Passato Prossimo
The Present Perfect
INDEX
Goals
By lesson’s end the learner will be able to:
1. Discuss the differences and the similarities
between the English Present Perfect and the
Italian Passato Prossimo.
2. Form the Passato Prossimo in Italian with both:
1. Essere helping verbs and
2. Avere helping verbs
3. Use the Passato Prossimo in context.
Passato Prossimo
PRESENT PERFECT
Goals
By lesson’s end the learner will be able to:
1. Define the English Present Perfect.
2. Provide examples of the regular formation of
the tense.
3. Provide examples of the irregular formation
of the tense.
4. Use the English Present Perfect in context.
The Present Perfect
• In English the Present Perfect indicates an action that has
been completed in the recent past. For example:
Yesterday I walked home from school.
• In this example we see that:
– The action occurred recently: Yesterday
– The action was completed entirely: There is nothing left to say.
• Can anyone think of a Present Perfect sentence?
The Present Perfect
• In English the Present Perfect is created by adding ‘-ed’ to a
regular verb. For example:
To walk – Infinitive form
I walked – Present Perfect
To watch – Infinitive form
I watched – Present Perfect
To call – Infinitive form
I called – Present Perfect
Can anyone think of similar examples of ‘-ed’ verbs?
The Present Perfect
• As we have seen in English the Present Perfect is created by
adding ‘-ed’ to a regular verb. For example:
To walk – Infinitive form
I walked – Present Perfect
• There are also irregular English verbs that do not follow this
pattern, for example:
To run – Infinitive form
I ran – Present Perfect
• As you can see, irregular Present Perfect verbs change the
entire form of the verb.
Can anyone think of similar examples of irregular verbs?
Present Perfect
PASSATO PROSSIMO
Goals
By lesson’s end the learner will be able to:
1. Explain when the Italian Passato Prossimo is used.
2. Discuss the similarities and the differences between the
English Present Perfect and the Italian Passato Prossimo.
3. Provide examples of the avere formation and the essere
formation.
4. Provide examples of the regular formation of the tense.
5. Provide examples of the irregular formation of the tense.
6. Use the Passato Prossimo in context.
Passato Prossimo = Kodak Moment
• The English Present Perfect is called Passato
Prossimo in Italian.
• As its English equivalent the Italian Passato
Prossimo discusses events that have been
completed in the recent past.
• The Passato Prossimo action can be
captured as a Kodak Moment.
Passato Prossimo
• The Passato Prossimo in Italian comes in two
flavors:
– Essere verbs
– Avere verbs
• The first flavor of Passato Prossimo verbs that
we will discuss is the Avere variety.
Reviewing
• Are you ready to answers a few questions
about what we have discussed thus far?
YES
NO
Can you answer these questions?
• What is the Present Perfect in English?
• How is it formed in English?
• What is the equivalent of the English form called in
Italian?
• What does the concept of the Kodak Moment
mean?
• How many flavors of the Passato Prossimo are there?
• What are these flavors of the Passato Prossimo?
Reviewing
• Are you comfortable with the material that has been
presented?
• Do you feel that you have answered the questions
with ease and you are now ready to continue?
• If you have answered ‘yes’ to both questions then
click on the “Yes” button.
YES
NO
Reviewing the avere helping verb
RIPASSANDO IL VERBO AVERE
Goals
By lesson’s end the learner will be able to:
1. Conjugate avere in the Present Indicative.
Avere
Subject Pronoun
Verb
1st
Io
Ho
2nd
Tu
Hai
3rd
Lui, lei, (Lei)
Ha
1st
Noi
Abbiamo
2nd
Voi
Avete
3rd
Loro (Loro)
Hanno
Singular
Plural
Reviewing
• Are you ready to answers a few questions
about what we have discussed thus far?
