The Lisbon Treaty
[email protected]
Department of International and European Law
www.denisemilizia.com
L1
I1
S2 B2 O2 N3
The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel
Community (ECSC) formed among six countries in 1951 and the
Treaty of Rome formed in 1957 by the same states.
Since then, the EU has grown in size through enlargement.
The Inner Six, or simply The Six, were the six founding member-states of
the European Communities. This was in contrast to the outer seven who
formed the European Free Trade Association.
The Inner Six;
Belgium
France
West Germany
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
The Outer Seven;
Austria
Denmark
Norway
Portugal
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Today the EU has a population of over 500 million citizens
6 enlargements so far:
1957
France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg
1973
Denmark, Eire, United Kingdom
1981
Greece
1986
Spain, Portugal
1995
Austria, Finland, Sweden
2004
Czech Republic, Estonia, Cyprus, Latvia,
Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland,
Slovenia, Slovakia
2007
Romania, Bulgaria
Seventeen Member States have
adopted a common currency, the
euro, constituting the Eurozone.
Euro banknotes and coins have been in
circulation since 2002 and are issued by the
European Central Bank (ECB).
Italian?
Sixteen Member States have
adopted a common currency, the
euro, constituting the Eurozone.
They have been in circulation since 2002 and
are issued by the European Central Bank
(ECB).
De facto is a Latin expression that
means "by [the] fact." In law, it
means "in practice but not
necessarily ordained by law" or "in
practice or actuality, but without
being officially established." It is
commonly used in contrast to de
jure: de jure o de facto.
The Eurozone, officially the euro area, is an
economic and monetary union (EMU) of 17
European Union member states which have
adopted the euro currency as their sole legal
tender. It currently consists of Austria, Belgium,
Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxemburg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and
Spain.
Of the 10 EU member states outside the
eurozone, seven states are obliged to join, once
they fulfil the strict entrance requirements.
Three EU member states have exceptions (that
is, states not obligated to join the Zone),
including Sweden, which has a de facto opt out;
Denmark, which has an opt out that may be
abolished in the future; and the United
Kingdom, which also has an opt out provision.
(2007)
(2004)
(2001)
(1997)
(1992)
(1986)
(1957)
(1951)
Other minor treaties are:
Netherlands Antilles Association Convention (1962)
First Budgetary Treaty (1970)
Second Budgetary Treaty (1975)
2004 Accession (2003)
2007 Accession (2005)
The abandoned treaties are:
Defence Community (1952)
Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe (2004)
The Declarations are four:
Schuman Declaration (1950)
Solemn Declaration (1983)
Charter of Fundamental Rights (2000)
Berlin Declaration (2007)
The Schengen Agreement was signed on
14 June 1985 near the town of Schengen in
Luxembourg.
The Schengen Area comprises the territories of twenty-five European
countries. It operates very much like a single state for international travel with
border controls for those travelling in and out of the area, but with no internal
border controls.
The Schengen rules were absorbed into European law by the Amsterdam
Treaty in 1999, although the area officially includes three non-EU member
states, Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, and de facto includes three European
micro-states, Monaco, San Marino, and Vatican City. All but two EU member
states – Ireland and the United Kingdom – are required to implement
Schengen and, with the exceptions of Bulgaria, Cyprus, and Romania, have
already done so. The area currently covers a population of over 400 million
people and an area of 4,312,099 square kilometres (1,664,911 sq mi).
REMEMBER that:
The Treaty of Lisbon, also known as the Reform
Treaty, amends both the Treaty on European Union
(TEU, Maastricht, 1992) and the Treaty establishing
the European Community (TEC, Rome, 1957), the
latter being renamed Treaty on the functioning of the
European Union (TFEU) in the process, to include
most provisions of the European Constitution: it does
not combine them into one document.
No. of
articles
No. of
words
Treaty on European Union (TEU - The Maastricht Treaty)
55
12,358
Treaty establishing the European Union (TEC – The Treaty
of Rome), later renamed Treaty on the functioning of the
European Union (TFEU)
Protocols
358
52,977
37
41,101
Annexes
2
747
Declarations
65
12,553
European Charter of Fundamental Human Rights
54
3,663
The Lisbon Treaty
123,399 words
27 Member States
How many languages?
