The Italian Collaboration
at Jefferson Lab
INFN is participating to the scientific activity at Jefferson Lab since 1991
The collaboration was initially formed by ~25
scientists of the INFN Units of Bari, Genova and
the Frascati National Laboratory and has been
contributing to the 6 GeV program in Hall A and
Hall B
Presently, the Italian Collaboration includes 80
scientists among experimentalists and theorists
from 16 INFN Units and National Laboratories, who
are participating to the 6 GeV running and 12 GeV
Upgrade
INFN Units:
Sezione di Alessandria
Sezione di Bari
Sezione di Cagliari
Sezione di Catania
Sezione di Ferrara
Sezione di Genova
Istituto Superiore di Sanità
Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati
Sezione
Sezione
Sezione
Sezione
Sezione
Sezione
Sezione
Sezione
di
di
di
di
di
di
di
di
Milano Bicocca
Pavia
Perugia
Pisa
Roma I
Roma II
Torino
Trento
The 12 GeV upgrade
The Italian Collaboration is participating to the upgrade of the Laboratory, contributing
to the development of the physics program and to the design and construction of new
equipment for Hall A and Hall B
The main physics topics of the program proposed by Italian scientists are:
Structure of the Nucleon:
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P. Rossi, E12-07-107: “Studies of Spin-Orbit Correlations with Longitudinally
Polarized Target”
E. Cisbani, E12-07-109: “Large Acceptance Proton Form Factor Ratio
Measurements at 13 and 15 (GeV/c)2 Using Recoil Polarization Method”
M. Mirazita, E12-09-007: “Studies of partonic distributions using semiinclusive production of kaons”
M. Contalbrigo, E12-09-008: “Studies of the Boer-Mulders Asymmetry in Kaon
Electroproduction with Hydrogen and Deuterium Targets”
E. Cisbani, P. Rossi, E12-09-009: “Studies of Spin-Orbit Correlations in Kaon
Electroproduction in DIS with Polarized Hydrogen and Deuterium Targets”
E. Cisbani, E12-09-018: “Measurement of the Semi-Inclusive pi and kappa
electro-production in DIS regime from transversely polarized 3He target with
the SBS&BB spectrometers in Hall A”
R. De Vita, M. Mirazita, LOI-09-001: “Deeply virtual Compton scattering on the
neutron with CLAS at 11 GeV”
Hadron Spectroscopy:
•
Hall A
CLAS12
M. Battaglieri, R. De Vita, LOI12-10-001: “Spectroscopy with Low Q2 electroscattering in CLAS”
Hardware contributions to the Jefferson Lab upgrade
involve the Super-Big-Byte Spectrometer for Hall A and
the Forward Tagging facility, the RICH detector and the
Central Neutron Detector for CLAS12 in Hall B
Hall B
Super-Big-Byte Spectrometer in Hall A
New Spectrometer for Hall A:
High Luminosity (~1039)
Front End
Card
Forward angle (down to 7
degree)
Large acceptance (for Hall A)
Equipment flexibility and for
optimal reuse in different
experiments
ADC and control
VME64x module
Italian responsibility on the
primary tracker:
Large area GEM chambers
for tracking with resolution
~70 mm
Able to support 0.5 MHz/cm2
background hits
Use small silicon planes to
improve reconstruction
Development of the
electronics for all trackers for
more than 100000 channels
Prototype Beam Test
The Forward Tagging Facility for CLAS12:
Quasi-real electroproduction at Low Q2
A tagged photon beam will open new possibility
for high quality physics beyond the already
approved program
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•
• Exotic meson search
• Hadron spectroscopy
• J/y threshold production
• ...
Electron scattering at “0” degrees (2° - 5°)  low Q2 virtual photon  real photon
Photon tagged by detecting the scattered
electron at low angles
Quasi-real photons are linearly polarized
 Polarization ~ 65% - 20%
High Equivalent Luminosity
 Ng ~ 5 x107 g/s
(unique opportunity to run thin gas target!)
