNECUQFKWPCXXQECVQRQT
VQIJGUG EQP UVWFKQ G FQOKEKNKQ CPEJG
KP (TCPEKC OC PQP KUETKVVQ CF CNEWP
1TFKPGHTCPEGUGEJGCXGXCUWDKVQWPC
RGTSWKUK\KQPGRTGUUQKNRTQRTKQUVWFKQG
NCRTQRTKCCDKVC\KQPGUGP\CNŏCUUKUVGP\C
FGN2TGUKFGPVGFGNNŏ1TFKPGFGINKCXXQ
ECVKGUGP\CCXGTRQKCXWVQNCRQUUKDKNK
N
V´FKQRRQTUKGHſECEGOGPVGCNNŏCXXGPW
VQUGSWGUVTQ
.C %QTVG JC GUCOKPCVQ KN ECUQ
GUENWUKXCOGPVGUQVVQKNRTQſNQFGNNŏCT
VKEQNQ RWT GUUGPFQ UVCVK KPXQEC
VK CPEJG INK CTVKEQNK G FGNNC
%QPXGP\KQPG #PEJG KP SWGUVQ ECUQ
NC %QTVG JC GUCOKPCVQ NC PGEGUUCTKGV´
FGNNŏKPIGTGP\C FC RCTVG FGNNŏCWVQTKV´
RWDDNKEC CTTKXCPFQ CF CHHGTOCTG EJG
NG RCTVKEQNCTK ICTCP\KG TKEQPQUEKWVG CN
TCRRQTVQ ſFWEKCTKQ GUKUVGPVG VTC ENKGP
VG G CXXQECVQ FGXQPQ XCNGTG CPEJG
RGT INK CXXQECVK TGUKFGPVK KP WPQ FGINK
5VCVKOGODTKFGNNŏ7PKQPGGWTQRGCEJG
XQINKCPQ GUGTEKVCTG C VKVQNQ RGTOCPGP
VG QF QEECUKQPCNG EQP KN NQTQ VKVQNQ FK
QTKIKPGNCNQTQCVVKXKV´RTQHGUUKQPCNGKP
(TCPEKC4KIWCTFQKPXGEGCNNŏCTVKEQNQ
hFGNNC%QPXGP\KQPGPGNECUQ$QGUq
HDOWURF)UDQFLDKTKEQTTGPVKCXGXCPQ
GEEGRKVQEJGNCRTQEGFWTCFKKURG\KQPG
4CXQPE(TCPEKC
TKEQTUQPUGPVGP\CFGNHGDDTCKQ
EQPFQVVC PGN EQTUQ FGNNŏCEEGTVCOGPVQ
VTKDWVCTKQGKNUWEEGUUKXQUGSWGUVTQFGK
FQEWOGPVKGHHGVVWCVKRTGUUQKNNQTQUVW
FKQCXGXCPQXKQNCVQKNUGITGVQRTQHGU
UKQPCNGGKNTKURGVVQFGNFKTKVVQFKFKHGUC
4KEJKCOCPFQ WP ECUQ UKOKNG NC %QTVG
JC CHHGTOCVQ EJG NC RTQEGFWTC RTGXK
UVCFCNNCNGIIGTGNCVKXCCNRTQEGFKOGP
VQ VTKDWVCTKQ HTCPEGUG G TKIWCTFCPVG NG
KURG\KQPK PQP TKURQPFGUUG CNNG GUKIGP
\GFKGSWKV´UVCDKNKVGFCNNŏCTVKEQNQh
FGNNC%QPXGP\KQPG3WGUVQRGTEJÃPQP
GTCUVCVQRQUUKDKNGWPCEEGUUQCNVTKDW
PCNG RGT QVVGPGTG WPC FGEKUKQPG UWNNG
EQPVGUVC\KQPK CXCP\CVG GUUGPFQ NG QT
FKPCP\G FKURQUKVKXG FGNNG XKUKVG FQOK
EKNKCTKKPOCVGTKCVTKDWVCTKCKORWIPCDKNK
UQNQKPECUUC\KQPGFQXGÂRQUUKDKNGWP
EQPVTQNNQFKFKTKVVQOCPQPFKOGTKVQ
$QWRQHOOD0DVFLD
OD3D]LHQ]D
)KWTKURTWFGP\CTGEGPVG 17
,/&$62*22*/(
,/)$772
+
P WPC UEWQNC VQTKPGUG CFQNGUEGPVK
CHHGVVKFCNNCPQPTCTCUVWRKFKV´VKRKEC
FGNNŏGV´XGUUCPQWPEQORCIPQFKXGTUC
OGPVG CDKNG 7PQ FGK TCIC\\K TKRTGPFG
KNIGUVQKFKQVCEQNVGNGHQPKPQ.CTCIC\
\CFGNITWRRQKPVTCRTGPFGPVGGVGEPQ
NQIKECOGPVGCIIKQTPCVCRGTEQPUCETCTG
NŏKIPQDKNG KORTGUC őECTKECŒ KN ſNOCVQ
UWWPCFGNNGOQNVGRKCVVCHQTOGFKEQP
FKXKUKQPGKPTGVG'TCCNNŏGRQEC)QQING
XKFGQQIIKUCTGDDG;QWVWDG
.C TGVG C SWGN RWPVQ HC KN UWQ OG
UVKGTG QXXGTQ XGKEQNC PGN OQPFQ RQ
VGP\KCNOGPVG C SWCUK FWG OKNKCTFK FK
RGTUQPGNCURTGIGXQNGGXKNGKORTGUC
+NXKFGQIKCEGRGTCNEWPKOGUKRGTUQ
PGN ITQXKINKQ FK KPVGTPGV +N ſNG Â ſUK
ECOGPVGCNNQECVQUWUGTXGTFKRTQRTKGV´
FK )QQING Â CUVTCVVCOGPVG XKUKDKNG FC
OQNVKKPEQPETGVQRQEJKRGTFQPQVGO
RQ C IWCTFCTG NC RGUUKOC TCRRTGUGP