27 Member States
23 languages
27 Member States
23 languages
The Member States, at the time of
drafting the Lisbon Treaty, were 27. The
languages in which the Treaty was
drafted are 23 in that the document was
written
in
French
for
France,
Luxembourg, and Belgium, in German
for Germany and Austria, and in Greek
for Greece and Cyprus.
ARTICLE IV-448
ARTICOLO IV-448
Authentic texts and translations
Testi autentici e traduzioni
1. This Treaty, drawn up in a single
original in the Czech, Danish, Dutch,
English, Estonian, Finnish, French,
German, Greek, Hungarian, Irish,
Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese,
Polish, Portuguese, Slovak,
Slovenian, Spanish and Swedish
languages, the texts in each of these
languages being equally authentic,
shall be deposited in the archives of
the Government of the Italian
Republic, which will transmit a
certified copy to each of the
governments of the other signatory
States.
1. Il presente trattato, redatto in unico
esemplare in lingua ceca, danese,
estone, finlandese, francese, greca,
inglese, irlandese, italiana, lettone,
lituana, maltese, olandese, polacca,
portoghese, slovacca, slovena,
spagnola, svedese, tedesca e
ungherese, il testo in ciascuna di queste
lingue facente ugualmente fede, sarà
depositato negli archivi del governo
della Repubblica italiana, che
provvederà a trasmetterne copia
certificata conforme a ciascuno dei
governi degli altri Stati firmatari.
2. This Treaty may also be translated into
any other languages as determined by
Member States among those which, in
accordance with their constitutional
order, enjoy official status in all or part of
their territory. A certified copy of such
translations shall be provided by the
Member States concerned to be
deposited in the archives of the Council.
2. Il presente trattato può essere
parimenti tradotto in qualsiasi altra
lingua determinata da uno Stato membro
che, in base all'ordinamento
costituzionale dello Stato in questione,
sia lingua ufficiale in tutto il suo territorio
o in parte di esso. Lo Stato membro
interessato fornisce copia certificata
conforme di tale traduzione affinché sia
depositata negli archivi del Consiglio.
http://europa.eu/
Greek
http://europa.eu/
English
French
Irish
Italian
Portuguese
Finnish
Greek
Parallel or comparable
comparable??
English
French
Irish
Italian
Portuguese
Finnish
The European Union Constitution was signed on 29
October 2004 by the Heads of State or Government
of the 25 Member States.
France and the Netherlands rejected the text of the
Constitution in referendums held on 29 May 2005 and 1 June 2005.
The Lisbon Treaty was signed on 13 December 2007 in the
Jerónimos Monastery in Lisbon, as Portugal held the EU Council’s
Presidency at the time. It came into force two years later, on 1
December 2009.
Ratification took so long in that, under current law, unanimity is
required.
The Treaties usually take their name after the city where they
are signed: a few years usually elapse between this date and the
date of ratification (if any).
For the ratification of the Lisbon Treaty, for example, the process
proved to be extremely arduous: it was signed on 13 December
2007, it was rejected by Ireland in June 2008. In October 2009
the Irish went to the polls again and finally approved it. The
Treaty entered into force in December 2009.
The Treaty was supposed to be ratified in all member States by the
end of 2008, so that it could come into force before the 2009
European elections.
26 Member States voted “Yes”, albeit in different periods, but for
several reasons the Irish electorate on 12 June 2008 voted against it
(the proposal was defeated by 53.4% of votes to 46.6%, with a
turnout of 53.1%).
Abstention was high, and it is usually divided into two categories:
voluntary and circumstantial.
Voluntary abstention is the main reason for not voting: the main
element of this was a lack of knowledge or understanding of the
Treaty. Some people, when asked why they did not go to the polls,
replied “Even if you want to inform yourself and try and get educated
on it, you’d still need a dictionary to try and explain some of the
words in it”.
Just like in 2001, when the Irish turned
down the Nice Treaty, Ireland was
offered the possibility of another
referendum, with clarification of the
key issues that concerned the Irish
electorate. A further rejection by the
Irish people would have created a sort
of "semi-detached" member of the EU.