YES
NO
Ripasso del verbo Avere
1. La zia (avere) una macchina tedesca.
2. Noi non (avere) il biglietto per il teatro.
3. Tu (avere) tempo prima di studiare.
4. Io (avere) un amico italo-francese.
5. Loro (avere) una casa al mare.
6. Gina e tu (avere) un DVDregistatore SONY.
7. Lui non (avere) una casa in montagna.
8. Marta e Tina non (avere) un lettore DVD.
9. Io e Dario (avere) del tempo libero per studiare.
10. Voi (avere) i soldi per comprare un nuovo DVD.
Reviewing
• Are you comfortable with the material that has been
presented?
• Do you feel that you have answered the questions
with ease and you are now ready to continue?
• If you have answered ‘yes’ to both questions then
click on the “Yes” button.
YES
NO
The Participio Passato
THE PAST PARTICIPLE
Goals
By lesson’s end the learner will be able to:
1. Explain what a Past Participle is.
2. Form the Past Participle of regular verbs.
1. Provide examples of the Past Participle of regular
verbs.
3. Form the Past Participle of irregular verbs.
1. Provide examples of the Past Participle of irregular verbs.
The Past Participle
What is a Past Participle in English?
• A past participle indicates past or completed
action or time. It is often called the 'ed' form as it
is formed by adding ‘-d’ or ‘-ed,’ to the base form
of regular verbs, however it is also formed in
various other ways for irregular verbs. [Definition from:
Learn English.]
• It can be used to form a verb phrase as part of
the present perfect tense. [Definition from: Learn English.]
The Past Participle of Regular Verbs
• As we have seen regular verbs form the Past
Participle by adding either a ‘-d’ or an ‘-ed’ to
the infinitive form, for example:
– To walk … walk + ed = walked
– To jump … jump + ed = jumped
– To plant … plant + ed = planted
Reviewing
• Are you ready to answers a few questions
about what we have discussed thus far?
YES
NO
Can you form the Past Participle of these verbs?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Watch
Enjoy
Read
Spend
Study
Finish
Test
Eat
Arrive
Swim
Reviewing
• Are you comfortable with the material that has been
presented?
• Do you feel that you have answered the questions
with ease and you are now ready to continue?
• If you have answered ‘yes’ to both questions then
click on the “Yes” button.
YES
NO
The Past Participle
IL PARTICIPIO PASSATO
Goals
By lesson’s end the learner will be able to:
1. Explain what a Participio Passato is.
2. Form the Participio Passato of regular verbs.
1. Provide examples of the Participio Passato of regular
verbs.
3. Form the Participio Passato of irregular verbs.
1. Provide examples of the Participio Passato of
irregular verbs.
The Past Participle = Il Participio Passato
What is a Participio Passato?
• The Italian equivalent of the Past Participle is the
Participio Passato.
• In Italian Participio Passato by itself has no
meaning.
• A Participio Passato in Italian is used to form part
of a compound verb indicating a past action.
– A compound verb is a verb consisting of two parts.
Participio Passato di Verbi Regolari
How is a Participio Passato of a regular verb formed?
To form the Participio Passato of a regular verb, follow
these steps:
Verbs ending in ‘-are’:
Parlare … Parlare … Parl + ato => Parlato
Vendere … Vendere … Vend + uto => Venduto
Uscire … Uscire … Usc + ito => Uscito
Capire … Capire … Cap + ito => Capito --- There is no isc!
Reviewing
• Are you ready to answers a few questions
about what we have discussed thus far?
YES
NO
Can you form the Past Participle of these verbs?
Volgere al Participio Passato
Volgere al Participio Passato
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Guardare
Ballare
Avere
Ubbidire
Studiare
Finire
Attaccare
Battere
Camminare
Giocare
Comprare
Vendere
Portare
Sottolineare
Salire
Allegare
Mangiare
Potere
Riportare
Spedire
Passare
Partire
Dimostrare
Dovere
Attraversare
Elencare
Ricevere
Volere
Controllare
Dormire
Reviewing
• Are you comfortable with the material that has been
presented?
