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Estratto da Reti Medievali Rivista, IX - 2008
<http://www.retimedievali.it>
Scritture e potere. Pratiche documentarie e forme di governo
nell’Italia tardomedievale (XIV-XV secolo)
a cura di Isabella Lazzarini
Firenze University Press
Reti Medievali Rivista, IX - 2008/1
<http://www.retimedievali.it>
ISSN 1593-2214 © 2008 Firenze University Press
«Cum omnibus eorum cautelis, libris et scripturis».
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