Turnout on 2 October 2009 in the
three-million electorate was 58%.
According to final results, 67.1% of Irish
voters approved it, while 32.9% voted
"No".
All of the republic's major parties
campaigned for a "Yes" vote except the
nationalist Sinn Fein.
One criticism frequently made of the EU
Constitution, for example, was that it is
“unreadable”: “A Constitution should be readable
and accessible to the population. It should not be a
document of 480 pages, with some 400 more pages
of appendixes and declarations. That’s really crazy”.
Admittedly, the language of the Lisbon Treaty, just
like any other European document, is unreadable
for the average person and appears to be written
more for a handful of civil servants rather than
Europe’s 500 million citizens.
Britain’s Foreign Secretary
Jack Straw
Size is important.
The smaller the better
when it comes to Constitutions.
In 2002, Jack Straw, Britain’s
Foreign Secretary, declared:
“The Constitution of the world's
most
complex
international
organization — the United
Nations — fits easily into my
jacket pocket. The Constitution of
one of the world’s oldest and
most successful democracies —
the United States — would fit
incumbent
neatly into the other
pocket. I do
not have a pocket big enough for
the Constitution of the European
Union”.
William Hague
We the people of the United States, in order to
form a perfect Union, establish Justice, insure
domestic Tranquility, provide for the common
defence, promote the general welfare and secure
the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our
Prosperity, do ordain and establish this
Constitution for the United States of America.
PREAMBLE
RESOLVED to mark a new stage in the process of European integration undertaken with the
establishment of the European Communities,
DRAWING INSPIRATION from the cultural, religious and humanist inheritance of Europe, from
which have developed the universal values of the inviolable and inalienable rights of the human
person, freedom, democracy, equality and the rule of law,
RECALLING the historic importance of the ending of the division of the European continent and
the need to create firm bases for the construction of the future Europe,
CONFIRMING their attachment to the principles of liberty, democracy and respect for human
rights and fundamental freedoms and of the rule of law,
CONFIRMING their attachment to fundamental social rights as defined in the European Social
Charter signed at Turin on 18 October 1961 and in the 1989 Community Charter of the
Fundamental Social Rights of Workers,
DESIRING to deepen the solidarity between their peoples while respecting their history, their
culture and their traditions,
DESIRING to enhance further the democratic and efficient functioning of the institutions so as
to enable them better to carry out, within a single institutional framework, the tasks entrusted
to them,
RESOLVED to achieve the strengthening and the convergence of their economies and to
establish an economic and monetary union including, in accordance with the provisions of this
Treaty and of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, a single and stable currency,
DETERMINED to promote economic and social progress for their peoples, taking into account
the principle of sustainable development and within the context of the accomplishment of the
internal market and of reinforced cohesion and environmental protection, and to implement
policies ensuring that advances in economic integration are accompanied by parallel progress in
other fields,
RESOLVED to establish a citizenship common to nationals of their countries,
RESOLVED to implement a common foreign and security policy including the progressive framing
of a common defence policy, which might lead to a common defence in accordance with the
provisions of Article 42, thereby reinforcing the European identity and its independence in order
to promote peace, security and progress in Europe and in the world,
RESOLVED to facilitate the free movement of persons, while ensuring the safety and security of
their peoples, by establishing an area of freedom, security and justice, in accordance with the
provisions of this Treaty and of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
RESOLVED to continue the process of creating an ever closer union among the peoples of
Europe, in which decisions are taken as closely as possible to the citizen in accordance with the
principle of subsidiarity,
IN VIEW of further steps to be taken in order to advance European integration,
HAVE DECIDED to establish a European Union and to this end have designated as their
Plenipotentiaries:
(List of plenipotentiaries not reproduced)
