MONITORING ACTIVITY
OVER SUGAR BEET GROWING AREAS
E. Gabellini, G. Ciuffreda, D. Rosini
PADUA,
PADUA, 2008
2008 November
November 26th
26th
Summary
Project: “Consolidating sugar beet areas”
Monitoring activity carrying out in 2008:
Lepidoptera
– description
– results
– location
Cleonus
– description
– results
– location
Rainfall & shallow water table depth
– description
– results
– location
MONITORING ACTIVITY OVER SUGAR BEET GROWING AREAS
Cercospora leaf spot
– description
– results
– location
Nitrogen
– description
Nematode
– description
Crop cultivation costs
– description
2
Project: “Consolidating sugar beet areas”
In the period 2008-2010 our main activity is focused on:
“Consolidating sugar beet areas” project.
The main goal of the project is to increase the competitiveness of sugar
beet (higher yields and lower costs) through:
1st Phase
– Identification of sugar beet growing areas belonging to each sugar plant
– Identification of main agronomical problems to investigate in order to reach
the main goal in each sugar beet growing area
– Planning of experimental trials in each sugar beet growing area to solve its
specific agronomical problems
MONITORING ACTIVITY OVER SUGAR BEET GROWING AREAS
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Project: “Consolidating sugar beet areas”
2nd Phase
–Strong activity in dissemination using:
guide lines: technical information about sugar beet cultivation for each
growing area explained by sugar beer grower association extension services
to their farmers
monitoring activity to obtain information directly from farmers or crop fields
(about pest, disease, irrigation, crop costs and yields, fertilization, weed
control). This information’s have to be disseminate to other sugar beet
growers in order to inform them how to manage, to warm and/or prevent
information transfer using technical notes sent by mail, agronomical reviews,
meetings, field meetings with farmers, web site, sms
MONITORING ACTIVITY OVER SUGAR BEET GROWING AREAS
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Project: “Consolidating sugar beet areas”
3rd Phase
– Recollection of guide lines from farmers at the end of crop cycle (in
progress)
– Verifying and measuring of the guide lines application level and of their
effects in terms of increasing yield in comparison to other farms in the same
sugar beet growing area
– If necessary, there will be a correction of the guide lines and of field trials
and then, in the next campaign, the project will restart with the 1st phase
MONITORING ACTIVITY OVER SUGAR BEET GROWING AREAS
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Monitoring activity carriyng out in 2008
Activities and numbers for each sugar plant
MONITORING ACTIVITIES
PONTELONGO
SAN QUIRICO
MINERBIO
NITROGEN (soil samples in autumn)
15
30
20
CERCOSPORA LEAF SPOT (weekly
observations in June)
10
10
10
LEPIDOPTERA (weekly observations from May to
September)
6*
6*
6*
RAINFALL & SHALLOW WATER TABLE DEPTH
(15-days observations from half May until the end
of August)
0
20
0
HETERODERA SCHACHTII (soil samples in
autumn)
30
30
30
CONORHYNCHUS MENDICUS (CLEONUS
weekly observations from April to June)
2
0
4
CROP CULTIVATION COSTS (economical
analysis on sugar beet)
20
15
10
* 2 observations made by BETA
MONITORING ACTIVITY OVER SUGAR BEET GROWING AREAS
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Lepidoptera monitoring
Aim of this activity is to keep under control the most dangerous
Lepidoptera pests for sugar beet in the period MaySeptember.
A good knowledge about the species and their showing time
allows insecticide treatments to be effective.