Calorimeter
+
Tracking
+
Veto
Electron energy/momentum
Photon energy (n=E-E')
Polarization e-1 ~ 1 + n2/2EE'
Electron angles
Q2= 4 E E' sin2J/2
j polarization plane
To separate photons from
electrons and to define the
trigger
 Complementary to Hall-D (GLUEX)
 Exploits the unique PID & resolution of
CLAS12
Institutions:
Edinburgh U., Glasgow U.,
INFN (project coordination),
JLab, NSU, Orsay, Saclay
The RICH Detector for CLAS12
• Measurements with identified kaons can provide important information on several hot
topics in hadronic physics:
- Study of the nucleon tomography and the quark orbital angular momentum (GPDs and TMDs)
- Strange distribution and fragmentation functions
- Quark hadronization in the nuclear medium
- Hadron spectroscopy and exotic mesons
• The Italian Groups (project coordination) in collaboration with the Argonne National Lab
and the University of Glasgow have proposed the construction of a RICH Detector for
CLAS12 in Hall B to improve the hadron PID, in particular the pion-kaon separation, in the
3-8 GeV/c momentum range. The RICH detector, would replace the CLAS12 Low Threshold
Cherenkov Counter (LTCC).
• The Italian Groups are responsible for the R&D of the
detector
- software simulation and pattern recognition
- tests of photon detectors (SiPM, MAPMT)
- construction of a prototype
• Challenging project due to:
- Large Detector area (several m2)
- Position in front of the TOF which requires small material budget
• Preliminary results from simulations show that a 5-6 -K
separation at 8 GeV/c is achievable with an aerogel
proximity focusing RICH and detecting the visible part
of the Cherenkov light.
Location of NEW
RICH Detector
The Central Neutron Detector
for CLAS12
• The study of Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) is
one of the leading programs of the Jefferson Lab Upgrade:
GPDs provide information on the 3D quark/gluon structure
of the nucleon and can be accessed by studying exclusive
reactions as Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS)
• Measurement of cross section and polarization
observables on proton and neutron targets are necessary
to access GPDs
• The Italian Groups in collaboration with IPN-Orsay and the
University of Glasgow have proposed the construction of
Central Neutron Detector (CND) as upgrade of the CLAS12
detector in Hall B
• The CND, consisting of a barrel of plastic scintillator, will
detect and identify neutrons with p=0.2-1 GeV/c and
q=40-140 deg. using the time-of-flight technique, allowing
to study DVCS on the neutron
• R&D to indentify the optimal technical solutions is
presently in progress
• The Italian Groups are responsible for the test of Silicon
Photomultipliers for the readout of the plastic scintillator
CTOF
Central
Tracker
CND
Central Neutron Detector:
• barrel of plastic scintillator
paddles located between the
CTOF and the 5-Tesla
solenoid
• Dimensions:
OR=39cm, IR= 28cm, L =
66 cm
Scientific Activity at 6 GeV
The scientific activity of the Italian Groups is subdivided into 4 main fields
that belong to the science mainstreams of the Jefferson Lab physics program
Hadron Spectroscopy:
• Study of the Nucleon Excitation Spectrum and Search for Missing Resonances
• Study of the Meson Spectrum
• Search for Exotics
The Structure of the Nucleon:
• Nucleon Form Factors
• Nucleon Structure Functions from Inclusive and Semi-Inclusive Processes
• Study of the Spin Structure of the Nucleon
The Study of the Transition between Hadronic and Partonic Degrees of Freedom:
• Vector Meson Production at Large Momentum Transfer
• Deuteron Photodisintegration
The Nuclear Structure:
• The Neutron Skin of 208Pb
• Hypernuclear Spectroscopy
• Study of N-N Correlations
Scientific Activity at 6 GeV &
Experiments with Italian Leadership
Hadron Spectroscopy:
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M. Taiuti, E91-002: “The study of Excited Baryons at High Momentum Transfer with the CLAS Spectrometer”
S. Frullani, E91-011: “Investigation of the N->Δ Transition via Polarization Observables in Hall A”
M. Ripani, E93-006: “Two Pion Decay of Electroproduced Baryon Resonances”
M. Anghinolfi, E93-036: “Measurement of Single Pion Electroproduction from the Proton with Polarized Beam and Polarized
Target Using CLAS”
