The trend of the inbreeding in the course of time in “Bracco Italiano” dog breed
1
F. Cecchi1, R. Ciampolini1, B. De Sanctis2, F. Casetti3, S. Presciuttini1
Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2,
56124 Pisa, Italy;
Phone +390502216879;
Fax +390502216901
Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca e di Consulenza sulla Genetica del Cane;
2
USL Viterbo; 3Società Amatori Bracco Italiano (SABI).
1
INTRODUCTION and MATERIALS AND METHODS
The Italian Bracco is one of the oldest pointing dog breed, used for hunting ever since the Renaissance time. The breed
has been officially registered by ENCI (the Italian cynological club) in 1949, when the definitive standard was established.
The SABI (Società Amatori Bracco Italiano) is financing a research project aimed at investigating the demographic,
genetic and genealogical structure of the breed (the BIGG study). As a part of the project, the complete electronic
record of the breed, including 20,499 animals (10,365 males and 10,134 females) born between 1970 and 2007, was
downloaded from the ENCI database. The aim of this research was to study the trend of the inbreeding during this period.
All calculations were performed using the program CFC vers. 1.0 (Sargolzaei et al., 2006).
RESULTS
629
0
0.00
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
1978
657
1
0.15
0.000
0.250
0.250
0.250
1979
512
11
2.15
0.005
0.239
0.250
0.125
1980
439
56
12.76
0.021
0.167
0.250
0.031
1981
505
29
5.74
0.005
0.094
0.250
0.031
1982
515
79
15.34
0.017
0.110
0.250
0.031
1983
411
88
21.41
0.020
0.093
0.125
0.016
1984
632
146
23.10
0.023
0.101
0.281
0.016
1985
540
174
23.22
0.027
0.083
0.281
0.004
1986
570
240
42.11
0.032
0.076
0.266
0.004
1987
559
234
41.86
0.030
0.073
0.391
0.004
1988
702
388
55.27
0.035
0.064
0.312
0.004
1989
630
384
60.95
0.029
0.047
0.266
0.004
Figure 3 - Distribution of inbreeding
coefficients for animals born from
2003 to 2006.
657
451
68.65
0.031
0.045
0.0266
0.004
1991
717
513
71.55
0.029
0.041
0.250
0.001
1992
749
597
79.71
0.037
0.046
0.258
0.001
1993
586
506
86.35
0.033
0.038
0.327
0.002
1994
673
567
84.25
0.033
0.040
0.266
0.001
1995
751
688
91.61
0.051
0.055
0.375
0.0001
1996
643
565
87.87
0.051
0.058
0.288
0.001
1997
723
687
95.02
0.051
0.054
0.285
0.001
1998
687
652
94.91
0.058
0.061
0.304
0.0002
1999
829
819
98.79
0.056
0.057
0.312
0.001
2000
687
685
99.71
0.054
0.054
0.277
0.001
2001
723
721
99.72
0.057
0.057
0.293
0.002
2002
836
826
98.80
0.057
0.058
0.395
0.003
2003
897
897
100.00
0.066
0.066
0.298
0.002
2004
781
781
100.00
0.062
0.062
0.396
0.003
2005
690
690
100.00
0.057
0.057
0.271
0.003
2006
759
759
100.00
0.056
0.056
0.345
0.004
apr-07
56
56
100.00
0.051
0.051
0.191
0.023
0,06
0,05
0,04
F
0,03
Mean Inbreeding
0,02
0,01
0
year
Figure 2 – Comparison among the
trend of the average F in the
whole population and average F of
inbreds during time.
0,3
0,25
60
Mean F
Mean F for inbreds
0,2
40
%
2003
30
2004
2005
2006
20
10
0
0.00-0.05
0.05-0.10
0.10-0.15
0.15-0.20
0.20-0.25
Ran g e In b r e e d in g
0.25-0.30
0.30-0.35
0.35-0.40
The number of the inbreds and the trend of the inbreeding in the course of
time suggest that a regular monitoring of genetic variability of the population
must be adopted, in order to avoid the danger of an excessive increase of
inbreeding in the future, which would result in significant inbreeding depression.
It is interesting to note that the average inbreeding coefficient decreases in
the last 5 years; we may speculate that breeders pay higher attention in
programming matings in this period.
F 0,15
0,1
0,05
0
19
70
/19
75
19
77
19
79
19
81
19
83
19
85
19
87
19
89
19
91
19
93
19
95
19
97
19
99
20
01
20
03
20
05
ap
r-0
7
CONCLUSIONS
50
We wish to thank the President
and the Board of Directors of
the SABI for having actively
promoted the present project
among the Society’s members.
07
1977
1990
20
05
0.000
20
03
0.000
0.000
ap
r-
0.000
0.000
20
01
12
0.000
0.000
19
99
27
0.35 < F < 0.40
0.000
0.00
in the inbreds Maximum F Minimum F
19
97
0.30 < F < 0.35
0.00
0
for Year
19
95
217
0
548
0,07
n° inbreds
19
93
231
0.25 < F < 0.30
211
1976
Average F
n°
19
91
0.20 < F < 0.25
1970/1975
Average F
Years
19
89
382
in the inbreds Maximum F Minimum F
19
87
1438
Inbreds %
for Year
19
85
0.10 < F < 0.15
0.15 < F < 0.20
Average F
n° inbreds
19
83
2880
Average F
n°
19
81
0.05 < F < 0.10
Inbreds %
Years
97
5
8103
Figure 1 – Trend of the average
inbreeding during time.
19
79
Subjects n°
0.00 < F < 0.05
Table 3 – Number of inbreds and average inbreeding coefficients of
animals born from 1990 to 2007.
19
77
of
19
70
/1
Table 1 - Distribution
inbreeding coefficients
Table 2 – Number of inbreds and average inbreeding coefficients for
animal born from 1970 to 1989.
year