Elm Yellows: another threat to elm conservation.
Pecori F.1, Santini A.1, Angelini E.2, Filippin L.2.
Phytoplasma are an emerging problem in crops and wild plants.
Macropsis mendax
Insect vectors
Co-occurrence of several factors
Host plants
DED resistant hybrids sensitive to EY
FL390***
FL433***
FL316****
FL365***
FL443***
FL189***
UPM 008
UPM 147
UPM 211
CNR
PI 4
141 CNR
FI 09
129 CNR
VI 2
083 CNR
BZ 8
062 CNR
FO 4
340 CNR
CA 2
263 CNR
VE 5
288
FL234***
FL446***
FL482***
FL337****
FL370***
FL452***
UPM 028
UPM 150
UPM 247
CNR
EN 3
242 CNR
AQ 1
324 CNR
CO 1
036 CNR
FI 17
331 CNR
PG 8
338 CNR 249 CNR
PA 03
PZ 1
209
CNR
FI 11
291 CNR
TE 1
325 CNR
IM 2
028 CNR
NO 2
015 CNR
SS 2
277 CNR
NU 3
271 CNR
AP 4
155
CNR 108 CNR
MO 1
TA 4
302 CNR
FI 13
292 CNR 069 CNR
TN 08
EN 4
243 CNR
MT 4
208 CNR
CA 1
262 CNR
PD 3
284
FL451***
FL033***
FL228***
FL100***
FL415***
FL214****
FL405***
FL568****
FL464***
FL301***
FL437***
SanZAN
FL 090***
PLINIO
UPM 057
UPM 061
UPM 071
UPM 159
UPM 161
UPM 163
UPM 190
UPM 164
CNR
PR 2
115 CNR 248 CNR
PA 02
FG 3
318 CNR
VA 4
294 CNR
IM 1
027 CNR
CA 3
264 CNR
TA 3
205
CEM 077
CEM 247
CEM 041
CEM 127
CEM 039
CEM 342
CEM 248
CNR
301 CNR
240 CNR
295 CNR
152 CNR
162 CNR
177 CNR
214 CNR
123 CNR
112 CNR
VR 3
CNR
CA 4
202 CNR
215 CNR 267
PG 4
CNR
AP 1
336 CNR
TR 1
107 CNR
PE 1
072 CNR
CE 3
059 CNR
FI 03
022 CNR
PC 1
173 CNR
PN 4
198 CNR
LE 1
CNR
CS 4
100 CNR
265 CNR
EN 1
CA 6
195 CNR 054
PG 6
CNR
FC 2
052 CNR
PD 2
039 CNR
BZ 5
199 CNR
VC 2
227 CNR
VT 2
212 CNR
SA 7
175 CNR
NO 1
167 CNR
UD 1
CNR
SA 4
317 CNR
VA 2
330 CNR 274
SR 2
CNR
CR 2
290 CNR
BA 1
201 CNR
VV 2
CS 1
956 CNR
CH 1
086 CNR
FR 4
146 CNR
VC 5
085 CNR
FI 16
CNR
VC 7
306 CNR
OR 2
102 CNR 298
FI 1O
FG 2
CNR 074 CNR
SI 1
134 CNR
VR 2
165 CNR
RE 1
159 CNR
CEM 032
CEM 137
109 FRI
FES 1
MO 2
GO 1
204 CNR 156 CNR 138 CNR
CEM 363
PA 10
UD 3
VB 3
RO 2
TA 2
MC 1
PI 1
LI 2
FL292***
FL431****
UPM 074
UPM 197
MACRO
CNR
RC 2
223 CNR
NU 4
272 CNR 070 CNR
TN 09
TO 4
FL418***
FL416***
UPM 128
UPM 212
CNR
MO 3
110 CNR
PR 1
114 CNR
PI 5
142 CNR
FR 5
168 CNR 253 CNR
PA 07
RO 7
FL307***
237
304
UPM 140
UPM 238
CNR
SS 5
280 CNR
RC 4
225 CNR
SS 4
279 CNR
SA 1
192 CNR
TE 3
333 CNR 251 FRI
954 CNR
PA 05
VRY 3
PE 2
178
FL469***
UPM 142
UPM 151
CNR
VA 3
293 CNR
TA 5
303 CNR
MI 1
044 CNR
SA 2
193 CNR
LT 2
170 CNR
OR 1
273 CNR
FI 01
001 CNR
VE 3
286
179 CNR
FG 8
323 CNR