S. Frullani, M. Iodice, E98-108: “Electroproduction of Kaons up to Q2=3 (GeV/c) 2”
M. Taiuti, E-99-107: “N* Excitations at High Q2 in the p0 and n + Channels”
M. Ripani, E-99-108: “N* Excitations at High Q2 in the Two-Pion Channel”
M. Battaglieri, R. De Vita, E-04-017: “Study of Pentaquark States in Photoproduction off Protons”
M. Battaglieri, R. De Vita, E-04-021: “Spectroscopy of Exotic Baryons with CLAS: Search for Ground and Excited States”
The Structure of the Nucleon:
• M. Taiuti, E-93-009: “The Polarized Structure Function G1n and the Q2 Dependence of the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn Sum
Rule for the Neutron”
• F. Garibaldi, E97-110: “The GDH Rule and the Spin Structure of 3He and the Neutron Using Nearly Real Photons”
• M. Battaglieri, R. De Vita, M. Ripani, E-03-006: “The GDH Sum Rule with nearly real photons and the proton g 1 structure
function at low momentum transfer”
• E. Cisbani, E06-010: “Measurement of Single Target-Spin Asymmetry in Semi-Inclusive Pion Electroproduction on a
Transversely Polarized 3He Target”
• P. Rossi, E-08-015: “Transverse spin effects in SIDIS at 6 GeV with transversely polarized target using the CLAS Detector”
The Study of the Transition between Hadronic and Partonic Degrees of Freedom:
• E. De Sanctis, P. Rossi, E-93-017: “Study of γd -> pn and γd -> pΔ0 Reactions for Small Momentum Transfers”
• M. Anghinolfi, M. Battaglieri, E-93-031: “Photoproduction of Vector Mesons at High t”
The Nuclear Structure:
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N. Bianchi, V. Muccifora, E-93-019: “Photoabsorption and Photofission of Nuclei”
P. Corvisiero, E-93-044: “Photoreactions on 3He”
F. Garibaldi, S. Frullani, E94-107: “High Resolution Hypernuclear 1p shell Spectroscopy”
G.M.Urciuoli, E06-002: “PREX (Lead Radius Parity Experiment)”
G.M.Urciuoli, E06-007: “Impulse Approximation limitations to the (e,e'p) on 208Pb: Identifying Correlations and
Relativistic Effects in the Nuclear Medium”
• F. Garibaldi, M. Iodice, E07-012: “The Angular Dependence of 16O(e,e'K)16N_lambda and H(e,e'K)”
Physics Publications
• Italian Collaborators are among the leading authors of 30 physics papers,
published in referred journals as





Physical Review Letters (17)
Physical Review C (6)
Physical Review D (4)
Nuclear Physics (2)
Physics Letters (1)
• Presently 7 of these papers are listed as TopCite
• These publications discuss physics results obtained in the 4 scientific areas
 Hadron Spectroscopy:
— 13 papers
— 8 PRL + 2 PRC + 2 PRD + 1 PLB + 1 NPA
— 4 TopCite
 The Structure of the Nucleon:
— 6 papers
— 3 PRL + 1 PRC + 2 PRD
— 2 TopCite
 The Study of the Transition between Hadronic and Partonic Degrees of Freedom:
— 5 papers
— 4 PRL + 1 PRC
— 1 TopCite
 The Nuclear Structure:
— 5 paper
— 2 PRL + 3 NPA
Experimental Equipment for Hall A
hadron arm
electron arm
~100 k$
RICH Detector
septum magnets
~1.1 M$
Important contributions
to base equipment and
specific apparatus
~200 k$
Septum magnets for very
low angle electron
detection
Waterfall target for
measurements on 16O
~200 k$
~800 k$
Hall A Technical Papers
1.
The CO2 gas Cherenkov detectors for the Jefferson Lab Hall A spectrometers
Iodice, M. and Cisbani, E. and Colilli, S. et al., NIM A 411 (1998), 223-237.
2.
Performances of the aerogel threshold Cherenkov counter for the Jefferson Lab Hall A spectrometers in the
1-4 GeV/c momentum range
Perrino, R. and Lagamba, L. and Cisbani, E. and Colilli, S. et al., NIM A 457 (2001), 457-571.
3.
Silica aerogel threshold Cherenkov counters for the JLab Hall A spectrometers: improvements and proposed
modifications
Lagamba, L. and Cisbani, E. and Colilli, S. et al., NIM A 471 (2001), 325-332.
4.
Light-weight spherical mirrors for Cherenkov detectors
Cisbani, E. and Colilli, S. et al., NIM A, 496 (2003), 305-314.
5.
A proximity focusing RICH detector for kaon physics at Jefferson lab Hall A
Garibaldi, F. et al., NIM A 502 (2003), 117-122.
6.
Quantum efficiency measurement system for large area CsI photodetectors
Cusanno, F. and Cisbani, E. and Colilli et al., NIM A 502 (2003), 251-255.
7.
A RICH detector for strangeness physics in Hall A at Jefferson Lab
Cusanno, F. and Garibaldi, F. and Cisbani, E. and Colilli, et al., NIM A 525 (2004), 163-167.
