A08
362
strategie di sviluppo sostenibile
per le costruzioni in cina
in europa e in italia
per la ricostruzione dopo il terremoto
dell’Aquila del 6 aprile 2009
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
FOR CONSTRUCTIONS IN EUROPE AND CHINA
Atti del Convegno
Roma, 19–20 aprile 2010
a cura di
Mauro Dolce
Gaetano Manfredi
Camillo Nuti
cd–rom in abbinamento editoriale
Copyright © MMXII
ARACNE editrice S.r.l.
www.aracneeditrice.it
[email protected]
via Raffaele Garofalo, 133/A–B
00173 Roma
(06) 93781065
isbn 978–88–548–4418–6
I diritti di traduzione, di memorizzazione elettronica,
di riproduzione e di adattamento anche parziale,
con qualsiasi mezzo, sono riservati per tutti i Paesi.
Non sono assolutamente consentite le fotocopie
senza il permesso scritto dell’Editore.
Decreto del Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri
23 febbraio 2009, n. 31, dall’art. 7, comma 4:
Non sono soggetti ad apposizione del contrassegno
né a dichiarazione sostitutiva i supporti allegati ad opere
librarie i quali riproducono in tutto o in parte il contenuto
delle opere stesse ovvero sono ad esse accessori, quali
dizionari, eserciziari, presentazioni dell’opera, purché
non commerciabili autonomanente
I edizione: febbraio 2012
Premessa
Cosa è la sostenibilità nella progettazione strutturale? Nel convegno si discuterà il problema con
esperti internazionali che illustreranno le loro esperienze e con studiosi e tecnici italiani che
illustreranno anche quanto si sta facendo per la ricostruzione dopo il terremoto dell’Aquila.
Gli interventi eseguiti e da eseguire hanno come obiettivo la sicurezza dei componenti strutturali e
non, nel rispetto delle necessità a breve, medio e lungo termine di proprietari ed utilizzatori, tenendo
conto delle condizioni al contorno, di tipo economico e logistico.
Si intenderà fare il punto su quanto eseguito sia dal punto di vista strettamente tecnico, con
illustrazione delle scelte effettuate, sia delle ragioni che hanno condotto a tali scelte, per illustrare il
concetto di “sostenibilità”.
A titolo di esempio si pensi alla realizzazione del progetto C.A.S.E., per dare accoglienza ai senza
tetto in tempi bre-vi, agli interventi sugli edifici scolastici dell’Aquila, in particolare a quelli
debolmente danneggiati, che sono stati riparati in tempi brevi; ai progetti preparati per
l’adeguamento delle scuole di Avezzano, perché sostengano gli eventi attesi; agli interventi di
riparazione dei ponti ed altre infrastrutture.
Sono stati raccolti lavori anche su altri temi ma sempre di rilievo in relazione ad aspetti significativi
per l discussione delle scelte di sostenibilità, non solo in termini meramente tecnici ma anche in
termini finanziari.
All’interno del volume contenente le memorie organizzate secondo l’indice si riporta per chiarezza
anche il programma completo dell’evento con tutti gli interventi.
Il CD contiene il programma, le presentazioni, le memorie e un menù per la navigazione interattiva
tra gli argomenti.
Si prega di notare che alcune presentazioni sul CD allegato non hanno una memoria corrispondente
nel volume degli atti, inoltre alcuni titoli delle presentazioni non corrispondono a quelli delle
7
memorie.
Tali differenze sono segnate con * sull’indice.
6
Indice
7
Indice
11
Keynotes
13
Airong Chen: Sustainable development strategies for bridge engineering in China - Design for a given life
Curriculum vitae
16
Klaus H.Ostenfeld: Curriculum vitae
17
Qilin Zhang: Static and dynamic properties of the membrane structure for Expo Axis of Shanghai Expo 2010
Curriculum vitae
41
Invited Lectures
43
Sergio Basti: Il terremoto dell’Aquila
47
Luis D. Decanini: Alcuni aspetti del grande terremoto del Cile del 27 Febbraio 2010
49
Mauro Dolce: La gestione dell’emergenza
51
Gian Michele Calvi: Il progetto C.A.S.E.
