PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE
SPIE—The International Society for Optical Engineering
Second Backaskoa Workshop on
Extremely Large Telescopes
Arne L. Ardeberg
Torben E. Andersen
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216 223 164
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9-11 September 2003
Bdckaskog Castle, Sweden
Organized and Sponsored by
Lund Observatory, Lund University (Sweden)
Cosponsored by
Wenner-Gren Center Foundation for Scientific Research and the Axel Wenner-Gren
Foundation for International Exchange of Scientists
Cooperating Organizations
SPIE—The International Society for Optical Engineering
International Commission for Optics
American Astronomical Society
European Southern Observatory
International Astronomical Union
>•
Published by
SPIE—The International Society for Optical Engineering
Volume 5382
Part Two of Two Parts
305
Composite materials for extremely large mirrors and optical structures [5382-36]
T. Ozaki, S. Hahn, Mitsubishi Electric Corp. (Japan)
313
Optical performance of pupil segmentation for 20- to 30- m class telescopes [5382-37]
F. Zamkotsian, K. Dohlen, Lab. d'Astrophysique de Marseille (France); T. Fusco, ONERA
(France)
323
Replication as an alternative approach for large segmented telescopes [5382-38]
M. P. Ulmer, M. E. Graham, S. Vanyman, Northwestern Univ. (USA); S. J. Varlese, Ball
Aerospace & Technologies Corp. (USA); D. Baker, Advanced Powder Solutions/Hardface
Alloys, Inc. (USA)
331
100 years of mirror blanks from SCHOTT [5382-39]
P. Hartmann, H. F. Morian, SCHOTT GLAS (Germany)
SESSION 7
INTEGRATED MODELING
337
Active optics challenges of a thirty-meter segmented mirror telescopy [5382-40]
G. Z. Angeli, R. S. Upton, A. Segurson, B. L. Ellerbroek, AURA New Initiatives Office (USA)
346
Integrated modeling of the Canadian Very Large Optical Telescope [5382-41 ]
S. C. Roberts, J. S. Pazder, J. T. Fitzsimmons, G. Herriot, National Research Council
(Canada); N. Loewen, AMEC Dynamic Structures Ltd. (Canada); M. J. Smith, J. Dunn,
L. K. Saddlemyer, National Research Council (Canada)
356
Integrated modeling for the VLTI [5382-42]
M. Muller, Technische Univ. Munchen (Germany); R. C. Wilhelm, European Southern
Observatory (Germany); H. J. Baier, Technische Univ. Munchen (Germany); F. Koch,
European Southern Observatory (Germany)
366
Integrated modeling of the EuroSO [5382-43]
T. E. Andersen, Lund Observatory (Sweden); M. T. Browne, National Univ. of Ireland/Galway
(Ireland); A. Enmark, D. Moraru, M. Owner-Petersen, H. Riewaldt, Lund Observatory
(Sweden)
Part Two
379
Numerical simulations of airflow in very large telescope enclosures [5382-44]
D. S. De Young, National Optical Astronomy Observatory (USA); K. Vogiatzis, AURA New
Iniatives Office (USA)
388
Aerodynamic modeling of the Canadian Very Large Optical Telescope [5382-45]
J. T. Fitzsimmons, G. Herriot, L. Jolissaint, S. C. Roberts, K. Cooper, M. Mamou, National
Research Council (Canada)
397
Advances in composite mirror and telescope technology [5382-46]