8.
Performance and results of the RICH detector for kaon physics in Hall A at Jefferson Lab
Iodice, M. and Cisbani, E. and Colilli, S. and Cusanno et al., NIM A 553 (2005), 231-236.
9.
Upgrade of the proximity focusing RICH at JLab
Cisbani, E. and Colilli, S. and Cusanno, F. and Fratoni, R. and Frullani, S. and Garibaldi, F. and Giuliani, F. and Gricia, M.
and Lucentini, M. and Santavenere, F. and Urciuoli, G. M. and Iodice, M. and Argentieri, A. and Cataldo, G. De and De
Leo, R. and Lagamba, L. and Marrone, S. and Nappi, E. and Camsonne, A. and Kross, B. and Michaels, R. and Reitz, B.
and Segal, J. and Wojtsekhowski, B. and Zorn, C. and Monno, E. and Breuer, H., NIMA 595 (2008), 44-46.
10. Performace of the two aerogel Cherenkov detectors of the JLab Hall A hadron spectrometer
Marrone, S. and Wojtsekhowski, B. and Acha, A. and Cisbani, E. and Coman, M. and Cusanno, F. et al., Il Nuovo Cimento
124 B (2009), 99-114.
11. A c2 test used for particle identification with the Hall A RICH detector at JLab
Urciuoli, G. M. and Cisbani, E. and Cusanno, F. and De Leo, R. and Bari, D. Di and Frullani, S. and Garibaldi, F. and
Iodice, M. and Lagamba, L. and LeRose, J. J. and Markowitz, P. and Marrone, S. and Reitz, B. , NIM A 612 (2009), 56-58.
Experimental Equipment for Hall B
Cerenkov Counter for low-Q2
~300K$
Polarized Target for electron beam
~700K$
Important
contributions to
base equipment and
specific apparatus
Large Angle Calorimeter
for detection of neutrals
~4M$
Upgrade of the Bonus
Detector Electronics
~45K$
Start Counter for photon beam
~47K$
Tagger Electronics Upgrade
~70K$
HD-ice: polarized frozen spin HD target
A
•
•
•
•
new class of polarized target of high dilution factor is made of solid Deuterium-Hydride
Longitudinal and Transverse Polarizations: > 60%
Relaxation time: > 1 year
Polarization procedure  3 months
Target cell
Data taking:  months
INFN contribution:
• dilution
refrigerator
• Raman analysis
of HD gas
• NMR for
polarization
monitoring
Target Transfer
Comparison of signal
over background
ratio:
HD
versus
conventional
polarized target
INFN Dilution
Refrigerator
In-beam cryostat
Hall B Technical Papers
1. Performances of the optical readout system for the large angle electromagnetic shower calorimeter for CLAS
M. Taiuti, M. Anghinolfi, N. Bianchi, G.P. Capitani, P. Corvisiero, E. De Sanctis, P. Levi Sandri, V.I. Mokeev, V. Muccifora, M.
Olcese, E. Polli, G. Ricco, A.R. Reolon, M. Ripani, P. Rossi, A. Rottura, M. Sanzone, A. Zucchiatti. Nucl. Instr. & Meth. A357
(1995), 344-349.
2. Measurement of the response of long plastic scintillator bars for the large angle electromagnetic shower
calorimeter for CLAS
M. Taiuti, P. Rossi, R. Morandotti, M. Anghinolfi, H. Avakian, M .Battaglieri, N. Bianchi, P. Corvisiero, E. De Sanctis, V.Giourjian,
P. Levi Sandri, A.Longhi, V.I. Mokeev, V. Muccifora, M. Olcese, E. Polli, A.R. Reolon, G. Ricco, M. Ripani, M. Sanzone, A.
Zucchiatti. Nucl. Instr. & Meth. A370 (1996), 429-434.
3. Peformance of the new plastic scintillator NE110A for the CLAS large angle calorimeter
P.Rossi, E.Polli, M.Albicocco, H.Avakian, N. Bianchi, G.P.Capitani, A. Deppman, E. De Sanctis, V.Giourjian, P. Levi Sandri, S.
Mansanta, M.Mirazita, V. Muccifora, A.R. Reolon, M. Taiuti, A. Rottura, M. Anghinolfi, M.Battaglieri, P.Corvisiero, A. Longhi, V.I.
Mokeev, M. Olcese, G. Ricco, M. Ripani, M. Sanzone, A. Zucchiatti, R.Morandotti. Nucl. Instr. & Meth. A381 (1996), 32-38.