WHO, having exchanged their full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed as
follows:
[…]
RESOLVED to mark a new stage in the process
of European integration undertaken with the
establishment of the European Communities,
DRAWING INSPIRATION from the cultural,
religious and humanist inheritance of Europe,
from which have developed the universal
values of the inviolable and inalienable rights
of the human person, freedom, democracy,
equality and the rule of law,
RECALLING the historic importance of the
ending of the division of the European
continent and the need to create firm bases
for the construction of the future Europe,
CONFIRMING their attachment to the
principles of liberty, democracy and respect for
human rights and fundamental freedoms and
of the rule of law,
CONFIRMING their attachment to fundamental
social rights as defined in the European Social
Charter signed at Turin on 18 October 1961
and in the 1989 Community Charter of the
Fundamental Social Rights of Workers,
DECISI a segnare una nuova tappa nel
processo di integrazione europea intrapreso
con l'istituzione delle Comunità europee,
ISPIRANDOSI alle eredità culturali, religiose e
umanistiche dell'Europa, da cui si sono
sviluppati i valori universali dei diritti
inviolabili e inalienabili della persona, della
libertà, della democrazia, dell'uguaglianza e
dello Stato di diritto,
RAMMENTANDO l'importanza storica della
fine della divisione del continente europeo
e la necessità di creare solide basi per
l'edificazione dell'Europa futura,
CONFERMANDO il proprio attaccamento ai
principi della libertà, della democrazia e del
rispetto dei diritti dell'uomo e delle libertà
fondamentali nonché dello stato di diritto,
CONFERMANDO il proprio attaccamento ai
diritti sociali fondamentali quali definiti nella
Carta sociale europea firmata a Torino il 18
ottobre 1961 e nella Carta comunitaria dei
diritti sociali fondamentali dei lavoratori del
1989,
DESIRING to deepen the solidarity between
their peoples while respecting their history,
their culture and their traditions,
DESIRING to enhance further the democratic
and efficient functioning of the institutions so
as to enable them better to carry out, within a
single institutional framework, the tasks
entrusted to them,
RESOLVED to achieve the strengthening and
the convergence of their economies and to
establish an economic and monetary union
including, in accordance with the provisions of
this Treaty and of the Treaty on the
Functioning of the European Union, a single
and stable currency,
DETERMINED to promote economic and social
progress for their peoples, taking into account
the principle of sustainable development and
within the context of the accomplishment of
the internal market and of reinforced cohesion
and environmental protection, and to
implement policies ensuring that advances in
economic integration are accompanied by
parallel progress in other fields,
DESIDERANDO intensificare la solidarietà tra
i loro popoli rispettandone la storia, la cultura
e le tradizioni,
DESIDERANDO rafforzare ulteriormente il
funzionamento democratico ed efficiente delle
istituzioni in modo da consentire loro di
adempiere in modo più efficace, in un contesto
istituzionale unico, i compiti loro affidati,
DECISI a conseguire il rafforzamento e la
convergenza delle proprie economie e ad
istituire un'Unione economica e monetaria che
comporti, in conformità delle disposizioni del
presente trattato e del trattato sul
funzionamento dell'Unione europea, una
moneta unica e stabile,
DETERMINATI a promuovere il progresso
economico e sociale dei loro popoli, tenendo
conto del principio dello sviluppo sostenibile
nel contesto della realizzazione del mercato
interno e del rafforzamento della coesione
e della protezione dell'ambiente, nonché ad
attuare politiche volte a garantire che
i progressi compiuti sulla via dell'integrazione
economica si accompagnino a paralleli
progressi in altri settori,
RESOLVED to establish a citizenship common
to nationals of their countries,
RESOLVED to implement a common foreign
and security policy including the progressive
framing of a common defence policy, which
might lead to a common defence in
accordance with the provisions of Article 42,
thereby reinforcing the European identity and
its independence in order to promote peace,
security and progress in Europe and in the
world,
RESOLVED to facilitate the free movement of
persons, while ensuring the safety and security
of their peoples, by establishing an area of
freedom, security and justice, in accordance
with the provisions of this Treaty and of the
Treaty on the Functioning of the European
Union,
RESOLVED to continue the process of creating