P. C. Chen, Composite Mirror Applications, Inc. (USA) and NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr.
(USA); R. C. Romeo, Composite Mirror Applications, Inc. (USA)
404
The optical modeling tools for the Canadian Very Large Optical Telescope integrated
model [5382-47]
J. S. Pazder, S. C. Roberts, M. J. Smith, J.-F. Lavigne, H. McKenzie, Herzberg Institute of
Astrophysics/National Research Council (Canada)
413
Experience with wind-excited mirror vibrations [5382-48]
H. J. Kaercher, MAN Technologie AG (Germany)
SESSION 8
SEGMENT ALIGNMENT SYSTEMS
422
Efficient method for the reduction of large piston errors in segmented-mirror telescopes
[5382-49]
G. A. Chanan, A. Pinto, Univ. of California/Irvine (USA)
431
Cophasing techniques for extremely large telescopes [5382-50]
N. Devaney, A. Schumacher, Instituto de Astrofisica d e Canarias (Spain)
440
Subaperture approaches to finishing and testing astronomical optics [5382-51 ]
G. W. Forbes, M. Tricard, QED Technologies, Inc. (USA)
449
Physical optics modeling of large segmented telescopes: a problem for distributed
computing [5382-52]
T. Peacocke, UK Astronomy Technology Ctr. (United Kingdom)
SESSION 9
ADAPTIVE OPTICS FOR ELTs I
456
AO for ELTs: How much margin for innovation? [5382-53]
R. Ragazzoni, INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (Italy) a n d Max-Planck-lnstitut fur
Astronomie (Germany)
462
Sensing the atmosphere on the upward path: LGSs without focal anisoplanatism for ELTs
[5382-54]
G. D. Love, R. M. Myers, R. W. Wilson, Univ. of Durham (United Kingdom); D. F. Buscher, Univ.
of Cambridge (United Kingdom); T. Butterley, T. J. Morris, Univ. of Durham (United Kingdom)
SESSION 10
ADAPTIVE OPTICS FOR ELTs II
468
Wide field adaptive optics upper limit performances [5382-55]
L. Jolissaint, Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics/National Research Council (Canada) and
Fonds National d e la Recherche Scientifique (Switzerland); J.-P. Veran, J. A. Stoesz,
Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics/National Research Council (Canada)
478
Wavefront reconstruction algorithms and simulation results for multiconjugate adaptive
optics on giant telescopes [5382-56]
B. L Ellerbroek, AURA Newlniatives Office (USA)
490
Ground layer sensing and compensation [5382-57]
A. A. Tokovinin, Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (Chile)
vii
viii
500
The fast (optics) and the furious (design): challenging optical design for multiple reference
wavefront sensors on 8- to 100-m telescopes [5382-58]
E. Diolaiti, Univ. degli Studi di Padova (Italy), INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Arcetri
(Italy), and INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna (Italy); R. Ragazzoni, J. Farinato,
INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (Italy) and Max-Planck-lnstitut fur Astronomie
(Germany); E. Vernet, INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (Italy); M. Lombini, Univ. degli
Studi di Bologna (Italy) and INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (Italy)
510
Sodium beacon wavefront sensing for the Euro50 telescope in the presence of perspective
elongation [5382-59]
J. M. Beckers, Univ. of Chicago (USA) and Lund Observatory (Sweden); M. Owner-Petersen,
T. E. Andersen, Lund Observatory (Sweden)
520
PIGS on sky - dream or reality? [5382-60]
S. Kellner, Max-Planck-lnstitut fur Astronomie (Germany); R. Ragazzoni, Max-Planck-lnstitut
fur Astronomie (Germany) and INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (Italy); W. Gassier,
Max-Planck-lnstitut fur Astronomie (Germany); E. Diolaiti, Univ. degli Studi di Padova (Italy);
J. Farinato, Max-Planck-lnstitut fur Astronomie (Germany) and INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico
di Arcetri (Italy); C. Arcidiacono, Univ. degli Studi di Firenze (Italy); R. M. Myers, T. J. Morris,
Univ. of Durham (United Kingdom); A. Ghedina, Telescopo Nazionale Galileo (Spain)
526
Development of lightweight mirror elements for the Euro50 mirrors [5382-61 ]
H. E. Bennett, Bennett Optical Research, Inc. (USA); R. C. Romeo, Composite Mirror
Applications, Inc. (USA); J. J. Shaffer, Bennett Optical Research, Inc. (USA); P. C. Chen,
Composite Mirror Applications, Inc. (USA)
533
Primary adaptive mirrors for ELTs: a report on preliminary studies [5382-62]
A. Riccardi, C. Del Vecchio, P. Salinari, INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (Italy);
G. Brusa, INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (Italy) and Steward Observatory/Univ. of
Arizona (USA); O. Lardiere, INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (Italy); D. Gallieni, ADS