VC\KQPG %KÍ UKPQ CN IKQTPQ KP EWK WP
DNQIIGT KVCNKCPQ RGT UVKIOCVK\\CTPG KN
IGUVQFKDWNNKUOQőNKPMCŒKNXKFGQEJG
KOOGFKCVCOGPVG QVVKGPG NŏGHHGVVQ őXK
TCNGΠG PGN IKTQ FK RQEJG QTG TCIIKWP
IG CNEWPG OKINKCKC FK XKUWCNK\\C\KQPK
0GNNŏCTEQ FK XGPVKSWCVVTQ QTG FQRQ
FKXGTUK EQOOGPVK PGICVKXK KN ſNOCVQ
XKGPG őƀCIICVQŒ QXXGTQ UGIPCNCVQ VTC
OKVGNŏCRRQUKVCDCPFKGTKPC
ƀCIEQOG
XKFGQKPKFQPGQGCPEJGUWEQPVGUVWCNG
TKEJKGUVC FGNNC 2QNK\KC 2QUVCNG )QQING
PGNNGUWEEGUUKXGXGPVKSWCVVTQQTGGNKOK
PCKNFQEWOGPVQ
2QKEJÃ CNNŏKPVGTPQ FGN ſNOCVQ EQP
VQPQ ECP\QPCVQTKQ WPQ FGK VQTOGPVC
VQTKEKVCVTCHTCUKUEWTTKNKNŏCUUQEKC\KQPG
8KXKFQYPEJGÂQTICPK\\C\KQPGEJGUK
QEEWRCFKTCIC\\KFKUCDKNKKNRTGUKFGP
VG FGNNŏGPVG RTGUGPVC FGPWPEKC SWG
TGNC CNNC 2TQEWTC FGNNC 4GRWDDNKEC FK
/KNCPQ .C XKEGPFC XKGPG CORNKſECVC
FCKOGFKCVTCFK\KQPCNKEJGQXXKCOGPVG
RWDDNKECPQKOOCIKPKFGNXKFGQFKHHQP
FGPFQ WNVGTKQTOGPVG NŏKPFGIPC KORTG
UC 8GPIQPQ RTGUGPVCVG KPVGTTQIC\KQPK
RCTNCOGPVCTK GF CPEJG NC HCOKINKC FGN
TCIC\\QUKTKXQNIGCNNCOCIKUVTCVWTC
.CXKEGPFCUWKOGFKCVTCFK\KQPCNK
VTQXCRQUVQVTCNGőRTQXGCECTKEQŒFGN
NCRGTKEQNQUKV´FGNNCTGVGKPVGTPGVKPUKG
OG C RGFQſNKC HWTVK FK KFGPVKV´ E[DGT
VGTTQTKUOQRQTPQITCHKCRKTCVGTKCGTG
CVKXCTKFŏQRKPKQPGVWVVQHCIKQEQRGT
FKOQUVTCTG K RGTKEQNK FGN 9QTNF 9KFG
9GD + OGFKC VTCFK\KQPCNK IKQTPCNK G
VGNGXKUKQPKKPVGUVCPWVTQPQRQECUKO
RCVKCRGTWPOG\\QUVTCQTFKPCTKCOGPVG
RQVGPVGCRRCTGPVGOGPVGKPIQXGTPCDKNG
GCKRKÔKIPQVQGOKUVGTKQUQ
2QKEJÃPGNOQPFQFKIKVCNGNGVTCEEG
UQPQOQNVGGFKHſEKNOGPVGGNKOKPCDKNK
KPDTGXGVGORQNC2QNK\KC2QUVCNGEQP
NCEQNNCDQTC\KQPGFK)QQINGTKUCNGCINK
CWVQTKFGNNŏKPUCPQIGUVQGFQXXKCOGPVG
CTGIKUVCFKNGVVCPVGGFCNNCTCIC\\CEJG
RGPUÍ FK FKHHQPFGTG NG VTKUVK KOOCIK
PKVWVVKOKPQTGPPKVWVVKRTQEGUUCVKFCN
EQORGVGPVGVTKDWPCNGITC\KGC&KQUGP
\CENCOQTKOGFKCVKEKGRCVGVKEJGTKEJKG
UVGFKRGPVKOGPVKVGNGXKUKXK
)KWUVK\KC Â HCVVC! 0Q 0QP RGT NC
2TQEWTC FK /KNCPQ EJG TKVKGPG UWUUK
UVGTGWPCTGURQPUCDKNKV´RGPCNGKPECRQ
CNNC UQEKGV´ EJG IGUVKXC NC RKCVVCHQTOC
FKEQPFKXKUKQPGQXXGTQKNEQNQUUQUVC
VWPKVGPUG)QQING
/¶$&&86$
.CVGUKFGN2/KPXGTQCUUCKEQO
RNGUUC PGNNC HQTOWNC\KQPG KP FKTKVVQ
RWÍ ETGFQ GUUGT TKFQVVC CNNC UGIWGPVG
KFGCFKHQPFQINK+52
+PVGTPGV5GTXKEG
2TQXKFGT QXXGTQ K HQTPKVQTK FK UGT
XK\K KP TGVG UQPQ TGURQPUCDKNK RGT K
EQPVGPWVK EJG XGKEQNCPQ G FKHHQPFQPQ
UXQNIQPQ FK HCVVQ G RGT ſPK FK RTQſV
VQWPŏCVVKXKV´RGTKEQNQUCRQKEJÃEQOG
PGNECUQVTCVVCPQFCVKRGTUQPCNKGFWP
SWGCUUWOQPQWPCRQUK\KQPGFKICTCP
\KCCPEJGSWCPFQUKNKOKVCPQCHQTPKTG
OGTCQURKVCNKV´
JQUVCEQPVGPWVKIGPG
TCVKFCVGT\KQXXGTQFCINKWVGPVK
5G )QQING XKFGQ Q ;QWVWDG Q
SWCNUKXQINKC UGTXK\KQ FK EQPFKXKUKQ
PG FGN 9GD PQP HQUUG WPC UQTVC
FK DCEJGEC OWNVKOGFKCNG UGP\C XCINK