We monitor the following species using different pheromones
attractive traps to capture adults
Mamestra brassicae
Spodoptera exigua
MONITORING ACTIVITY OVER SUGAR BEET GROWING AREAS
Autographa gamma
7
Lepidoptera monitoring: Mamestra brassicae
Pontelongo
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
San Pietro in C. (BO)
Sant'Agata Bol. (BO)
Argelato (BO)
Passosegni (BO)
Sesto Imolese (BO)
1° 2° 3° 4° 1° 2° 3° 4° 1° 2° 3° 4° 5° 1° 2° 3° 4° 1° 2° 3°
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
ADULTS CAPTURED
ADULTS CAPTURED
Minerbio
Caorle (VE)
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Bovolenta (PD)
Cona (VE)
Sarzano (RO)
Arquà Polesine (RO)
1° 2° 3° 4° 1° 2° 3° 4° 1° 2° 3° 4° 5° 1° 2° 3° 4° 1° 2° 3°
Portomaggiore (FE)
SEP
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
Lendinara (RO)
ADULTS CAPTURED
San Quirico
Concordia (MO)
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Casalmaggiore (CR)
Torrile (PR)
Motta Baluffi(CR)
Zibello (PR)
1° 2° 3° 4° 1° 2° 3° 4° 1° 2° 3° 4° 5° 1° 2° 3° 4° 1° 2° 3°
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
MONITORING ACTIVITY OVER SUGAR BEET GROWING AREAS
San Nicolò Rottofreno
(PC)
8
Lepidoptera monitoring : Autographa gamma
Pontelongo
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
San Pietro in C. (BO)
Sant'Agata Bol. (BO)
Argelato (BO)
Passosegni (BO)
ADULTS CAPTURED
ADULTS CAPTURED
Minerbio
Sesto Imolese (BO)
1° 2° 3° 4° 1° 2° 3° 4° 1° 2° 3° 4° 5° 1° 2° 3° 4° 1° 2° 3°
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Caorle (VE)
Bovolenta (PD)
Cona (VE)
Sarzano (RO)
Arquà Polesine (RO)
1° 2° 3° 4° 1° 2° 3° 4° 1° 2° 3° 4° 5° 1° 2° 3° 4° 1° 2° 3°
Portomaggiore (FE)
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
Lendinara (RO)
ADULTS CAPTURED
San Quirico
Concordia (MO)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Casalmaggiore (CR)
Torrile (PR)
Motta Baluffi(CR)
Zibello (PR)
1° 2° 3° 4° 1° 2° 3° 4° 1° 2° 3° 4° 5° 1° 2° 3° 4° 1° 2° 3°
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
MONITORING ACTIVITY OVER SUGAR BEET GROWING AREAS
San Nicolò Rottofreno
(PC)
9
Lepidoptera monitoring : Spodoptera exigua
Pontelongo
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
San Pietro in C. (BO)
ADULTS CAPTURED
ADULTSD CAPTURED
Minerbio
Sant'Agata Bol. (BO)
Argelato (BO)
Passosegni (BO)
Sesto Imolese (BO)
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1° 2° 3° 4° 1° 2° 3° 4° 1° 2° 3° 4° 5° 1° 2° 3° 4° 1° 2° 3°
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
Caorle (VE)
Bovolenta (PD)
Cona (VE)
Sarzano (RO)
Arquà Polesine (RO)
1° 2° 3° 4° 1° 2° 3° 4° 1° 2° 3° 4° 5° 1° 2° 3° 4° 1° 2° 3°
Portomaggiore (FE)
SEP
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
Lendinara (RO)
ADULTS CAPTURES
San Quirico
Concordia (MO)
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Casalmaggiore (CR)
Torrile (PR)
Motta Baluffi(CR)
Zibello (PR)
1° 2° 3° 4° 1° 2° 3° 4° 1° 2° 3° 4° 5° 1° 2° 3° 4° 1° 2° 3°
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
MONITORING ACTIVITY OVER SUGAR BEET GROWING AREAS
San Nicolò Rottofreno
(PC)
10
Lepidoptera monitoring: locations
Locations with highest Spodoptera presence
MONITORING ACTIVITY OVER SUGAR BEET GROWING AREAS
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Cleonus monitoring
To have an effective monitoring a 2 group of 5 traps
were buried until the edge in the soil with a distance
of 50 meters between each group and 3 meters
among each traps.