International Sri (Italy); R. Biasi, Microgate Sri (Italy); P. Mantegazza, Politecnico di Milano
(Italy)
544
Performance analysis of the improved seeing limited mode for the Euro50 [5382-63]
M. Owner-Petersen, A. V. Goncharov, Lund Observatory (Sweden)
550
Adaptive optics and site requirements for the search of Earth-like planets with ELTs
[5382-64]
O. Lardiere, P. Salinari, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (Italy); L. Jolissaint, Herzberg
Institute of Astrophysics/National Research Council (Canada); M. Carbillet, A. Riccardi,
S. Esposito, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (Italy)
560
Dynamic performance and stability analysis for layer-oriented MCAO controllers [5382-65]
D. P. Looze, Univ. of Massachusetts (USA); R. Weiss, Max-Planck-lnstitut fur Astronomie
(Germany)
569
Separation of atmospheric layers [5382-66]
E. N. Ribak, Technion-lsrael Institute of Technology (Israel)
574
Mitigation of spot elongation effects [5382-67]
E. N. Ribak, Technion-lsrael Institute of Technology (Israel); R. Ragazzoni, Osservatorio
Astrofisico di Arcetri (Italy) and Max-Planck-lnstitut fur Astronomie (Germany)
578
Layer-Oriented on paper, laboratory, and soon on the sky [5382-68]
J. Farinato, R. Ragazzoni, INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (Italy) and Max-Plancklnstitut fur Astronomie (Germany); C. Arcidiacono, Univ. degli Studi di Firenze (Italy);
B. Paolo, A. Baruffolo, INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (Italy); H. Baumeister, MaxPlanck-lnstitut fur Astronomie (Germany); R. Bisson, NIDEK Technologies Sri (Italy);
H. Bohnhardt, Max-Planck-lnstitut fur Astronomie (Germany); A. Brindisi, INAF-Osservatorio
Astrofisico di Arcetri (Italy); J. Brynnel, European Southern Observatory (Germany);
M. Cecconi, Ctr. Galileo Galilei (Spain); J. Coyne, INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri
(Italy); B. Delabre, European Southern Observatory (Germany); E. Diolaiti, INAF-Osservatorio
Astronomico di Arcetri (Italy) and Univ. degli Studi di Padova (Italy); R. Donaldson,
E. Fedrigo, F. Franza, European Southern Observatory (Germany); W. Gassier, Max-Plancklnstitut fur Astronomie (Germany); A. Ghedina, Ctr. Galileo Galilei (Spain); T. M. Herbst,
Max-Planck-lnstitut fur Astronomie (Germany); N. N. Hubin, European Southern Observatory
(Germany); S. Kellner, Max-Planck-lnstitut fur Astronomie (Germany); J. Kolb, J.-L. Lizon,
European Southern Observatory (Germany); M. Lombini, INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di
Arcetri (Italy) and Univ. degli Studi di Bologna (Italy); E. Marchetti, European Southern
Observatory (Germany); G. Meneghini, NIDEK Technologies Sri (Italy); L. Mohr, Max-Plancklnstitut fur Astronomie (Germany); R. Reiss, European Southern Observatory (Germany);
R.-R. Rohloff, R. Soci, Max-Planck-lnstitut fur Astronomie (Germany); E. Vernet, INAFOsservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (Italy); R. Weiss, Max-Planck-lnstitut fur Astronomie
(Germany); M. Xompero, INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (Italy) and Univ. degli Studi
di Padova (Italy); W. Xu, Max-Planck-lnstitut fur Astronomie (Germany)
588
An active wavefront sensor to make feasible adaptive optics on 100-m class telescopes
[5382-69]
M. Xompero, Univ. degli Studi di Padova (Italy); C. Arcidiacono, Univ. degli Studi di Firenze
(Italy); R. Ragazzoni, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (Italy) and Max-Planck-lnstitut fur
Astronomie (Germany); E. Vernet, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (Italy)
595
The Lund dual-conjugate adaptive optics demonstrator [5382-70]
P. A. Knutsson, M. Owner-Petersen, Lund Observatory (Sweden)
599
Efficient simulation of adaptive optics technologies for the Euro50 telescope [5382-71 ]
R. C. Flicker, Lund Observatory (Sweden); P. C. McGuire, Instituto Nacional Tecnica
Aeroespacial (Spain)
SESSION 11
SITE CHARACTERIZATION
607
Site selection for the European ELT [5382-72]
C. Munoz-Tunon, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (Spain); J. Vernin, Lab. Universitaire
d'Astrophysique de Nice (France); M. S. Sarazin, European Southern Observatory
(Germany)
619
Turbulence profiles in the observatories of the Canary Islands: preliminary statistics for
adaptive optics [5382-73]
J. J. Fuensalida, S. Chueca, J. M. Delgado, B. M. Garcia-Lorenzo, J. M. Gonzalez-Rodriguez,
C. K. Hoegemann, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (Spain); E. G. Mendizabal, Instituto de
Astrofisica de Canarias (Spain) and Instituto Nacional de Astrofisica, Optica y Electronica
(Mexico); M. Reyes, M. Verde, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (Spain); J. Vernin, Lab.