MT 1
206 CNR
PI 3
140 CNR
AQ 3
174 CNR
TO 2
017 CNR
VI 3
285 CNR
BZ 3
057
UPM 146
UPM 196
CNR
CB 1
FL514***
FL526***
FL146***
FL589***
FL316***
FL365*** FL443*** FL189*** UPM 008 UPM 147 UPM 211
*
FL337***
FL370*** FL452*** UPM 028 UPM 150 UPM 247
*
FL214***
FL451*** FL228***
FL464*** SanZAN UPM 057 UPM 159 UPM 190
*
CNR 108
FL033*** FL100*** FL405*** FL301*** FL 090*** UPM 061 UPM 161
MO 1
FL568***
FL415***
FL437*** PLINIO UPM 071 UPM 163 UPM 164
*
FL390*** FL433***
FL234*** FL446*** FL482***
CNR
PI 4
CNR
EN 3
CNR
FI 11
CNR
TA 4
CNR
PR 2
FL431***
CNR
UPM 074 UPM 197 MACRO
*
RC 2
CNR 110 CNR
MO 3
PR 1
CNR 280 CNR
FL307*** FL467*** UPM 140 UPM 238
SS 5
RC 4
CNR 293 CNR
FL469*** UPM 142 UPM 151
VA 3
TA 5
CNR 179 CNR
UPM 146 UPM 196
CB 1
FG 8
FL465*** FL292***
October 2012
FL502***
FL588***
141 CNR 129
FI 09
242 CNR 324
AQ 1
291 CNR 325
TE 1
302 CNR 292
FI 13
115 CNR 248
PA 02
223 CNR
NU 4
114 CNR
PI 5
225 CNR
SS 4
303 CNR
MI 1
323 CNR
MT 1
FL051***
CNR 083
VI 2
CNR 036
CO 1
CNR 028
IM 2
CNR 069
TN 08
CNR 318
FG 3
272 CNR 070
TN 09
142 CNR 168
FR 5
279 CNR 192
SA 1
044 CNR 193
SA 2
CNR
206
140
PI 3
FL514*** FL526*** FL146*** FL589*** FL502*** FL588***
FL418*** FL416*** UPM 128 UPM 212
Ccfibbi/mappa
230 CNR
CT 2
232 CNR 297 CNR
TN 11
TA 6
FL467***
April 2012
Ccfibbi/mappa
300 CNR 068 CNR
TN 07
ME 4
CNR
BZ 8
CNR
FI 17
CNR
NO 2
CNR
EN 4
CNR
VA 4
FL339***
062 CNR
FO 4
331 CNR
PG 8
015 CNR
SS 2
243 CNR
MT 4
294 CNR
IM 1
CNR 300
TO 4
CNR 253
PA 07
CNR 333
TE 3
CNR 170
LT 2
CNR 174
AQ 3
FL385***
FL434****
340 CNR 263
CA 2
338 CNR 249
PA 03
277 CNR 271
NU 3
208 CNR 262
CA 1
027 CNR 264
CA 3
CNR 068
TN 07
CNR 232
RO 7
CNR 251
PA 05
CNR 273
OR 1
CNR 017
TO 2
CNR 230
ME 4
CNR 297
TN 11
FRI 954
VRY 3
CNR 001
FI 01
CNR 285
VI 3
CNR
VE 5
CNR
PZ 1
CNR
AP 4
CNR
PD 3
CNR
TA 3
CEM 271
CNR
FI 02
CEM 260
CNR
PG 2
CEM 055
CNR
LO 1
CEM 236
CNR
BS 3
144
VR 1
229 CNR
CO 2
075 CNR
CS 2
041 CNR
PU 3
082 CNR
BG 1
341 CNR 005
CNR
TO 3
096 CNR
MN 1
064 CNR
AV 1
169 CNR
VI 1
309 CNR
FO 5
AO 3
CNR 233
PN 8
CNR
TN 03
LT 1
007 CNR 228 CNR
RO 6
197 CNR
AG 1
AO 06
AQ 2
SA 6
RO 1
GE 2
PD 1
PN 2
VA 1
FL465***
FL489***
FL493***
FL506***
FL513***
FL509****
FL585***
FL579***
FL586***
058 CNR 023
VC 3
010 CNR 016
NO 3
213 CNR 158
PU 3
082 CNR 341
FO 5
038
CEM 085
CNR 311
AR 3
CNR 332
VI 4
CNR 032
BG 1
CNR 005
AO 3
CNR 233
AG 1
CNR 295
PG 4
CNR 336
PG 6