Figures about the adults captured each week in the
period April-June are important to define the timing
of treatments in order to prevent important
damages
Two adults captured in a week in one trap is the
starting line to spray insecticide
EX- SUGAR BEET FIELD
MONITORING ACTIVITY OVER SUGAR BEET GROWING AREAS
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Cleonus monitoring: results
CAVARZERE (VE)
Traps with more than 2 adults captured
TRAPS
CEREGNANO (RO)
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
CAMPOSANTO (MO)
CASTEL GUELFO (BO)
SANT'AGATA (BO)
SAN PIETRO IN CASALE (BO)
MINERBIO (BO)
1°
2°
3°
APR
4°
5°
1°
2°
3°
MAY
4°
1°
2°
3°
JUN
MONITORING ACTIVITY OVER SUGAR BEET GROWING AREAS
4°
PORTOMAGGIORE (FE)
13
Cleonus monitoring: locations
Locations with highest Cleonus presence
MONITORING ACTIVITY OVER SUGAR BEET GROWING AREAS
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Rainfall and shallow water table depth
The amount of rainfall and the shallow water table depth are two
important parameters used in Beta irrigation software “AcquaFacile” to
manage sugar beet irrigation
“AcquaFacile” has been developed by Beta and, based on the
Hargreaves equation, it allows to calculate reference irrigation volume
and irrigation system efficiency. Moreover, it is possible to update,
save, export water balances and import weather data.
A low shallow water table depth allows to avoid some irrigations.
MONITORING ACTIVITY OVER SUGAR BEET GROWING AREAS
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Rainfall and shallow water table depth
Alseno (PC)
Rainfall
150
100
Shallow water table depth
100
50
50
0
-50
-50
150
150
100
100
50
0
-100
-150
-150
-200
-200
-250
-250
-150
-150
-200
-200
-250
-250
-300
-300
-300
may
2° quind.
jun
1°quind.
2°quind.
jul
1° quind.
2°quind.
aug
-50
-100
-100
1°quind.
0
-50
-100
2°quind.
50
1°quind.
-300
2° quind. 1° quind. 2° quind. 1° quind. 2° quind. 1° quind. 2° quind. 1° quind.
set
MAY
JUN
100
100
50
50
0
-50
-50
-100
-100
-150
-150
-200
-200
-250
-250
-300
-300
2° quind. 1° quind. 2° quind. 1° quind. 2° quind. 1° quind. 2° quind. 1° quind.
JUL
AUG
AUG
SEP
SEP
150
150
100
100
50
50
0
0
-50
-50
-100
-100
-150
-150
-200
-200
-250
-250
-300
RAINFALL (mm)
0
SHALLOW WATER TABLE DEPTH (cm)
150
RAINFALL (mm)
SHALLOWWATERTABLE DEPTH(cm)
150
JUN
JUL
Scandolara (CR)
Gussola (CR)
MAY
RAINFALL(mm)
0
SHALLOWWATERTABLEDEPTH(cm)
150
RAINFALL (mm)
SHALLOWWATER TABLE DEPTH (cm)
Commessaggio (MN)
-300
2°quind.
MAY
MONITORING ACTIVITY OVER SUGAR BEET GROWING AREAS
1°quind.
2°quind.
JUN
1°quind.
2°quind.
JUL
1°quind.
2°quind.
AUG
1°quind.
SEP
16
Rainfall and shallow water table depth
MONITORING ACTIVITY OVER SUGAR BEET GROWING AREAS
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Cercospora leaf spot monitoring
The aim of the activity is to verify if Beta’s advising schemes
are able to reach an effective control of the disease.
Every year, in Italy it is important to define the first treatment
date and monitoring activity allows to reach this goal.
This monitoring has been realized by weekly observations of
the leaves, marking the numbers of infection centres and their
severity during June.
Moreover, it is carrying out studies to understand the relation
between infection rate, temperature and humidity.
