THE
PRESENT
PERFECT
The PRESENT PERFECT – Positive form
I have worked
I’ve worked
You have worked
You’ve worked
He / She / It has worked
He / She / It’s worked
We have worked
We’ve worked
You have worked
You’ve worked
They have worked
They’ve worked
The PRESENT PERFECT – Negative form
I haven’t worked
or
I have not worked
You haven’t worked or
You have not worked
He / She / It hasn’t worked or He / She / It has not worked
We haven’t worked or
We have not worked
You haven’t worked or
You have not worked
They haven’t worked or
They have not worked
The PRESENT PERFECT – Interrogative form
Have I worked?
Have you worked?
Has he / she / it worked?
Have we worked?
Have you worked?
Have they worked?
The PRESENT PERFECT
is formed by
HAVE / HAS
+
PAST PARTICIPLE
Examples
Definizione generale del Present Perfect:
Il Present Perfect è un tempo verbale che mette in
relazione
PASSATO
e
PRESENTE
Ad esempio si usa
per indicare un’azione appena successa
con l’avverbio
JUST
He HAS JUST BOUGHT a newspaper.
She HAS JUST WOKEN up.
He HAS JUST FALLEN.
She HAS JUST STOLEN something.
He HAS JUST MISSED the train.
EXAMPLES
REGULAR VERBS
IRREGULAR VERBS
= 3rd COLUMN
I HAVE WORKED
I HAVE LIVED
I HAVE PLAYED
I HAVE CRIED
I HAVE STOPPED
I HAVE BOUGHT
I HAVE EATEN
I HAVE DRUNK
I HAVE READ
I HAVE DRIVEN
Altri casi in cui si usa il Present Perfect:
Il Present perfect si usa per
dire che un’azione non è ancora avvenuta
con l’avverbio
YET
Examples
ESEMPI (dire che un’azione non è ancora avvenuta)
Non sono ancora arrivati.
They haven’t arrived yet.
Non ho ancora fatto i compiti.
I haven’t done my homework yet.
Il treno non è ancora partito.
The train hasn’t left yet.
N.B. Di solito YET si colloca in fondo alla frase.
Altri casi in cui si usa il Present Perfect:
Il Present perfect si usa per
chiedere se un’azione è già avvenuta
con l’avverbio
YET
Examples
ESEMPI (chiedere se un’azione è già avvenuta)
Tom è già arrivato?
Has Tom arrived yet?
Hai già visto questo film?
Have you seen this film yet?
Hai già comprato i regali di Natale?
Have you bought Christmas presents yet?
N.B. Di solito YET si colloca in fondo alla frase.
Altri casi in cui si usa il Present Perfect:
Il Present perfect si usa per
dire che un’azione è già avvenuta
con l’avverbio
ALREADY
Examples
ESEMPI (dire che un’azione è già avvenuta)
Sara e Chris sono già arrivati.
Sara and Chris have already arrived.
Conosco Mary. Ci siamo già incontrati.
I know Mary. We have already met.
Ho già fatto colazione.
I have already had breakfast.
N.B. Di solito ALREADY si colloca prima del participio passato.
RIEPILOGO
frasi negative
YET
= ANCORA
They haven’t arrived yet.
Non sono ancora arrivati.
frasi interrogative
= GIA’
Have you seen this film yet?
Hai già visto questo film?
ALREADY
frasi affermative
= GIA’
I have already had breakfast.
Ho già fatto colazione.
SIMPLE PAST
OR
PRESENT PERFECT?
• Frank arrived in London a week ago.
• Yesterday Mary went to the cinema with Sue.
• Last month I flew to Dublin.
• When I was in England I ate a lot of fish and chips.
• I was in Nice last week.
• I lost 50€ on Monday.
• I worked in London from 1994 to 1996.
• She went to a club last night.
• The teacher left 10 minutes ago.
• I sent her an e-mail the day before yesterday.
• I didn’t go abroad last year.
Le frasi precedenti sono tutte al ……
SIMPLE PAST
Ora trova l’espressione di tempo in ogni frase
a week ago
10 minutes ago
the day before yesterday
last night
last month
last year
When I was in England
yesterday
on Monday
Che cos’hanno in comune queste espressioni di tempo?
Sono tutte espressioni di tempo… ... FINITO.
•
•
•
•
•
•
Have you ever been to New York?
We have already packed our suitcases! Let’s go.
They haven't left for Paris yet.
We have never eaten crocodile soup.
‘Are you hungry?’ ‘No, I’ve just had dinner.’
Have you sent your postcards yet?
• I have seen Mary twice today.
• She has spent 500€ this month!
Espressioni di
tempo NON BEN
PRECISATO.
Espressioni di
tempo NON FINITO.
Le frasi precedenti sono tutte al … PRESENT PERFECT
Ora trova l’espressione di tempo in ogni frase
Quindi quando l’azione si è svolta in un periodo di tempo
che è FINITO
usiamo il
SIMPLE PAST
Esempi:
Ieri ho mangiato il risotto.
Yesterday I ATE risotto.
