BASILICATA UNIVERSITY - ITALY
Department of Science
Geological Sciences PhD
Elisabetta Fortunato, PhD student
Michele Paternoster
Mario Bentivenga
Giovanni Mongelli
Giacomo Prosser
Rosa Sinisi
MULTIDISCIPLINARY
APPROACH TO THE
ENVIRONMENTAL
QUALITY
ASSESSMENT OF
PIETRA DEL
PERTUSILLO WATER
RESERVOIR
Water and development,
Milan, 14th January 2015
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE
ENVIRONMENTALQUALITY ASSESSMENT OF
PIETRA DEL PERTUSILLO WATER RESERVOIR
OBJECTIVES





Sediment dynamics;
Evaluation of sediments entry points.
Distribution of major, minor and trace
elements in sediment cores;
Assessment of environmental quality of
lacustrine sediments;
Determination of the type, amount and
distribution of minerals;
2
THE STUDY AREA
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE
ENVIRONMENTALQUALITY ASSESSMENT OF
PIETRA DEL PERTUSILLO WATER RESERVOIR
3
GEOLOGICAL SETTING
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE
ENVIRONMENTALQUALITY ASSESSMENT OF
PIETRA DEL PERTUSILLO WATER RESERVOIR
Geological map of Southern Apennines (from Zembo, 2010)
4
ANTHROPIC ACTIVITIES
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE
ENVIRONMENTALQUALITY ASSESSMENT OF
PIETRA DEL PERTUSILLO WATER RESERVOIR
Data provided by Provincia
of Potenza (February 2013)
5
ANTHROPIC ACTIVITIES
Oil Field
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE
ENVIRONMENTALQUALITY ASSESSMENT OF
PIETRA DEL PERTUSILLO WATER RESERVOIR
COVA
MA N1/ME 3
6
WHAT ENVIRONMENTAL MATRIX
ARE WE GOING TO ANALYZE?

MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE
ENVIRONMENTALQUALITY ASSESSMENT OF
PIETRA DEL PERTUSILLO WATER RESERVOIR
The bedrock. We collected 46 specimens on both silico-clastic and
carbonate rock to assess the natural amount in major, minor and
trace elements;

The stream sediments. We sampled 18 specimens to assess
chemical-mineralogical composition close to detrital supply entry
points;

The lake sediments. We collected 19 sediment cores to evaluate
the possible geogenic and anthropogenic pollution throughout the
history of the water reservoir.
7
SAMPLING STRATEGY
Solid matrix: Bedrock
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE
ENVIRONMENTALQUALITY ASSESSMENT OF
PIETRA DEL PERTUSILLO WATER RESERVOIR
Bedrock chemical
composition was
investigated in
46 samples
8
Lentini et al. (1991)
SAMPLING STRATEGY
Solid matrix: Bedrock
Strato
Giacitura
Imm SE
Spessore dal cm al dm
Dir N 20° E
Incl 10°
Campione EF 15
Località Tempa del Conte
Long E 15° 54’ 11’’
Alt 991
Data
09/05/2013
Lat N 40° 11’ 52’’
Formazione
Litotipo
Flysch di Albidona
Arenarie grigio-giallastre ben
stratificate in strati che vanno dal cm
al dm
Note:
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE
ENVIRONMENTALQUALITY ASSESSMENT OF
PIETRA DEL PERTUSILLO WATER RESERVOIR
Sampling method
• the main geological Formations;
• each Formation in both the right
and left side;
• the lithological units visible in each
outcrop.
9
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE
ENVIRONMENTALQUALITY ASSESSMENT OF
PIETRA DEL PERTUSILLO WATER RESERVOIR
SAMPLING STRATEGY
Solid matrix: stream sediments
Spartifave
Agri
Rifreddo
Rifreddo
Spetrizzone
Scazzera
Sostituire immagine con i punti di campionamento agri
Maglia
Vella
18 stream sediment samples
10
SAMPLING STRATEGY
Solid matrix: stream sediments
Spetrizzone
Maglia
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE
ENVIRONMENTALQUALITY ASSESSMENT OF
PIETRA DEL PERTUSILLO WATER RESERVOIR
Scazzero
Vella
11
LABORATORY ANALYSIS
Quaternary and stream sediments
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE
ENVIRONMENTALQUALITY ASSESSMENT OF
PIETRA DEL PERTUSILLO WATER RESERVOIR

Wet sieving: n° 230 ASTM

Drying: room-temperature

Powdering: ring agate mill;