4. Choice and test of the photomultipliers for the Large Angle Electromagnetic Shower Calorimeter for the CLAS
detector at CEBAF
M. Ripani, M. Anghinolfi, H.Avakian, M.Battaglieri, M. Castoldi, P.Corvisiero, A. Deppman, V.Giourjian, E. Golovach, A. Longhi,
V.I. Mokeev, F. Ronchetti, P.Rossi, , A. Rottura , V. Sapunenko, E. Shirokov, M. Taiuti. Nucl. Instr. & Meth. A 406 (1998), 403410.
5. Response to cosmic rays of the Large Angle Electromagnetic Shower Calorimeter of the CLAS detector
M. Anghinolfi, M.Battaglieri, P.Corvisiero , R. De Vita, E. Golovach, A. Longhi, V.I. Mokeev, G. Ricco, M. Ripani, V. Sapunenko,
M. Taiuti, N. Bianchi, E. De Sanctis, V.Giourjian, V. Muccifora, M. Mirazita, E. Polli, A.R. Reolon, F. Ronchetti, P.Rossi. Nucl.
Instr. and Meth. A 447 (2000), 424-431.
6. The CLAS Electromagnetic Calorimeter at Large Angle
M. Anghinolfi, H. Avakian, M.Battaglieri, N. Bianchi, P.Corvisiero, R. De Vita, E. Golovach, V.Gyuriyan, M. Mirazita, V. Mokeev, V.
Muccifora, Osipenko, E. Polli, G. Ricco, M. Ripani, F. Ronchetti, P.Rossi,V. Sapunenko, M. Taiuti. Nucl. Instr. & Meth. A537
(2005), 562, LANL-preprint nucl-ex/0403041.
7. A new highly segmented start counter for the CLAS detector
Y. G. Sharabian, M.Battaglieri, V. Burkert, R. De Vita, L. Elouadrhiri, L. Guo, D. Kashy, V. Kubarovsky, G.S. Mutchler, M. Ostrick,
M. Ripani, P.Rossi, A. Rottura, E. Pasyuk, D. Weygand. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 556 (2006), 246-258.
Service Work
Italian Collaborators have been covering relevant roles in the Jefferson Lab
community, as member of committees and chair of working groups and
collaborations:
• R. De Vita, Member CLAS12 Steering Committee
• M. Ripani, CLAS Collaboration Chair, 2009-today
• R. De Vita, Secretary of the CLAS Speakers Committee, 2006-today
• M. Battaglieri, Chair of the CLAS Speakers Committee, 2005-today
• P. Rossi, Chair of the CLAS Service Work Committee, 2004-today
• P. Rossi, Member of the JLab Program Advisory Committee, 2010
• M. Ripani, Member of the JLab Program Advisory Committee, 2006-2009
• R. De Vita, Member of the JLab User Group Board of Directors, 2005-2007
• R. De Vita, Member of the CLAS Speakers Committee, 2003-2006
• N. Bianchi, Member of the JLab Program Advisory Committee, 2003-2005
• M. Battaglieri, Member of the CLAS Speakers Committee, 2001-2005
• P. Rossi, Member of the CLAS Service Work Committee, 2003-2004
• M. Taiuti, Chair of the CLAS Structure of the Nucleon Working Group, 2001-2004
• M. Taiuti, Member of the JLab Program Advisory Committee, 2000-2002
• E. De Sanctis, Member of the JLab Program Advisory Committee, 1997-1999
• G. Ricco, Member of the JLab Program Advisory Committee, 1995-1996
Conference and Workshops
• International Workshop on Exclusive reactions at high
momentum transfer, Marciana Marina - Italy, June 24-26, 1993
• GDH2002, “2nd Symposium on the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn Sum Rule
and the Spin Structure of the Nucleon”, Genova - Italy, July 3-6 2002
• Jefferson Lab at 12 GeV, “Workshop on the Perspectives in Hadronic
Physics at JLab”, Genova – Italy, February 2008
• CLAS12 European Workshop, “First European Workshop on the
Physics Program and equipment of the CLAS12 experiment at Jefferson
Lab”, Genova – Italy, 26-28 February 2008
• 2nd JSPS Core-to-core seminar, “Workshop on Strangeness Nuclear
Physics by Electron Beams”, ISS-Rome 15-16 Dec 2009
• PSHP2010, “Probing Strangeness in Hard Processes”, Laboratori
Nazionali di Frascati - Italy, October 18-21 2010