RTGXGPVKXKGFWPSWGUGPQPXKHQUUGNC
RQUUKDKNKV´ RGT EJKWPSWG FK FKHHQPFGTG
UGP\C OGFKC\KQPK Q ſNVTK SWCNUKXQINKC
EQPVGPWVQ NC FKHHCOC\KQPG FGN TCIC\
\Q G FGNNŏCUUQEKC\KQPG EKVCVC PQP XK
UCTGDDGUVCVCQEQOWPSWGPQPCXTGDDG
CXWVQ NŏKORCVVQ IGPGTCVQ FCNNC TGVG G
UQRTCVVWVVQ PGUUWP VTCVVCOGPVQ KNNGEKVQ
RGTEJÃ PQP CWVQTK\\CVQ FGK FCVK RGT
UQPCNK UGPUKDKNK FK WP TCIC\\Q FKUCDKNG
UCTGDDGCXXGPWVQ
.C VGUK Â UWIIGUVKXC G CRRCTGP
VGOGPVG FGIPC OC UQNQ KP WPŏQVVKEC
FK QHHGPUKXKV´ CUVTCVVC TKURQPFGPVG C
EQORTGPUKDKNK OC FKUEWVKDKNK GUKIGP\G
FK őRTGXGP\KQPG IGPGTCNGŒ EJG OCN UK
CFCVVCPQCNOQPFQFGNNCTGVG
5WNNQ UHQPFQ C DGP XGFGTG XK Â
WPC UQVVCEKWVC TKEJKGUVC FK TGURQPUC
DKNKV´ CUUKOKNCDKNG C SWGNNC FGN FKTGV
VQTG FGK IKQTPCNG QIPK UKVQ YGD FK
HCVVQ Â WPC RWDDNKEC\KQPG Â CUUKOK
NCDKNGCNRTQFQVVQGFKVQTKCNGGFWPSWG
RGTEJÃ PQP TKEJKGFGTG EQOG RGT NC
UVCORCWPőTGURQPUCDKNGŒEJGTKURQP
FC FGINK CVVK KNNGEKVK EQOOGUUK FCINK
WVGPVKőCOG\\QYGDŒ!
$GP EQPUEK FGNNŏCUUGP\C FK WPC
VCNG TGURQPUCDKNKV´ PGN PQUVTQ QTFK
PCOGPVQ KPXGTQ C NKXGNNQ GWTQRGQ NC
OD3D]LHQ]D
18 )KWTKURTWFGP\CTGEGPVG
&KT %' UCPEKUEG WPC UQUVCP
\KCNG KTTGURQPUCDKNKV´ RGT INK QRGTCVQTK
FGNEQOOGTEKQGNGVVTQPKEQNC2TQEWTC
FK/KNCPQKPXGPVCFWPSWGWPCUKPIQNC
TG HCVVKURGEKG K TGURQPUCDKNK FK )QQING
TKURQPFQPQ FGNNC FKHHCOC\KQPG RGT
QOGUUQEQPVTQNNQFGTKXCPVGPQPFCWPQ
URGEKſEQQDDNKIQFKNGIIGOCFCNNCIG
PGTKECRQUK\KQPGFKICTCP\KCEJGNŏQTFK
PCOGPVQ KORQPG C EJKWPSWG VTCVVK FGK
FCVK RGTUQPCNK +N EQFKEG KP OCVGTKC FK
RTQVG\KQPGFGKFCVKRGTUQPCNK
KN&.XQ
KORQPG WPC UGTKG FK QDDNK
IJK C EJK RGT ſPK PQP RGTUQPCNK VTCVVC
FCVK FK VGT\K FWPSWG FC VCNG FKUEKRNKPC
NC 2TQEWTC TKECXC WPC DCUG PQTOCVKXC
RGTFGNKPGCTGWPCRQUK\KQPGFKICTCP\KC
KP ECRQ CNNŏ+52 G KORWVCTG CK FKTKIGPVK
FK)QQINGWPEQPEQTUQOGFKCPVGQOKU
UKQPGPGNNCFKHHCOC\KQPGQNVTGCNTGCVQ
FKVTCVVCOGPVQKNNGEKVQFGKFCVKEQPVGPWVK
PGNXKFGQFKHHWUQ
.CUGPVGP\CEQOGPQVQCUUQNXGRGT
NC FKHHCOC\KQPG OC EQPFCPPC K FKTK
IGPVKFK)QQINGRGTKNNGEKVQVTCVVCOGPVQ
FK FCVK RGTUQPCNK UGPUKDKNK NŏKOOCIKPG
FGNTCIC\\QXGUUCVQ
02/7258025(3(5
18//$
2TKOCFKFCTEQPVQFGNOGTKVQFGNNC
UGPVGP\C UQPQ PGEGUUCTKG CNEWPG EQP
UKFGTC\KQPKEJGETGFQHQPFCOGPVCNKRGT
EJKCTKTG SWCNK TGCNOGPVG UKCPQ NG SWG
UVKQPKFKHQPFQGUGSWGUVGIKWUVKſEJKPQ
KN ENCOQTG FGNNC XKEGPFC GF KN FKDCVVKVQ
OQPFKCNGEJGNCRTQPWPEKCFGN)KWFKEG
OGPGIJKPQJCUWUEKVCVQ
.QUVGUUQ6TKDWPCNGKPEQORQUK\KQ
PGOQPQETCVKECUGPVGNCPGEGUUKV´FKTG
FCTTGKPECNEGCNNCUGPVGP\CWPŏKPWUWCNG
őEJKQUCŒWPCUQTVCFKRQUVUETKEVWOKP
EWKUKEKVCKNVKVQNQFGNNCPQVCEQOOGFKC
FK 5JCMGURGCTG ő7RR PXFK DGR DERXW
QRWKLQJŒ
&QRQ CXGT UETKVVQ RCIKPG FK
OQVKXC\KQPGKN)KWFKEGGXKFGPVGOGPVG