Chemical analysis: Activation
Laboratories Ltd, Ontario, Canada .
Methods:
Total Digestion - ICP/MS
Lithium Metaborate/Tetraborate
Fusion - ICP/OES
12
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE
ENVIRONMENTALQUALITY ASSESSMENT OF
PIETRA DEL PERTUSILLO WATER RESERVOIR
PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Granulometry
0
1
0.8
0.2
0.6
Ar
t
Sil
gill
a
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.2
0.8
1
0
0
0.2
0.4
Sabbia
Sand
0.6
0.8
13
1
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE
ENVIRONMENTALQUALITY ASSESSMENT OF
PIETRA DEL PERTUSILLO WATER RESERVOIR
PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Mineralogy
C
•Quartz
• Calcite
•Plagioclase
• Muscovite/Illite
• Chlorite
• Rutile
• Kaolinite (Maglia River samples)
14
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE
ENVIRONMENTALQUALITY ASSESSMENT OF
PIETRA DEL PERTUSILLO WATER RESERVOIR
PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Chemistry – Box and whisker plot
100
Major elements
wt %
10
1
Bedrock median
outliers
0,1
SiO2
Al2O3
Fe2O3(T)
MgO
CaO
Na2O
K2O
TiO2
P205
15
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE
ENVIRONMENTALQUALITY ASSESSMENT OF
PIETRA DEL PERTUSILLO WATER RESERVOIR
PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Chemistry – Box and whisker plot
1000
Minor and trace elements
ppm
100
10
1
Bedrock median
CAN PEL
LCR APAT
0,1
Ba
V
Pb
Cu
Hg
Zn
As
Co
Ni
Cr
16
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE
ENVIRONMENTALQUALITY ASSESSMENT OF
PIETRA DEL PERTUSILLO WATER RESERVOIR
PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Chemistry– Scatter diagrams
7
70
y = 0,515x - 2,1924
R² = 0,8623
6
60
y = 4,2899x - 11,78
R² = 0,7497
50
Ni (ppm)
Fe (%)
5
4
3
2
40
30
20
1
10
0
0
5
10
15
20
0
0
Al (%)
5
10
15
20
Al (%)
18
140
16
100
12
V (ppm)
Co (ppm)
y = 9,8613x - 37,438
R² = 0,9834
120
y = 1,3837x - 7,5051
R² = 0,6712
14
10
8
6
80
60
40
4
20
2
0
0
0
5
10
Al (%)
15
20
0
5
10
Al (%)
17
15
20
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE
ENVIRONMENTALQUALITY ASSESSMENT OF
PIETRA DEL PERTUSILLO WATER RESERVOIR
PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Chemistry– Scatter diagrams
70
140
50
Ni (ppm)
100
80
60
40
30
20
40
10
20
0
0
0
0
2
4
6
8
2
4
6
Fe (%)
Fe (%)
18
16
y = 2,8258x - 2,3185
R² = 0,861
14
Co (ppm)
V (ppm)
y = 8,4279x + 5,9873
R² = 0,8899
60
y = 16,523x + 17,846
R² = 0,8492
120
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
2
4
6
8
Fe (%)
18
8
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE
ENVIRONMENTALQUALITY ASSESSMENT OF
PIETRA DEL PERTUSILLO WATER RESERVOIR
PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Chemistry– Scatter diagrams
180
600
160
y = 10,396x - 15,736
R² = 0,7829
120
Ba (ppm)
Zn (ppm)
140
y = 172,81x - 8,4543
R² = 0,8367
500
100
80
60
40
400
300
200
100
20
0
0
0
5
10
15
20
0
Al (%)
1
2
3
K (%)
A simple mineralogic control explains our chemical data, so an anthropic
input in sediments of Pertusillo tributaries collected in this first phase
can be excluded
19
4
SAMPLING STRATEGY
Solid matrix: lake sediments
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE
ENVIRONMENTALQUALITY ASSESSMENT OF
PIETRA DEL PERTUSILLO WATER RESERVOIR
•UWITEC, Mondsee, Austria
•Gravity corer for sampling lacustrine
sediments;
• Sampling platform m 3,6 x 2,8 with
tripod;
• PVC tubes crystal clear for avoiding
cross contamination;
20
SAMPLING STRATEGY
Solid matrix: lake sediments
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE
ENVIRONMENTALQUALITY ASSESSMENT OF
PIETRA DEL PERTUSILLO WATER RESERVOIR
sediment cores: 15 for chemical and mineralogical analysis and 4
for hydrocarbon analysis.
• 19
20 m of lacustrine sediments
21
SAMPLING STRATEGY
Solid matrix: lake sediments
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE
ENVIRONMENTALQUALITY ASSESSMENT OF
PIETRA DEL PERTUSILLO WATER RESERVOIR
22
SAMPLING STRATEGY
Solid matrix: lake sediments
Core sampling
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE
ENVIRONMENTALQUALITY ASSESSMENT OF
PIETRA DEL PERTUSILLO WATER RESERVOIR
23
SAMPLING STRATEGY
Solid matrix: lake sediments
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE
ENVIRONMENTALQUALITY ASSESSMENT OF
PIETRA DEL PERTUSILLO WATER RESERVOIR
24
SAMPLING STRATEGY
Solid matrix: lake sediments
110 core sediments samples
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE
ENVIRONMENTALQUALITY ASSESSMENT OF
PIETRA DEL PERTUSILLO WATER RESERVOIR
25
SAMPLING STRATEGY
Solid matrix: lake sediments
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE
ENVIRONMENTALQUALITY ASSESSMENT OF
PIETRA DEL PERTUSILLO WATER RESERVOIR
26
SAMPLING STRATEGY
Solid matrix: lake sediments
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE
ENVIRONMENTALQUALITY ASSESSMENT OF
PIETRA DEL PERTUSILLO WATER RESERVOIR
27
SAMPLING STRATEGY
Fluid matrix: lake waters

MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE
ENVIRONMENTALQUALITY ASSESSMENT OF
PIETRA DEL PERTUSILLO WATER RESERVOIR
Lake waters. We plan to collect about 30 water samples (10 have
already been collected) to evaluate possible pollution originated by
human activities.
• 10 water samples on both the surface and on the bottom.
28
WORK IN PROGRESS

MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE
ENVIRONMENTALQUALITY ASSESSMENT OF
PIETRA DEL PERTUSILLO WATER RESERVOIR
Samples treatment for chemical and mineralogical analyses;

Chemical and mineralogical analysis of particles smaller than 2 μm;

Data interpretations;

Distribution maps of major, minor and trace elements.
29
BASILICATA UNIVERSITY - ITALY
Department of Science
Geological Sciences PhD
Elisabetta Fortunato, PhD student
Michele Paternoster,
Mario Bentivenga
Giovanni Mongelli
Giacomo Prosser
Rosa Sinisi
THANKS FOR YOUR
ATTENTION
Elisabetta Fortunato
30