MONITORING ACTIVITY OVER SUGAR BEET GROWING AREAS
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16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
severity
CASALMAGGIORE
(CR)
TORRICELLA DEL
PIZZO (CR)
DOSOLO (MN)
ZIBELLO (PR)
SAN SECONDO
(PR)
CORREGGIO (RE)
CA' LINO (PD)
CIVE'
COREZZOLA (PD)
SAN DONA' DI P
(PD)
PONTELONGO
single necrotic spots
(more leaves)
SAN QUIRICO
SAN NICOLO'
ROTTOFRENO
CALENDASCO
(PC)
FONTANELLATO
(PR)
CRESPINO (RO)
VILLANOVA DEL
GHEBBO (RO)
LENDINARA (RO)
CAVARZERE (RO)
ARIANO POLESINE
(RO)
CAORLE (VE)
4th week
3rd week
2nd week
1st week
more leaves with coalescing spots
CEREGNANO (RO)
Cercospora leaf spot monitoring
single necrotic spot
(one leaf)
MONITORING ACTIVITY OVER SUGAR BEET GROWING AREAS
inferction centres
19
Cercospora leaf spot monitoring locations
MONITORING ACTIVITY OVER SUGAR BEET GROWING AREAS
20
Nitrogen monitoring (in progress)
The purpose of this activity is to define the level of nitrogen
in autumn in the main sugar beet growing areas.
This figures allows to prepare a fertilization advising scheme
where we suggest the amount of nitrogen for the crop.
The data analysis processing is done by Beta using NIB
software, and we compare yearly autumnal soils samples to
those taken in the previous year and moreover we take into
account winter rainfall.
PIOGGIA
Rainfall
Ott '06
Oct 06
Gen '07
Jan 07
(mm)
(mm)
(**)
CONSIGLIO
Advice
2007
kg/ha
NNKg/ha
Rainfall
PIOGGIA
Oct '07
07
Ott
Gen
'08
Jan 08
(mm)
(mm)
VP Nord-orientale (Pontelongo)
152
90 - 100
200
Delta del Po
140
90 - 100
165
Comprensori di Bologna, Modena,
Ravenna, Alto Ferrarese ( Minerbio)
158
90 - 100
218
Homegeneous
ZONA OMOGENEA
areas
2007
Nitrogendi
Apporto
contribution
azoto
compared
rispetto al
to2007
2007
-
2008
CONSIGLIO
Advice
2008
N kg /ha
N Kg/ha
70-80
invariato
90 - 100
invariato
MONITORING ACTIVITY OVER SUGAR BEET GROWING AREAS
90 - 100
21
Nematode monitoring (in progress)
Beta trials in infested soil - 2008
The purpose of this activity is to define the Heterodera
schachtii spreading level in the sugar beet growing areas
In several areas of Minerbio sugar plant this activity
reach more than 50% of the farms.
This figures are very important to define the varieties to
use.
Variety
Seed industry
Juice
purity
Grower
income
MASSIMA
KWS
101,3
137,2
FLORIDA
Betaseed
100,3
135,8
HOUSTON
Betaseed
101,5
134,9
8K13
KWS
99,7
128,2
PIERA
KWS
100,3
126,8
VERDI
Sesvanderhave
98,9
124,3
PAULETTA
KWS
97,8
121,0
FERNANDO
Strube
Dieckmann
98,6
119,1
A 147
Hilleshog
98,4
118,3
COLORADO
Betaseed
97,4
115,6
RIMA
Sesvanderhave
100,0
100,0
FIELD MEDIA ABS. VALUES
90,9
1801,0
RIMA MEDIA ABS. VALUES
91,4
1455,5
LSD test (0,05)
1,6
12,4
MONITORING ACTIVITY OVER SUGAR BEET GROWING AREAS
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Monitoring cultivation costs (in progress)
Aim of the activity is to analyze crop cultivation costs in the
several sugar beet growing areas.
Monitoring activity allows us to understand:
-which are the most expensive agronomical techniques or
operating machines in order to reduce their costs
- the sugar beet net income compared to other arable crop
ones.
MONITORING ACTIVITY OVER SUGAR BEET GROWING AREAS
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