Universitaire d'Astrophysique de Nice (France)
ix
627
Site characterization through the use of computational fluid dynamics [5382-74]
K. Vogiatzis, AURA New Iniatives Office (USA); D. S. De Young, National Optical Astronomy
Observatory (USA)
634
San Pedro Martir: astronomical site evaluation [5382-75]
I. Cruz-Gonzales, R. Avila, M. Tapia, F. Angeles, Univ. Nacional Autonoma de Mexico
(Mexico); E. Carrasco, Instituto Nacional de Astrofisica, Optica y Electronica (Mexico);
R. Conan, Lab. d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (France); R. Costero, D. X. Cruz, S. Cuevas,
J. Echevarria, F. Garfias, S. I. Gonzalez, L. Gutierrez, O. N. Harris, D. Hiriart, F. Ibanez,
L. A. Martfnez, Univ. Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (Mexico); E. Masciadri, Max-Plancklnstitut fur Astronomie (Germany); R. M. Michel, V. G. Orlov, L. Parrao, B. Sanchez,
L. J. Sanchez, Univ. Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (Mexico); M. S. Sarazin, European
Southern Observatory (Germany); W. J. Schuster, V. V. Voitsekhovich, Univ. Nacional
Autonoma de Mexico (Mexico); A. Agabi, M. Azouit, Univ. de Nice-Sophia Antipolis
(France); J. Borgnino, F. Martin, Lab. Universitaire d'Astrophysique de Nice (France);
J. Vernin, Univ. de Nice-Sophia Antipolis (France); A. Ziad, Lab. Universitaire d'Astrophysique
de Nice (France)
643
An automatically controlled SCIDAR instrument for Roque de los Muchachos Observatory
[5382-76]
J. J. Fuensalida, J. M. Delgado, B. M. Garcfa-Lorenzo, C. K. Hoegemann, M. Reyes,
M. Verde, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (Spain); J. Vernin, Lab. Universitaire
d'Astrophysique de Nice (France)
648
University of Tokyo DIMM: a portable DIMM for site testing at Atacama [5382-77]
K. Motohara, M. Doi, Univ. of Tokyo (Japan); T. Soyano, Kiso Observatory/Univ. of Tokyo
(Japan); M. Tanaka, K. Kohno, T. Miyata, Univ. of Tokyo (Japan); N. Takato, F. Uraguchi,
Subaru Telescope (USA)
656
The influence of spot saturation on DIMM seeing measurements [5382-78]