53
Gaetano Manfredi: La ricostruzione dell’Aquila
63
Xin Ruan: Condition assessment and strengthen for a long-span continuous PC bridge
65
Tobia Zordan, Bruno Briseghella, Cheng Lan: Parametric analyses on super long integral abutment
bridges: a sustainable solution
77
Sessione 1: messa in sicurezza di edifici dopo il sisma / sicurezza antincendio
79
M. Sassu, M. Andreini: Una strategia di prevenzione sismica a basso costo per edifici di culto e monumentali:
presidi provvisori in fibre sintetiche o metalliche.
87
E. Nigro, G. Cefarelli, A.Ferraro, E. Cosenza, G, Manfredi: L’Approccio Ingegneristico alla sicurezza strutturale
in condizioni di incendio di autorimesse aerate di edifici civili.
103
113
*A. Ceccotti, C. Sandhaas, M. Yasumura: Seismic performance of x-lam buildings: the Italian SOFIE project
Sessione 2: Il progetto C.A.S.E.
115
A. D’Onofrio, L. Evangelista, L. Landolfi, F. Silvestri, D. Boiero, S. Foti, M. Maraschini, C. Comina,
F. Santucci de Magistris : Geotechnical characterization of the C.A.S.E. project sites
125
T. Sartori, R. Tomasi, A. Francescotti, G. Scandolari: Edifici in legno realizzati in Abruzzo con il sistema a telaio
prefabbricato
135
S. Infanti, M.G.Castellano: Prove dinamiche multidirezionali sugli isolatori a scorrimento a doppia superficie curva
utilizzati nel progetto C.A.S.E.
145
*A. Marioni: Development and testing of the special sliding materials for the sliding pendulum isolators of the
C.A.S.E. project in L'Aquila
153
*A. Ceci, L. Fanale, D. Galeota, V. Gattulli, M. Lepidi, F. Potenza: Seismic retrofitting of recently-built edifices
163
of the Engineering Faculty of L’Aquila
Sessione 3: Indagini ed interventi sull'esistente: strutture e componenti non strutturali
7
7
165
P. Angeletti: Two cases of study of seismic retrofitting (Irpinia 1980)
175
M. Masi, M. Vona, V. Manfredi: Influenza dell’estensione delle indagini sulla valutazione della resistenza sismica e
la definizione dell’intervento di rafforzamento di edifici in c.a.
185
M. Dolce, A. De Sortis, G.Di Pasquale, S. Gregolo, S.Papa, G. F. Rettore: Le linee guida della protezione civile
per la riduzione della vulnerabilità sismica degli elementi non strutturali.
195
C. Nuti, S. Santini: Fastening technique in seismic areas: a critical review
205
G. Muciaccia, S. Cattaneo, G. Rosati, P. Crespi, A. Franchi: Post-Installed Anchors under Seismic Action
215
Sessione 4: risposta ed interventi su telai, pareti e strutture prefabbricate - Isolamento sismico
217
M. Preti , L. Zanetti, E. Giuriani: R.C. buildings seismic behavior: frame and structural wall systems
225
L. D Decanini, L. Liberatore: R.C. shear walls in seismic retrofitting of buildings
237
P. Riva, E. Perani, A. Belleri: External R.C. structural walls for the repair of earthquake damaged buildings
247
*F. Biondini, G. Toniolo: Seismic performance of precast concrete structures
255
A. Colombo, G. Toniolo: Precast concrete structures: lessons learned from L’Aquila earthquake
263
*S. Beccarini, U. Ianniruberto, D. Pennucci: Analisi parametrica di nodi trave-colonna in c.a. rinforzati con FRP
273 Sessione 5: Criteri di intervento - Sostenibilità
275
P.Colajanni, C. Cucchiara, M. Papia: Sostenibilità di interventi di miglioramento sismico di strutture in c.a. non
danneggiate
285
L. Cascini, F. Portioli, R. Landolfo: Strutture e sostenibilità: un approccio integrato alla progettazione strutturale
293
*F. Fornaini, L.Sonnessa, L. Larocca, A. Gaetani: Modellazione ragionata e interpretazione del comportamento
strutturale sotto gli effetti di un sisma violento per un adeguamento sostenibile alle nuove norme tecniche