an ever closer union among the peoples of
Europe, in which decisions are taken as closely
as possible to the citizen in accordance with
the principle of subsidiarity,
DECISI ad istituire una cittadinanza comune ai
cittadini dei loro paesi,
DECISI ad attuare una politica estera e di
sicurezza comune che preveda la definizione
progressiva di una politica di difesa comune,
che potrebbe condurre ad una difesa comune
a norma delle disposizioni dell'articolo 42,
rafforzando così l'identità dell'Europa e la sua
indipendenza al fine di promuovere la pace, la
sicurezza e il progresso in Europa e nel mondo,
DECISI ad agevolare la libera circolazione delle
persone, garantendo nel contempo la sicurezza
dei loro popoli, con l'istituzione di uno spazio
di libertà, sicurezza e giustizia, in conformità
alle disposizioni del presente trattato e del
trattato sul funzionamento dell'Unione
europea,
DECISI a portare avanti il processo di creazione
di un'unione sempre più stretta fra i popoli
dell'Europa, in cui le decisioni siano prese il più
vicino possibile ai cittadini, conformemente al
principio della sussidiarietà,
IN VIEW of further steps to be taken in order
to advance European integration,
IN PREVISIONE degli ulteriori passi da
compiere ai fini dello sviluppo dell'integrazione
europea,
HAVE DECIDED to establish a European Union HANNO DECISO di istituire un'Unione europea
and to this end have designated as their
e a tal fine hanno designato come
Plenipotentiaries:
plenipotenziari:
(List of plenipotentiaries not reproduced)
(Elenco dei plenipotenziari non riprodotto)
WHO, having exchanged their full powers,
found in good and due form, have agreed as
follows:
[…]
I QUALI, dopo aver scambiato i loro pieni
poteri, riconosciuti in buona e debita forma,
hanno convenuto le disposizioni che seguono:
[…]
The new coalition government in the UK
Nick Clegg
David Cameron
The Conservative Party would have liked to sabotage the
treaty, but they wisely dropped the promise of a referendum,
because the leader of the party, David Cameron, had great
ambitions and was wise enough to avoid a row that could
have wrecked his government.
In fact, in the general elections held in May 2010, the Labour
Party lost the elections, and after ten years of Tony Blair and
five years of Gordon Brown, the Tories won the elections.
The great change is the new coalition between the
Conservative David Cameron and the Liberal Democrat
Nick Clegg: as Conservative prime minister and Liberal
Democrat deputy prime minister, they now run the first
coalition government that Britain has seen since 1945. The
world-weary view of Britain’s new coalition government is
that it cannot last long: Conservatives and Liberal
Democrats are too hostile to each other. Plus, there is
certainly disagreement between them on European
integration: it is well known, the Tories have always been
against Europe, whereas the Lib Dems are passionate
about their pro-Europeanism.
This new job of a semi-permanent
president of the European Council
seemed to interest the former
British Prime Minister Tony Blair,
the
former
British
foreign
secretary, David Miliband, who for
a while appeared tempted, but
eventually decided to stay in British
politics and focus on domestic
ambitions (after Gordon Brown lost
the election, Miliband he is in fact
running for the leadership of the
Labour Party). Italy’s Massimo
D’Alema seemed also one of the
favourites for the foreign-policy
post, together with José Manuel
Barroso, Jacques Chirac, Bertie
Ahern, among others.
This new job of a semi-permanent
president of the European Council
seemed to interest the former
British Prime Minister Tony Blair,
the
former
British
foreign
secretary, David Miliband, who for
a while appeared tempted, but
eventually decided to stay in British
politics and focus on domestic
ambitions (after Gordon Brown lost
the election, Miliband he is in fact
running for the leadership of the
Labour Party). Italy’s Massimo
D’Alema seemed also one of the
favourites for the foreign-policy
post, together with José Manuel
Barroso, Jacques Chirac, Bertie
Ahern, among others.
This new job of a semi-permanent
president of the European Council
seemed to interest the former
British Prime Minister Tony Blair,
the
former
British
foreign
secretary, David Miliband, who for
a while appeared tempted, but
eventually decided to stay in British
politics and focus on domestic
ambitions (after Gordon Brown lost
the election, Miliband he is in fact
running for the leadership of the
Labour Party). Italy’s Massimo
D’Alema seemed also one of the
favourites for the foreign-policy
post, together with José Manuel
Barroso, Jacques Chirac, Bertie
Ahern, among others.