CNR 052
SR 2
CNR 290
FI 1O
CNR 074
RO 2
CNR
AP 1
CNR
FC 2
CNR
CR 2
CNR
FG 2
CNR
TA 2
152 CNR 162
TR 1
107 CNR 072
PD 2
039 CNR 199
BA 1
201 CNR 109
MO 2
204 CNR 156
MC 1
CNR 187 CNR 266
BN 2
CA 5
CNR 120 CNR 281
RN 2
SS 6
CNR 018
TO 3
CNR 096 CNR 064
PN 8
TN 03
CNR 007 CNR 228
AO 06
AQ 2
9/26/13
9/26/13
CNR 067
TN 06
CNR 056
BZ 2
CNR 046
MN 1
CNR 169
LT 1
CNR 197
SA 6
CNR 177
PE 1
CNR 059
BZ 5
CNR 227
VV 2
FRI 956
FES 1
CNR 138
PI 1
CNR 065
TN 04
CNR 063
TN 02
CNR 183
AV 1
CNR 231
RO 6
CNR 073
RO 1
CNR
CE 3
CNR
VC 2
CNR
CS 1
CNR
GO 1
CNR
LI 2
214 CNR
FI 03
022 CNR
VT 2
212 CNR
CH 1
086 CNR
SI 1
134 CNR
FR 2
CNR 171
RM 1
CNR 060
BZ 6
CNR 047
MN 2
CNR 194
SA 3
CNR 026
GE 2
FL509***
FL444*** FL455*** FL462*** FL483*** FL465*** FL489*** FL493*** FL506*** FL513***
*
CNR 122
FI 02
CNR 160
PG 2
CNR 042
CEM 055
LO 1
CNR 041
CEM 236
BS 3
CNR 309
CEM 107
MAL 2
CNR
BZ 4
CNR
AL 3
CNR
CS 2
CNR
VI 1
CNR
CR 1
CNR 265 CNR 240
EN 1
CA 4
CNR
CNR 267
215 CS CA 6
4
CNR
195 CNR 054
SA 4
VA 2
CNR 330 CNR 274
VC 7
OR 2
CNR 102 CNR 298
UD 3
VB 3
123 CNR
PC 1
173 CNR
SA 7
175 CNR
FR 4
146 CNR
VR 2
165 CNR
PG 1
112 CNR
PN 4
198 CNR
NO 1
167 CNR
VC 5
085 CNR
RE 1
159 CNR
TA 1
CNR 182 CNR 097 CNR
IS 2
TS 1
UD 2
CNR 104 CNR 084 CNR
FE 1
VR 1
CO 2
CNR 229 CNR 075 CNR
TE 2
RO 3
CN 3
CNR
CEM 357 CEM 370
AO 7
CNR 071 CNR 090 CNR
PD 1
PN 2
VA 1
145 CNR
AT 2
011
061
UD 2
084 CNR
TN 02
BZ 6
046 CNR 183 CNR
CNR 301
VR 3
CNR 202
LE 1
CNR 100
155
CEM 039 CEM 032
UD 1
CNR 317
284
CEM 342 CEM 137
FI 16
CNR
306
205
CEM 248 CEM 363
PA 10
CNR
PT 2
CNR
BZ 7
TS 1
104 CNR
BZ 2
018 CNR
CEM 041 CEM 127
CEM 307
105
TN 06
TN 04
RM 1
IS 2
281 CNR 056 CNR 063 CNR 060 CNR
SS 6
CNR
FL483***
119
009 CNR
LU 2
CA 5
120 CNR
RN 2
FL462***
196 CNR
RN 1
210 CNR
FE 2
BN 2
CNR
VI 4
158 CNR 032
CEM 085
CNR
SA 5
030 CNR
AL 1
AR 3
016 CNR 332
NO 3
213 CNR
038
CEM 320
037 CNR
PZ 2
VC 3
010 CNR
AL 3
042 CNR
CR 1
222
020
BZ 4
160 CNR
AO 7
CNR
CNR
RC 1
055 CNR
VB 2
TA 1
097 CNR
CN 3
CNR
CEM 397
101 CNR
SP 2
PG 1
MN 2
TE 2
RO 3
231 CNR 194
CEM 357 CEM 370
SA 3
073 CNR 026 CNR 071 CNR 090
275
136
182 CNR
FE 1
047 CNR
051
087 CNR
OR 3
185 CNR
MS 1
FR 2
065 CNR
307 CNR
SO 1
CNR
GO 2
118 CNR
AV 3
171 CNR
067 CNR
095 CNR
SA 8
CEM 012
203 CNR
BZ 1
266 CNR
CEM 077 CEM 247
CEM 260
025 CNR
PT 1
187 CNR
FL455***
CEM 271
024 CNR
GE 1
CNR
FL444***
CNR 237
CT 2
CNR 304
TA 6
CNR 178
PE 2
CNR 286