PQPRCIQFGNNGRTQRTKGCTIQOGPVC\KQPK
GUVGTPCCNEWPKRGPUKGTKEQOGFKTGEQN
NCVGTCNK
+P UKPVGUK KN OCIKUVTCVQ UK UVWRKUEG
FGN ENCOQTG OGFKCVKEQ FK WPC XKEGP
FCEJGCUWQIKWFK\KQPQPJCPWNNCFK
UVTCQTFKPCTKQ OQNVQ TWOQTG RGT PWNNC
CRRWPVQ
%QP WPC VGTOKPQNQIKC KORTGEKUC G
TKXGNCVTKEG FK WPC ITCPFG FKUVCP\C FCN
OQPFQFKKPVGTPGV
FKUVKPIWGVTCEQPVGPV
RTQXKFGTGUGTXKEGRTQXKFGTSWCPFQCK
ſPK EJG KPVGTGUUCPQ K EQPVGPV RTQXKFGT
UQPQUGTXKEGRTQXKFGTOGPVTGNCFKHHG
TGP\C TKNGXCPVG PGN ECUQ Â VTC EQPVGPV
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EJG EQP INK 1TFKPK RTQHGUUKQPCNK CVVTC
XGTUQ NC RCTVGEKRC\KQPG CF KPEQPVTK G
FKDCVVKVK EQOG KN EQPXGIPQ VGPWVQUK C
$TGUEKCKNOCIIKQFGNNQUEQTUQCPPQ
PGN SWCNG UQPQ KPVGTXGPWVK KP SWCNK
V´ FK TGNCVQTK QNVTG CNNQ UETKXGPVG KN
2TGUKFGPVGFGNNŏ1TFKPGDTGUEKCPQ#XX
8CPPK $CT\GNNQVVK NC 2TQHUUC %TKUVKPC
#OCVQ GF KN 2TQH #PVQPKQ &ŏ#PFTGC
FGNNŏ7PKXGTUKV´FGINK5VWFKFK$TGUEKC
%QPUKEWTQHCXQTGKPXGEGK)KQXCPK
.GICNK6QTKPGUKJCPPQCEEQNVQNCRTQRQ
UVCFKNGIIGTGIKQPCNG8KIPCNGő0QTOG
KP OCVGTKC FK UQUVGIPQ CNNG RTQHGUUKQPK
KPVGNNGVVWCNKΠEJG RTGXGFG PGN SWCFTQ
FK RKÔ CORKG CIGXQNC\KQPK G ſPCP\KC
OGPVK RGT VWVVK K RTQHGUUKQPKUVK CPEJG
WPHQPFQFCFGUVKPCTGCRTGUVKVKFŏQPQTG
RGT HCEKNKVCTG NŏCEEGUUQ CNNC NKDGTC RTQ
HGUUKQPGCKRKÔIKQXCPK
6TC NG CNVTG KPK\KCVKXG RTQOQUUG
FCNNŏ#).6QTKPQFKTGVVGRTKPEKRCNOGPVGC
FKHHQPFGTGNŏCUUQEKC\KQPGQNVTGCNNŏCNNGUVK
OGPVQFGNUKVQ
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XWQNTGPFGTGFKURQPKDKNKNGRTQPWPEGFK
OGTKVQFGNNGCWVQTKV´IKWFK\KCTKGNQECNK
RCTVKEQNCTOGPVG UKIPKſECVKXG XCPPQ
UGIPCNCVG NC ETGC\KQPG FK WPC PGY
UNGVVGT CVVTCXGTUQ NC SWCNG XGKEQNCTG
PQVK\KG GF KPHQTOC\KQPK FK KPVGTGUUG
RTQHGUUKQPCNGNŏCVVKXC\KQPGFKEQPXGP
\KQPKKPHCXQTGFGINKKUETKVVKNŏQTICPK\
\C\KQPG FK OQOGPVK FK EQPXKXKCNKV´
SWCNKEGPGPCVCNK\KGGFGUVKXGRTQRQUVG
EQPECFGP\CCPPWCNGCNſPGFKTCHHQT
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2GTWNVGTKQTKKPHQGTKEJKGUVGFKKUETK
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RTGEGFWVQ NŏKORGIPQ FGNNC PQUVTC
CUUQEKC\KQPG JC TKIWCTFCVQ XCTK CODKVK
VWVVKVTCNQTQCEEQOWPCVKFCNOQOGPVQFK
ETKUK EJG KN RCGUG G NG KUVKVW\KQPK UVCPPQ
CVVTCXGTUCPFQ
+N OCT\Q K )KWTKUVK
&GOQETCVKEK JCPPQ QTICPK\\CVQ WPC
IKQTPCVC PC\KQPCNG UWN RTQEGUUQ FGN NC
XQTQKPVKVQNCVCő&GECFGP\CFCNFKTKVVQQ
FGECFGP\C FGN FKTKVVQΠ5WN OGFGUKOQ
CTIQOGPVQ UK UQPQ VGPWVK EQPVGORQTC
PGCOGPVG EQPXGIPK KP WPFKEK EKVV´ KVC
NKCPGRGTUQVVQNKPGCTGNCPGEGUUKV´FKWPQ
UHQT\Q EQOWPG KPVGUQ C TGURKPIGTG KN
VGPVCVKXQFKUOCPVGNNCOGPVQFGNRTQEGU
UQFGNNCXQTQ
WPQFGKECTFKPKFGNPQUVTQ
QTFKPCOGPVQIKWTKFKEQTKURGVVQCNSWCNG