This new job of a semi-permanent
president of the European Council
seemed to interest the former
British Prime Minister Tony Blair,
the
former
British
foreign
secretary, David Miliband, who for
a while appeared tempted, but
eventually decided to stay in British
politics and focus on domestic
ambitions (after Gordon Brown lost
the election, Miliband he is in fact
running for the leadership of the
Labour Party). Italy’s Massimo
D’Alema seemed also one of the
favourites for the foreign-policy
post, together with José Manuel
Barroso, Jacques Chirac, Bertie
Ahern, among others.
This new job of a semi-permanent
president of the European Council
seemed to interest the former
British Prime Minister Tony Blair,
the
former
British
foreign
secretary, David Miliband, who for
a while appeared tempted, but
eventually decided to stay in British
politics and focus on domestic
ambitions (after Gordon Brown lost
the election, Miliband he is in fact
running for the leadership of the
Labour Party). Italy’s Massimo
D’Alema seemed also one of the
favourites for the foreign-policy
post, together with José Manuel
Barroso, Jacques Chirac, Bertie
Ahern, among others.
This new job of a semi-permanent
president of the European Council
seemed to interest the former
British Prime Minister Tony Blair,
the
former
British
foreign
secretary, David Miliband, who for
a while appeared tempted, but
eventually decided to stay in British
politics and focus on domestic
ambitions (after Gordon Brown lost
the election, Miliband he is in fact
running for the leadership of the
Labour Party). Italy’s Massimo
D’Alema seemed also one of the
favourites for the foreign-policy
post, together with José Manuel
Barroso, Jacques Chirac, Bertie
Ahern, among others.
The Lisbon Treaty creates two new posts: a new High Representative for
Foreign Affairs and an EU president of the European Council, in place of the
six-month rotating one.
On 19 November 2009, it was decided to give the council presidency to
someone from the centre right and the foreign-policy job to the centre left:
Belgian Prime Minister Herman Van Rompuy and British Catherine Ashton
were named as the EU's first full-time president and foreign policy chief.
Baroness Catherine Ashton, 54 years old, represents the EU on the world
stage. Herman Van Rompuy, a 62-year-old Christian Democrat, who has been
Belgian Prime Minister for less than a year, is the EU's new president. He said
climate change and Europe’s high unemployment will be key concerns in the
years ahead.
It cannot be denied that Britain is normally seen as an awkward
customer in EU affairs.
Smaller EU nations expressed the desire of a president from a
country that uses the EU's common euro currency and
participates in its passport-free travel zone and Britain has
opted out of those EU projects.
Plus, federalists muttered that this job could not go to anybody
from Britain, which refuses to join the borderless Schengen
area and always fights to keep its special rebate from the EU
budget.
What are the main differenceds between
the failed EU Constitution and the Lisbon Treaty?
- The most prominent difference is arguably that the Treaty of Lisbon
amends existing EU treaties, rather than re-founding the EU by
replacing old texts with a single document with the status of a
Constitution.
- The Union Minister for Foreign Affairs has been renamed High
Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy.
- In line with eliminating all ‘state-like’ terminology and symbols, new
names for various types of EU legislation have been dropped, in
particular the proposal to rename EU regulations and EU directives as
EU ‘laws’ and ‘framework laws’.
Three EU Member States (UK, Ireland and Poland) have negotiated
additional opt-outs from certain areas of policy, particularly the UK
(to safeguard the common law legal system).
Due to Poland's pressure during the June Council in 2007, the new
voting system (double majority) will not enter into force before 2014.
Combating climate-change is explicitly stated as an objective of EU
institutions in the Treaty of Lisbon.
EU symbols like the flag, the motto and the anthem, are not made
legally binding in the Treaty of Lisbon. All of them are however
already in use; e.g. the flag was adopted in the 1980s. Sixteen EUcountries have declared their allegiance to these symbols in the new
treaty, although the annexed declaration is not legally binding.
DECLARATIONS BY MEMBER STATES
Art. 8 of the failed Constitution has been repealed from the Lisbon
Treaty, but the content is kept in the Declarations.