301
G. Monti, C. Maruccio, A. Lucchini: Structural analysis of a strategic building
311
S. Pampanin: Alternative Performance-based Retrofit Strategies and Solutions for Reinforced Concrete Buildings
321 Sessione 6: Controventi dissipativi
323
F. Mazza, A. Vulcano: Progettazione di controventi dissipativi per l’adeguamento antisismico di edifici scolastici
333
A.Bergami, C. Nuti: Discussione, applicazione e validazione di una procedura progettuale per la protezione sismica
di telai tamponati mediante controventi dissipativi
343
*C. Nuti, S. Biondi, A. Bergami, D. Pierucci: On seismic retrofitting of a R.C. vaulted structures by means of
dissipative bracings
355
C. Faella, C. Lima, E. Martinelli, B. Nunziata, S. O. Paciello, R. Realfonzo, C. Sguazzo: Seismic retrofitting of
R.C. framed structures using innovative techniques and materials
365
R. De Risi, L. Di Sarno, I. Iervolino, G. Manfredi: Comportamento sismico delle strutture intelaiate in c.a.
adeguate con controventi dissipativi
375 Sessione 7: Normativa e softwares - Vulnerabilità
8
377
R. Spagnuolo: Il convitato di vetro - Il ruolo del software nel progetto strutturale
383
M. Mezzina, F. Porco, D. Raffaele, G. Uva: Sicurezza strutturale delle scuole in Puglia: strategie per la mitigazione
9
393
409
421
del rischio e linee guida per le verifiche di sicurezza
*M. Mezzina, R. Greco, G.C. Marano, S. Milella, F. Palmisano, F. Porco, I. Trulli, G. Uva: Il Progetto
Aristoteles
M. Maugeri, G. Ferro, S. Grasso, D. Trovato: Foundation Vulnerability Analysis for mitigation of seismic risk of
existing buildings in Catania
A. Occhiuzzi, N. Caterino, G. Maddaloni: Analisi di vulnerabilità sismica ed ipotesi di adeguamento di un edificio
pubblico di struttura mista acciaio-calcestruzzo
429 Sessione 8: Rinforzo con compositi, ponti, strutture speciali presidenti:
431
441
451
461
471
481
491
501
511
D. Lavorato, C. Nuti, S. Santini: Influence of detailing on seismic response of repaired RC bridge piers
L. Carnevale, D. Lavorato, C. Nuti, I. Vanzi: Response of continuous deck bridges to non synchronous seismic
motion
M. Pecce, F. Ceroni: Anchorage Systems of FRP EBR for Strengthening of R.C. elements
*C. Nuti, S. Santini, L. Sguerri: Experimental tests on FRP Shear retrofitted R.C .beams
G. De Canio, M. Mongelli, I. Roselli, F. Di Biagio: Remotely-shared experimental tests on semi-passive devices for
seismic protection of systems and components for civil applications, cultural heritage and strategic infrastructures
T. Trombetti, S.Silvestri, G. Gasparini, I.Ricci: Results of pseudo-static tests with cyclic horizontal load on H
shaped substructure composed of concrete/polystyrene sandwich bearing panels without openings
T. Trombetti, S.Silvestri, G. Gasparini, I.Ricci: Correlations between the experimental results of Pseudo-Static
Tests with Cyclic Horizontal Load on concrete/polystyrene sandwich bearing panels and their analytical and
numerical counterparts
T. Trombetti, S.Silvestri, G. Gasparini, I.Ricci: Results of pseudo-static tests with cyclic horizontal load on
concrete/polystyrene sandwich bearing panels without openings
*F. Paolacci, R. Giannini, M De Angelis: Applicability of passive control systems for the seismic protection of
major-hazard industrial plants
9
KEYNOTES
Strategie di sviluppo sostenibile per le costruzioni
in Cina, in Europa e in Italia
ISBN 978–88–548–4418–6
DOI 10.4399/97888548441861
p. 13-15 (febbraio 2012)
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES FOR BRIDGE
ENGINEERING IN CHINA FRAMEWORK, CASE STUDY AND PERSPECTIVE *
Keynote
Airong Chen