VE 3
CNR 057
BZ 3
FL434***
FL051*** FL339*** FL385***
*
091
023 CNR 311
CNR
MAL 2
209
081 CNR
PN 7
181 CNR
PN 3
058 CNR
CEM 107
288
124 CNR
VE 2
014 CNR
IS 1
122 CNR
nuova mappa di CONSERVAZIONE GERMOPLASMA
FL465***
092 CNR
FI 04
013
CEM 319
008 CNR
MS 2
137
053 CNR
PO 2
143
FL591***
092 CNR
FI 04
014 CNR
IS 1
024 CNR
GE 1
118 CNR
AV 3
203 CNR
BZ 1
135 CNR
VE 1
CEM 392
CEM 175
080
CEM 395
CEM 396
CNR
VC 1
021 CNR
CT 4
CNR
LI 1
133
239
CEM 400
CEM 391
CNR
BO 1
103 CNR
FO 1
106 CNR
FR 1
164
94110
CNR
CB 2
180 CNR
AO 5
006 CNR
BG 2
033
FL591***
FL592***
124 CNR
VE 2
181 CNR
PN 3
025 CNR
PT 1
185 CNR
MS 1
055 CNR
VB 2
101 CNR 030
SP 2
037 CNR 210
PZ 2
013
CEM 319
FL592***
081 CNR 095
PN 7
091 CEM
012
144
CEM 397
CNR
SA 8
CNR
GO 2
CNR
RC 1
136
CNR
CEM 320
SA 5
020
CNR
CEM 307
PT 2
CNR 009 CNR 135
AL 1
LU 2
CNR 105
CEM 392
FE 2
CNR 061
CEM 175
BZ 7
008 CNR 137
CNR 103
CEM 391
MS 2
BO 1
053 CNR 143
CNR 180
94110
PO 2
CB 2
CNR
VE 1
CNR
VC 1
CNR
LI 1
CNR
FO 1
CNR
AO 5
FL634****
CEM 165
CNR
MT 3
207
CEM 303
CNR
RA 1
116
CEM 114
CNR
SS 7
282 CNR
BI 2
012
CEM 193
CNR
PC 2
113 CNR
RO 4
076 CNR
SO 2
CEM 053
CNR
BS 2
035 CNR
GR 2
CEM 205
CEM 063
CEM 261
166 CNR
FI 12
130 CNR
EN 2
241
099 CNR
CZ 2
219 CNR
AR 1
121
CNR
TR 2
163 CNR
CE 1
188 CNR
CE 4
191 CNR
RA 2
117
FL 536***
FL 027***
CNR
PI 2
139
CEM 246
CNR
FG 1
200 CNR
BS 6
050 CNR
PU 1
157 CNR
VV 1
226 CNR
SS 3
278 CNR 250
FL 687***
PA 04
CNR
VE 4
287 CNR 308 COMMELI CNR
MAL 1
N
KR 2
220 CNR
CL 2
235 CNR
NU 1
269 CNR
VB 1
019 CNR
ME 1
244 CNR
CE 3
190
CEM 021
CNR
RI 1
299
CEM 098
CEM 241
234
CEM 016
CEM 253
LOBEL
CEM 007
CNR
CZ 1
218 CNR
TS 2
098 CNR
AN 2
151 CNR
RC 3
224 CNR
CH 2
176 CNR
SP 1
029
CEM 017
CNR
BS 4
043 CNR
SS 1
276 CNR
SI 2
147 CNR
ME 2
245 CNR
PN 6
094 CNR
089
CEM 304
CNR
ME 3
246 CNR
FI 08
128 CNR
FI 05
125 CNR
CA 7
268 CNR
TV 2
079 CNR
CT 3
238 CNR
SR 1
255
CEM 014
CEM 206
CNR
PN 5
093 CNR
GO 3
088 CNR
PG 3
161 CNR
MN 3
048 CNR
CS 5
216 CNR
AP 3
154 CNR
BS 5
049
CEM 178
CEM 043
CNR
LC 1
040 CNR
GR 3
132 CNR
AV 2
184 CNR
VE 6
289 CNR
RM 2
172 CNR
FI 06
126 FRI
952
VRY 1
FL634****
FL635***
FL635***
FL636****
FL636****
CNR 282 CNR
SS 7
BI 2
CNR 113 CNR
PC 2
RO 4
CNR 131
CNR
CEM 118
GR 2
PI 2
CNR
CEM 016 CEM 246
FG 1
145 CNR 011
CNR 287 CNR 308 COMME CNR
CEM 261
AT 2
VE 4
MAL 1
LIN
KR 2
CEM 114
CEM 193
CNR 299
CEM 396 CEM 021
LOBEL
RI 1
021 CNR 239