It has been argued that, moving the Article to the Declarations they
have just moved the furniture round, but the house is still there.
ARTICLE I-8
The symbols of the Union
The flag of the Union shall be a
circle of twelve golden stars on a
blue background.
The anthem of the Union shall be
based on the "Ode to Joy" from
the Ninth Symphony by Ludwig
van Beethoven.
The motto of the Union shall be:
"United in diversity".
The currency of the Union shall
be the euro.
Europe day shall be celebrated
on 9 May throughout the Union.
ARTICOLO I-8
I simboli dell'Unione
La bandiera dell'Unione rappresenta
un cerchio di dodici stelle dorate su
sfondo blu.
L'inno dell'Unione è tratto dall'«Inno
alla gioia» della Nona sinfonia di
Ludwig van Beethoven.
Il motto dell'Unione è: «Unita nella
diversità».
La moneta dell'Unione è l'euro.
La giornata dell'Europa è celebrata il
9 maggio in tutta l'Unione.
C. DECLARATIONS BY MEMBER STATES
ARTICLE I-8
The symbols of the Union
The flag of the Union shall be a
circle of twelve golden stars on
a blue background.
The anthem of the Union shall be
based on the "Ode to Joy"
from the Ninth Symphony by
Ludwig van Beethoven.
The motto of the Union shall be:
"United in diversity".
The currency of the Union shall
be the euro.
Europe day shall be celebrated on
9 May throughout the Union.
Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany,
Greece, Spain, Italy, Cyprus,
Lithuania,
Luxemburg,
Hungary,
Malta,
Austria,
Portugal, Romania, Slovenia
and the Slovak Republic
declare that the flag with a
circle of twelve golden stars on
a blue background, the
anthem based on the "Ode to
Joy" from the Ninth Symphony
by Ludwig van Beethoven, the
motto "United in diversity",
the euro as the currency of the
European Union and Europe
Day on 9 May will for them
continue as symbols to express
the sense of community of the
people in the European Union
and their allegiance to it.
C. DECLARATIONS BY MEMBER STATES
ARTICLE I-8
The symbols of the Union
The flag of the Union shall be a
circle of twelve golden stars on
a blue background.
The anthem of the Union shall be
based on the "Ode to Joy"
from the Ninth Symphony by
Ludwig van Beethoven.
The motto of the Union shall be :
"United in diversity".
The currency of the Union shall
be the euro.
Europe day shall be celebrated on
9 May throughout the Union.
Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany,
Greece, Spain, Italy, Cyprus,
Lithuania,
Luxemburg,
Hungary,
Malta,
Austria,
Portugal, Romania, Slovenia
and the Slovak Republic
Thethe
shall
declare that
flag with a
circle of
twelve golden stars on
construction
a blue background, the
anthem expresses
based on the "Ode to
Joy"
from the Ninth Symphony
authoritativeness
by Ludwig van Beethoven, the
motto rather
"United than
in diversity",
the euro as the currency of the
obligation.
European
Union and Europe
Day on 9 May will for them
continue as symbols to express
the sense of community of the
people in the European Union
and their allegiance to it.
The Treaty of Lisbon explicitly recognizes for the first time the
possibility for a Member State to withdraw from the Union, as we read
in Art. 50:
Article 50
Articolo 50
Any Member State may decide
to withdraw from the Union in
accordance with its own
constitutional requirements.
[…]
If a State which has withdrawn
from the Union asks to rejoin, its
request shall be subject to the
procedure referred to in
Article 49.
Ogni Stato membro può
decidere, conformemente alle
proprie norme costituzionali, di
recedere dall'Unione.
[…]
Se lo Stato che ha receduto
dall'Unione chiede di aderirvi
nuovamente, tale richiesta è
oggetto della procedura di cui
all'articolo 49.
Valéry Giscard D’Estaing, French President from 1974 to
1981, has stated that there is hardly any difference
between the failed Constitution and the Lisbon Treaty
and has gone even further saying that this is more
unreadable than the previous one.
The Euro-skeptic think-tank “Openeurope”, after an indepth analysis, has asserted that the Reform Treaty is
96% identical to the European Constitution.
Thanks for listening!