UK VTCVVGTGDDG UGOOCK FK KPVGPUKſECTG
G ſPCP\KCTG INK UHQT\K RGT ICTCPVKTG WPC
IKWUVK\KC EGNGTG CPEJG PGNNG UGFK CHƀKVVG
FC ETQPKEK TKVCTFK TCRRTGUGPVCVQ FC WP
RTQIGVVQFKNGIIGEJGEQPUGPVKTGDDGVTC
NŏCNVTQNŏKPUGTKOGPVQFGNNCENCWUQNCCTDK
VTCNG PGK EQPVTCVVK FK NCXQTQ +P EQNNCDQ
TC\KQPG EQP /CIKUVTCVK G FQEGPVK FGNNC
(CEQNV´FK)KWTKURTWFGP\CCNEWPKPQUVTK
KUETKVVKJCPPQVGPWVQNG\KQPKCINKUVWFGPVK
UWNNG RTQDNGOCVKEJG IKWTKFKEJG TKIWCT
FCPVKNŏKOOKITC\KQPGGKNFKTKVVQFKCUKNQ
K VGOK VTCVVCVK OGFKC G KOOKITC\KQPG
FKTKVVK G EQPFK\KQPG IKWTKFKEC FGNNQ UVTC
PKGTQVTCőTGIQNCTKV´ŒGőKTTGIQNCTKV´ŒKN
TWQNQ FGNNC EQOWPKV´ KPVGTPC\KQPCNG G
FGNNŏ7PKQPG 'WTQRGC KP OCVGTKC FK KO
OKITC\KQPG G FK CUKNQ KN UQVVQ UKUVGOC
RGPCNGCOOKPKUVTCVKXQ UWNNŏCNNQPVCPC
OGPVQFGNNQUVTCPKGTQKTGCVKFGINKKOOK
ITCVKRCTVGUQUVCP\KCNGRCTVGRTQEGUUWC
NGGRCTVGFGNNŏGUGEW\KQPGRGPCNG1NVTG
EJG RGT NŏGNGXCVQ NKXGNNQ VGQTKEQ FGNNG
NG\KQPK INK UVWFGPVK JCPPQ OCPKHGUVCVQ
XKXQKPVGTGUUGPGKTKIWCTFKFKPQTOCVKXG
FK EWK Â CUUCK FKDCVVWVC NŏCVVWC\KQPG FC
RCTVGFGINKQTICPKFKRQNK\KCGNŏKPVGTRTG
VC\KQPG PGNNG CWNG FGK 6TKDWPCNK GUCOK
PCVGCVVTCXGTUQNCEQPETGVCGURGTKGP\CG
NŏQVVKECFGNFKHGPUQTG
# FKUVCP\C FK OQNVK CPPK FCK OKGK
UVWFKUWRGTKQTKUVWRKUEGEJGCPEQTQIIK
PQPQUVCPVGINKUHQT\KFKCNEWPKFQEGPVKUK
HCVKEJKCFKPUVCWTCTGWPCRTQſEWCEQNNC
DQTC\KQPGVTCWPKXGTUKV´GOQPFQFGNNC
XQTQGINKUVWFGPVKOCPKHGUVKPQWPCPQP
UQFFKUHCVVC GUKIGP\C EJG PQP GUKVGTGK C
FGſPKTGőHCTPGŒFKECUKRTCVKEKUEQTIGP
FQPGKNQTQQEEJKWPKORTQXXKUQKPVGTGU
UGCNNQTEJÃUKCHHTQPVCſPCNOGPVGKNTCE
EQPVQFGKRTQEGUUKXGTK
.C RTGRCTC\KQPG FK EQPVGPWVQ GOK
PGPVGOGPVG VGQTKEQ FGK IKQXCPK EJG UK
CXXKCPQCNNCRTQHGUUKQPGTCRRTGUGPVCWP
RTQDNGOCRGTKNHWVWTQGRGTNŏKOOCIKPG
FGNNŏCXXQECVWTC G ſPKT´ RGT VTCFWTUK KP
WPCRTGUVC\KQPGFKSWCNKV´PQPCFGIWCVC
EJG RGPCNK\\GT´ KN EKVVCFKPQWVGPVG FGNNC
IKWUVK\KC
/KRTGQEEWRCOQNVQNCEQPUVCVC\KQPG
EJG UK CUUQVVKINKC UGORTG RKÔ RTGUUQ KN
%QPUKINKQFGNNŏ1TFKPGNŏGNGPEQFGKIKQ
XCPKFKURQPKDKNKCHTGSWGPVCTGNCRTCVKEC
HQTGPUG RQKEJÃ OK RCT FK EQORTGPFGTG
EJGEKÍPQPUKCKNUKPVQOQſPCNOGPVGFK
WPTCNNGPVCOGPVQFGKPWOGTKFKCEEGUUQ
CNNC RTQHGUUKQPG OC UGORTG RKÔ FK WP
RGTEQTUQ FKXGTUQ RGT IKWPIGTG CN EQP
UGIWKOGPVQFGNVKVQNQ2GTUGIWKVQQTOCK
CVVTCXGTUQ NC UEWQNC FK HQTOC\KQPG WP
CNVTQ CPPQ FK EQTUQ VGQTKEQ FK UVCORQ
WPKXGTUKVCTKQ EQP UECTUC RTGRCTC\KQPG
EQPETGVCFKCVVKIKWFK\KCTKGHTGSWGPVC\KQ
PGFKCWNGFKIKWUVK\KC
6CNG UKVWC\KQPG FGTKXC FC OQNVG
ECWUG VTC NG SWCNK CPEJG NC UECTUC RTQ
RGPUKQPG FK XCTK CXXQECVK PGN HQTPKTG
WP EQPETGVQ KPUGIPCOGPVQ G FGEQTQUG
EQPFK\KQPK FK NCXQTQ CK RTCVKECPVK EJG
UCTGDDG NWPIQ GUCOKPCTG VWVVCXKC RCTG
KPFWDKVCDKNG KN UWQ GHHGVVQ FGEKUCOGPVG