A. M. Varela, C. Munoz-Tunon, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (Spain); J. Vernin, Univ.
de Nice-Sophia Antipolis (France)
661
SLODAR turbulence characterization for ELTs [5382-79]
R. W. Wilson, C. D. Saunter, J. C. Guerra, Univ. of Durham (United Kingdom)
668
Detailed study of 200-mbar wind speed at the Canary Islands [5382-80]
B. M. Garcfa-Lorenzo, S. Chueca, C. Munoz-Tunon, J. J. Fuensalida, Instituto de Astrofisica
de Canarias (Spain); E. G. Mendizabal, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (Spain) and Instituto
Nacional de Astrofisica, Optico y Electronica (Mexico)
676
The importance of geotechnical studies for siting an ELT [5382-81 ]
G. R. Pescador, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (Spain)
680
The use of alternative energies for powering ELTs [5382-82]
G. R. Pescador, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (Spain)
SESSION 12
ELT INSTRUMENTATION I
684
Instrumentation studies for a European extremely large telescope: a strawman instrument
suite and implications for telescope design [5382-83]
A. P. G. Russell, T. G. Hawarden, E. Atad, S. K. Ramsay-Howat, UK Astronomy Technology
Ctr. (United Kingdom); A. Quirrenbach, Leiden Observatory (Netherlands); R. Bacon,
Observatoire de Lyon (France); R. M. Redfern, National Univ. of Ireland/Galway (Ireland)
699
Instrumentation for the Giant Magellan Telescope [5382-84]
S. A. Shectman, Carnegie Observatories (USA)
706
Designer detectors: a new paradigm for instrument development [5382-85]
J. W. Beletic, W.M. Keck Observatory (USA)
718
Smart focal plane technologies for ELT instruments [5382-86]
C. R. Cunningham, S. K. Ramsay-Howat, UK Astronomy Technology Ctr. (United Kingdom);
F. Garzon, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (Spain); I. R. Parry, Univ. of Cambridge
(United Kingdom); E. Prieto, Lab. d'Astrophysique de Marseille (France); D. J. Robertson,
Univ. of Durham (United Kingdom); F. Zamkotsian, Lab. d'Astrophysique de Marseille
(France)
SESSION 13
ELT INSTRUMENTATION II
727
FALCON: a concept to extend adaptive optics corrections to cosmoiogical fields [5382-87]
F. Hammer, M. Puech, F. F. Assemat, E. Gendron, F. Sayede, P. Laporte, M. Marteaud,
Observatoire de Paris-Meudon (France); A. Liotard, F. Zamkotsian, Lab. d'Astrophysique
de Marseille (France)
737
Optimizing telescopes for instrumentation [5382-88]
R. G. Bingham, Optical Design Service (United Kingdom)
742
LINC-NIRVANA: first attempt of an instrument for a 23-m-class telescope [5382-89]
W. Gaessler, T. M. Herbst, Max-Planck-lnstitut fur Astronomie (Germany); R. Ragazzoni, MaxPlanck-lnstitut fur Astronomie (Germany) and Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (Italy);
D. R. Andersen, Max-Planck-lnstitut fur Astronomie (Germany); C. Arcidiacono, Osservatorio
Astrofisico di Arcetri (Italy); H. Baumeister, Max-Planck-lnstitut fur Astronomie (Germany);
U. Beckmann, Max-Planck-lnstitut fur Radioastronomie (Germany); T. Bertram, Univ. Koln
(Germany); P. Bizenberger, H. Bohnhardt, Max-Planck-lnstitut fur Astronomie (Germany);
E. Diolaiti, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (Italy); A. Eckart, Univ. Koln (Germany);
J. Farinato, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (Italy); S. Ligori, H.-W. Rix, R.-R. Rohloff, MaxPlanck-lnstitut fur Astronomie (Germany); P. Salinari, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri
(Italy); R. Soci, Max-Planck-lnstitut fur Astronomie (Germany); C. Straubmeier, Univ. Koln
(Germany); E. Vernet-Viard, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (Italy); G. Weigelt, MaxPlanck-lnstitut fur Radioastronomie (Germany); R. Weiss, W. Xu, Max-Planck-lnstitut fur
Astronomie (Germany)
748
High time resolution astrophysics and extremely large telescopes [5382-90]
A. Shearer, National Univ. of Ireland/Galway (Ireland)
761
Prototyping results for a wide-field fiber positioner for the Giant Segmented Mirror
Telescope [5382-91]
A. M. Moore, A. J. McGrath, Anglo-Australian Observatory (Australia)
SESSION 14
XII
INVITED DINNER SPEECH
763
The future of ELTs (extremely large telescopes): a very personal view (Invited Paper)
[5382-92]
C. M. Mountain, Gemini Observatory (USA)
771
The VLT delay line rails alignment system by FOCALE Nanotech (Abstract Only)
F. Derie, E. T. Brunetto, European Southern Observatory (Germany); F. Ossart, FOGALE
Nanotech (France)
773
Position sensor for segmented mirrors (Abstract Only)
D. Roziere, FOGALE Nanotech (France)
77A
Positioning of optical payload, SALT telescope (Abstract Only)
A. Courtevilie, F. Garcia, FOGALE Nanotech (France)
775
780
Workshop Participants
Author Index