Un errore tipico:
Yesterday I HAVE EATEN risotto.
Il treno è partito un’ora fa.
The train LEFT an hour ago. The train HAS LEFT an hour ago.
Quindi quando l’azione si è svolta in un periodo di
tempo che
usiamo il
NON E’ FINITO
PRESENT PERFECT
Esempi:
Oggi ho comprato una camicia.
Today I HAVE BOUGHT a shirt.
Ho speso troppo questa settimana.
I HAVE SPENT too much this week.
E se nella frase non c’è l’espressione di tempo?
Allora bisogna riflettere e cercare di capire
qual è l’espressione di tempo
sottointesa.
Esempi:
-Can I take this newspaper? Have you read it?
-Can I take this newspaper? Have you read it yet?
-‘Look at Linda! She has cut her hair!’
-‘Look at Linda! She has just cut her hair!’
-Columbus discovered America.
-Columbus discovered America in 1492.
-It’s Mary’s birthday tomorrow and I haven’t bought her a present.
-It’s Mary’s birthday tomorrow and I haven’t bought her a present yet.
-Sally has seen the film "Titanic" three times.
-Sally has seen the film "Titanic" three times in her life / so far.
A: Have you ever been to Greece?
B: Yes, I’ve been there once.
A: When did you go there?
B: I went there two years ago. I was on a
cruise with my parents. We had a very good
time but the weather wasn’t very good. I
met a lot of French teenagers because the
ship left from Nice. I enjoyed the
monuments a lot but I didn’t like the food
very much: there was too much garlic!
A: Have you ever lost your keys?
B: Yes, I’ve lost my front door key once..
A: Where did you lose it?
B: Well, I didn’t actually lose it but I put it in a
drawer that I never use. I looked for it for
three days but I couldn’t find it. So I called a
blacksmith who changed the lock on my front
door. The day after I opened the drawer by
chance and I found my key there!!!!
RIEPILOGO
SIMPLE
PAST
azioni finite in un tempo FINITO
Ho mangiato molta cioccolata ieri sera.
I ATE a lot of chocolate LAST NIGHT.
PRESENT
PERFECT
in un tempo NON BEN
azioni finite PRECISATO ovvero con...
JUST YET ALREADY EVER NEVER
azioni finite in un tempo NON FINITO
Ho mangiato molta cioccolata questa settimana.
I HAVE EATEN a lot of chocolate THIS WEEK.
RIEPILOGO FINALE DEL PRESENT PERFECT
PRESENT
PERFECT
azioni finite in un tempo NON BEN
PRECISATO ovvero con...
JUST YET ALREADY EVER NEVER
Ho già fatto i compiti.
I have already done my homework.
azioni finite in un tempo NON FINITO
Ho mangiato molta cioccolata questa settimana.
I have eaten a lot of chocolate this week.
azioni NON finite con…
HOW LONG ..? FOR SINCE
Da quanto tempo vivi qui?
How long have you lived here?
Vivo qui da 10 anni.
I have lived here for 10 years.
Vivo qui dal 1998.
I have lived here since 1998.
Leggi le frasi, controlla i verbi sottolineati e correggi
quelli sbagliati.
Esempi:
I’ve lost my key.....CORRETTO.......
Have you seen Mary yesterday? SBAGLIATO: ..Did you see.
I spent a lot of money this month....................................
I have lived in France in 1996. .............................................
Did Martin find a job yet? ...................................................
I saw two films last night. ....................................................
When have you been to Greece?.......................................
Completa il dialogo. Usa been oppure gone.
ANGELA:
Hello, Mary. Is Rose at home?
MARY:
No, she isn’t. She’s just
................................... out. I think she’s
................................ shopping. She
wanted to buy some new clothes.
ANGELA:
Has she ............................. to New
Look?
I think so.
MARY:
ANGELA:
Oh, I’ve just ................................ there.
They’ve just started the winter sale.
MARY:
Oh, have they? I haven’t
.................................. into town this
week, but I’d like to go and do some
shopping at the weekend. Bye.
Completa con un verbo appropriato al simple past o
al present perfect (forma affermativa o negativa).
A: That’s a nice jumper. Is it new?
B: Yes, I ………………………it last week.
A: Are you tired this morning?
B: Yes, I ....................... to bed late last night.
A: Are you enjoying your new job?
B: I.......................... yet. My first day is next Monday.
A: Is Mark here?
B: No, he ..................................... two minutes ago.
A: Have you heard of George Washington?
B: Of course. He ........................ the first president of the USA.
A: Has Jane gone home?
B: Yes, she .........................................home at 4 o’ clock.
A: Do you like Paris?
B: I don’t know. I .................................there.
Scrivi un breve dialogo sulla base della seguente traccia.
Chiedi a un tuo amico se ha mai mangiato caviale.
Lui risponde di sì.
Chiedigli quando lo ha fatto.
Lui risponde che ha mangiato caviale due giorni fa.
Chiedigli dove l’ha mangiato.
Lui risponde che l’ha mangiato in un ristorante russo.