PGICVKXQ RGT KN HWVWTQ FGNNC RTQHGUUKQPG
G RGT KN ENKGPVG FK WP CXXQECVQ RTKXQ FK
CFGIWCVCRTGRCTC\KQPGRTCVKEC
6WVVQ EKÍ UK TKEQNNGIC CNNC TKHQTOC
FGNNC RTQHGUUKQPG KN EWK GUCOG PGNNŏCW
NC FGN 5GPCVQ RTQEGFG HCVKEQUCOGPVG
6TCNCUEKCPFQ WPC XCNWVC\KQPG UWK PW
OGTQUKCURGVVKFGNRTQIGVVQFKNGIIG
RGT
WP RKÔ FGVVCINKCVQ GUCOG OK RGTOGVVQ
UGIPCNCTG WP OKQ CTVKEQNQ UWN P
FK ő3WGUVKQPG )KWUVK\KCŒ 'F (TCPEQ
#PIGNK TKVGPIQ EJG PGN EQORNGUUQ
NŏCIQIPCVC TKHQTOC EQUÇ EQOG CVVWCN
OGPVG HQTOWNCVC PQP UKC KP ITCFQ FK
TKUQNXGTG K RTQDNGOK CRRGPC GXKFGP\KC
VKTKIWCTFCPVKNCRTGRCTC\KQPGFGKPWQXK
CXXQECVK G FWPSWG NC HWVWTC VWVGNC FGK
ENKGPVK
0QP RWÍ GUUGTNQ C DTGXG VGTOKPG
RQKEJÃ CUUWTFCOGPVG UK RTGXGFG EJG
RCTVK UKIPKſECVKXG FGNNC TKHQTOC SWGN
NG TKIWCTFCPVK CF GUGORKQ NŏGUCOG RGT
KN EQPUGIWKOGPVQ FGN VKVQNQ FK CXXQEC
VQ GPVTKPQ KP XKIQTG FQRQ EKPSWG CPPK
FCNNŏCRRTQXC\KQPG FGNNC NGIIG G EJKWP
SWGRWÍEQORTGPFGTGEJGKPWPCUKVWC
\KQPGIK´RCVQNQIKECEQOGSWGNNCCVVWC
NG WP TKOGFKQ UQOOKPKUVTCVQ EQP VCNG
TKVCTFQ PQP UCT´ KP ITCFQ FK CUUKEWTCTG
NŏGUKVQURGTCVQ
0GNNC UWC CVVWCNG HQTOWNC\KQPG NC
TKHQTOC PQP UGODTC PGRRWTG RQVGT IC
TCPVKTGWPŏCFGIWCVCRTGRCTC\KQPGRTQHGU
UKQPCNGRQKEJÃUKRTGXGFGEJGNCRTCVKEC
EQPUKUVC PGNNC HTGSWGP\C DKGPPCNG FGNNC
UEWQNC FK HQTOC\KQPG G PGN EQPVGORQ
TCPGQ UXQNIKOGPVQ FGNNC RTCVKEC HQTGP
UG RTGUUQ WP CXXQECVQ VTC NŏCNVTQ TGUC
EQORCVKDKNG EQP NŏCRRTQXC\KQPG FK WP
GOGPFCOGPVQ EJG JC TCRRTGUGPVCVQ WP
CWVGPVKEQEQNRQFKOCPQEQPNŏGURNGVC
OGPVQFKWPKORKGIQőRTKXCVQŒ
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VT´ TGCNOGPVG UXQNIGTG VWVVG NG RTGFGVVG
CVVKXKV´ Q UGTKCOGPVG CPEJG UQNVCPVQ NG
RTKOG FWG G FWPSWG KP TGCNV´ RQKEJÃ
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NC HTGSWGP\C CNNC UEWQNC FK HQTOC\KQPG
XGTT´ TKIKFCOGPVG EQPVTQNNCVC ſPKTCPPQ
RGT EQPUGIWKTG NŏCDKNKVC\KQPG EQNQTQ EJG
FQRQKNEQTUQFKNCWTGCCXTCPPQHTGSWGP
VCVQCNVTKFWGCPPKFKEQTUKRQUVWPKXGTUK
VCTK
#NVTQ VGOC UEQVVCPVG FK EWK UK Â QE
EWRCVC NC PQUVTC #UUQEKC\KQPG Â SWGNNQ
FGNNCOGFKC\KQPGNCTKHQTOCEJGGPVTGT´
CTGIKOGPGNOCT\QGEJGKPEKFGT´
EQOWPSWG PGN DGPG Q PGN OCNG UK XG
FT´UWNHWVWTQFGNNCRTQHGUUKQPG
5WNNŏCTIQOGPVQ PQP UK EQPVCPQ EQP
XGIPK G EQPHGTGP\G GF CPEJG VTC K PQ
UVTKKUETKVVKKPWPKPEQPVTQVGPWVQUKKN
OCIIKQ KN FKDCVVKVQ Â UVCVQ XKXC
EG #NEWPK JCPPQ UQVVQNKPGCVQ KN RQUKVK
XQ URKTKVQ EJG GUUQ KPVGPFG KPUVCWTCTG
HCXQTGPFQ WP KPEQPVTQ VTC NG RCTVK RGT
CFFKXGPKTG CF WPC UQNW\KQPG EQPFKXKUC
EJG RQUUC UVGORGTCTG NŏCVVWCNG ENKOC FK
GUCURGTCVC EQPƀKVVWCNKV´ UK VTCVVGTGDDG
FKHCTEQORTGPFGTGCNEKVVCFKPQNCDQPV´
FGNNCUQNW\KQPGRTQRQUVC
QNVTGEJGRGTK