CEM 098 CEM 241 CEM 304
CT 4
133
CNR 234
CNR 246
CEM 400
CEM 313
CL 1
ME 3
106 CNR 164
CNR 093
CEM 014 CEM 206
FR 1
PN 5
006 CNR 033
CNR 040
CEM 178 CEM 043
BG 2
LC 1
FL634*** FL634***
FL585*** FL579*** FL586*** FL591*** FL591*** FL592*** FL592***
FL635*** FL635***
*
*
CEM 007
CEM 017
CNR 128
FI 08
CNR 088
GO 3
CNR 132
GR 3
FL636***
*
FL 639***
FL 647***
FL 677***
012
CNR 211 CNR
CEM 147
PZ 3
FR 3
076 CNR 052 CNR 150 CNR
SO 2
AN 1
TS 3
139
CNR 163 CNR
CEM 253
TR 2
CE 1
200 CNR 050 CNR 157 CNR
BS 6
PU 1
VV 1
220 CNR 235 CNR 269 CNR
CL 2
NU 1
VB 1
CNR 218
CZ 1
CNR 043
BS 4
CNR 125
FI 05
CNR 161
PG 3
CNR 184
AV 2
FL636***
*
CNR 098
TS 2
CNR 276
SS 1
CNR 268
CA 7
CNR 048
MN 3
CNR 289
VE 6
CNR 151
AN 2
CNR 147
SI 2
CNR 079
TV 2
CNR 216
CS 5
CNR 172
RM 2
CNR
RC 3
CNR
ME 2
CNR
CT 3
CNR
AP 3
CNR
FI 06
FL 432***
166 CNR
FI 12
099 CNR
CZ 2
188 CNR
CE 4
226 CNR
SS 3
019 CNR
ME 1
FL 603****
FL 302***
FL 109***
FL 240***
PN 1
CEM 313
307 CNR 051
CNR 207
CEM 165
SO 1
MT 3
087 CNR 275
CNR 116
CEM 303
OR 3
RA 1
222
CNR 035
CEM 395 CEM 053
BS 2
196 CNR 119
CEM 205 CEM 063
RN 1
080
211 CNR
FR 3
150 CNR
TS 3
CEM 118
CNR
CL 1
131
CNR
PZ 3
052 CNR
AN 1
CEM 147
CEM 203
FL 690***
FL 664***
FL 688****
FL 401***
FL 441****
130 CNR 241
FL 536***
EN 2
219 CNR 121
FL 027***
AR 1
191 CNR 117 FL
RA 2
603****
278 CNR 250 FL
PA 04
687***
244 CNR 190 FL
CE 3
302***
224 CNR 176
CH 2
245 CNR 094
PN 6
238 CNR 255
SR 1
154 CNR 049
BS 5
126 FRI 952
VRY 1
CNR 029 FL
SP 1
109***
CNR 089 FL
240***
PN 1
FL
CEM 203
690***
FL
664***
FL
688****
FL
FL 639*** FL 647*** FL 677*** FL 432*** FL 401***
441****
1/1
1/1
Real-Time PCR results
Visual symptoms evaluation was compared with real-time PCR results:
Asymptomatic plants can be affected by EY.
In hardly diseased plants, phytoplasma might be not-detected because
of death or degeneration.
 Like in grapevine, phytoplasma might be not-present in all tissues.
 Different genotype have different susceptibility, in fact tolerant plants
might have high presence of pathogen with few symptoms and
susceptible plants might have low presence of pathogen with hard
symptoms.
Regeneration of European Clonal Collection
(50 °C ± 0.5 °C) for 45 min
Boudon-Padieu et al., 2004
Disease spreading in gardens and parks
Florence “Parco delle Cascine”
How these elms can be infected?
Roots shoots
Jump from side plants
Thanks for your attention!