Department of Bridge Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, PRC
CONTENTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Major bridge projects in China: completed and under going projects
Frame for life-cycle design for bridge
Bridge Form Design: Topologic technique
Safety and Risk: Design for low probabilità
Durability Design: not only material
Prospective
13
13 14Keynotes
Keynotes
14
* Powerpoint presentation by this author can be found in the CD-ROM
A. Chen
– Sustainable
Airong
Chen
Sustainabledevelopment
developmentstrategies
strategiesfor
forbridge
bridgeengineering
engineeringininChina15
China
15
Airong Chen
Education:
Tongji Univ., Shanghai, P.R. China, Dr. Eng., Civil Eng., 1993
Xian Highway Transportation Univ., Xi’an, Shanxi Province, P.R. China, M.S. Civil Eng.,
1989
Tongji Univ., Shanghai, P.R. China, B.S., Civil Eng., 1983
Current position:
Vice Dean and Professor of School of Civil Engineering,
Experience:
 Xian Highway Transportation Univ., Xian, Shanxi Province, China
Lecturer, Department of Highways, 1989-1990
 Tongji Univ., Shanghai, China
Associate Professor, Dept. of Bridge Engineering and Wind Tunnel Lab. of the State Key
Lab. of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering,1995-1999
 Tongji Univ., Shanghai, China
Professor& Director of Dept. of Bridge Engineering and Wind Tunnel Lab. of the State
Key Lab. of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering1999-2006
 Tongji Univ., Shanghai, China
Professor of Dept. of Bridge Engineering, Duputy Dean of College of Civil Engineering,
2006-Present
Research Areas:
Lift Cycle Design Theory of Bridge, Bridge Risk Assessment Method And Process, Bridge
Aesthetic Design Method And Process, Bridge Performance Under Extreme Events, Traffic Safety
On Bridge Under Disaster Climates, Bridge Aerodynamics, Conceptual Design of Bridge.
Honors and Awards:
First Award of State Education Council Award (1995), Third Award of Scientific and technological
progress of Shanghai (2000), honorary title of “New Long March pioneer” of Shanghai (2001),
First Award of outstanding engineering counseling (2003), First Award of Structural Branch of
Liguohao Award of Tongji Univ. (2004), Second Award of Scientific and technological progress of
Shanghai (2004), Outstanding achievements of graduate students of Shanghai (2006).
Strategie di sviluppo sostenibile per le costruzioni
in Cina, in Europa e in Italia
ISBN 978–88–548–4418–6
DOI 10.4399/97888548441862
p. 16 (febbraio 2012)
16
Keynotes
Klaus H.Ostenfeld
Date of Birth: 9 April 1943.
Nationality: Danish.
Education:
M.Sc., Civil and Structural Eng. Technical University of Denmark, 1966; Registered
Professional Engineer (Civil Engineer), Arizona, USA, 1972.
Current position:
COWI Foundation, Board of Directors.
Experience:
 Special consultant to the United Nations Economic Commission of Africa and Europe
regarding technical feasibility of a bridge across the Strait of Gibraltar, member as the
bridge expert.
 Member of a multidisciplinary World Bank Expert Panel regarding the 10 km bridge across
the Jamuna River in Bangladesh completed in June 1998
 Member of the expert panel "Preisgericht" for the "Tiefbauamt" in Basel, Switzerland,
regarding the Nordtangente Bridge across the Rhein
 Member of the Expert Panel regarding the new East Bay crossing with a self-anchored
suspension span in San Francisco/Oakland, California USA.
 Member of the international expert panel appointed by the Governor of Jiangsu Province for
the recently completed world record 1088 m span cable stayed Sutong Bridge, Jiangsu
Province, China.