TKEQTFCVKRTQſNKCPEJGRGTKDTGXKVGORK
FK FGſPK\KQPG GF K EQUVK EQPVGPWVK FGN
RTQEGFKOGPVQ G TKFWTTG EQUÇ KN PWOGTQ
FGNNG ECWUG EJG IKWPIGTCPPQ CNNŏGUCOG
FGNOCIKUVTCVQ
#PEJG RGT EQNQTQ EJG UQPQ HCXQTG
XQNK CNNC OGFKC\KQPG NŏCRRTQEEKQ EQP KN
SWCNGNGRCTVKFQXTGDDGTQCEEGFGTXKEQP
ƀKIIG VWVVCXKC KPUCPCDKNOGPVG EQP NŏQD
DNKICVQTKGV´ FGN UWQ GURGTKOGPVQ EQP NC
EQPFK\KQPGFKRTQEGFKDKNKV´RTGXKUVCFCNNC
NGIIG
UVCVQCNVTGUÇUQVVQNKPGCVQEQOGNŏCTV
FGNFGETGVQNGIKUNCVKXQPFGN
EJG JC KPVTQFQVVQ NC OGP\KQPCVC EQPFK
\KQPG FK RTQEGFKDKNKV´ CRRCKC XK\KCVQ FC
WPGEEGUUQFKFGNGICRGTOCPECVCEQTTK
URQPFGP\CCNEQPVGPWVQFGNNŏCTVFGN
NCNGIIGPFGN#NVTQGNGOGPVQ
HQTVGOGPVG PGICVKXQ Â TCRRTGUGPVCVQ
FCNNŏCTVFGNNCPQTOCVKXCFGNGICVCQXG
UKRTGXGFGEJGNGURGUGRGTNCUWCCVVWC
\KQPG UKCPQ CVVKPVG FCNNG PQTOCNK FQVC
\KQPKFGN/KPKUVGTQGFWPSWGUQVVTCVVGCK
IK´GUKIWKGFCUUQNWVCOGPVGKPUWHſEKGPVK
HQPFK FGUVKPCVK CN HWP\KQPCOGPVQ FGNNC
IKWUVK\KCQTFKPCTKC
RTQDCDKNG EJG NŏKPVTQFW\KQPG FGNNC
OGFKC\KQPGEQORQTVGT´QNVTGEJGWPTK
VCTFQPGNNCFGſPK\KQPGFKOQNVKRTQEGFK
OGPVKWPFCPPQRGTINKCXXQECVKRQKEJÃ
RGT FKXGPVCTG OGFKCVQTK PQP Â PGRRWT
TKEJKGUVC NC NCWTGC KP IKWTKURTWFGP\C G
PGNNŏCODKVQFGNRTQEGFKOGPVQNŏCUUKUVGP
\C FK WP NGICNG Â UQNVCPVQ HCEQNVCVKXC
KPQNVTGÂQXXKQEJGNŏCPVKEKRCVCFGſPK\KQ
PG FK WP EGTVQ PWOGTQ FK RTQEGFKOGPVK
EQORQTVGT´ WPC FKOKPW\KQPG FK NCXQTQ
6TCNCUEKCPFQ RGT WP OQOGPVQ INK KPVG
TGUUK FGNNC RTQHGUUKQPG EK RTGQEEWRCPQ
CPEQT FK RKÔ NG UQTVK FGN EKVVCFKPQ + IQ
XGTPKEJGUKUWUUGIWQPQRTQRWIPCPQRGT
NC IKWUVK\KC TKHQTOG UGP\C EQUVK OGPVTG
KP CNVTK UGVVQTK TKVGPWVK RKÔ KPVGTGUUCPVK K
HQPFK UK VTQXCPQ EQOWPSWG G RQPIQ
PQ EQUVCPVGOGPVG NŏCNVGTPCVKXC VTC WPC
IKWUVK\KC TCRKFC OC FK UECTUC SWCNKV´
GF WPQ UVCPFCTF SWCNKVCVKXQ GNGXCVQ OC
FCK VGORK NWPIJK %QUÇ UK Â RCUUCVK FCK
RTQEGFKOGPVK FKPCP\K CNNC /CIKUVTCVWTC
VQICVC
NGEWKFGEKUKQPKCOGRCTGUKCPQ
OGFKCOGPVG ECTCVVGTK\\CVG FC WPŏGNGXC
VCSWCNKV´CSWGNNKFKPCP\KCK)KWFKEKFK
2CEG PQP UK UVC FKUEWVGPFQ FGNNŏQTOCK
CESWKUKVC GURGTKGP\C VGEPKEC FC RCTVG FK
WPDWQPPWOGTQFKGUUKVWVVCXKCÂEJKC
TQ EJG C FKXGTUK ETKVGTK FK TGENWVCOGPVQ
TKURGVVQ CNNC OCIKUVTCVWTC QTFKPCTKC EQP
UGIWQPQ FKHHGTGPVK TKUWNVCVK SWCNKVCVKXK
ſPQCSWGUVŏWNVKOCKPEQIPKVCFKOKINKCKC
FK OGFKCVQTK TKURGVVQ CK SWCNK K ETKVGTK FK
TGENWVCOGPVQ G FK HQTOC\KQPG PQP UQPQ
UWHſEKGPVGOGPVG FGſPKVK G UQRTCVVWVVQ
PQPUCTCPPQWPKHQTOK#WURKEJKCOQEJG
K%QPUKINKFGNNŏ1TFKPGRGTTKUVCDKNKTGCN
OGPQKPRCTVGVCNGWPKHQTOKV´FKCPQEQP
ETGVCCVVWC\KQPGCNNŏCTVFGNFGETGVQNG
IKUNCVKXQEJGCVVTKDWKUEGNQTQNCHCEQNV´FK
KUVKVWKTGQTICPKUOKFKOGFKC\KQPGRTGUUQ
EKCUEWP6TKDWPCNG%QOWPSWGUKUVCCUUK
UVGPFQCFWPCRTKXCVK\\C\\KQPGFGNNCIKW