• Do you feel that you have answered the questions
with ease and you are now ready to continue?
• If you have answered ‘yes’ to both questions then
click on the “Yes” button.
YES
NO
Present Perfect with the avere helping verb
PASSATO PROSSIMO CON AVERE
Goals
By lesson’s end the learner will be able to:
1. Conjugate avere in the Present Indicative.
2. Form the Past Participle of a regulare ‘-are’ , ‘-ere’ and ‘ire’ verb.
3. Provide examples of the avere formation of the Passato
Prossimo.
4. Provide examples of the regular formation of the Passato
Prossimo.
5. Provide examples of the irregular formation of the
Passato Prossimo.
6. Use the Passato Prossimo of avere verbs in context.
Passato Prossimo = Kodak Moment
• As you know the Passato Prossimo represents
a Kodak Moment.
– That is: It connotes an action that has been
completed in the recent past.
Passato Prossimo Has Two Parts
• The Passato Prossimo has two parts:
– A helping verb, called an auxiliary verb
– A past participle
For example:
Io ho parlato
Tu hai venduto
Lui ha capito
Lei ha finito
Noi abbiamo parlato
Voi avete venduto
Loro hanno capito
Loro hanno finito
From this one can derive an
important fact:
1. With avere verbs there is no
change in the endings:
1. -ato
2. -uto
3. -ito
Let us take a closer look…
Forming the Passato Prossimo
The Passato Prossimo is comprised of two parts:
Helping Verb + Past Participle
Some linguists call the helping verb an auxiliary verb.
In the case of the avere verbs, the situation is as
follows:
Avere (in some form) + -ato, -uto, -ito
Passato Prossimo: A Closer Look
As we have seen the Passato Prossimo is comprised of two parts: Helping Verb + Past
Participle. The question becomes: Which form of the helping verb is to be used?
Look to the subject for help! Remember that the helping verb in this case is AVERE.
Io (parlare) italiano in casa.
Avere
Sing.
Subject
This tells me that the
helping verb is going to
be a first person singular
form
Io ho parlato italiano in casa.
1st
Singular
Io ho (parlare) italiano in casa.
-ato
1
Io
Ho
2
Tu
Hai
3
Lui
Ha
1
Noi
Abbiamo
2
Voi
Avete
3
Loro
Hanno
Pl.
Passato Prossimo: A Closer Look
As we have seen the Passato Prossimo is comprised of two parts:
Helping Verb + Past Participle
The question becomes: Which form of theAvere
helping verb is to be used?
Io (parlare) italiano in casa.
Sing.
Look to the subject for help!
Subject
1st
Singular
ho
-ato
1
Io
Ho
2
Tu
Hai
3
Lui
Ha
1
Noi
Abbiamo
2
Voi
Avete
3
Loro
Hanno
Pl.
Remember that the helping verb in this case is AVERE.
Passato Prossimo: Another Example
The following examples are all based on “avere” verbs.
Lorena ed Alberto (capire) la lezione.
Lorena ed Alberto hanno capito la lezione.
Reviewing
• Are you ready to answers a few questions
about what we have discussed thus far?
YES
NO
Usando Il Passato Prossimo
1.
2.
3.
4.
Gina ed io (visitare) Firenze il mese scorso.
Tina (comprare) una giacca di pelle in un negozio su Ponte Vecchio.
Tu (aspettare) molto tempo in coda per comprare i biglietti.
Marta (salire) le scale della cupola di Brunelleschi per vedere il
panorama.
5. Io (vedere) due capolavori di Botticelli agli Uffizi l’anno scorso.
6. Ghilberti (creare) le porte del battistero.
7. Voi non (mangiare) con noi ieri sera.
8. Io (pagare) molto per il pranzo.
9. Lei (ricevere) molte mail da casa questa mattina.
10. Loro (ordinare) cena in camera.