Key Qualifications:
From 2000 - 2008, Mr. Ostenfeld has been Group President, CEO of COWI A/S, From 1992 to
2000 he was Executive Director of COWI's Transportation Division and member of the COWI
Executive Board, Mr Ostenfeld has pioneered many technical developments in bridge engineering
including, full span prefabrication of bridges, replacement of deteoriated columns for bridges under
traffic, aerodynamic improvements of bridge girders, use of offshore techniques for deep water
foundations, long continuous bridge girders with large expansion joints for low maintenance and
driver comfort and recently use of carbon fiber for cables for cable stayed bridges, posttensioning
cables and non stressed concrete reinforcement, use of hydraulic devices and jacks for support and
stabilization of bridge girders for live load, temperature and wind loads, development of wind
screens for long span bridges protecting traffic for winds without reduction of aerodynamic stability
of bridge.
Mr. Ostenfeld is the author or co-author of more than 100 articles on major bridge and tunnel and
fixed link projects internationally as well as the extreme buildings for the Olympic structures in
Montreal 1976.
Distinctions:
The Gueritte Medal 1975 of the British Section of Societe des Ingenieurs Civils de France, The
Oscar Faber Award 1976, Institution of Structural Engineers, Great Britain, Cited by Engineering
News Record, New York, as "One of those who made marks in 1982", Awarded the G.A.
Hagemann's Gold Medal by the Technical University of Denmark 2004 for international
accomplishments for consulting engineering, in particular within major bridges and tunnels,
Honoury member of IABSE (International Association of Bridge and Structural Engineers),
Honoury member (Korrespondierende Mitglied) of VDI(Verein Deutscher Ingenieure).
16
Strategie di sviluppo sostenibile per le costruzioni
in Cina, in Europa e in Italia
ISBN 978–88–548–4418–6
DOI 10.4399/97888548441863
p. 17-40 (febbraio 2012)
Qilin Zang Static and dynamic properties of the membrane structure for Expo Axis of Shanghai Expo 2010
17
STATIC AND DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF THE MEMBRANE STRUCTURE
FOR EXPO AXIS OF SHANGHAI EXPO 2010
Keynote
Q. Zhang
Tongji University, School of Civil Engineering, Shanghai 200092, China
[email protected]
ABSTRACT
In this paper a series of experiments and researches on the static and dynamic properties of the
membrane structure for Expo Axis of Shanghai Expo 2010 is introduced, which includes the studies
on mechanics behaviors of different kinds of joints for the free-from steel truss, on strengths of
membrane material and different fasteners, on robust properties of the pre-tensioned cablemembrane system, on wind-induced dynamic behaviors of the membrane roof, and on the behavior
inspection and monitoring of the structure. All the researches ensure the safety of the established
large scale cable-membrane structure.
KEYWORDS
Large scale cable membrane structure, free-form steel truss, joint behaviors, material and fastener
strengths, wind-induced dynamic behaviors, inspection and monitoring.
1. INTRODUCTION
Expo Axis is the main entrance and main axis of Shanghai Expo 2010 site. It employs new
architecture style to be a semi-open structure, two layers underground and two layers above ground.
Four Pavilions along the Central Axis are the major permanent buildings within the Expo Site. The
Expo Axis is a large, integrated commercial and traffic complex providing commercial, catering,
entertainment, and exhibition services. It is also the largest single building of the Expo. The Expo
Axis is sited in the central area of Pudong Expo site, measuring about 1,000 meters long from north
to south, 80 meters wide from east to west, seen as in Figure.1.
Figure.1 Expo Axis for Shanghai Expo 2010
17
18Keynotes
Keynotes
18
Expo Axis consists of the reinforced concrete frame, six “Sun Valleys” made of “free-form” steel
lattice shell, and large membrane roofs. The “Sun Valleys” construct the comfortable “green
underground space”. It collects sunshine from 40 meters high and transfers it and fresh air to the
underground. Rainwater can also flow into underground water accumulating tunnel through those
wide mouth vase-shaped circular glass curtains, converge to the reservoir of 7000 m3 volume and be
reutilized through water treatment. The membrane structure could be used as very effective
sunshades. Those “large umbrellas” above are assembled by 69 pieces of huge white membranes.