UVK\KCKEWKGUKVKRQVTCPPQTKUWNVCTGHQTVG
OGPVGPGICVKXKCPEJGRGTNŏWVGPVG+PHCVVK
NCIKWUVK\KCőRWDDNKECŒUKCRWTEQPKUWQK
FKHGVVK ICTCPVKXC WPŏGIWCINKCP\C FK TG
SWKUKVKRGTEQPEQTUKGFCEEGUUKGFWPSWG
KPWNVKOCCPCNKUKWPCEGTVCWPKHQTOKV´FGN
UGTXK\KQKPCODKVQPC\KQPCNGEJGQTCPQP
EKUCT´RKÔ
PGRRWTGKPQIPKUKPIQNCUGFG
PGNNCSWCNGUKVTCVVGT´FKUEGINKGTGVTCFK
XGTUG UKING G XCTK GPVK FK OGFKC\KQPG
CNOGPQ PGNNC HCUG KPK\KCNG FGN RTQEGFK
OGPVQ
5VKCOQ XKXGPFQ WPŏGRQEC FK ITCPFK
VTCUHQTOC\KQPK RWTVTQRRQ C RCTGTG FK
EJKUETKXGFKEQPVGPWVQRTGXCNGPVGOGPVG
PGICVKXQINKCXXQECVKPQPRQUUQPQTKOC
PGTGPGNEJKWUQFGKRTQRTKWHſEKCOCP
FCTG CXCPVK KN NCXQTQ SWQVKFKCPQ CVVGP
FGPFQ INK GXGPVK 5G PQP XQINKCOQ EJG
CNVTKFGEKFCPQRGTPQKFQDDKCOQFKUEWVG
TGRTQRQTTGUQNW\KQPKGDCVVGTEKCHſPEJÃ
GUUG XGPICPQ CVVWCVG /C PQP NCUEKCTG
EJGVWVVQRCUUKUGP\CKNPQUVTQEQPVTKDWVQ
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OGTKVCPQFKRGTUÃWPCXKUKVCKPEQPUK
FGTC\KQPGFGNNCDKDNKQVGECFGNNCXKFGQ
VGECGFGNEQPUKUVGPVGCTEJKXKQFKEWKFK
URQPG WP KPVGTGUUCPVG KPEQPVTQ RGT NC
RTGUGPVC\KQPG FK WP TGEGPVKUUKOQ NKDTQ
FCN UKIPKſECVKXQ VKVQNQ ő,, GLULWWR DO
FLQHPD$YYRFDWLHJLXGLFLVXOJUDQGH
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FK +PHQTOCVKEC )KWTKFKEC FK +XTGC G
6QTKPQ KP EQNNCDQTC\KQPG EQP Nŏ'.5#
'WTQRGCP.CY5VWFGPVŏU#UUQEKCVKQP
G FCN /WUGQ 0C\KQPCNG FGN %KPGOC
JC XKUVQ NC RTGUGP\C FGNNŏ#WVQTG
2TQH <KEECTFK FQEGPVG FK +PHQTOCVKEC
)KWTKFKECRTGUUQNŏ7PKXGTUKV´FK/KNCPQ
KPUKGOGCK2TQHTK/QPCVGTKG&GNNŏ#TVG
FGNNŏ7PKXGTUKV´FK6QTKPQ
.ŏ#WVQTG EQOG JC EJKCTKVQ PGNNC
UWC RTGUGPVC\KQPG JC RTGUQ KP GUCOG
EQPWPITWRRQFKEQNNCDQTCVQTKEGPVKPC
KC FK ſNO TKXGFGPFQNK RKÔ XQNVG G UEG
INKGPFQPG RQK WP EGTVQ PWOGTQ EJG C
UWQ CXXKUQ RTGUGPVCPQ KPVGTGUUG RGT NC
TCRRTGUGPVC\KQPGEJGKPGUUKXKGPGFCVC
FGNNC IKWUVK\KC G FGK UWQK RTQVCIQPKUVK
RTKPEKRCNOGPVGINKCXXQECVKGFKIKWFKEK
+N NKDTQ Â SWKPFK WPŏQEECUKQPG WPK
ECRGTTKRGTEQTTGTGKPUKGOGCNNŏ#WVQTG
EJGJCTCIITWRRCVQRGTCTIQOGPVQKſNO
UGNG\KQPCVKQNVTGEJGWPCXGTCGRTQRTKC
UVQTKC FGN EKPGOC CNOGPQ FCN FQRQ
IWGTTCCKPQUVTKIKQTPKCPEJGNGVTCOG
FGKſNOEJGUQPQFGUETKVVGKPDTGXGOC
EQP VWVVK INK GNGOGPVK GUUGP\KCNK FCINK
CVVQTKCNTGIKUVCGEE
# FKOQUVTC\KQPG FGNNC EWTC EQP NC
SWCNG Â UVCVC TGFCVVC NŏQRGTC FC RCTVG
FGNNŏ#WVQTGDCUVKRGPUCTGEJGUQPQCF
FKTKVVWTC TKRTQFQVVK K FKCNQIJK RKÔ UKIPK
ſECVKXKFCNRWPVQFKXKUVCNGICNGFGK
ſNO RKÔ KORQTVCPVK EQP NŏKPFKEC\KQPG
FGK OKPWVK FK FWTCVC FGNNC RGNNKEQNC KP
EWKUKRQUUQPQXGFGTGGFCUEQNVCTG
2GT SWCPVQ EQPEGTPG CPEQTC INK CT
IQOGPVK VTCVVCVK KN RTQH <KEECTFK JC
UWFFKXKUQKNXQNWOGKPXCTKECRKVQNKFCK
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