The total area is 68,000 m2 and service life is 30 years. Although the thickness is only about 1mm,
it provides the highest design tension force which is 5 tones per meter. The maximum wind swing
for this kind of membrane is 3 meters up and down.
To ensure the safety of the structure, a series of experiments and researches is conducted and
introduced in this paper. The monitoring results up to now on the established structure show that its
mechanics parameters have good agreement with the design prospection in general and its safety
can be ensured.
2. TEST ON ULTIMATE STRENGTH OF STEEL MEMBER JOINTS FOR THE “SUN VALLEYS”
Four different kinds of joints, including plate welded, bolted, bolted but flange welded and cast
steel welded, are considered, in which one should be selected and used in the steel “Sun Valleys”
depending on their working behaviors observed from the test. According to the preliminary design
and computation, the joint with larger internal forces in the “Sun Valley” is taken as specimen, seen
as in Figure.2. Figuire.3 shows the four kinds of joints.
Figure.2 Joint in “Sun Valley” taken as specimen
(a) Plate welded joint (tf,j=tf,m=25mm, tw,j=10mm, tw,m=5mm)
Qilin Zang Static and dynamic properties of the membrane structure for Expo Axis of Shanghai Expo 2010
19
Qilin Q.
Zhang
– Static
and dynamic
properties
of the
membranestructure
structurefor
forExpo
Expo Axis
Axis of Shanghai
Zang
Static
and dynamic
properties
of the
membrane
ShanghaiExpo
Expo201019
2010
19
(b) Cast steel joint (tf,j=30mm, tw,j=10mm, tf,m=25,tw,m=5mm)
(b) Cast steel joint (tf,j=30mm, tw,j=10mm, tf,m=25,tw,m=5mm)
(c) Bolted joints with and without welding of flanges (tf,j=30mm, tw,j=10mm, tf,m=25,tw,m=5mm)
(c) Bolted joints with and without welding of flanges (tf,j=30mm, tw,j=10mm, tf,m=25,tw,m=5mm)
Figure.3 Four kinds of joints
Figure.3 Four kinds of joints
The numerical simulation was firstly carried out to find out the higher stress points of the specimen
Thewhich
numerical
simulation
out to find
out the
stress
points
thestresses
specimen
on
the strain
gaugeswas
canfirstly
be set.carried
The loading
test was
thenhigher
carried
out and
theofreal
on
which
the
strain
gauges
can
be
set.
The
loading
test
was
then
carried
out
and
the
real
stresses
can be measured. The reliability and the accuracy of the numerical results have been proven by
can be measured.
The
accuracy
of measuring
the numerical
results
proven
by
making
comparison
of reliability
it with the and
realthe
stresses
on the
points.
Thehave
innerbeen
stress
distribution
making
comparison
of
it
with
the
real
stresses
on
the
measuring
points.
The
inner
stress
distribution
can be obtained from the numerical simulation. From both numerical analysis and test, the working
can be obtained
the numerical
simulation. From both numerical analysis and test, the working
properties
of thefrom
four joints
can be studied.
properties of the four joints can be studied.
20Keynotes
Keynotes
20
Four specimens for corresponding four kinds of joints with the same outline size are manufactured
as seen in Figure.4.
Figure.4 Outline size and details of specimen
The self-equilibrium resistance frame is designed as in Figure.5. The ends E and F are fixed to the
frame, and the other four ends A,B,C,D are loaded with tensile or compresive forces P1,P2,P3,P4,
respectively. Two loading cases are considered, in which the shear forces are neglected and the
bending moments are realized through setting the eccentricities.
Figure.5 Self-equilibrium resistance frame
Numerical models in ANSYS are established. Figure.6 shows the plate welded and bolted joints.
Figure.6 Numerical models for joints
Numerical simulation is carried out and maded comparison with the measurement from test. Both
results show good agreement with each other. The ultimate load factor and corresponding Mises
stresses are shown in Figure.7.